减免 em 30 segundos
- 减免 (jiǎnmiǎn) means to reduce or waive financial obligations like taxes and fees.
- It's a formal term used in official announcements and documents.
- Commonly applied to taxes, fees, rent, and penalties.
- Distinguish from 减少 (jiǎnshǎo - general decrease) and 打折 (dǎzhé - commercial discount).
- Core Meaning
- The word 减免 (jiǎnmiǎn) means to reduce or waive something, typically a fee, tax, or payment. It implies a lessening or complete removal of a financial obligation.
- Contexts
- You'll often see 减免 used in official contexts like government announcements, company policies, or legal documents. It's a formal term related to financial matters.
- Examples of Use
- It can refer to the reduction or waiver of taxes (税款 jiǎnmiǎn), fees (费用 jiǎnmiǎn), rent (房租 jiǎnmiǎn), or even penalties (罚款 jiǎnmiǎn). For instance, a government might announce tax reductions for small businesses, or a university might offer tuition fee waivers for certain students.
政府宣布将对小型企业实行税款减免政策。
由于疫情影响，学校决定对部分学生的学费予以减免。
- Nuance
- While 减免 can mean a complete waiver, it often implies a reduction rather than outright cancellation, depending on the context. The specific extent of the reduction or waiver is usually clarified in the accompanying details.
公司为鼓励创新，对研发项目提供了费用减免政策。
- Verb Phrase
- 减免 is often used as a verb phrase, acting on a noun that represents a fee, tax, or obligation. The structure is typically [Noun] + 减免 or [Noun] + 予以 + 减免 (yǔyǐ jiǎnmiǎn), where 予以 adds a formal tone.
为了支持灾区重建，政府决定对受灾地区的捐款实行税款减免。
- As a Noun/Concept
- 减免 can also function as a noun, referring to the reduction or waiver itself. In these cases, it might be preceded by words like '政策' (zhèngcè - policy) or '措施' (cuòshī - measure).
这项减免政策旨在减轻中小企业的财务负担。
- Formal Language
- The phrase 予以减免 (yǔyǐ jiǎnmiǎn) is a very common and formal way to express this. It's often used in official documents and pronouncements.
海关部门对符合条件的企业货物予以减免关税。
- Common Objects
- The things that are reduced or waived are typically financial: 税款 (shuìkuǎn - taxes), 费用 (fèiyòng - fees), 租金 (zūjīn - rent), 罚款 (fákuǎn - fines), 贷款利息 (dàikuǎn lìxī - loan interest).
对于低收入家庭，政府会提供房租减免的申请渠道。
- Government and Public Service Announcements
- This is perhaps the most common place to encounter 减免. Official news reports, government websites, and tax authority communications frequently use this term when discussing policies related to taxes, fees, or social welfare benefits. For example, you might hear about tax 减免 for certain industries, fee 减免 for public services, or subsidies that effectively act as a 减免.
税务局发布了关于小型企业所得税减免的通知。
- Business and Finance News
- When companies announce financial incentives, special offers, or changes in their pricing structures, 减免 might be used. This could be for things like early payment discounts, loyalty program benefits, or promotional offers that reduce the cost of goods or services. Financial news outlets will report on these policies using this term.
为了应对市场竞争，该航空公司推出了机票价格减免活动。
- Legal and Contractual Documents
- In contracts, leases, or other legal agreements, 减免 can specify conditions under which certain payments or penalties might be reduced or forgiven. This ensures clarity and legal enforceability.
合同规定，若因不可抗力导致延误，违约金将予以减免。
- Educational Institutions
- Universities and colleges might use 减免 when discussing scholarships, bursaries, or financial aid that reduces tuition fees. This is a way to attract students and support those in need.
学校为优秀学生提供了学费减免政策。
- Confusing with '减少' (jiǎnshǎo)
- A common mistake for learners is to confuse 减免 (jiǎnmiǎn) with 减少 (jiǎnshǎo). While both involve reduction, 减少 is a general term for 'to decrease' or 'to reduce' any quantity, number, or intensity. 减免 specifically refers to the reduction or waiver of fees, taxes, or obligations. You reduce the *amount* of something with 减少, but you reduce or waive the *obligation* itself with 减免.
Incorrect: 我们需要减少税款。
Correct: 我们需要减免税款。
- Overusing in Informal Contexts
- 减免 is a formal term. Using it in casual conversation when a simpler word like '打折' (dǎzhé - to give a discount) or '便宜' (piányí - cheaper) would suffice can sound unnatural or overly bureaucratic. For instance, when talking about a shop sale, you'd say '打折', not '减免'.
Incorrect: 这件衣服在减免。
Correct: 这件衣服在打折。
- Misunderstanding the Scope
- Sometimes learners might assume 减免 always means a complete waiver. While it can, it often implies a reduction. The specific details of the reduction or waiver are usually provided in the context or accompanying text. If an official announcement says '税款减免', it doesn't automatically mean all taxes are gone; it means some taxes will be reduced or waived according to specific criteria.
误解：听到“学费减免”，就以为不用交学费了。
实际：可能只是部分减免，比如减免10%或20%。
- 减少 (jiǎnshǎo)
- Difference: As discussed in common mistakes, 减少 means 'to decrease' or 'to reduce' in a general sense. It applies to quantities, numbers, levels, etc. 减免 is specific to financial obligations like taxes, fees, or rent.
- Example Comparison:
- - 减少人口 (jiǎnshǎo rénkǒu) - reduce the population.
- 减免税款 (jiǎnmiǎn shuìkuǎn) - reduce/waive taxes.
- 打折 (dǎzhé)
- Difference: 打折 specifically means 'to give a discount' or 'to sell at a reduced price'. It's commonly used in retail and commercial settings for goods and services. 减免 is more formal and applies to official fees, taxes, and obligations, not typical commercial discounts.
- Example Comparison:
- - 商场在打折 (shāngchǎng zài dǎzhé) - The mall is having a sale.
- 政府对部分企业实行税款减免 (zhèngfǔ duì bùfèn qǐyè shíxíng shuìkuǎn jiǎnmiǎn) - The government implements tax reductions/waivers for some enterprises.
- 豁免 (huòmiǎn)
- Difference: 豁免 is very close to the 'waive' aspect of 减免. It means to exempt someone from an obligation or duty. While 减免 can include a complete waiver, it often implies a reduction. 豁免 leans more towards complete exemption.
- Example Comparison:
- - 减免部分费用 (jiǎnmiǎn bùfèn fèiyòng) - Reduce/waive part of the fees.
- 获得豁免权 (huòdé huòmiǎn quán) - Obtain exemption rights.
- 优惠 (yōuhuì)
- Difference: 优惠 means 'preferential treatment', 'discount', or 'benefit'. It's a broader term than 打折 and can encompass various forms of advantages, including price reductions. While 减免 is a specific type of financial concession, 优惠 is a more general term for getting something at a better rate or with added benefits.
- Example Comparison:
- - 享受学生优惠 (xiǎngshòu xuéshēng yōuhuì) - Enjoy student discounts/benefits.
- 申请税款减免 (shēnqǐng shuìkuǎn jiǎnmiǎn) - Apply for tax reduction/waiver.
How Formal Is It?
Curiosidade
The character 免 (miǎn) has an interesting visual history. Its ancient form depicted a person bending their head down, as if to avoid something or to show submission, which evolved into the meaning of being freed from something or escaping an obligation. This visual metaphor directly relates to the idea of being 'freed' from paying a fee or tax.
Guia de pronúncia
- Pronouncing 减 (jiǎn) with a rising tone instead of a falling tone.
- Pronouncing 免 (miǎn) with a neutral or rising tone instead of a falling tone.
- Confusing the sounds with similar-sounding words.
- Not giving enough emphasis to the falling tones.
Nível de dificuldade
The word 减免 appears in formal texts like news articles, government announcements, and legal documents. Learners need to understand its specific context related to financial concessions and distinguish it from similar words.
Using 减免 correctly requires an understanding of its formal register and specific applications. Mistakes can occur when confusing it with general decrease terms or applying it in informal contexts.
While pronunciation is straightforward, using 减免 appropriately in spoken Chinese requires awareness of its formal usage. It's more likely to be heard in official announcements or discussions about policy.
Recognizing 减免 in spoken Chinese is important for understanding official communications, news reports, or discussions related to finance and policy. Its formal tone should help in identification.
O que aprender depois
Pré-requisitos
Aprenda a seguir
Avançado
Gramática essencial
Using 予以 (yǔyǐ) for formal granting of actions.
该部门决定对符合条件者予以减免。 (The department decided to grant reductions/waivers to those who meet the conditions.)
The structure '[Noun] + 减免' acts as a noun phrase.
我们正在讨论学费 减免 的可能性。(We are discussing the possibility of tuition fee reduction/waiver.)
Using '对 (duì)' to indicate the object of the action.
我们对受灾地区实行了税款减免。(We implemented tax reductions/waivers for the disaster-stricken areas.)
Using '为了 (wèile)' to express purpose.
为了刺激经济，政府实施了税款减免。(In order to stimulate the economy, the government implemented tax reductions/waivers.)
The use of measure words with nouns that precede 减免.
这项 费用 (measure word) 减免 (This fee reduction/waiver.)
Exemplos por nível
这个费用可以减免吗？
Can this fee be reduced/waived?
他们说可以减免一点。
They said it can be reduced a bit.
申请减免。
Apply for reduction/waiver.
减免了我的罚款。
They reduced/waived my fine.
可以减免一些。
Some can be reduced/waived.
这个项目有减免。
This project has a reduction/waiver.
我想申请减免。
I want to apply for reduction/waiver.
他们提供减免。
They offer reduction/waiver.
政府为小企业提供了税款减免政策。
The government has provided a tax reduction/waiver policy for small businesses.
税款 (shuìkuǎn) - taxes. 政策 (zhèngcè) - policy.
由于经济困难，学校决定对学费进行减免。
Due to economic difficulties, the school decided to reduce/waive tuition fees.
经济困难 (jīngjì kùnnán) - economic difficulties. 学费 (xuéfèi) - tuition fees.
他成功申请到了租金减免。
He successfully applied for a rent reduction/waiver.
成功 (chénggōng) - successfully. 申请 (shēnqǐng) - apply. 租金 (zūjīn) - rent.
这项服务可以减免部分费用。
Part of the fees for this service can be reduced/waived.
部分 (bùfèn) - part. 费用 (fèiyòng) - fees.
请问是否有罚款减免的可能？
May I ask if there is a possibility of a fine reduction/waiver?
罚款 (fákuǎn) - fine. 可能 (kěnéng) - possibility.
公司为老客户提供了特别的费用减免。
The company offered special fee reductions/waivers for long-term customers.
老客户 (lǎo kèhù) - long-term customer. 特别 (tèbié) - special.
他们承诺会给予一定的减免。
They promised to give a certain reduction/waiver.
承诺 (chéngnuò) - promise. 一定 (yīdìng) - certain.
这个项目的费用可以减免。
The fees for this project can be reduced/waived.
项目 (xiàngmù) - project.
政府出台了新的税收减免政策以刺激经济增长。
The government introduced new tax reduction/waiver policies to stimulate economic growth.
出台 (chūtái) - introduce/release (policy). 税收 (shuìshōu) - taxation. 刺激 (cìjī) - stimulate. 经济增长 (jīngjì zēngzhǎng) - economic growth.
对于符合条件的低保家庭，相关部门会给予医疗费用减免。
For eligible low-income families, relevant departments will grant medical expense reductions/waivers.
符合条件 (fúhé tiáojiàn) - eligible. 低保家庭 (dībǎo jiātíng) - low-income family. 医疗费用 (yīliáo fèiyòng) - medical expenses. 相关部门 (xiāngguān bùmén) - relevant departments.
由于疫情的持续影响，许多商户申请了租金减免。
Due to the continued impact of the pandemic, many businesses applied for rent reductions/waivers.
持续影响 (chíxù yǐngxiǎng) - continued impact. 商户 (shānghù) - businesses/merchants.
这项改革措施旨在为企业提供更多的税负减免。
This reform measure aims to provide more tax burden reductions/waivers for enterprises.
改革措施 (gǎigé cuòshī) - reform measure. 税负 (shuìfù) - tax burden.
在特殊情况下，大学可以考虑对部分学生予以学费减免。
Under special circumstances, universities may consider granting tuition fee reductions/waivers to some students.
特殊情况 (tèshū qíngkuàng) - special circumstances. 考虑 (kǎolǜ) - consider. 予以 (yǔyǐ) - grant/give (formal).
他因为表现出色，获得了项目费用的部分减免。
Because of his outstanding performance, he received a partial reduction/waiver of project fees.
表现出色 (biǎoxiàn chūsè) - outstanding performance. 获得 (huòdé) - obtain/receive.
该基金会提供灾后重建的费用减免援助。
The foundation provides financial assistance for fee reductions/waivers for post-disaster reconstruction.
基金会 (jījīnhuì) - foundation. 灾后重建 (zāihòu chóngjiàn) - post-disaster reconstruction. 援助 (yuánzhù) - assistance.
我们正在研究是否可以对这笔滞纳金进行减免。
We are studying whether the late payment fees can be reduced/waived.
研究 (yánjiū) - study/research. 滞纳金 (zhìnàjīn) - late payment fee.
为了鼓励跨境投资，政府宣布将对符合条件的企业实施一系列的税收减免措施。
To encourage cross-border investment, the government announced it will implement a series of tax reduction/waiver measures for eligible enterprises.
跨境投资 (kuàjìng tóuzī) - cross-border investment. 实施 (shíshī) - implement. 一系列 (yī xìliè) - a series of. 税收减免措施 (shuìshōu jiǎnmiǎn cuòshī) - tax reduction/waiver measures.
该国际组织致力于为发展中国家提供教育和医疗方面的费用减免援助。
The international organization is dedicated to providing fee reduction/waiver assistance in education and healthcare for developing countries.
国际组织 (guójì zǔzhī) - international organization. 致力于 (zhìlì yú) - dedicated to. 发展中国家 (fāzhǎn zhōng guójiā) - developing countries.
在评估贷款申请时，银行会根据申请人的信用状况考虑是否予以利息减免。
When assessing loan applications, banks will consider whether to grant interest reductions/waivers based on the applicant's creditworthiness.
评估 (pínggū) - assess. 贷款申请 (dàikuǎn shēnqǐng) - loan application. 信用状况 (xìnyòng zhuàngkuàng) - creditworthiness. 利息 (lìxī) - interest.
由于罕见病药物价格昂贵，许多国家都出台了相应的费用减免政策。
Due to the high cost of rare disease medications, many countries have introduced corresponding fee reduction/waiver policies.
罕见病 (hǎnjiàn bìng) - rare disease. 药物 (yàowù) - medication. 昂贵 (ángguì) - expensive. 相应 (xiāngyìng) - corresponding.
公司为了履行其社会责任，决定对部分公益项目的运营成本予以减免。
In order to fulfill its social responsibility, the company decided to grant reductions/waivers for the operating costs of some public welfare projects.
履行 (lǚxíng) - fulfill. 社会责任 (shèhuì zérèn) - social responsibility. 公益项目 (gōngyì xiàngmù) - public welfare project. 运营成本 (yùnyíng chéngběn) - operating costs.
在复杂的税务规划中，合理利用税收减免政策是降低企业税负的关键。
In complex tax planning, reasonably utilizing tax reduction/waiver policies is key to lowering the corporate tax burden.
税务规划 (shuìwù guīhuà) - tax planning. 合理利用 (hélǐ lìyòng) - reasonably utilize. 降低 (jiàngdī) - lower.
该文化遗产保护项目获得了政府在门票收入方面的显著减免。
The cultural heritage protection project received significant reductions/waivers from the government regarding ticket revenue.
文化遗产 (wénhuà yíchǎn) - cultural heritage. 保护项目 (bǎohù xiàngmù) - protection project. 门票收入 (ménpiào shōurù) - ticket revenue. 显著 (xiǎnzhù) - significant.
我们必须仔细审查所有减免申请，确保其符合相关规定。
We must carefully review all reduction/waiver applications to ensure they comply with relevant regulations.
仔细审查 (zǐxì shěnchá) - carefully review. 确保 (quèbǎo) - ensure. 相关规定 (xiāngguān guīdìng) - relevant regulations.
在全球经济下行压力加剧的背景下，各国政府纷纷出台更为积极的财政激励措施，包括但不限于税收和规费的减免。
Against the backdrop of increasing global economic downward pressure, governments worldwide are successively introducing more proactive fiscal incentive measures, including but not limited to the reduction/waiver of taxes and administrative fees.
经济下行压力 (jīngjì xiàxíng yālì) - economic downward pressure. 加剧 (jiājù) - intensify. 纷纷 (fēnfēn) - one after another. 财政激励措施 (cáizhèng jīlì cuòshī) - fiscal incentive measures. 规费 (guīfèi) - administrative fees.
该慈善机构通过与地方政府合作，为受助群体提供全面的医疗保险费用减免方案。
Through collaboration with local governments, the charitable organization provides comprehensive medical insurance fee reduction/waiver schemes for beneficiary groups.
慈善机构 (císhàn jīgòu) - charitable organization. 受助群体 (shòuzhù qúntǐ) - beneficiary groups. 全面 (quánmiàn) - comprehensive. 医疗保险 (yīliáo bǎoxiǎn) - medical insurance. 方案 (fāng'àn) - scheme/plan.
在处理破产清算案件时，法院会根据法律规定，对债务人某些特定债权予以减免。
When handling bankruptcy liquidation cases, the court will, according to legal provisions, grant reductions/waivers on certain specific claims of the debtor.
破产清算 (pòchǎn qīngsuàn) - bankruptcy liquidation. 案件 (ànjiàn) - case. 债务人 (zhàiwùrén) - debtor. 特定债权 (tèdìng zhàiquán) - specific claims.
企业在申请国际援助项目时，需要详细阐述其对社会经济发展可能带来的积极影响，以便获得相关费用减免。
When applying for international aid projects, enterprises need to elaborate on their potential positive impact on socio-economic development in order to obtain relevant fee reductions/waivers.
阐述 (chǎnshù) - elaborate. 社会经济发展 (shèhuì jīngjì fāzhǎn) - socio-economic development. 以便 (yǐbiàn) - so as to/in order to.
鉴于该地区面临严峻的环境挑战，政府出台了一系列生态补偿和资源利用费用的减免政策。
In view of the severe environmental challenges faced by the region, the government has introduced a series of policies for ecological compensation and the reduction/waiver of resource utilization fees.
鉴于 (jiànyú) - in view of. 严峻 (yánjùn) - severe. 生态补偿 (shēngtài bǔcháng) - ecological compensation. 资源利用费 (zīyuán lìyòng fèi) - resource utilization fees.
在遗产税的征收过程中，存在一定的法定减免额度，以减轻家庭的经济负担。
In the process of collecting inheritance tax, there are certain statutory exemption amounts to alleviate the economic burden on families.
遗产税 (yíchǎnshuì) - inheritance tax. 征收 (zhēngshōu) - collect/levy. 法定减免额度 (fǎdìng jiǎnmiǎn édù) - statutory exemption amount.
为了促进文化产业的繁荣，政府对符合条件的文化创意企业提供了税收和运营成本的减免优惠。
To promote the prosperity of the cultural industry, the government offers tax and operating cost reduction/waiver benefits to eligible cultural and creative enterprises.
文化产业 (wénhuà chǎnyè) - cultural industry. 繁荣 (fánróng) - prosperity. 文化创意企业 (wénhuà chuàngyì qǐyè) - cultural and creative enterprises. 优惠 (yōuhuì) - benefits/preferential treatment.
对于那些因自然灾害而遭受重大经济损失的纳税人，税务机关可以依法给予一定程度的减免。
For taxpayers who have suffered significant economic losses due to natural disasters, tax authorities may grant a certain degree of reduction/waiver according to the law.
遭受 (zāoshòu) - suffer. 重大 (zhòngdà) - significant. 纳税人 (nàshuìrén) - taxpayer. 税务机关 (shuìwù jīgūan) - tax authorities. 依法 (yīfǎ) - according to the law.
在复杂的国际税收协定框架下，跨国公司会积极寻求利用各项条款以实现利润的合法减免，从而优化其全球税务负担。
Within the framework of complex international tax treaties, multinational corporations actively seek to utilize various provisions to achieve legal reduction/waiver of profits, thereby optimizing their global tax burden.
国际税收协定 (guójì shuìshōu xiédìng) - international tax treaty. 跨国公司 (kuàguó gōngsī) - multinational corporation. 合法减免 (héfǎ jiǎnmiǎn) - legal reduction/waiver. 优化 (yōuhuà) - optimize.
该金融监管机构发布了关于对特定金融创新产品实施审慎监管和潜在费用减免的指导意见。
The financial regulatory body issued guiding opinions on the implementation of prudential supervision and potential fee reduction/waiver for specific financial innovation products.
金融监管机构 (jīnróng jiānguǎn jīgòu) - financial regulatory body. 审慎监管 (shěnshèn jiānguǎn) - prudential supervision. 指导意见 (zhǐdǎo yìjiàn) - guiding opinions.
在处理涉及主权债务重组的谈判中，债权国往往会考虑对部分债务予以减免，以期稳定受援国的经济并促进其长期发展。
In negotiations involving sovereign debt restructuring, creditor nations often consider granting reductions/waivers on a portion of the debt, in order to stabilize the recipient country's economy and promote its long-term development.
主权债务重组 (zhǔquán zhàiwù chóngzǔ) - sovereign debt restructuring. 债权国 (zhàiquán guó) - creditor nation. 受援国 (shòuyuán guó) - recipient country. 期 (qī) - in order to/expect.
鉴于其在公共卫生领域的卓越贡献，联合国决定对该非政府组织的相关项目予以费用减免和优先支持。
In light of its outstanding contributions to public health, the United Nations decided to grant fee reductions/waivers and preferential support to the NGO's relevant projects.
卓越贡献 (zhuóyuè gòngxiàn) - outstanding contribution. 非政府组织 (fēi zhèngfǔ zǔzhī) - non-governmental organization (NGO). 优先支持 (yōuxiān zhīchí) - preferential support.
该跨国企业通过其复杂的法人结构，巧妙地利用了不同司法管辖区的税收优惠和减免政策，以最小化其全球税负。
Through its complex corporate structure, the multinational enterprise cleverly utilizes tax preferential policies and reduction/waiver measures in different jurisdictions to minimize its global tax burden.
法人结构 (fǎrén jiégòu) - corporate structure. 司法管辖区 (sīfǎ guǎnxiá qū) - jurisdiction. 最小化 (zuìxiǎohuà) - minimize.
在国家面临重大自然灾害时，政府通常会启动紧急预案，对受灾地区的居民和企业实行一系列临时的税费减免措施。
When a nation faces major natural disasters, the government usually activates emergency plans, implementing a series of temporary tax and fee reduction/waiver measures for residents and businesses in the affected areas.
紧急预案 (jǐnjí yù'àn) - emergency plan. 启动 (qǐdòng) - activate. 临时 (línshí) - temporary.
该研究项目旨在探索通过技术创新实现高耗能行业的成本减免和环境效益最大化。
This research project aims to explore cost reduction and maximization of environmental benefits in high-energy-consuming industries through technological innovation.
高耗能行业 (gāo hàonéng hángyè) - high-energy-consuming industries. 环境效益 (huánjìng xiàoyì) - environmental benefits. 最大化 (zuìdàhuà) - maximization.
在特定历史时期，为了鼓励国内产业发展，政府会采取包括进口关税减免在内的多项扶持政策。
During specific historical periods, in order to encourage domestic industry development, the government would adopt various support policies, including the reduction/waiver of import tariffs.
进口关税 (jìnkǒu guānshuì) - import tariffs. 扶持政策 (fúchí zhèngcè) - support policies.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
— Reduction or waiver of taxes.
政府为了刺激经济，出台了税款减免措施。
— Reduction or waiver of fees.
学校为贫困学生提供费用减免。
— Reduction or waiver of rent.
由于疫情，许多商铺获得了租金减免。
— Reduction or waiver of fines.
他因初犯，法院给予了罚款减免。
— To grant a reduction or waiver (formal).
符合条件者，我们将予以减免。
— To apply for a reduction or waiver.
他正在为学费申请减免。
— Partial reduction or waiver.
这项服务可以给予部分减免。
— Complete reduction or waiver.
在极端情况下，可能会有全面减免。
— Policy of reduction or waiver.
政府公布了新的减免政策。
— Amount of reduction or waiver.
这个项目有特定的减免额度。
Frequentemente confundido com
减免 specifically applies to obligations like taxes and fees, whereas 减少 is a general term for decreasing any quantity.
打折 is for commercial discounts on goods/services, while 减免 is for formal concessions from authorities or institutions.
优惠 is a broader term for benefits or discounts, less formal and specific than 减免.
Fácil de confundir
Both involve the idea of 'reduction'.
减免 is about reducing or waiving an obligation (like a fee or tax), often implying a formal concession. 减少 is a general term for decreasing any quantity, number, or intensity. You reduce the *amount* of something with 减少, but you reduce or waive the *obligation* itself with 减免.
为了控制成本，我们应该减少开支。(To control costs, we should reduce expenses.) vs. 政府宣布了新的税款减免政策。(The government announced a new tax reduction/waiver policy.)
Both result in paying less money.
打折 specifically refers to commercial discounts on products or services, usually offered by businesses to consumers. 减免 is a more formal term used by governments, institutions, or authorities to reduce or waive official financial obligations like taxes, fees, or penalties. You '打折' on a shirt, but you '减免' taxes.
这家商店的衣服都在打折。(The clothes in this store are on sale.) vs. 我们正在申请房租减免。(We are applying for rent reduction/waiver.)
Both can mean to waive or exempt.
豁免 primarily means complete exemption or waiver from an obligation, emphasizing freedom from duty. 减免 can imply a complete waiver but often also includes the idea of reduction. 减免 is more commonly used for financial obligations like taxes and fees, while 豁免 can apply to a broader range of duties or requirements.
他获得了兵役豁免。(He obtained an exemption from military service.) vs. 学校为优秀学生提供学费减免。(The school offers tuition fee reductions/waivers for outstanding students.)
Both terms relate to getting something at a lower cost or with benefits.
优惠 is a general term for preferential treatment, discounts, or benefits. It's broad and can apply to various situations, including commercial discounts, special offers, or advantages. 减免 is more specific, focusing on the formal reduction or waiver of official financial obligations like taxes, fees, or penalties. While a 减免 might be considered a type of 优惠, 优惠 itself doesn't necessarily imply the formal nature of 减免.
凭学生证可以享受九折优惠。(With a student ID, you can enjoy a 10% discount.) vs. 政府出台了新的税款减免政策。(The government introduced a new tax reduction/waiver policy.)
Both involve removing an obligation.
免除 means to relieve someone from a duty, obligation, or responsibility. It's often used in legal or formal contexts, similar to 'exonerate' or 'absolve'. While it can apply to financial obligations, 减免 is more specifically about reducing or waiving the *amount* of a financial imposition like taxes or fees. 免除 might be used for being freed from a legal charge, while 减免 is for paying less.
他被免除了所有责任。(He was relieved of all responsibility.) vs. 公司为员工提供了加班费减免。(The company offered a reduction/waiver of overtime pay for employees.)
Padrões de frases
[Subject] + [Noun] + 减免 + [了/了]。
学校 + 学费 + 减免 + 了。
[Subject] + [Verb] + [Noun] + 减免。
他 + 申请 + 租金 + 减免。
政府/公司 + 为/对 + [Object] + 实行/提供 + [Noun] + 减免 + 政策/措施。
政府 + 为 + 小型企业 + 实行 + 税款 + 减免 + 政策。
为了 + [Purpose], [Subject] + 予以 + [Noun] + 减免。
为了 + 减轻负担, + 我们 + 予以 + 费用 + 减免。
在 + [Context], [Subject] + 考虑 + 是否 + 给予 + [Noun] + 减免。
在 + 评估 + 时, + 银行 + 考虑 + 是否 + 给予 + 利息 + 减免。
[Subject] + 旨在 + [Goal] + 为 + [Beneficiary] + 提供 + [Noun] + 减免。
该项目 + 旨在 + 促进 + 发展, + 为 + 企业 + 提供 + 成本 + 减免。
鉴于 + [Reason], [Subject] + 出台 + [Noun] + 减免 + 政策。
鉴于 + 经济困难, + 学校 + 出台 + 学费 + 减免 + 政策。
[Subject] + 需要 + 详细阐述 + [Impact] + 以便 + 获得 + [Noun] + 减免。
申请人 + 需要 + 详细阐述 + 贡献 + 以便 + 获得 + 费用 + 减免。
Família de palavras
Relacionado
Como usar
High in formal contexts, low in informal conversation.
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Using 减免 for everyday commercial discounts.
→
Use 打折 or 优惠 for commercial discounts.
减免 is a formal term for official financial concessions like taxes and fees. Using it for a shop sale sounds unnatural. For example, instead of '这件衣服在减免', say '这件衣服在打折' (This piece of clothing is on sale).
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Confusing 减免 with 减少.
→
减免 for obligations, 减少 for general decrease.
减免 applies to specific financial burdens like taxes or fees. 减少 is a general term for making something smaller in quantity or degree. You '减免税款' (reduce/waive taxes), but you '减少人数' (reduce the number of people).
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Assuming 减免 always means a complete waiver.
→
It can mean reduction or complete waiver; context is key.
While 减免 can mean a complete waiver, it often implies a partial reduction. The specific extent is usually clarified. For example, '学费减免' might mean a 20% reduction, not necessarily free tuition.
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Incorrect tone pronunciation.
→
Jiǎn (3rd tone), Miǎn (4th tone).
Both characters have falling tones, which gives the word a distinct sound. Incorrect tones can lead to misunderstanding or sound unnatural. Practice the 'jiǎn' falling tone and the 'miǎn' falling tone.
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Using 减免 in overly casual conversation.
→
Use 减免 in formal contexts like official announcements or discussions about policy.
减免 carries a formal register. Using it casually, like 'Can you 减免 my share of the bill?', would sound overly bureaucratic. A more appropriate phrase might be 'Can you reduce my share?' or 'Can I pay less?'
Dicas
Master the Tones
The word 减免 (jiǎnmiǎn) has two falling tones. Practice saying 'jiǎn' with a falling tone and 'miǎn' with another falling tone. This emphasis is crucial for correct pronunciation and understanding.
Associate with Obligations
Whenever you encounter 减免, think of official financial obligations like taxes, fees, rent, or fines. This association will help you distinguish it from general decreases or commercial discounts.
Common Collocations
Familiarize yourself with common phrases like '税款减免' (tax reduction/waiver), '费用减免' (fee reduction/waiver), and '予以减免' (to grant reduction/waiver). These patterns will make sentence construction easier.
Visual Link: Cut & Exempt
Visualize a knife (减) cutting down a pile of money, followed by a shield (免) protecting the payer. This visual mnemonic helps remember the core meaning of reducing and exempting from financial burdens.
Government & Policy Focus
You'll most frequently hear or read 减免 in contexts related to government policies, economic measures, or institutional regulations designed to alleviate financial burdens.
Distinguish from 减少
The key difference between 减免 and 减少 is specificity. 减免 is for financial obligations, while 减少 is a general decrease of any quantity. Don't say '减少税款', say '减免税款'.
Think 'Official Concession'
Whenever you see or hear 减免, think of it as an 'official concession' – a reduction or waiver granted by an authority or institution, not a simple discount from a shop.
Sentence Building Practice
Create your own sentences using 减免 with different financial items like 'rent', 'tuition', or 'fines'. This active practice solidifies your understanding and usage.
Cultural Significance
Understand that 减免 policies often reflect societal values of support, fairness, and economic management. They are typically viewed positively as acts of relief or assistance.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Imagine a government official (减) with a big knife (刀) cutting down a pile of money (representing taxes/fees). Then, they give the remaining money back to the people, saying 'You are exempt!' (免). So, you 'cut' the money and then 'exempt' the people from paying it all.
Associação visual
Picture a large 'X' (representing reduction or cancellation) superimposed over a stack of coins or a bill. Next to it, imagine a shield (representing exemption or protection from obligation). The 'X' signifies 减 (reduction), and the shield signifies 免 (exemption).
Word Web
Desafio
Try to create three sentences using 减免, each referring to a different type of financial obligation (e.g., taxes, rent, university fees). Ensure you use it correctly in a formal context.
Origem da palavra
The character 减 (jiǎn) means 'to subtract' or 'to reduce'. It's composed of the radical 刀 (dāo - knife) and 咸 (xián - all, salty), suggesting cutting away or diminishing. The character 免 (miǎn) means 'to exempt', 'to avoid', or 'to forgive'. It originally depicted a person bowing their head to avoid something, signifying an escape or release from obligation. Together, they form the concept of reducing or releasing from a financial burden.
Significado original: To subtract and be exempt/forgiven.
Sino-TibetanContexto cultural
When discussing 减免, it's important to be aware of the context. It's a formal term, so using it in casual conversation might sound out of place. It's associated with official concessions, so it carries a sense of authority and legitimacy.
In English, we use phrases like 'tax relief', 'fee waiver', 'rent reduction', or 'penalty abatement'. The Chinese term 减免 encompasses these specific meanings under one formal word.
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
Government announcements about economic stimulus or support for certain groups.
- 税款减免政策
- 费用减免措施
- 对...予以减免
University or school administrative communications regarding tuition fees.
- 学费减免
- 申请学费减免
- 提供学费减免
Business and finance news reporting on company financial incentives or government policies.
- 租金减免
- 成本减免
- 实施减免
Legal or contractual discussions about penalties or obligations.
- 罚款减免
- 债务减免
- 予以减免
Discussions about aid or support programs.
- 费用减免援助
- 提供减免
- 获得减免
Iniciadores de conversa
"Have you heard about the new tax reduction policy the government announced?"
"I'm wondering if there's any possibility of getting a reduction on my tuition fees."
"The news mentioned that small businesses are eligible for rent relief. Do you know how to apply?"
"If a company offers a 'fee waiver' for a project, what exactly does that mean?"
"What's the difference between a tax reduction and a tax exemption?"
Temas para diário
Describe a situation where you or someone you know benefited from a fee or tax reduction. What was the situation and what was the outcome?
Imagine you are a government official. What kind of reduction or waiver policy would you implement to help citizens during difficult economic times, and why?
Research a real-life example of a company or government offering '减免' for a specific product or service. What were the conditions and the impact?
How does the concept of '减免' reflect the values of fairness or support in society?
Compare and contrast the term '减免' with 'discount' (打折) and 'exemption' (豁免). When would you use each term?
Perguntas frequentes
10 perguntas减免 (jiǎnmiǎn) specifically refers to the reduction or waiver of financial obligations like taxes, fees, or penalties. It's a formal term used in official contexts. 减少 (jiǎnshǎo), on the other hand, is a general term meaning 'to decrease' or 'to reduce' any quantity, number, or intensity. For example, you might 减少 population, but you 减免 taxes.
You should use 减免 when referring to formal concessions on official financial obligations such as taxes, government fees, university tuition, or fines. 打折 (dǎzhé) is used for commercial discounts on goods and services, like clothes or electronics. 优惠 (yōuhuì) is a broader term for benefits or discounts, which can include commercial ones but is less formal and specific than 减免.
Not necessarily. While 减免 can mean a complete waiver, it often implies a reduction. The extent of the reduction or waiver is usually specified in the context or accompanying policy details. For instance, '学费减免' might mean a partial reduction in tuition fees.
Yes, 减免 can function as a noun, referring to the reduction or waiver itself. For example, '这项减免政策' (This reduction/waiver policy) or '申请减免' (Apply for reduction/waiver).
Commonly, taxes (税款), fees (费用), rent (租金), fines (罚款), loan interest (贷款利息), and tuition fees (学费) can be subject to 减免.
减免 is a formal word. It is typically used in official announcements, government documents, legal texts, and formal business communications. It is not commonly used in casual, everyday conversation.
The pronunciation is jiǎnmiǎn. Both characters have falling tones: 减 (jiǎn) has a 3rd tone (falling-rising, but often pronounced as a short falling tone in Mandarin) and 免 (miǎn) has a 4th tone (falling). The combination sounds like 'jee-en mee-en'.
Sure. For example: '政府宣布对进口的某些农产品实行关税减免。' (The government announced tariff reductions/waivers for certain imported agricultural products.) Here, 关税 (guānshuì) means tariffs.
You would say '申请税款减免' (shēnqǐng shuìkuǎn jiǎnmiǎn).
A very formal way is to use '予以减免' (yǔyǐ jiǎnmiǎn). For example: '符合条件者，我们将予以减免。' (We will grant reductions/waivers to those who meet the conditions.)
Teste-se 10 perguntas
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Summary
减免 (jiǎnmiǎn) is a formal term for reducing or waiving official financial obligations like taxes and fees, distinct from general decreases or commercial discounts.
- 减免 (jiǎnmiǎn) means to reduce or waive financial obligations like taxes and fees.
- It's a formal term used in official announcements and documents.
- Commonly applied to taxes, fees, rent, and penalties.
- Distinguish from 减少 (jiǎnshǎo - general decrease) and 打折 (dǎzhé - commercial discount).
Master the Tones
The word 减免 (jiǎnmiǎn) has two falling tones. Practice saying 'jiǎn' with a falling tone and 'miǎn' with another falling tone. This emphasis is crucial for correct pronunciation and understanding.
Formal Context is Key
Remember that 减免 is a formal term. Reserve it for official announcements, legal documents, or serious financial discussions. For everyday discounts, use '打折' or '优惠'.
Associate with Obligations
Whenever you encounter 减免, think of official financial obligations like taxes, fees, rent, or fines. This association will help you distinguish it from general decreases or commercial discounts.
Common Collocations
Familiarize yourself with common phrases like '税款减免' (tax reduction/waiver), '费用减免' (fee reduction/waiver), and '予以减免' (to grant reduction/waiver). These patterns will make sentence construction easier.
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