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B2 noun #3,700 最常用 9分钟阅读

خَلَل

khalal 前3,700

开始练习例句笔记与提示 خَلَل 30秒了解

解析 خَلَل in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'khalal' very often, as it is a bit advanced. However, it is good to recognize it as a word for 'a problem' with a machine. Imagine your computer stops working. You might hear someone say there is a 'khalal'. At this stage, just think of it as a formal way to say 'something is wrong'. You can use it in very simple sentences like 'There is a khalal in my phone' (هناك خلل في هاتفي). It's like saying 'My phone has a glitch'. You don't need to worry about the complex grammar yet. Just remember that it is a noun and it usually comes with the word 'fī' (in) to show where the problem is. For example, 'khalal fī al-kumbīūtar' (a problem in the computer). This will help you understand basic technical issues if you are in an Arabic-speaking country and need to get something fixed. It's a useful 'emergency' word for when things aren't working right.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'khalal' to describe simple malfunctions in everyday objects. You are moving beyond just saying 'broken' (maksūr) and starting to describe internal problems. If your internet is not working, you can say 'khalal fī al-internet'. This shows you understand that the internet isn't physically 'broken' like a glass, but has a technical issue. You should also learn the common phrase 'khalal fanni' (technical glitch). This is very common in daily life. You might see it on a screen at the airport or on a website. At this level, you should be able to use 'khalal' as a subject in a sentence, like 'Al-khalal kabīr' (The defect is big). You are beginning to see how Arabic uses specific words for different types of problems, and 'khalal' is your first step into technical vocabulary. It's a great word to use when talking to a repairman or a teacher about why something isn't working.

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By B1, you should be comfortable using 'khalal' in both technical and slightly more abstract contexts. You can use it to describe not just broken machines, but also problems in a plan or a schedule. For example, if a project is failing, you might say 'There is a khalal in the plan' (هناك خلل في الخطة). You should also start noticing how it's used in news headlines. You'll see it used for 'security breaches' (khalal amni) or 'structural problems'. At this level, you should be able to use adjectives with it correctly, matching the masculine gender. You might say 'khalal wādih' (an obvious flaw) or 'khalal basīt' (a simple glitch). You are also learning that 'khalal' suggests a 'gap' or 'imbalance'. This understanding helps you when you read more complex texts. You can start using it in your writing to sound more professional. Instead of saying 'the system is bad', you can say 'there is a defect in the system', which sounds much more mature and precise in Arabic.

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At the B2 level, which is where this word is officially categorized, you should use 'khalal' with nuance. You understand that it refers to systemic failures and imbalances. You can use it in academic discussions, business reports, and social critiques. For instance, you can discuss 'khalal fī al-mīzāniyyah' (a deficit/imbalance in the budget) or 'khalal haykalī' (a structural defect). You should be able to distinguish 'khalal' from its synonyms like ''ayb' or ''atal'. You know that 'khalal' is about the internal logic or function of a system. You can also use the related verb 'khalla' or the form VIII 'ikhtalla' (to be disturbed/imbalanced). At this stage, you should be able to explain *why* something is a 'khalal' rather than just a 'khata' (mistake). Your sentences should be more complex, perhaps using the word to link causes and effects: 'The technical defect led to the cancellation of the mission.' This level of mastery allows you to participate in professional environments where precise language is required to diagnose and solve problems.

At the C1 level, you use 'khalal' as a tool for deep analysis. You are aware of its etymological roots in the concept of 'gaps' and 'interstices' and can use this to your advantage in literary or philosophical discussions. You might use it to describe a 'khalal' in someone's character or a 'khalal' in the fabric of society. You are comfortable with the plural forms and related derivations like 'takhallul' (penetration/permeation). You can use the word to describe subtle imbalances in power or logic. Your usage is sophisticated; you might write about the 'khalal' in a legal argument that allowed a defendant to go free. You also understand the cultural weight of the word—how it implies a loss of 'tawazun' (balance), which is a highly valued concept in Arabic thought. At this level, 'khalal' is not just a word for a bug in a computer; it's a way to describe any deviation from the natural or intended order of the universe.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'khalal' is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. You can use it in high-level political discourse, classical literary analysis, and complex scientific reporting. You understand the most obscure collocations and can play with the word's meaning in creative writing. You might use it to describe the 'khalal' in a poetic meter or the 'khalal' in an ancient manuscript's physical state. You are also aware of how the word has been used historically in Islamic jurisprudence or classical philosophy to describe flaws in reasoning or evidence. You can navigate the most dense technical manuals or philosophical treatises where 'khalal' is used to define the boundaries of what is 'sahih' (correct) and what is 'fāsid' (corrupt). For you, 'khalal' is a precise scalpel used to dissect the failures of any system, no matter how complex or abstract. You use it with total confidence, knowing exactly which synonym to avoid and which adjective will provide the perfect shade of meaning.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

خَلَل 30秒了解

A formal noun meaning defect, flaw, or malfunction.
Commonly used in technical, economic, and social contexts.
Implies an internal system failure rather than external damage.
Essential for professional, academic, and news-related Arabic.

The Arabic word خَلَل (khalal) is a sophisticated and versatile noun that primarily denotes a defect, flaw, or malfunction within a structured entity. At its core, the word originates from the root Kh-L-L, which historically refers to the gaps or spaces between things. In modern usage, this concept of a 'gap' has evolved to signify any deviation from the ideal or intended state of a system, whether that system is mechanical, logical, social, or biological. When you use the word خَلَل, you are not just saying something is 'broken' in a generic sense; you are implying that there is an internal inconsistency or a breakdown in the harmony of parts that should work together. It is the 'glitch' in the software, the 'imbalance' in the economy, and the 'defect' in the manufacturing process.

Technical Context: In the world of engineering and IT, خَلَل is the standard term for a bug or a malfunction. If a server goes down or a car engine starts making a strange noise, an engineer would look for the khalal. It suggests a specific point of failure that needs diagnostic attention. For example, خلل فني (technical defect) is a phrase you will see on news tickers when a website is down or a flight is delayed.
Social and Economic Context: Beyond machines, the word is used to describe systemic issues in society. Economists speak of خلل هيكلي (structural imbalance) to describe a situation where a country's imports far exceed its exports, or where there is a mismatch between education and the job market. It implies that the 'structure' of the system has a fundamental flaw that prevents it from reaching equilibrium.
Medical and Psychological Context: In medicine, specifically mental health or neurology, خَلَل describes a functional disorder. خلل عقلي refers to a mental disturbance or imbalance. It is a formal way to discuss health issues that involve a departure from normal cognitive or physical functioning without necessarily using stigmatizing language.

أدى خَلَل في المحرك إلى توقف السيارة فجأة في منتصف الطريق السريع.
Translation: A defect in the engine caused the car to stop suddenly in the middle of the highway.

هناك خَلَل واضح في توزيع الثروات بين طبقات المجتمع.
Translation: There is a clear imbalance in the distribution of wealth among social classes.

Furthermore, the word appears frequently in legal and security contexts. A خلل أمني (security breach or flaw) suggests that the protective measures in place had a gap that allowed for a violation. In essence, whenever there is a 'break' in the expected pattern or a 'weak link' in a chain of events, خَلَل is the most appropriate term to employ. It invites the listener to think about the 'why' and 'where' of the problem, rather than just the fact that a problem exists. Understanding this word allows you to navigate technical manuals, news reports, and high-level social critiques in Arabic with much greater ease.

Mastering the use of خَلَل requires understanding its grammatical behavior as a noun and its common pairings with adjectives. It is almost always used to identify a specific type of failure. In most sentences, it acts as the subject or the object of a verb related to discovery (like kashafa - revealed) or repair (like aslaha - fixed). Because it is a masculine noun, any adjectives following it must also be masculine. The plural form is خِلال (khilal), though in modern standard Arabic, the plural اختلالات (ikhtilalat) is often preferred when discussing multiple systemic imbalances.

Identifying the Source: When you want to say 'a defect in [something]', you use the preposition fī (في). For example: خلل في النظام (a defect in the system). This is the most common sentence pattern. You identify the location of the 'gap' or 'flaw' immediately after the word.
Describing the Severity: Adjectives like basit (simple/minor), khatir (serious/dangerous), or wādih (obvious) are frequently used with khalal. Example: كشف الفحص عن خلل خطير (The inspection revealed a serious defect). This adds a layer of evaluation to the diagnostic nature of the word.

يجب علينا إصلاح هذا الـ خَلَل قبل إطلاق المنتج الجديد.
Translation: We must fix this defect before launching the new product.

هل تعتقد أن هناك خَلَلًا في منطق هذه الحجة؟
Translation: Do you think there is a flaw in the logic of this argument?

العلماء يحاولون فهم الـ خَلَل الجيني المسبب للمرض.
Translation: Scientists are trying to understand the genetic defect causing the disease.

When writing formally, you can use خَلَل to describe organizational failures. For example, in a business report, you might write: تسبب الخلل الإداري في خسائر مالية (The administrative malfunction caused financial losses). This phrasing is much more professional than saying 'the manager made a mistake.' It points to the 'process' or 'system' as the source of the issue, which is a hallmark of objective professional Arabic. By integrating this word into your vocabulary, you transition from basic communication to nuanced, descriptive analysis.

You will encounter the word خَلَل in a variety of real-world scenarios, ranging from the mundane to the highly specialized. It is a staple of news broadcasts, technical support conversations, and academic lectures. Because it bridges the gap between everyday problems and technical failures, its frequency in modern media is very high. If you listen to an Arabic news channel like Al Jazeera or Al Arabiya, you will likely hear it within the first thirty minutes, especially during segments on technology, the economy, or security.

On the News: Journalists use khalal to describe events objectively. If a power grid fails, the headline will read: خلل في شبكة الكهرباء (A defect in the electricity grid). If a political treaty is falling apart, they might mention a خلل في التوازنات الإقليمية (an imbalance in regional balances). It provides a neutral, descriptive tone that avoids placing immediate blame while acknowledging a significant problem.
In the Workplace: If you work in an office environment in the Arab world, your IT department will use this word constantly. If the internet is slow, they might say هناك خلل في الاتصال (There is a glitch in the connection). It is the polite way to say things aren't working as they should without necessarily implying that someone broke them on purpose.

اعتذرت الشركة عن الـ خَلَل التقني الذي أصاب تطبيقها صباح اليوم.
Translation: The company apologized for the technical glitch that affected its app this morning.

أشار التقرير إلى وجود خَلَل في إجراءات السلامة داخل المصنع.
Translation: The report indicated the existence of a flaw in the safety procedures inside the factory.

In academic and philosophical circles, خَلَل is used to critique arguments or theories. A professor might point out a خلل في المنهجية (a flaw in the methodology). This usage highlights the word's ability to transition from the physical world to the world of abstract ideas. Whether you are reading a manual for a dishwasher or a treatise on social justice, خَلَل is the word that signals a point of failure that requires critical thinking and intervention.

While خَلَل is a versatile word, learners often make specific errors in its application, either by confusing it with similar-sounding words or by applying it to contexts where other terms are more natural. Understanding these pitfalls will help you sound more like a native speaker and ensure your meaning is clear in professional settings.

Confusing Khalal with Khala': A common mistake is confusing خَلَل (defect) with خَلاء (emptiness/void) or خَلا (except/past tense of 'to be empty'). While they share the same root letters, their meanings and grammatical roles are entirely different. Khalal is always a noun referring to a problem, whereas khala is often used as a preposition or a verb.
Overusing it for Human Errors: Another mistake is using خَلَل to describe a simple human mistake like a typo or a slip of the tongue. For these, ghalta or khata' are better. Khalal implies something deeper—a failure in the system or the 'logic' of the person's thinking. If you say someone has a 'khalal', it can sound like you are suggesting they have a mental disorder rather than just having made a mistake.

❌ Incorrect: فعلتُ خَلَلًا في الواجب المنزلي.
✅ Correct: ارتكبتُ خَطَأً في الواجب المنزلي.
Note: You 'commit a mistake' (khata'), but a 'defect' (khalal) 'exists' or 'occurs'.

Finally, be careful with the plural. While khilal is the dictionary plural, it is rarely used in modern speech because khilal also means 'during' or 'throughout'. To avoid confusion, most modern speakers and writers use the plural of the related word ikhtilal, which is ikhtilalat, when they want to talk about 'defects' or 'imbalances' in the plural. Stick to the singular khalal for most contexts to remain safe and clear.

Arabic is rich with synonyms for 'problem' or 'defect,' and choosing the right one depends entirely on the context. While خَلَل is specific to malfunctions and systemic gaps, other words emphasize different aspects of failure. Understanding these subtle differences will elevate your Arabic from functional to expressive.

Khalal vs. 'Ayb (عَيْب): While both can mean 'defect', 'ayb is often used for physical flaws in objects (like a scratch on a car) or moral/social shame. Khalal is more technical and functional. You would say a car has an 'ayb in its paint, but a khalal in its engine.
Khalal vs. 'Atal (عَطَل): 'Atal specifically means a 'breakdown' or 'stoppage'. If your car won't start at all, it's an 'atal. If it starts but runs poorly because of a sensor issue, it's a khalal. Khalal is the underlying cause, while 'atal is the resulting state of being out of service.
Khalal vs. Naqs (نَقْص): Naqs means 'shortage' or 'deficiency'. Use naqs when something is missing (like a shortage of vitamins or staff). Use khalal when everything is present, but it's not working correctly together.

Comparison:
1. خَلَل فني (Technical glitch - internal logic error).
2. عَيْب مصنعي (Manufacturing defect - physical flaw).
3. عَطَل مفاجئ (Sudden breakdown - stopped working).

In summary, خَلَل is your 'diagnostic' word. It points to the internal mechanism of a problem. If you are describing a situation where the gears of a system—whether literal or metaphorical—are not meshing correctly, خَلَل is the most precise and professional choice available in the Arabic language.

How Formal Is It?

正式

中性

非正式

Child friendly

俚语

趣味小知识

The word for vinegar (Khall) comes from the same root because it 'penetrates' the food it preserves. Similarly, a close friend (Khalil) is someone whose love has 'penetrated' your soul.

发音指南

UK /ˈxal.al/

US /ˈkʰɑːl.əl/

Primary stress is on the first syllable: KHA-lal.

押韵词

Jalal (جلال) Talal (طلال) Halal (حلال) Dalal (دلال) Malal (ملال) Balal (بلل) Zalal (زلل) Kalal (كلل)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'kh' as a simple 'k'.
Elongating the first 'a' to sound like 'khaaalal'.
Confusing the vowels with 'u' or 'i'.
Misplacing the stress on the second syllable.
Failing to pronounce the double 'l' sound clearly if it were present (though here it is two separate 'l's with a vowel between).

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Easy to recognize in news and technical texts.

写作 4/5

Requires knowledge of case endings and proper adjective agreement.

口语 3/5

Pronunciation of 'kh' is the main challenge.

听力 3/5

Distinctive sound, usually clear in formal speech.

接下来学什么

前置知识

مشكلة خطأ نظام آلة توازن

接下来学习

اختلال هيكلي تدارك معالجة تشخيص

高级

تخلل استئصال منظومة معياري انحراف

需要掌握的语法

Noun-Adjective Agreement

خلل (M) + فني (M)

Prepositional Phrases with 'fī'

خلل في النظام

Case Endings (Nominative)

يوجدُ خللٌ

Case Endings (Accusative)

أصلحتُ الخللَ

Case Endings (Genitive)

بسببِ الخللِ

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按水平分级的例句

هناك خلل في هاتفي.

There is a defect in my phone.

Simple 'There is' (Hunaka) structure.

الكمبيوتر فيه خلل.

The computer has a defect in it.

Using 'fīhi' (in it) to refer back to the computer.

هذا خلل بسيط.

This is a simple defect.

Adjective 'basit' follows the noun.

أين الخلل؟

Where is the defect?

Basic question structure.

الخلل في الساعة.

The defect is in the watch.

Definite noun 'Al-khalal'.

أنا أرى خللاً.

I see a defect.

Accusative case (khalalan) as the object of the verb.

لا يوجد خلل هنا.

There is no defect here.

Negative 'La yūjad' (There is not).

السيارة بها خلل.

The car has a defect.

Using 'biha' (in it - feminine) for the car.

حدث خلل فني في الطائرة.

A technical glitch occurred in the plane.

Verb 'hadatha' (occurred) is common with khalal.

هل يمكنك إصلاح هذا الخلل؟

Can you fix this defect?

Verb 'aslaha' (to fix).

الخلل في النظام الكهربائي.

The defect is in the electrical system.

Specific technical noun phrase.

وجدنا خللاً في المحرك.

We found a defect in the engine.

Past tense verb 'wajadna'.

هناك خلل في الصوت.

There is a defect in the sound.

Identifying the specific sense/area of failure.

التقرير يذكر وجود خلل.

The report mentions the existence of a defect.

Formal verb 'yadhkur' (mentions).

هذا الخلل يسبب مشاكل.

This defect causes problems.

Verb 'yusabbib' (causes).

أصلحتُ الخلل بسرعة.

I fixed the defect quickly.

Past tense with adverb 'bi-sur'ah'.

أدى الخلل التقني إلى توقف العمل.

The technical glitch led to the stoppage of work.

Phrase 'adda ila' (led to).

يوجد خلل في توزيع المهام.

There is a flaw in the distribution of tasks.

Abstract usage for management.

كشف الفحص عن خلل في البناء.

The inspection revealed a defect in the building.

Verb 'kashafa 'an' (revealed).

يجب معالجة الخلل قبل فوات الأوان.

The defect must be addressed before it's too late.

Passive-like structure 'yajib mu'alajat'.

هناك خلل واضح في هذه الحجة.

There is an obvious flaw in this argument.

Abstract usage for logic.

تسبب الخلل في خسارة كبيرة.

The defect caused a big loss.

Causal relationship.

نحن نبحث عن مصدر الخلل.

We are looking for the source of the defect.

Noun construct 'masdar al-khalal'.

الخلل ليس في الآلة بل في المستخدم.

The defect is not in the machine but in the user.

Contrastive structure 'laysa... bal'.

يعاني الاقتصاد من خلل هيكلي عميق.

The economy suffers from a deep structural imbalance.

Academic phrase 'khalal haykali'.

أشار الخبراء إلى خلل في توازن القوى.

Experts pointed to an imbalance in the balance of power.

Political context.

تم تدارك الخلل الأمني بسرعة.

The security breach was rectified quickly.

Formal verb 'tadaraka' (to rectify/catch up).

هذا الخلل الوظيفي يؤثر على الإنتاجية.

This functional malfunction affects productivity.

Adjective 'wadhifi' (functional).

يجب إصلاح الخلل في النظام التعليمي.

The flaw in the educational system must be fixed.

Social critique.

الخلل الجيني هو سبب هذا المرض.

The genetic defect is the cause of this disease.

Scientific context.

لاحظ المهندس وجود خلل في التصميم.

The engineer noticed the existence of a flaw in the design.

Verb 'lahadha' (noticed).

هناك خلل في المعايير المستخدمة.

There is a flaw in the standards used.

Abstract technical context.

تغلغل الخلل في مفاصل الدولة.

The defect/corruption has permeated the joints of the state.

Sophisticated verb 'taghalghala' (permeated).

يكمن الخلل في الرؤية الفلسفية للمشروع.

The flaw lies in the philosophical vision of the project.

Verb 'yakamunu' (lies/is hidden).

أدى هذا القرار إلى خلل في السلم الاجتماعي.

This decision led to a disturbance in social peace.

High-level social context.

لا يمكن تجاهل الخلل في هذه النظرية.

The flaw in this theory cannot be ignored.

Academic critique.

الخلل في الميزان التجاري يثير القلق.

The imbalance in the trade balance is raising concerns.

Economic terminology.

تم تشخيص الخلل النفسي بدقة.

The psychological imbalance was diagnosed accurately.

Medical/Psychological context.

يسعى القانون لمعالجة أي خلل في العقود.

The law seeks to address any flaw in the contracts.

Legal context.

ظهر خلل في التنسيق بين الوزارات.

A lack of coordination (defect in coordination) appeared between the ministries.

Administrative context.

إن الخلل الذي شابَ العملية الانتخابية قد قوض شرعيتها.

The defect that marred the electoral process has undermined its legitimacy.

Classical verb 'shāba' (to mar/taint).

تتضح معالم الخلل في البنية الفكرية لهذا النص.

The features of the defect in the intellectual structure of this text are becoming clear.

Literary analysis terminology.

لم يكن الخلل عرضياً، بل كان متجذراً في النظام.

The defect was not accidental, but rather deeply rooted in the system.

Philosophical/Systemic critique.

يستوجب هذا الخلل مراجعة شاملة للمنطلقات.

This defect necessitates a comprehensive review of the starting premises.

High-level academic language.

أفضى الخلل في المنظومة القيمية إلى أزمة هوية.

The flaw in the value system led to an identity crisis.

Sociological/Philosophical context.

الخلل في التقدير أدى إلى عواقب وخيمة.

The error in judgment (defect in estimation) led to dire consequences.

Formal narrative style.

ثمة خلل بنيوي يحول دون تحقيق التنمية.

There is a structural defect that prevents the achievement of development.

Advanced particle 'thamma' (there is).

الخلل في الرواية يضعف من مصداقيتها.

The flaw in the narrative weakens its credibility.

Critique of discourse.

近义词

عطل عيب اضطراب نقص قصور

反义词

صلاح كمال استقامة

常见搭配

خلل فني

خلل أمني

خلل هيكلي

خلل عقلي

خلل وظيفي

إصلاح الخلل

كشف الخلل

خلل في التوازن

خلل في النظام

تدارك الخلل

常用短语

خلل في الميزان

— An imbalance in the scales, often referring to justice or logic.

هناك خلل في ميزان العدالة.

خلل في الرؤية

— A defect in vision or a lack of clarity in a plan.

لديه خلل في الرؤية المستقبلية.

خلل في التنسيق

— A failure in coordination between parties.

فشل المشروع بسبب خلل في التنسيق.

بدون أي خلل

— Perfectly, without any glitches.

سارت العملية بدون أي خلل.

خلل في المعلومات

— An error or gap in the data provided.

هناك خلل في المعلومات الواردة.

خلل في الأداء

— A performance failure or inefficiency.

نلاحظ خللاً في أداء الموظفين.

خلل في التركيز

— A lack of focus or attention.

يعاني الطالب من خلل في التركيز.

خلل في الجينات

— A genetic mutation or defect.

المرض ناتج عن خلل في الجينات.

خلل في المعايير

— A double standard or flawed criteria.

هناك خلل في معايير التقييم.

خلل في القيادة

— A failure in leadership within an organization.

تعاني الشركة من خلل في القيادة.

容易混淆的词

خَلَل vs خلاء

Means emptiness or void; sounds similar but unrelated in meaning.

خَلَل vs خلا

Means 'except' or 'to be empty'; a preposition or verb, not a noun for 'defect'.

خَلَل vs خل

Means 'vinegar'; shares the root but contextually very different.

习语与表达

"خلل في الموازين"

— A complete shift or failure in the expected order of things.

الحرب أحدثت خللاً في الموازين الدولية.

Formal

"خلل في النسيج الاجتماعي"

— A breakdown in the social fabric or community bonds.

العنصرية تسبب خللاً في النسيج الاجتماعي.

Academic

"خلل في البوصلة"

— Losing one's direction or moral guidance.

السياسة الحالية تعاني من خلل في البوصلة.

Metaphorical

"خلل في موازين القوى"

— A shift in the geopolitical balance of power.

التحالف الجديد غير خلل موازين القوى.

Political

"خلل في العقل"

— Insanity or severe mental instability.

تصرفاته تدل على خلل في العقل.

Formal/Literary

"خلل في المنطق"

— A logical fallacy or flawed reasoning.

كلامك فيه خلل في المنطق.

Neutral

"خلل في التقدير"

— A miscalculation or poor judgment.

كان الخلل في التقدير مكلفاً للغاية.

Formal

"خلل في الحسابات"

— A mistake in planning or actual math.

وقع خلل في حساباتنا للميزانية.

Neutral

"خلل في التوزيع"

— Inequity in how resources are spread.

هناك خلل في توزيع الثروة.

Economic

"خلل في التواصل"

— A breakdown in communication.

المشكلة ناتجة عن خلل في التواصل بيننا.

Neutral

容易混淆

خَلَل vs عيب

Both mean defect.

'Ayb is often physical/moral; Khalal is systemic/functional.

A scratch on a car is an 'ayb; an engine failing is a khalal.

خَلَل vs خطأ

Both refer to things going wrong.

Khata' is a human mistake; Khalal is a system failure.

Typing '2+2=5' is a khata'; the calculator app crashing is a khalal.

خَلَل vs عطل

Both used for machines.

'Atal is a complete breakdown; Khalal can be a minor glitch or imbalance.

If the car stops, it's an 'atal; if it uses too much fuel, it's a khalal.

خَلَل vs مشكلة

Generic term for problem.

Mushkila is broad; Khalal is a precise diagnostic term for a flaw.

Having no money is a mushkila; the bank's database error is a khalal.

خَلَل vs نقص

Both imply something is wrong.

Naqs is a shortage (missing something); Khalal is a malfunction (something is there but wrong).

Missing a bolt is a naqs; the bolt being the wrong size is a khalal.

句型

هناك خلل في [الاسم]

هناك خلل في هاتفي.

حدث خلل [صفة] في [الاسم]

حدث خلل فني في الموقع.

أدى الخلل إلى [نتيجة]

أدى الخلل إلى توقف العمل.

يعاني [النظام] من خلل [نوع]

يعاني الاقتصاد من خلل هيكلي.

يكمن الخلل في [فكرة]

يكمن الخلل في منهجية البحث.

ثمة خلل [بنيوي] يحول دون [هدف]

ثمة خلل بنيوي يحول دون تحقيق العدالة.

كشف [الفحص] عن خلل

كشف الفحص عن خلل في الجهاز.

تم [تدارك] الخلل بـ [وسيلة]

تم تدارك الخلل بتحديث النظام.

词族

名词

动词

形容词

如何使用

frequency

High in news, medium in daily speech.

常见错误

Saying 'Ana khalal' for 'I made a mistake'. → Ana ارتكبتُ خطأً.
A person cannot be a 'khalal' in this way; it is something that exists in a system.
Using 'khala' (except) instead of 'khalal'. → هناك خلل في الجهاز.
'Khala' is a preposition; 'khalal' is the noun for defect.
Using feminine adjectives with 'khalal'. → خلل فني (not فنية).
'Khalal' is a masculine noun.
Confusing 'khalal' with 'khall' (vinegar). → أصلحتُ الخلل.
Context usually prevents this, but learners often mix up the short vowels.
Using 'khalal' for a physical break (like a broken leg). → كسر (kasr).
'Khalal' is for functional malfunctions, not physical snapping/breaking.

小贴士

Be Precise

Use 'khalal' when you want to sound like an expert diagnosing a specific problem rather than just complaining about one.

Gender Check

Remember that 'khalal' is masculine. Don't say 'khalal fanniyyah'; say 'khalal fanni'.

Economic Context

When reading about the economy, 'khalal هيكلي' (structural imbalance) is a key phrase to look for.

The 'Kh' Sound

Don't be afraid to make a rasping sound for the 'kh'. It's the most important part of the word's identity.

Balance is Key

Understand that 'khalal' is the enemy of 'tawazun' (balance), a core value in Arabic culture.

Professionalism

In a formal report, always prefer 'khalal' over 'mushkila' to describe internal failures.

News Triggers

When you hear 'khalal', pay attention to the word immediately after it; it defines the whole context (technical, security, etc.).

Gap Logic

Remember the root meaning 'gap'. A 'khalal' is a gap in the system where something went wrong.

Polite Reporting

Use 'yūjad khalal' (there is a defect) to report a problem without blaming a specific person.

Abstract Usage

Practice using 'khalal' for logic or arguments to reach a C1 level of expression.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Khalal' as a 'Hole-al'. A 'hole' in a system is a defect. If there is a hole in your logic, there is a 'khalal'.

视觉联想

Imagine a complex machine with a missing gear, leaving a 'gap' (khalal) that stops the whole thing from working.

Word Web

System Defect Glitch Gap Imbalance Failure Logic Technical

挑战

Try to find one thing in your house that has a 'khalal' (a glitchy TV, a leaky tap, or a slow computer) and describe it using the phrase 'Hunaka khalal fī...'.

词源

From the Semitic root Kh-L-L, which primarily means to pierce, penetrate, or create a gap.

原始含义： A gap or an opening between two things.

Semitic / Afroasiatic

文化背景

Calling a person 'mukhtall' (disturbed/having khalal) is a sensitive term for mental illness and should be used with clinical care.

English speakers might use 'glitch' for tech and 'imbalance' for society; Arabic uses 'khalal' for both, showing a unified view of systemic failure.

Used in modern Arabic literature to describe societal decay. Common in technical manuals translated into Arabic. Frequent in legal documents regarding 'contractual flaws'.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Technical Support

هناك خلل فني
كيف أصلح الخلل؟
كشف الخلل
توقف بسبب خلل

Economics

خلل هيكلي
خلل في الميزان التجاري
تدارك الخلل المالي
خلل في التوزيع

Medicine

خلل جيني
خلل وظيفي
خلل في الهرمونات
تشخيص الخلل

Politics/Society

خلل أمني
خلل في توازن القوى
خلل اجتماعي
خلل في المنظومة

Logic/Debate

خلل في الحجة
خلل في المنطق
كلامك فيه خلل
توضيح الخلل

对话开场白

"هل واجهت أي خلل فني في التطبيق الجديد؟"

"كيف يمكننا معالجة الخلل في تواصل الفريق؟"

"هل تعتقد أن هناك خللاً في النظام التعليمي الحالي؟"

"ما هو أخطر خلل يمكن أن يحدث في محرك الطائرة؟"

"كيف تكتشف الخلل في منطق الطرف الآخر أثناء الجدال؟"

日记主题

اكتب عن مرة واجهت فيها خللاً فنياً في وقت غير مناسب.

هل تعتقد أن هناك خللاً في الطريقة التي يقضي بها الناس وقتهم اليوم؟

صف خللاً هيكلياً تلاحظه في مدينتك وكيف يمكن إصلاحه.

تحدث عن أهمية التوازن وكيف يؤثر الخلل على حياتك الشخصية.

اكتب تقريراً قصيراً عن خلل أمني تخيلي في شركة كبرى.

常见问题

10 个问题

You can use it formally to describe a functional disorder (e.g., 'khalal عقلي'), but using it casually about a person can be offensive as it implies they are 'malfunctioning' or 'disturbed'.

'Khalal fanni' (technical glitch) is by far the most common, used in everything from IT to aviation.

It is a masculine noun, so adjectives like 'fanni' or 'wādih' must also be masculine.

You would say 'ladayya khalal' (literally: with me is a defect) or 'yūjad khalal fī...' (there is a defect in...).

Yes, 'ikhtalla' (to be imbalanced) is the most common related verb used in modern Arabic.

Literally and historically, yes, but in modern usage, it almost always means a functional or systemic defect.

'Khalal' is the noun for the defect itself; 'ikhtilal' is the state of imbalance or the process of becoming imbalanced.

The root is used, and the concept of 'khilal' (gaps) appears, though the modern technical sense is a later development.

It's better to use 'khata' matba'i' (printing error). 'Khalal' would imply the keyboard or software is broken.

In modern contexts, use 'ikhtilalat'. The classical plural 'khilal' is now mostly used as a preposition meaning 'during'.

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