A2 Verb Forms 1 min read 简单

Reflexive 'Si' (Indirect)

标记为已学
开始练习

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'si' when the action benefits yourself or involves your own body parts.

  • Use 'si' for actions done to oneself: 'Koupil jsem si auto' (I bought myself a car).
  • Use 'si' with body parts: 'Čistím si zuby' (I am cleaning my teeth).
  • Use 'si' for mental processes: 'Myslím si, že...' (I think that...).
Subject + Verb + si + (Object)

Meanings

The particle 'si' is the dative form of the reflexive pronoun 'se'. It indicates that the subject is the recipient of the action or that the action is performed for the subject's own benefit.

1

Benefactive

Doing something for oneself.

“Koupil jsem si knihu.”

“Uvařím si čaj.”

2

Body Parts

Actions involving one's own body.

“Čistím si zuby.”

“Myju si ruce.”

3

Mental/Internal

Internal thoughts or states.

“Myslím si to.”

“Říkám si, že je to hezké.”

Reflexive 'si' Placement

Subject Verb Particle Object
Já kupuji si auto
Ty kupuješ si auto
On/Ona kupuje si auto
My kupujeme si auto
Vy kupujete si auto
Oni kupují si auto

Reference Table

Reference table for Reflexive 'Si' (Indirect)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Subj + Verb + si Dám si čaj.
Negative Subj + ne-Verb + si Nedám si čaj.
Question Verb + si + Subj? Dáš si čaj?
Past Subj + Verb-l + si Dal jsem si čaj.
Future Subj + budu + si + Inf Budu si dávat čaj.
Imperative Verb-si Dej si!

正式程度

正式
Dopřeji si šálek kávy.

Dopřeji si šálek kávy. (Ordering in a cafe)

中性
Dám si kávu.

Dám si kávu. (Ordering in a cafe)

非正式
Dám si kafe.

Dám si kafe. (Ordering in a cafe)

俚语
Dám si bůra.

Dám si bůra. (Ordering in a cafe)

The 'si' Universe

si

Body

  • zuby teeth
  • ruce hands

Benefit

  • koupit to buy
  • uvařit to cook

Mental

  • myslet to think
  • představit to imagine
免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

1

Dám si kávu.

I will have a coffee.

2

Koupím si auto.

I will buy myself a car.

3

Půjčím si knihu.

I will borrow a book.

4

Uvařím si čaj.

I will make myself tea.

1

Čistím si zuby.

I am brushing my teeth.

2

Myju si ruce.

I am washing my hands.

3

Češu si vlasy.

I am combing my hair.

4

Myslím si, že je to dobré.

I think that it is good.

1

Představuji si to jinak.

I imagine it differently.

2

Říkám si, jestli přijde.

I am wondering if he will come.

3

Vzal jsem si dovolenou.

I took a vacation.

4

Zvykám si na nové město.

I am getting used to the new city.

1

Zahrál jsem si fotbal.

I played some football.

2

Postavil jsem si dům.

I built myself a house.

3

Vybírám si z nabídky.

I am choosing from the offer.

4

Slibuji si od toho hodně.

I expect a lot from this.

1

Dopřál jsem si luxusní večeři.

I treated myself to a luxury dinner.

2

Uvědomuji si vážnost situace.

I realize the seriousness of the situation.

3

Vymínil jsem si podmínky.

I stipulated the conditions.

4

Získal jsem si jeho důvěru.

I gained his trust.

1

Vzal si to k srdci.

He took it to heart.

2

Pohrávám si s myšlenkou.

I am toying with the idea.

3

Vychoval jsem si ho.

I raised him (as my protégé).

4

Zjednal jsem si pořádek.

I restored order.

容易混淆

Reflexive 'Si' (Indirect) 对比 se vs si

Learners mix up direct and indirect objects.

Reflexive 'Si' (Indirect) 对比 si vs zero

Learners omit 'si' when it's required for the verb.

Reflexive 'Si' (Indirect) 对比 si vs personal pronouns

Using 'mi' instead of 'si'.

常见错误

✗

Myju ruce.

✓

Myju si ruce.

Missing the reflexive pronoun for body parts.
✗

Koupil auto.

✓

Koupil si auto.

Missing the benefactive 'si'.
✗

Dám kávu.

✓

Dám si kávu.

Missing 'si' in ordering.
✗

Čistím zuby.

✓

Čistím si zuby.

Missing 'si' for grooming.
✗

Myslím, že...

✓

Myslím si, že...

Missing 'si' with 'myslet'.
✗

Půjčil peníze.

✓

Půjčil si peníze.

Ambiguous without 'si'.
✗

Představuji to.

✓

Představuji si to.

Missing 'si' with 'představit'.
✗

Zvykám na to.

✓

Zvykám si na to.

Missing 'si' with 'zvykat'.
✗

Vzal dovolenou.

✓

Vzal si dovolenou.

Missing 'si' for personal benefit.
✗

Slibuji hodně.

✓

Slibuji si hodně.

Missing 'si' for expectation.
✗

Uvědomuji vážnost.

✓

Uvědomuji si vážnost.

Missing 'si' with 'uvědomovat'.
✗

Vymínil podmínky.

✓

Vymínil si podmínky.

Missing 'si' with 'vymínit'.
✗

Pohrávám s myšlenkou.

✓

Pohrávám si s myšlenkou.

Missing 'si' with 'pohrávat'.

句型

Dám si ___.

Čistím si ___.

Myslím si, že ___.

Představuji si ___.

Real World Usage

Ordering food constant

Dám si pizzu.

Social media very common

Užívám si dovolenou!

Job interview common

Představuji si svou roli takto.

Travel common

Půjčím si auto.

Texting constant

Myslím si, že jo.

Health advice common

Myjte si ruce.

免费注册查看所有例句
💡

The 'For Me' Test

If you can add 'for myself' to the English sentence, you need 'si' in Czech.
⚠️

Don't skip it!

Omitting 'si' makes your Czech sound like you are performing the action on someone else.
🎯

Body Parts

Always use 'si' with body parts. It's the standard way to talk about grooming.
💬

Natural Sounding

Using 'si' correctly is the fastest way to sound like a native speaker.

Smart Tips

Always add 'si' to 'dát' (to give/have).

Dám kávu. → Dám si kávu.

Use 'si' for every grooming action.

Čistím zuby. → Čistím si zuby.

Use 'si' with 'myslet'.

Myslím, že je to dobré. → Myslím si, že je to dobré.

Use 'si' with 'dát za cíl'.

Dám za cíl... → Dávám si za cíl...

发音

si [sɪ]

Stress

'si' is a clitic and is never stressed.

Statement

Dám si kávu ↘

Neutral declarative

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'si' as 'Self-Interest'. If the action serves your interest, add 'si'.

视觉联想

Imagine a mirror. When you look at yourself, you see 'se'. When you hand yourself a gift, you use 'si'.

Rhyme

When the action is for me, 'si' is where it ought to be.

Story

Petr is hungry. He cooks for himself (uvaří si). He brushes his teeth (čistí si zuby). He thinks to himself (myslí si), 'This is a good day'.

Word Web

myslet sidát sikoupit sičistit sipůjčit sipředstavit si

挑战

Spend 5 minutes describing your morning routine using 'si' for every action.

文化笔记

Using 'si' is a sign of good command of the language. It shows you understand the personal nature of actions.

Derived from the Proto-Slavic reflexive pronoun *sę (accusative) and *sebě (dative).

对话开场白

“

Co si dáš k pití?

“

Co si myslíš o tomto filmu?

“

Co si představuješ pod pojmem úspěch?

“

Jaké cíle si dáváš pro příští rok?

日记主题

Write about your morning routine.
What did you buy yourself recently?
What are your thoughts on the current weather?
Describe a goal you set for yourself.
Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct reflexive pronoun.

Dávám ___ kávu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: si
It's for my benefit.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Čistím si zuby.
Body parts require 'si'.
Correct the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Myslím, že je to hezké.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Myslím si, že je to hezké.
The verb 'myslet' requires 'si'.
Transform to reflexive. Sentence Transformation

Kupuji auto. (for myself)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kupuji si auto.
Benefactive 'si'.
True or False? True False Rule

'si' changes based on the subject.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
'si' is invariant.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Co si dáš? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dám si čaj.
Ordering requires 'si'.
Order the words. Sentence Building

si / auto / koupil / jsem

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Koupil jsem si auto.
Standard word order.
Sort into 'se' or 'si'. Grammar Sorting

Which takes 'si'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Všechny
All these examples take 'si'.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the correct reflexive pronoun.

Dávám ___ kávu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: si
It's for my benefit.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Čistím si zuby.
Body parts require 'si'.
Correct the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Myslím, že je to hezké.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Myslím si, že je to hezké.
The verb 'myslet' requires 'si'.
Transform to reflexive. Sentence Transformation

Kupuji auto. (for myself)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Kupuji si auto.
Benefactive 'si'.
True or False? True False Rule

'si' changes based on the subject.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
'si' is invariant.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Co si dáš? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dám si čaj.
Ordering requires 'si'.
Order the words. Sentence Building

si / auto / koupil / jsem

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Koupil jsem si auto.
Standard word order.
Sort into 'se' or 'si'. Grammar Sorting

Which takes 'si'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Všechny
All these examples take 'si'.

Score: /8

常见问题 (8)

No, 'si' is invariant. It is always 'si' regardless of the subject.

It's the standard Czech way to show possession and personal involvement.

No, only with verbs where the action benefits the subject or involves the subject's body.

No, 'se' is for direct objects (reflexive), 'si' is for indirect objects (dative).

Your sentence might be understood, but it will sound unnatural or grammatically incorrect.

Yes, it is used in all registers, including formal writing.

Check a dictionary; reflexive verbs are usually marked as 'se' or 'si'.

No, 'si' always refers back to the subject of the sentence.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

免费注册开始练习

In Other Languages

Spanish high

se

Czech has two distinct forms, Spanish uses one.

French high

se

Czech differentiates dative and accusative reflexives.

German moderate

sich

German 'sich' is invariant for person/case.

Japanese low

jibun

Czech uses a clitic particle; Japanese uses a pronoun.

Arabic low

nafs

Arabic uses a noun-based approach.

Chinese low

zìjǐ

Czech uses a particle; Chinese uses a pronoun.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Reflexive 'Se' (Direct)

Related Grammar Rules

C2

Present Transgressive (Dělaje, Dělajíc)
A2

Reflexive 'Se' (Direct)
C2

Past Transgressive (Udělav, Udělavši)
Was this helpful?

评论 (0)

登录后评论
还没有评论。成为第一个分享想法的人！