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die Irritation

B1 noun #8,000 最常用 9分钟阅读

die Irritation

前8,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 die Irritation 30秒了解

解析 die Irritation in your Level:

At the A1 level, you probably won't use the word 'Irritation' yourself, as it is quite formal and abstract. However, you might see it in very simple medical contexts, like on a bottle of soap that says 'gegen Hautirritationen' (against skin irritations). At this stage, it is enough to know that it is a feminine noun ('die') and that it looks like the English word 'irritation'. If you feel confused in class, you would usually say 'Ich verstehe das nicht' (I don't understand that) or 'Ich bin verwirrt' (I am confused) rather than using 'Irritation'. Think of this word as a 'bonus' word that you might recognize because of its English cousin, but be careful not to use it for 'I am angry'.

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As an A2 learner, you are starting to build a vocabulary for feelings and physical states. You might encounter 'Irritation' when reading short texts about health or simple news snippets. You should learn that 'die Irritation' usually means something is 'not quite right' or 'confusing'. For example, if a teacher changes the homework at the last minute, it might cause 'Irritation'. You should also notice the plural form 'Irritationen'. At this level, try to distinguish between 'Ich bin sauer' (I am angry) and 'Das ist eine Irritation' (This is a confusion/disturbance). It's a great word to recognize in headlines to understand that there is some sort of 'trouble' or 'misunderstanding' happening.

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B1 is the level where 'die Irritation' becomes a very useful part of your active vocabulary. You are now expected to handle more nuanced social situations. You can use this word to politely point out that something is unclear: 'Es gab da eine kleine Irritation bezüglich der Uhrzeit.' This sounds much more sophisticated than saying 'You told me the wrong time'. You should also learn the common verb 'auslösen' (to trigger). 'Ihre Antwort hat bei mir Irritation ausgelöst' (Your answer triggered confusion in me). At B1, you must also master the 'false friend' aspect: remember that in German, 'Irritation' is about the brain being puzzled, while in English, it is often about the heart being annoyed.

At B2, you should be able to use 'Irritation' in professional and academic contexts. You understand that it is a 'high-register' word. You can use it to describe complex situations, like 'diplomatische Irritationen' or 'gesellschaftliche Irritation'. You should be comfortable using it with various adjectives like 'erheblich' (considerable) or 'vorübergehend' (temporary). You also understand the medical usage perfectly and can distinguish it from 'Reizung' or 'Entzündung'. At this level, you might use the verb 'irritieren' in the passive or as an adjective: 'Das ist ein irritierender Befund' (That is a confusing/disturbing finding). You use the word to add precision to your descriptions of social friction.

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By C1, you use 'die Irritation' with stylistic precision. You understand its role in 'Hecken-Sprache' (hedging)—using language to soften statements. Instead of saying a plan is 'falsch' (wrong), you might say it 'führt zu unnötigen Irritationen'. You are aware of the philosophical and aesthetic uses of the word, such as how a piece of literature uses 'gezielte Irritation' (targeted confusion) to engage the reader. You can navigate the subtle differences between 'Irritation', 'Verunsicherung' (making someone feel insecure), and 'Befremden' (a sense of alienation). Your use of the word is natural, and you never confuse it with the English 'annoyance' unless the context is specifically medical.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'die Irritation'. You can discuss its etymological roots and how its meaning has shifted in the German language compared to other Germanic or Romance languages. You might use it in legal or highly technical medical discourses. You understand how the word functions in 'Systemtheorie' (system theory) or sociology to describe a stimulus that forces a system to react or change. You can use the word in ironic or highly formal ways to criticize someone's behavior with extreme subtlety. For a C2 speaker, 'Irritation' is not just a word for a feeling, but a functional term for any discrepancy that disrupts a flow of information or a social structure.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

die Irritation 30秒了解

German 'Irritation' primarily means confusion or being unsettled, not anger.
It is a feminine noun: die Irritation, plural: die Irritationen.
Commonly used with the verb 'auslösen' (to trigger) or 'sorgen für' (to cause).
Also used in medical contexts for skin or nerve sensitivity.

The German word die Irritation is a fascinating linguistic specimen because it serves as a partial 'false friend' (falscher Freund) for English speakers. While it shares the same Latin root as the English word 'irritation', its primary meaning in everyday German leans significantly more towards confusion, bewilderment, or a sense of being unsettled rather than the pure 'annoyance' or 'anger' that the English word typically conveys. When a German speaker experiences an Irritation, they are often faced with something unexpected that disrupts their mental model of a situation. It is that split second of cognitive dissonance where one thinks, 'Wait, that doesn't make sense,' or 'Why did that happen?' This nuance is crucial for B1 learners to master, as using it solely to mean 'being annoyed' might lead to subtle misunderstandings in social contexts.

Cognitive Dissonance: In most social and professional contexts, die Irritation refers to the state of being puzzled or slightly disturbed by something that contradicts expectations. For example, if a normally punctual train arrives early, it might cause Irritation because the passengers' expectations were disrupted.
Medical Context: Similar to English, German uses this word in medicine to describe physical sensitivity or inflammation. A Hautreizung is more common for 'skin irritation', but Irritation is used in clinical descriptions of nerves or tissues responding to stimuli.
Diplomatic and Formal Usage: In politics, 'Irritationen' (plural) often describes diplomatic friction or misunderstandings between countries. It is a polite way to say things are not going smoothly without using harsh words like 'conflict' or 'argument'.

Seine plötzliche Kündigung löste bei den Kollegen große Irritation aus.

Translation: His sudden resignation caused great confusion among the colleagues.

The word's frequency increases in the B1 to B2 levels because it allows for a more nuanced description of feelings. Instead of just saying 'I am confused' (Ich bin verwirrt), which can sound a bit helpless or childish, saying 'Es herrscht eine gewisse Irritation' sounds more analytical and professional. It suggests that the situation itself is contradictory or poorly communicated. In a work environment, if instructions are unclear, you would describe the resulting state as Irritation. This word bridges the gap between a purely internal emotion and an external state of affairs. Understanding the plural form Irritationen is also vital, as it is frequently used to describe a series of misunderstandings or small glitches in a process. By recognizing this word, you gain insight into the German preference for precise, often slightly distanced, descriptions of social friction.

Using die Irritation correctly requires understanding its typical verbal partners (collocations). The most common verb used with this noun is auslösen (to trigger/to cause). You will often hear the phrase 'Irritation auslösen' in news reports or professional feedback. Another essential verb is führen zu (to lead to), as in 'Das führte zu Irritationen'. Because it is a feminine noun, you must always pay attention to the articles: die Irritation (nominative/accusative), der Irritation (genitive/dative). In the plural, it becomes die Irritationen across all cases except dative plural, where it remains den Irritationen.

The 'Sorgen für' Pattern: One of the most idiomatic ways to use the word is with the verb 'sorgen' and the preposition 'für'. 'Die neue Regelung sorgte für Irritation' (The new regulation caused confusion/unrest). This structure is very common in journalism.
Attributive Adjectives: Common adjectives that describe the intensity of the irritation include leicht (slight), erheblich (considerable), völlig (complete), and unnötig (unnecessary). For example: 'Es gab eine leichte Irritation bezüglich des Termins.'

Um weitere Irritationen zu vermeiden, sollten wir die Details jetzt klären.

Translation: To avoid further confusion, we should clarify the details now.

When you want to describe yourself as being in this state, you use the past participle of the related verb irritieren. 'Ich bin irritiert' means 'I am confused/taken aback'. Note that you rarely use the noun to describe your own momentary feeling in a casual way like 'Ich habe eine Irritation'. Instead, you describe the *effect* something had: 'Das hat bei mir Irritation ausgelöst'. This subtle shift in focus—from the person feeling the emotion to the event causing the state—is a hallmark of more advanced German communication. In formal writing, such as an email to a professor or a business partner, Irritation is a safe word to use when you want to point out an error or a contradiction without sounding accusatory. It frames the problem as a 'misunderstanding' or 'confusion' rather than a 'mistake' (Fehler) on their part.

You will encounter die Irritation in a variety of spheres, ranging from the evening news to the doctor's office. In the political and journalistic sphere, the word is indispensable. Spokespeople for the government often use it to describe diplomatic 'hiccups'. If a foreign leader makes a surprising statement, the headline might read: 'Aussagen aus Washington sorgen für Irritation in Berlin'. Here, it suggests a mix of surprise, confusion, and a need for clarification. It is a 'soft' word that allows diplomats to express that something is wrong without escalating the situation into a full-blown crisis.

In der Diplomatie können kleinste Gesten bereits große Irritationen hervorrufen.

Translation: In diplomacy, even the smallest gestures can cause great confusion/friction.

In the medical and cosmetic world, you will see it on product labels and in health advice. Creams for sensitive skin often promise to 'Irritationen lindern' (soothe irritations). In this context, it refers to redness, itching, or inflammation. This is where the German word perfectly overlaps with the English 'irritation'. If you visit a German pharmacy (Apotheke) and say you have 'eine Irritation am Auge', they will understand you have a physical ailment, not a cognitive misunderstanding. Context is king here.

The Arts and Criticism: In art reviews, Irritation is often seen as a positive thing. Modern art is supposed to 'irritate'—to challenge the viewer's perceptions and force them to think. An 'irritierendes Kunstwerk' is one that is provocative and unsettling in a meaningful way.
Workplace Communication: During meetings, if someone presents data that contradicts previous reports, a colleague might say: 'Das sorgt bei mir für eine gewisse Irritation, da die Zahlen vom letzten Monat anders waren.' This is a polite way of saying 'I think there is an error or contradiction here.'

The most pervasive mistake English speakers make with die Irritation is treating it as an exact synonym for 'annoyance' or 'anger'. In English, if someone is 'irritated', they are often on the verge of being 'mad'. In German, if you say 'Ich bin irritiert', you are telling the other person that you are confused or surprised by a discrepancy. If you use it when you are actually angry, you might sound much calmer or more confused than you intended. To express true annoyance, you should use words like Ärger (noun) or verärgert (adjective).

The 'Irritated' vs. 'Genervt' Trap: English: 'I am so irritated by his loud music!' -> German (Wrong): 'Ich bin so irritiert von seiner lauten Musik!' (Sounds like you don't understand how music works). -> German (Correct): 'Ich bin so genervt von seiner lauten Musik!'
Preposition Errors: Learners often struggle with which preposition to use. While 'über' (about) can be used, 'bezüglich' (regarding) or 'wegen' (because of) are often more precise in formal contexts. However, the most natural way to link it to a person is 'bei' + [Person]: 'Das löst bei mir Irritation aus.'

Falsch: Ich habe eine Irritation auf dich. (I am annoyed at you.)
Richtig: Ich bin verärgert über dich.

Another mistake involves the plural. While 'Irritation' can be uncountable in the sense of 'a state of confusion', it is very frequently used in the plural 'Irritationen' to refer to specific instances of misunderstanding. English speakers often stick to the singular because 'irritation' (annoyance) is often uncountable in English. In German, if there were several confusing points in a conversation, you should definitely use 'Irritationen'. Lastly, don't forget the 'i' in the middle—it's Irritation, not Irritat-ion (watch the pronunciation which stays close to the Latin/French origin with a German 'tion' suffix pronounced like 'tsyon').

To truly master the semantic field of die Irritation, you need to know its neighbors. Depending on whether you want to emphasize the confusion, the physical discomfort, or the social friction, different words might be more appropriate. Here is a breakdown of how Irritation compares to its synonyms and near-synonyms.

Irritation vs. Verwirrung: Verwirrung is 'confusion' in a broader, often more chaotic sense. If you are lost in a city, you are 'verwirrt'. Irritation is more specific—it is the confusion caused by a contradiction or something unexpected in a previously clear situation.
Irritation vs. Reizung: In medical contexts, Reizung is the standard German word for 'irritation' (e.g., Hautreizung). While Irritation is used, Reizung sounds more natural to a native speaker when talking about itchy skin or a sore throat.
Irritation vs. Verstörung: Verstörung is much stronger. It implies being deeply unsettled, shocked, or traumatized. Irritation is a mild, often intellectual disturbance, whereas Verstörung is emotional and profound.

Während eine Irritation oft durch Fragen gelöst werden kann, erfordert eine Verstörung meist Zeit zur Verarbeitung.

Translation: While an irritation can often be resolved through questions, a deep disturbance usually requires time to process.

In a professional setting, if you want to be extremely formal, you might use Unstimmigkeit (discrepancy/inconsistency). If a bank statement is wrong, you wouldn't say there is an 'Irritation' (which sounds like a feeling), but rather an 'Unstimmigkeit' (which sounds like a factual error). However, if the bank's *behavior* is what confuses you, then Irritation is perfect. Choosing the right word demonstrates that you understand not just the definition, but the 'vibe' of the German language—moving from general terms to specific, high-register vocabulary.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

While the English word evolved to mean mostly 'annoyance', the German word retained the sense of 'being thrown off balance' or 'cognitive stimulation'.

发音指南

UK /ɪʁitaˈtsioːn/

US /ɪʁitaˈtsioːn/

The primary stress is on the last syllable: Irrita-TION.

押韵词

Station Nation Aktion Reaktion Tradition Position Information Kommunikation

常见错误

Pronouncing 'tion' like the English 'shun'. It must be 'tsyon'.
Stress on the first syllable.
Making the 'r' too soft like in English.
Misgendering the noun (it is always feminine).
Confusing it with 'Irritabilität' (irritability).

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Easy to recognize due to English cognate, but requires context to understand the nuance.

写作 5/5

Requires knowledge of correct prepositions and gender.

口语 6/5

Pronunciation of '-tion' and avoiding the false friend trap are challenging.

听力 4/5

Common in news and professional speech.

接下来学什么

前置知识

verwirrt die Haut fragen verstehen neu

接下来学习

die Verunsicherung die Unstimmigkeit das Befremden die Provokation die Aufklärung

高级

die kognitive Dissonanz die Ambiguitätstoleranz die Systemtheorie

需要掌握的语法

Feminine nouns ending in -ion

Die Irritation, die Nation, die Produktion (all feminine).

Plural formation with -en

Die Irritation -> die Irritationen.

Dative plural 'n'

Mit den Irritationen (already ends in n, so no extra n).

Verbs with 'sorgen für' + Accusative

Er sorgt für eine Irritation.

Genitive with 'wegen'

Wegen der Irritation (formal) / Wegen der Irritationen.

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按水平分级的例句

Die Creme hilft gegen Irritation.

The cream helps against irritation.

Noun in the singular, accusative case.

Es gibt eine kleine Irritation.

There is a small confusion.

Feminine noun with the indefinite article 'eine'.

Ist das eine Irritation?

Is that a confusion/misunderstanding?

Simple question structure.

Ich sehe die Irritation.

I see the irritation (confusion).

Direct object in the accusative.

Keine Irritation, bitte!

No confusion, please!

Negation with 'keine'.

Die Irritation ist weg.

The confusion is gone.

Subject in the nominative.

Was für eine Irritation!

What a confusion!

Exclamatory sentence.

Die Haut hat eine Irritation.

The skin has an irritation.

Medical context.

Die falsche Adresse sorgte für Irritation.

The wrong address caused confusion.

Usage with 'sorgen für' + accusative.

Wir möchten keine Irritationen.

We want no confusions.

Plural form 'Irritationen'.

Es gab Irritationen beim Treffen.

There were confusions at the meeting.

Plural without an article.

Diese Nachricht löst Irritation aus.

This message triggers confusion.

Separable verb 'auslösen'.

Haben Sie eine Irritation bemerkt?

Did you notice a confusion?

Perfect tense question.

Die Irritation war nur kurz.

The confusion was only brief.

Adjective 'kurz' describing the duration.

Vermeiden Sie jede Irritation.

Avoid any confusion.

Imperative with 'Sie'.

Die Irritation der Augen ist schlimm.

The irritation of the eyes is bad.

Genitive plural 'der Augen'.

Seine Bemerkung führte zu großen Irritationen.

His remark led to great confusion.

Prepositional object 'zu' + dative plural.

Es herrscht eine gewisse Irritation im Team.

There is a certain confusion in the team.

The verb 'herrschen' (to prevail) is common with abstract nouns.

Um Irritationen zu vermeiden, klären wir das jetzt.

To avoid confusion, we are clarifying that now.

Final clause with 'um... zu'.

Die Irritation war deutlich spürbar.

The confusion was clearly palpable.

Adverbial use of 'deutlich'.

Ich verstehe Ihre Irritation vollkommen.

I completely understand your confusion.

Possessive pronoun 'Ihre'.

Das Plakat sorgte für öffentliche Irritation.

The poster caused public confusion.

Adjective 'öffentlich' (public).

Es gab eine Irritation bezüglich des Preises.

There was a confusion regarding the price.

Preposition 'bezüglich' + genitive.

Die Irritation legte sich nach dem Telefonat.

The confusion subsided after the phone call.

Reflexive verb 'sich legen' (to subside).

Die diplomatischen Irritationen hielten wochenlang an.

The diplomatic frictions lasted for weeks.

Subject in the plural with an adjective.

Das neue Gesetz löste erhebliche Irritationen aus.

The new law triggered considerable confusion/unrest.

Strong adjective 'erheblich'.

Trotz der Irritationen wurde der Vertrag unterschrieben.

Despite the confusions, the contract was signed.

Preposition 'trotz' + genitive.

Die Irritation rührte von einem Übersetzungsfehler her.

The confusion stemmed from a translation error.

Separable verb 'herrühren von' (to stem from).

Er konnte seine Irritation kaum verbergen.

He could hardly hide his confusion.

Modal verb 'können' with 'verbergen'.

Solche Irritationen sind in dieser Phase normal.

Such confusions are normal in this phase.

Demonstrative pronoun 'solche'.

Die Irritation der Nerven verursacht Schmerzen.

The irritation of the nerves causes pain.

Medical context, genitive construction.

Es kam zu einer Irritation des Marktes.

A market disturbance occurred.

Impersonal 'Es kam zu...'.

Die gezielte Irritation ist ein Mittel der modernen Kunst.

Targeted confusion is a tool of modern art.

Abstract noun as a subject.

Seine Worte ließen eine gewisse Irritation zurück.

His words left a certain confusion behind.

Verb 'zurücklassen' (to leave behind).

Die Irritation resultierte aus einer mangelnden Kommunikation.

The confusion resulted from a lack of communication.

Verb 'resultieren aus' + dative.

Man wollte jede unnötige Irritation der Wähler vermeiden.

They wanted to avoid any unnecessary confusion of the voters.

Genitive object 'der Wähler'.

Die Irritation war ein notwendiger Impuls für die Debatte.

The confusion was a necessary impulse for the debate.

Irritation as a positive catalyst.

Trotz anfänglicher Irritationen verlief das Projekt erfolgreich.

Despite initial confusions, the project proceeded successfully.

Adjective 'anfänglich' (initial).

Die Irritation über das Urteil war im Gerichtssaal greifbar.

The confusion about the verdict was palpable in the courtroom.

Preposition 'über' + accusative.

Eine Irritation des Gleichgewichtssinns kann Schwindel auslösen.

An irritation of the sense of balance can trigger dizziness.

Technical medical usage.

Die ontologische Irritation ist ein zentrales Thema seiner Texte.

Ontological confusion is a central theme of his texts.

Highly academic adjective 'ontologisch'.

Das Werk spielt mit der Irritation der Sehgewohnheiten.

The work plays with the confusion of viewing habits.

Complex genitive construction.

Irritation fungiert hier als systemischer Störfaktor.

Confusion functions here as a systemic disruptive factor.

Technical/Scientific register.

Die semantische Irritation erschwert die Textanalyse.

The semantic confusion complicates the text analysis.

Linguistic context.

Diese Irritationen sind immanenter Bestandteil des Prozesses.

These confusions are an immanent part of the process.

Adjective 'immanent' (inherent).

Die Irritation der Märkte durch geopolitische Spannungen ist enorm.

The disturbance of the markets by geopolitical tensions is enormous.

Complex noun phrase with multiple modifiers.

Es bedarf einer Klärung, um die Irritation zu beseitigen.

A clarification is needed to eliminate the confusion.

Formal 'Es bedarf' + genitive.

Seine Mimik verriet eine tiefe innere Irritation.

His facial expression betrayed a deep inner confusion.

Literary register.

常见搭配

Irritation auslösen

für Irritation sorgen

leichte Irritation

erhebliche Irritationen

diplomatische Irritationen

unnötige Irritationen

Irritationen beseitigen

zu Irritationen führen

Hautirritationen lindern

eine gewisse Irritation

常用短语

Es gab einige Irritationen.

— There were some misunderstandings or confusing moments.

Nach der Präsentation gab es einige Irritationen bezüglich der Kosten.

Das führt nur zu Irritationen.

— That will only lead to confusion or trouble.

Wenn du zwei verschiedene Termine nennst, führt das nur zu Irritationen.

Ohne jede Irritation.

— Without any confusion or disturbance.

Der Ablauf war ohne jede Irritation.

Eine Irritation vermeiden.

— To prevent a misunderstanding.

Bitte sei präzise, um eine Irritation zu vermeiden.

Bei jemandem Irritation hervorrufen.

— To cause someone to feel puzzled.

Seine Kleidung rief bei den Gästen Irritation hervor.

Gezielte Irritation.

— Intentional confusion (often in art or strategy).

Der Regisseur nutzt gezielte Irritation als Stilmittel.

Völlige Irritation.

— Complete bewilderment.

Die Nachricht hinterließ völlige Irritation.

Irritationen klären.

— To resolve misunderstandings.

Wir sollten uns treffen, um die Irritationen zu klären.

Anfängliche Irritation.

— Initial confusion.

Nach anfänglicher Irritation gefiel mir das Buch doch.

Irritation der Haut.

— Skin irritation.

Nach dem Rasieren habe ich oft eine Irritation der Haut.

容易混淆的词

die Irritation vs die Irritabilität

This refers to the biological trait of being irritable/responsive to stimuli, not the state of being confused.

die Irritation vs der Ärger

This is 'anger' or 'annoyance'. 'Irritation' is usually not as emotional as 'Ärger'.

die Irritation vs die Reizung

Specifically for physical/biological irritation. 'Irritation' is more mental/formal.

习语与表达

"Für Irritationen sorgen"

— To cause a stir or confusion in a formal or public context.

Die Äußerungen des Ministers sorgten für Irritationen.

formal

"Jemanden in Irritation versetzen"

— To make someone feel puzzled or unsettled.

Sein Schweigen versetzte sie in Irritation.

literary

"Irritationen im Keim ersticken"

— To stop misunderstandings before they grow.

Wir müssen die Irritationen im Keim ersticken.

metaphorical

"Eine Spur von Irritation"

— A hint of confusion in someone's expression.

In seinem Gesicht war eine Spur von Irritation zu sehen.

neutral

"Über die Irritation hinwegsehen"

— To ignore a confusing point and move on.

Er konnte über die Irritation hinwegsehen.

neutral

"Die Irritation ist perfekt"

— The confusion is complete (often used ironically).

Jetzt ist die Irritation perfekt!

informal

"Irritationen beiseite räumen"

— To clear away misunderstandings.

Lass uns alle Irritationen beiseite räumen.

neutral

"Ein Moment der Irritation"

— A brief moment of being puzzled.

Nach einem Moment der Irritation lachte sie.

neutral

"Sich keine Irritation anmerken lassen"

— To not show that one is confused.

Er ließ sich keine Irritation anmerken.

neutral

"Irritation stiften"

— To cause confusion (often used when someone is being difficult).

Er wollte mit seiner Frage nur Irritation stiften.

neutral

容易混淆

die Irritation vs irritiert

Looks like 'irritated'.

In German it means 'puzzled', in English it means 'annoyed'.

Ich bin irritiert (I am puzzled).

die Irritation vs verwirrt

Similar meaning.

Verwirrt is more general and common; Irritation is more specific to a discrepancy.

Ich bin völlig verwirrt.

die Irritation vs genervt

English speakers use 'irritated' for this.

Genervt is 'annoyed' or 'bothered'.

Ich bin genervt von dem Lärm.

die Irritation vs böse

English speakers might use 'irritated' to mean 'a bit mad'.

Böse is 'angry' or 'evil'.

Bist du böse auf mich?

die Irritation vs reizbar

Related to 'irritability'.

Reizbar means someone gets angry or reactive easily (short-tempered).

Er ist heute sehr reizbar.

句型

Es gab [Adjektiv] Irritation.

Es gab kleine Irritation.

[Subjekt] löst Irritation aus.

Die Nachricht löst Irritation aus.

Wegen [Genitiv] gab es Irritationen.

Wegen des Fehlers gab es Irritationen.

Um Irritationen zu vermeiden, [Hauptsatz].

Um Irritationen zu vermeiden, fragen wir nach.

Es kam zu [Dativ] Irritationen.

Es kam zu diplomatischen Irritationen.

Die Irritation rührt von [Dativ] her.

Die Irritation rührt von dem Gerücht her.

[Subjekt] führt zwangsläufig zu Irritationen.

Das führt zwangsläufig zu Irritationen.

Die Irritation als [Nomen] begreifen.

Wir müssen die Irritation als Chance begreifen.

词族

名词

der Irritationsfaktor

die Irritierbarkeit

动词

irritieren

形容词

irritiert

irritierend

irritabel

如何使用

frequency

Common in professional and media contexts.

常见错误

Using 'Irritation' for 'annoyance'. → Ärger / Genervtheit
In German, 'Irritation' is primarily cognitive (confusion), not emotional (anger).
Saying 'Der Irritation'. → Die Irritation
-ion nouns are always feminine.
Pronouncing it 'Irri-shun'. → Irri-tsyon
The German '-tion' ending is always pronounced with a 'ts' sound.
Using 'über' with the person. → Bei mir / bei ihm
Confusion is triggered 'at' or 'in' a person (bei mir), not 'over' a person in that sense.
Confusing 'irritiert' with 'irritierend'. → Ich bin irritiert (I am confused) / Das ist irritierend (That is confusing).
Standard participle vs. adjective distinction.

小贴士

Gender Rule

Nouns ending in '-ion' are always feminine. This makes 'die Irritation' easy to remember!

The False Friend

Always check your intent. If you want to complain about a loud neighbor, don't use 'Irritation'. Use 'Lärmbelästigung' or say you are 'genervt'.

Polite Correction

Use 'Es gab da eine kleine Irritation' to tell someone they made a mistake without being rude.

Pharmacy Tip

If you have a rash, you can ask for something 'gegen Irritationen'. They will know exactly what you mean.

Stress the End

Make sure to emphasize the 'TION' at the end of the word to sound like a native speaker.

Headline Hacking

When you see 'Irritationen' in a headline, look for the 'why'. It's usually a disagreement or a misunderstanding.

Adjective Pairing

Use 'erhebliche' (considerable) to describe a big confusion and 'leichte' (slight) for a small one.

Listen for 'auslösen'

The verb 'auslösen' is the most common partner for 'Irritation'. If you hear one, the other is likely nearby.

Logic First

Remember that Germans use this word because they value a logical flow of information. An 'Irritation' is a break in that logic.

Word Family

Learn 'irritieren' (verb) and 'irritiert' (adjective) at the same time to triple your vocabulary power.

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记忆技巧

Think of an 'Ear-itation' - when you hear something so strange your ears twitch in confusion, that is a German 'Irritation'.

视觉联想

Imagine a puzzle piece that almost fits but is slightly the wrong shape. That 'glitch' in the puzzle is an Irritation.

Word Web

Verwirrung Haut Diplomatie Frage Überraschung Störung Unklarheit Reaktion

挑战

Try to use 'die Irritation' in a sentence about a strange dream you had. Focus on the feeling of things not making sense.

词源

From the Latin 'irritatio', which comes from 'irritare' (to incite, stimulate, or provoke). It entered German through French 'irritation'.

原始含义： In Latin, it primarily meant a physical stimulation or a provocation to anger.

Indo-European (Latinate root).

文化背景

The word is neutral but can sound slightly cold or distancing if used to describe a friend's behavior.

English speakers should be very careful not to sound like they are angry when they are just confused, and vice versa. Always check: am I 'mad' (verärgert) or 'puzzled' (irritiert)?

Bertolt Brecht used 'Verfremdungseffekt' which is essentially a form of artistic 'Irritation'. Niklas Luhmann's System Theory uses 'Irritation' as a technical term. German news headlines often use 'Irritationen' to describe friction between the EU and other powers.

在生活中练习

真实语境

At Work

Das sorgt für Irritation.
Wir müssen die Irritationen klären.
Eine leichte Irritation im Team.
Unnötige Irritationen vermeiden.

At the Doctor

Ich habe eine Hautirritation.
Die Irritation juckt.
Gegen die Irritation helfen.
Eine Irritation der Augen.

News/Politics

Diplomatische Irritationen.
Irritationen in Berlin.
Für Irritationen sorgen.
Die Irritation ist groß.

In Art/Literature

Gezielte Irritation.
Das Werk irritiert.
Ein Moment der Irritation.
Ästhetische Irritation.

Social Situations

Seine Worte lösten Irritation aus.
Ich bin etwas irritiert.
Keine Irritation bitte.
Es gab da eine Irritation.

对话开场白

"Hat dich heute etwas in eine leichte Irritation versetzt?"

"Wie gehst du mit Irritationen im Berufsalltag um?"

"Glaubst du, dass Kunst immer für Irritation sorgen sollte?"

"Hattest du schon einmal eine diplomatische Irritation mit einem Freund?"

"Welche Nachrichten haben bei dir zuletzt Irritation ausgelöst?"

日记主题

Beschreibe eine Situation, in der ein Missverständnis zu einer großen Irritation geführt hat.

Warum ist es wichtig, Irritationen sofort anzusprechen und zu klären?

Denke an ein Kunstwerk, das dich irritiert hat. Was war der Grund für diese Irritation?

Wie unterscheidet sich eine 'Irritation' von 'Ärger' in deinem persönlichen Empfinden?

Schreibe über eine Hautirritation, die du einmal hattest, und wie du sie behandelt hast.

常见问题

10 个问题

Rarely. In modern German, it almost exclusively means confusion or physical irritation. If a German is angry, they use 'Ärger' or 'Wut'. Using 'Irritation' to mean anger sounds like a direct translation from English and is considered a mistake.

It is always 'die Irritation' because almost all German nouns ending in '-ion' are feminine.

You can say 'Hautirritation' or 'Hautreizung'. Both are correct, though 'Hautreizung' is slightly more common in everyday speech.

Yes, it is a very good word for business. It allows you to point out that something is wrong or confusing in a polite, objective way.

The verb is 'irritieren'. 'Das irritiert mich' means 'That confuses me' or 'That takes me aback'.

Yes, especially in newspapers, news broadcasts, and professional settings. It's less common in very casual street slang.

Irritation is usually caused by a specific fact or event that doesn't fit. Verwirrung can be a general state of being lost or overwhelmed.

Yes, 'die Irritationen'. It is used very often when there are multiple points of confusion.

Like 'tsyon'. The 't' is sharp, like a 'z' in German, and the 'o' is long.

Yes, if someone does something very unexpected and you are puzzled in a humorous way, you can say 'Das hat für Irritation gesorgt'.

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