استرداد
استرداد 30秒了解
- Istirdad means 'recovery' or 'refund' in Arabic.
- It comes from the root R-D-D, meaning 'to return'.
- It is commonly used for money, digital accounts, and legal rights.
- It is a formal noun, often appearing in business and tech.
The Arabic word استرداد (Istirdād) is a versatile and essential noun derived from the triliteral root ر-د-د (R-D-D), which fundamentally pertains to the act of returning, repeating, or pushing back. In its specific Form X (Istif'āl) pattern, the word conveys the sense of 'seeking to get something back' or the formal process of recovery and reclamation. It is not merely a casual 'return' (which would be rujū' or radd), but rather a deliberate, often official or technical, action to regain possession of something that was previously held but subsequently lost, taken, or given away temporarily.
- Financial Context
- In the world of finance and commerce, استرداد is the standard term for a 'refund' or 'repayment.' If you buy a product that is defective and you want your money back, you are seeking istirdād al-mablagh (recovery of the amount). It also applies to the redemption of bonds or the withdrawal of investments where the capital is returned to the owner.
- Digital and Technical Context
- In the modern era, this word is ubiquitous in IT. It refers to 'data recovery' or 'account retrieval.' When you click 'Forgot Password,' the process of getting back into your account is often labeled as istirdād al-hisāb. It implies a restoration of access that was blocked or forgotten.
- Legal and Political Context
- Legally, it refers to the reclamation of rights, property, or even the extradition of individuals. For instance, istirdād al-mujrimeen refers to the extradition of criminals between countries. It carries a heavy weight of authority and formal procedure in these settings.
تمت عملية استرداد البيانات بنجاح بعد انقطاع التيار الكهربائي المفاجئ عن المختبر.
The beauty of استرداد lies in its implication of 'rightful ownership.' You do not use this word for taking something new; you use it for something that belongs to you by right, law, or previous possession. Whether it is a stolen artifact being returned to its country of origin or a simple refund for a cancelled flight, the word emphasizes the restoration of the status quo ante—the state that existed before the loss occurred.
طلبت الشركة استرداد الضرائب التي دفعتها بالزيادة خلال العام الماضي.
Using استرداد correctly requires understanding its role as a verbal noun (Masdar). It often functions as the subject of a sentence, an object of a verb, or part of an Idafa (possessive) construction. Because it describes a process, it is frequently paired with verbs like tammat (was completed), talaba (requested), or hawala (tried).
- As a Subject
- When istirdād starts a sentence, it focuses on the action itself. For example: "The recovery of health takes time." In Arabic: Istirdād al-'āfiyah yastaghriqu waqtan.
- In Technical Requests
- In digital interfaces, you will see buttons labeled Istirdād al-Kalamah (Password Recovery). Here, it acts as a functional label. It is concise and professional.
هل يمكنني استرداد ثمن التذكرة إذا ألغيت الحجز الآن؟
One common structural pattern is [Noun] + [Istirdād] + [Target]. For instance, siyāsat istirdād al-amwāl (money refund policy). This construction is essential for business Arabic. When using the word, remember that it implies a 'from' (min) relationship: you recover something *from* someone or something.
يعمل المحامي على استرداد حقوق الموكل المسلوبة منذ سنوات.
You will encounter استرداد in specific professional and high-stakes environments. It is not a word usually used for returning a book to a friend (for that, you'd use i'ādah), but rather in the following domains:
- At the Bank or Mall
- When dealing with customer service, if a transaction fails, the clerk might say, "The amount will be returned to your account." They will use the term istirdād to signify the formal reversal of the transaction.
- On News Broadcasts
- News anchors use this word when discussing geopolitics. For example, "The government seeks the istirdād of historical artifacts from foreign museums." It conveys a sense of national dignity and legal right.
سأقوم بـ استرداد حسابي على فيسبوك عبر البريد الإلكتروني.
In a hospital setting, doctors might talk about istirdād al-wa'y (recovery of consciousness) after surgery. In this context, it describes a natural return to a previous state of being. It is an sophisticated way to describe 'waking up' in a clinical sense. Similarly, in sports, a commentator might mention a team's istirdād of its lead or its momentum after a period of poor performance.
تطالب الدولة بـ استرداد الآثار المنهوبة المعروضة في الخارج.
Even intermediate learners often confuse استرداد with other words that mean 'return.' Because Arabic has a rich vocabulary for movement and exchange, using the wrong 'return' can change the meaning of your sentence entirely.
- Confusing with 'I'ādah' (إعادة)
- I'ādah means simply putting something back where it was or repeating an action. If you return a book to the library, you use i'ādah. If the library lost your book and you finally got it back, you use istirdād. Istirdād implies effort and recovery of ownership.
- Confusing with 'Rujū'' (رجوع)
- Rujū'' is intransitive—it refers to a person returning to a place (e.g., returning home). Istirdād is transitive in its verbal form and always involves an object being recovered.
خطأ: أريد استرداد الكتاب إلى المكتبة.
صواب: أريد إعادة الكتاب إلى المكتبة.
Another mistake is forgetting the 'alif' at the beginning during pronunciation, or adding a 'hamza' where it doesn't belong. In Form X, the 'i' sound is a bridge; if you say a word before it, the 'i' disappears (e.g., wa-stirdād, not wa-istirdād). Beginners also sometimes use the verb istarda when they should use the noun istirdād. Remember: istirdād is the 'thing' or 'act,' while istarda is the 'doing.'
To truly master استرداد, you should know its synonyms and how they differ in 'flavor' and context. Arabic is famous for its precision, and choosing the right word for 'recovery' depends on what is being recovered.
- استرجاع (Istirjā')
- Very close to istirdād. While istirdād often implies getting something back from someone else, istirjā' is frequently used for recalling memories or retrieving data. They are often interchangeable in technical contexts, but istirdād feels slightly more formal and legalistic.
- استعادة (Isti'ādah)
- Focuses on 'restoration.' You use this for 'restoring' health (isti'ādat al-shifā') or 'restoring' balance. It implies bringing something back to its former glory or healthy state.
- تحصيل (Tahṣīl)
- Used specifically for 'collecting' money or debts. If a bank is collecting money owed, they use tahṣīl. If you are getting a refund for money you paid, you use istirdād.
المقارنة:
1. استرداد المال (Getting a refund).
2. استعادة القوة (Regaining strength).
3. استرجاع الذكريات (Recalling memories).
In a poetic or religious sense, you might hear the word Inābah or Irtidād, but these have very different meanings (repentance and apostasy, respectively). Stick to istirdād for tangible things, money, and legal rights. In modern business Arabic, istirdād is the gold standard for 'recovery' and 'refund.'
How Formal Is It?
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趣味小知识
The root R-D-D is one of the most productive roots in Arabic, giving us words for 'reply' (radd), 'hesitation' (taraddud), and even 'apostasy' (irtidād).
发音指南
- Pronouncing the initial 'Alif' with a hard 'A' like 'Astirdad'.
- Missing the double 'd' sound at the end in some dialects.
- Adding a 'Hamza' (glottal stop) at the start in formal writing.
- Confusing the 's' and 't' sounds.
- Shortening the 'aa' vowel.
难度评级
Easy to recognize in technical and business texts.
Requires remembering the Form X pattern and no hamza.
Pronunciation is straightforward once the root is known.
Clear phonetic structure makes it easy to hear.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Masdar of Form X
استرداد (Istirdād) follows the pattern 'Istif'āl'.
Alif al-Wasl
The 'i' in 'istirdad' is dropped after a vowel: 'wa-stirdad'.
Idafa Construction
استردادُ المالِ (The recovery of the money).
Transitivity
The verb 'istarda' takes a direct object.
Preposition 'bi'
Often used with 'tālaba' (to demand): 'tālaba bi-stirdād'.
按水平分级的例句
أريد استرداد مالي.
I want to get my money back.
Simple sentence: Verb + Noun + Possessive.
استرداد الحساب سهل.
Account recovery is easy.
Noun + Noun (Idafa construction).
كيف يمكنني استرداد هاتفي؟
How can I get my phone back?
Interrogative sentence using 'how'.
تم استرداد الحقيبة.
The bag was recovered.
Passive-style meaning using 'تم' + Masdar.
طلب استرداد سريع.
Fast recovery request.
Noun + Adjective.
هل هذا استرداد؟
Is this a refund?
Simple question.
شكراً على استرداد اللعبة.
Thanks for getting the toy back.
Preposition 'على' followed by the Masdar.
أريد استرداد كلمة السر.
I want to recover the password.
Common tech phrase.
سيتم استرداد المبلغ خلال يومين.
The amount will be refunded within two days.
Future tense with 'sa' + 'yattamu'.
فشلت عملية استرداد البيانات.
The data recovery process failed.
Verb 'fashala' (failed) + subject.
عليك كتابة طلب استرداد.
You must write a recovery request.
Use of 'alayka' (you must).
استرداد الصور المحذوفة ممكن.
Recovering deleted photos is possible.
Subject + Adjective.
أين أجد مكتب استرداد الضرائب؟
Where can I find the tax refund office?
Locational question.
هذا رابط استرداد الحساب.
This is the account recovery link.
Demonstrative pronoun.
ساعدني في استرداد محفظتي.
Help me recover my wallet.
Imperative verb + preposition 'fi'.
لا يمكن استرداد التذاكر المباعة.
Sold tickets cannot be refunded.
Negation 'la yumkin'.
تضمن الشركة سياسة استرداد واضحة.
The company guarantees a clear refund policy.
Verb + Object (Idafa).
بدأ المريض في استرداد عافيته.
The patient began to recover his health.
Metaphorical use for health.
تم استرداد السيارة المسروقة بالأمس.
The stolen car was recovered yesterday.
Passive construction.
نحتاج إلى استرداد الملفات القديمة.
We need to retrieve the old files.
Verb 'nah-tāj' + 'ilā'.
استرداد الحقوق يتطلب وقتاً.
Reclaiming rights requires time.
Abstract noun as subject.
هل يمكنني استرداد ضريبة القيمة المضافة؟
Can I get a VAT refund?
Specific economic terminology.
نجحنا في استرداد السيطرة على الموقع.
We succeeded in regaining control of the website.
Verb 'najaha' + 'fi'.
يرجى اتباع خطوات استرداد كلمة المرور.
Please follow the password recovery steps.
Formal request 'yurjā'.
طالبت المنظمة باسترداد الآثار المنهوبة.
The organization demanded the restitution of looted antiquities.
Verb 'tālaba' + 'bi'.
تم استرداد المجرم الهارب من الخارج.
The fugitive criminal was extradited from abroad.
Legal term for extradition.
يهدف القانون إلى استرداد الأراضي المغتصبة.
The law aims to reclaim usurped lands.
Formal legal language.
استرداد الوعي بعد التخدير استغرق ساعة.
Recovering consciousness after anesthesia took an hour.
Medical context.
تعمل الحكومة على استرداد الأموال المهربة.
The government is working on recovering smuggled funds.
Financial/Legal context.
يمكنك استرداد النسخة الاحتياطية من السحابة.
You can restore the backup from the cloud.
Technical terminology.
استرداد الثقة بين الطرفين أمر صعب.
Regaining trust between the two parties is difficult.
Abstract concept.
تعتمد الشركة على استرداد التكاليف بسرعة.
The company relies on recovering costs quickly.
Business strategy context.
تعد اتفاقيات استرداد المجرمين ركيزة للتعاون الدولي.
Extradition treaties are a pillar of international cooperation.
Academic/Legal tone.
يسعى الكاتب إلى استرداد هويته عبر اللغة.
The writer seeks to reclaim his identity through language.
Literary/Philosophical use.
إن استرداد السيادة الوطنية هو الهدف الأسمى.
The recovery of national sovereignty is the ultimate goal.
Political discourse.
تتطلب عملية استرداد الديون إجراءات قانونية معقدة.
The debt recovery process requires complex legal procedures.
Advanced business Arabic.
حاولت الدولة استرداد مكانتها الثقافية في المنطقة.
The state attempted to regain its cultural standing in the region.
Abstract geopolitical use.
يؤدي استرداد الغابات إلى تحسن المناخ.
Forest restoration leads to climate improvement.
Environmental context.
كان استرداد الأندلس حلماً يراود الشعراء.
The Reconquista was a dream that haunted poets.
Historical reference.
المحكمة أمرت باسترداد الحيازة للمالك الأصلي.
The court ordered the restitution of possession to the original owner.
Precise legal terminology.
يتجلى في الرواية صراع استرداد الذاكرة الجمعية.
The struggle to reclaim collective memory is manifest in the novel.
High-level literary analysis.
يحلل الباحث آليات استرداد الفائض الاقتصادي.
The researcher analyzes the mechanisms of economic surplus recovery.
Specialized economic theory.
إن استرداد الحقوق التاريخية لا يسقط بالتقادم.
The reclamation of historical rights is not subject to a statute of limitations.
Legal philosophy.
ناقش المؤتمر سبل استرداد الأصول المجمدة دولياً.
The conference discussed ways to recover internationally frozen assets.
Diplomatic terminology.
يمثل استرداد النفس من الاغتراب ذروة التجربة الصوفية.
The recovery of the self from alienation represents the pinnacle of the mystical experience.
Philosophical/Mystical context.
تتداخل مفاهيم استرداد الأرض مع مفاهيم الكرامة.
Concepts of land reclamation overlap with concepts of dignity.
Sociopolitical analysis.
استرداد التوازن البيئي يتطلب تكاتفاً عالمياً.
Restoring ecological balance requires global solidarity.
Environmental advocacy.
تطرق الخطاب إلى ضرورة استرداد المبادرة السياسية.
The speech touched upon the necessity of regaining the political initiative.
Political strategy.
常见搭配
常用短语
容易混淆的词
Simple return or repetition, not necessarily recovery of ownership.
The act of a person returning to a place.
Apostasy or bouncing back physically.
习语与表达
— To catch one's breath or take a break.
توقف العداء لاسترداد أنفاسه.
Literary/Common— To make up for lost time or opportunities.
يحاول استرداد ما فاته من دروس.
Neutral— To pay back a favor (rarely used, usually 'radd al-jameel').
يسعى لاسترداد الجميل.
Neutral— To take back the lead or initiative.
يجب علينا استرداد المبادرة في السوق.
Business/Military— Taking the law into one's own hands.
لا يجوز استرداد الحق باليد.
Legal/Social— To seek emotional closure or justice.
هذا الاعتذار هو استرداد لدين معنوي.
Philosophical容易混淆
Very similar meaning.
Istirja' is more common for data and memories; Istirdad is more common for money and legal rights.
استرجاع الذكريات vs استرداد الأموال.
Both mean recovery.
Isti'ada is used for health, power, or restoring a previous state/quality.
استعادة القوة.
Both involve getting money.
Tahsil is collecting debt; Istirdad is getting a refund of what you paid.
تحصيل الديون.
Basic root word.
Radd is the simple act; Istirdad is the formal process of seeking it back.
رد السلام vs استرداد الحق.
Used for 'returning'.
Irja' is giving something back; Istirdad is getting something back.
إرجاع البضاعة vs استرداد الثمن.
句型
أريد استرداد [اسم]
أريد استرداد مالي.
كيف يمكنني استرداد [اسم]؟
كيف يمكنني استرداد حسابي؟
تم [اسم] استرداد [اسم]
تمت عملية استرداد البيانات.
[اسم] يهدف إلى استرداد [اسم]
القانون يهدف إلى استرداد الحقوق.
تطالب [جهة] باسترداد [اسم]
تطالب الدولة باسترداد الآثار.
إن استرداد [اسم] يتطلب [اسم]
إن استرداد السيادة يتطلب تضحيات.
سياسة استرداد [اسم]
سياسة استرداد الأموال.
هذا [اسم] استرداد
هذا رابط استرداد.
词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
如何使用
Very common in business, tech, and news.
-
Writing 'أسترداد' with a hamza.
→
استرداد
Form X Masdars use Alif al-Wasl, which has no hamza.
-
Using 'istirdad' to mean 'returning home'.
→
ruju'
Istirdad is for getting objects or rights back, not for people moving.
-
Saying 'istirdad al-kitab' when giving a book to the library.
→
i'adat al-kitab
Istirdad is 'getting back', not 'giving back'.
-
Using the preposition 'ila' for the source.
→
min
You recover something 'from' (min) someone.
-
Confusing it with 'irtidad'.
→
istirdad
Irtidad means apostasy or backsliding.
小贴士
No Hamza
Never write a hamza on the Alif of 'istirdad'. It is a Form X Masdar.
Refunds
Always look for this word on receipts if you need your money back.
Passwords
This is the word you need if you are locked out of your Arabic email.
Antiquities
News about 'stolen artifacts' will always use 'istirdad'.
Extradition
In a legal news context, this word means sending a criminal back to their country.
Stress
Put the weight on the 'DAD' at the end.
Business
Use this word in formal complaints to sound more serious.
Root
Connect it to 'Radd' (return) to remember the core meaning.
VAT
Look for 'Tax Istirdad' at international airports.
Recovery
Use it to describe a patient waking up from surgery.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of 'Is-Tir-Dad'. 'Is' (like 'it is'), 'Tir' (like 'tear'), 'Dad' (like your father). If your Dad tears your toy away, you want 'Istirdad' (to get it back)!
视觉联想
Visualize a 'U-Turn' sign made of gold. It represents something valuable coming back to you.
Word Web
挑战
Try to find the 'Istirdad' button on an Arabic website like Amazon.ae or a local bank site.
词源
Derived from the Arabic triliteral root R-D-D (ر-د-د), which means to return, push back, or repeat.
原始含义: The Form X (Istif'āl) denotes a request or a seeking of the root action. Thus, it literally means 'seeking to have something returned.'
Semitic (Arabic).文化背景
Be careful when using it in political contexts (like 'Istirdad al-Aradi') as it can be emotionally charged.
In English, we use different words: refund (money), recovery (data), and restitution (art). Arabic uses 'Istirdad' for all of these.
在生活中练习
真实语境
E-commerce
- سياسة الاسترداد
- استرداد المبلغ
- طلب استرداد
- غير قابل للاسترداد
Information Technology
- استرداد الحساب
- استرداد كلمة المرور
- استرداد البيانات
- برنامج استرداد
Legal
- استرداد الحقوق
- استرداد المجرمين
- استرداد الأصول
- دعوى استرداد
Medical
- استرداد الوعي
- استرداد العافية
- سرعة الاسترداد
- مرحلة الاسترداد
Travel
- استرداد الضرائب
- استرداد التذاكر
- مكتب الاسترداد
- استرداد نقدي
对话开场白
"هل تعرف كيف يمكنني استرداد حسابي المخترق؟"
"ما هي سياسة استرداد الأموال في هذا المتجر؟"
"هل سبق لك أن طلبت استرداد الضرائب في المطار؟"
"كيف يمكننا استرداد حقوقنا في هذا المشروع؟"
"هل تعتقد أن استرداد الآثار المنهوبة أمر ممكن؟"
日记主题
اكتب عن موقف اضطررت فيه لطلب استرداد أموالك.
كيف تشعر عندما تنجح في استرداد شيء ثمين فقدته؟
ناقش أهمية استرداد الآثار التاريخية لبلدك.
صف عملية استرداد عافيتك بعد مرض طويل.
هل هناك شيء في ماضيك تود استرداده؟ ولماذا؟
常见问题
10 个问题Yes, in a commercial context, 'istirdad al-mablagh' is the standard way to say refund.
No, use 'i'adah' for that. 'Istirdad' implies you are getting the book back from someone else.
Yes, it is a formal and professional word used in business, tech, and law.
The verb is 'istarda' (he recovered/reclaimed).
You say 'istirdad al-hisab' (استرداد الحساب).
No, it is an Alif Wasl. If a word precedes it, the 'i' sound is skipped.
Yes, 'istirdad al-'afiyah' means regaining health.
The plural is 'istirdadat', but it is rarely used.
The root R-D-D is common, but this specific Form X noun is more modern/technical.
They are very close, but 'istirdad' is more common for tangible assets and money.
自我测试 180 个问题
Write a sentence asking for a refund for a broken phone.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence about recovering a lost Facebook account.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Explain 'istirdad al-bayānat' in your own words (in Arabic).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a formal request for a tax refund.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Describe a doctor's report about a patient regaining consciousness.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write about the importance of reclaiming national rights.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Create a slogan for a data recovery software.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a short dialogue between a customer and a shopkeeper about a refund.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'The recovery of the stolen car was a success.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence using 'istirdad al-anfas'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
How do you say 'non-refundable deposit' in Arabic?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence about the restitution of artifacts.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'Password recovery steps'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence about regaining confidence.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'Asset recovery process'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence using the verb 'istarda'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'Extradition treaty'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence about recovering from a financial loss.
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Translate: 'Refund policy'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence about restoring balance.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Pronounce: استرداد
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Say: 'I want a refund.'
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Say: 'Account recovery link.'
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Say: 'Regaining health.'
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Explain why you need a refund (in Arabic).
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Say: 'Data recovery process.'
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你说的:
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Say: 'Tax refund office.'
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你说的:
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Say: 'Extradition treaty.'
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你说的:
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Say: 'Catching my breath.'
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你说的:
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Say: 'Reclaiming rights.'
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Say: 'Refund policy.'
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你说的:
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Say: 'Recovering consciousness.'
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Say: 'Password recovery code.'
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Say: 'Non-refundable.'
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你说的:
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Say: 'Recovering stolen property.'
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Say: 'Historical restitution.'
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Say: 'Regaining trust.'
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Say: 'Asset recovery.'
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你说的:
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Say: 'Recovering the initiative.'
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Say: 'Recovery of the economy.'
Read this aloud:
你说的:
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Transcribe: 'أريد استرداد مالي.'
Transcribe: 'سياسة الاسترداد واضحة.'
Transcribe: 'استرداد الوعي استغرق وقتاً.'
Transcribe: 'تم استرداد البيانات بنجاح.'
Transcribe: 'استرداد الحقوق واجب.'
Listen and identify the context: 'استرداد كلمة المرور'.
Listen and identify the context: 'استرداد الضرائب'.
Listen and identify the context: 'استرداد المجرمين'.
Listen and identify the context: 'استرداد الأنفاس'.
Listen and identify the context: 'استرداد العافية'.
Listen and identify the context: 'استرداد الأصول'.
Listen and identify the context: 'استرداد الحساب'.
Transcribe: 'غير قابل للاسترداد.'
Transcribe: 'رقم الاسترداد هو 123.'
Transcribe: 'تطالب الدولة باسترداد الآثار.'
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Istirdad (استرداد) is your go-to word for any situation where you are getting something back that rightfully belongs to you. Whether you are asking for a refund (istirdād al-mablagh) or recovering a password (istirdād kalamah al-sirr), it implies a formal process of restoration.
- Istirdad means 'recovery' or 'refund' in Arabic.
- It comes from the root R-D-D, meaning 'to return'.
- It is commonly used for money, digital accounts, and legal rights.
- It is a formal noun, often appearing in business and tech.
No Hamza
Never write a hamza on the Alif of 'istirdad'. It is a Form X Masdar.
Refunds
Always look for this word on receipts if you need your money back.
Passwords
This is the word you need if you are locked out of your Arabic email.
Antiquities
News about 'stolen artifacts' will always use 'istirdad'.
例句
يمكنك استرداد أموالك في غضون أسبوع.
相关内容
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B1它的意思是以诚实、正确且无偏见的方式行事。
عاجز
B1形容某人或某物缺乏做某事的力量或能力。
إعلانات
A2旨在告知或说服人们关于产品、服务或活动的公开公告或信息,通常是商业性的。
إعلاني
B1与广告有关的或由广告组成的。
عالج
A2它用于处理问题、解决问题或提供医疗护理。
أعلن
A2告知人们一些信息,通常是官方或公开的。
عالي الجودة
B1指品质非常优秀,优于一般水平。
عامةً
B1通常 (Tōngcháng).
عامَةً
B1通常意味着在大多数情况下或对大多数人而言。
أعمال
B1指人们所从事的工作,如职业或商业活动。