B2 Advanced Syntax 8 min read 中等

过去将来时：转述某人“将会”做的事 (Iria)

当你在转述过去的承诺或计划时，把将来的动作变成“条件式”，常用 iria, faria, seria 等词汇。
标记为已学
开始练习

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use the conditional tense to talk about a future event from the perspective of a past moment.

  • Use the conditional (futuro do pretérito) to report a future intention: 'Ele disse que viria' (He said he would come).
  • Shift the future tense (futuro do presente) to the conditional when moving from direct to indirect speech.
  • Ensure the subject of the reporting verb matches the implied subject of the conditional action.
Past Reporting Verb + que + Subject + Verb (Conditional)

Overview

你有没有答应过朋友会给他们回电话，但后来手机没电就忘了？... [Translation of the text into Simplified Chinese maintaining headings] ...

Conditional Tense Endings

Person Ending Example (Falar)
Eu
-ia
Falaria
Tu
-ias
Falarias
Ele/Ela
-ia
Falaria
Nós
-íamos
Falaríamos
Vós
-íeis
Falaríeis
Eles/Elas
-iam
Falariam

Meanings

This structure expresses an action that was future-oriented relative to a point in the past.

1

Reported Future

Reporting a future intention stated in the past.

“Ele disse que faria o jantar.”

“Ela afirmou que viajaria no mês seguinte.”

2

Past Expectation

Describing an expectation that existed in the past.

“Eu sabia que isso aconteceria.”

“Nós tínhamos certeza de que eles chegariam cedo.”

3

Hypothetical Past

Describing a past scenario that was conditional on another event.

“Se eu soubesse, eu te diria.”

“Eu iria à festa, mas estava doente.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 过去将来时：转述某人“将会”做的事 (Iria)
主语 规则动词 (viajar) 不规则动词 (fazer) 口语简写 (ir + 原形)
Eu
viajaria
faria
ia viajar
Você/Ele/Ela
viajaria
faria
ia viajar
Nós
viajaríamos
faríamos
íamos viajar
Vocês/Eles/Elas
viajariam
fariam
iam viajar
Tu (葡萄牙常用)
viajarias
farias
ias viajar
Vós (正式/书面)
viajaríeis
faríeis
íeis viajar

正式程度

正式
Ele afirmou que chegaria.

Ele afirmou que chegaria. (Reporting arrival)

中性
Ele disse que chegaria.

Ele disse que chegaria. (Reporting arrival)

非正式
Ele falou que ia chegar.

Ele falou que ia chegar. (Reporting arrival)

俚语
Ele disse que chegava.

Ele disse que chegava. (Reporting arrival)

过去将来时概览

条件式

主要用途

  • 转述承诺 Reporting Promises
  • 过去计划 Past Plans
  • 礼貌表达 Politeness

核心动词

  • Dizer To say
  • Prometer To promise
  • Achar To think/believe

直接引语 vs. 间接引语

直接引语 (现在)
Eu vou viajar. I will travel.
Eu farei o bolo. I will make the cake.
间接引语 (转述)
Ele disse que iria viajar. He said he would travel.
Ele disse que faria o bolo. He said he would make the cake.

如何进行条件式变位

1

动词是否规则？

YES
保留完整原形 (falar, comer, abrir)
NO
使用特殊词根 (faria, diria, traria)
2

主语是否为 'Nós'？

YES
添加 -íamos (falaríamos)
NO ↓

转述动词类别

💬

言语

  • • disse
  • • afirmou
  • • contou
🧠

想法

  • • achou
  • • pensou
  • • acreditou
🤝

承诺

  • • prometeu
  • • jurou
  • • garantiu
免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

1

Eu disse que ia comer.

I said I was going to eat.

1

Ele falou que viria.

He said he would come.

1

Eu sabia que eles chegariam cedo.

I knew they would arrive early.

1

Ela prometeu que terminaria o relatório.

She promised she would finish the report.

1

Se eu soubesse, eu não diria nada.

If I had known, I wouldn't have said anything.

1

Era evidente que a decisão traria consequências.

It was evident that the decision would bring consequences.

容易混淆

Future in the Past: Reporting What Someone 'Would' Do (Iria) 对比 Imperfect vs Conditional

Both use '-ia' endings.

常见错误

✗

Eu disse que vou ir.

✓

Eu disse que iria.

Present tense cannot follow a past reporting verb.
✗

Ele falou que faria.

✓

Ele disse que faria.

Use 'disse' for reporting statements.
✗

Eu pensava que ele vem.

✓

Eu pensava que ele viria.

Tense mismatch.
✗

Eu teria feito se eu sabia.

✓

Eu teria feito se eu soubesse.

Conditional requires subjunctive in the 'if' clause.

句型

Eu disse que ___.

Real World Usage

Social Media common

Eu achei que o show seria melhor.

免费注册查看所有例句
💡

“Would” 魔法对照

如果你在英语里会用到 'would'，那么在葡语里对应的通常就是 'futuro do pretérito'。这几乎是一对一的逻辑关系，比如想礼貌地要咖啡：
Eu gostaria de um café, por favor.
⚠️

三大顽固词根

绝大多数动词都是原形直接加词尾，但 Fazer, Dizer, Trazer 这三个例外，它们会变形成 Faria, Diria, Traria。比如转述某人的话：
Ele disse que me diria a verdade.
💬

巴西人的 'ia' 偏好

在巴西的日常口语中，你会听到 90% 的人都在用 'ia + 动词原形' 而不是复杂的变位。在写邮件或考试时用 'faria'，但和朋友发消息时尽管用：
Eu ia te ligar agora mesmo.

Smart Tips

Always shift the tense.

Ele disse que vai. → Ele disse que iria.

发音

fa-la-RIA

Conditional endings

The '-ia' ending is pronounced as a diphthong /ia/.

Falling

Ele disse que viria ↘

Declarative statement.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of the conditional as a 'Past-Future' bridge.

视觉联想

Imagine a clock showing 5:00 PM (the past) and a thought bubble showing 8:00 PM (the future).

Rhyme

When the past is the base, use 'ia' in place.

Story

Yesterday, I planned to run. I said: 'I will run.' Today, I tell you: 'I said I would run.' In Portuguese: 'Eu disse que correria.'

Word Web

dissepensousabiaprometeugarantiuesperava

挑战

Write 3 sentences about things you planned to do yesterday but didn't.

文化笔记

In informal speech, 'ia + infinitive' is much more common than the synthetic conditional.

The synthetic conditional is used more frequently in daily speech than in Brazil.

Derived from the Latin infinitive + imperfect of 'habere'.

对话开场白

“

O que você achou que faria hoje?

日记主题

Write about a plan you had last week that changed.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

在空格处填入正确的条件式形式。

Ela disse que ___ (comprar) o pão.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: compraria
因为转述动词 'disse' 是过去时，我们使用条件式 'compraria' 来表达过去的将来意图。
哪句话正确地转述了过去的承诺？

选择语法正确的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Você prometeu que me ajudaria.
动词 'prometeu' 要求后续动作使用条件式 'ajudaria'。
找出并修正这句转述句中的错误。

O técnico disse que o time ganhará o jogo ontem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O técnico disse que o time ganharia o jogo ontem.
在过去转述语境中，不能将简单将来时 'ganhará' 与 'ontem' (昨天) 连用，应使用 'ganharia'。

Score: /3

练习题

1 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Ele disse que ___ (fazer) o bolo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Conditional is required.

Score: /1

Practice Bank

10 exercises
使用非正式的 'ia + 动词原形' 完成句子。 填空

Eu achei que você ___ (trazer) a cerveja.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ia trazer
重新排列单词以组成正确的句子。 Sentence Reorder

que / disse / chegaria / Ele / cedo

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ele disse que chegaria cedo.
将句子翻译成葡萄牙语：'They said they would call later.' 翻译

They said they would call later.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles disseram que ligariam mais tarde.
将直接引语与其对应的转述形式匹配。 Match Pairs

匹配配对：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: all
哪一个是 'fazer' 在条件式中的正确不规则形式？ 多项选择

他说他会做功课：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ele disse que faria o dever.
使用动词 'estar' 的正式 'nós' 变位形式。 填空

Nós avisamos que ___ (estar) prontos às oito.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: estaríamos
修正动词时态。 Error Correction

Eu pensei que você me dirá a verdade.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu pensei que você me diria a verdade.
对于给朋友发短信，哪种说法听起来最自然？ 多项选择

转述一个改变了的计划：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu ia te ligar, mas esqueci.
填入空格处。 填空

O app disse que o Uber ___ (chegar) em breve.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: chegaria
翻译：'I thought it would be easier.' 翻译

I thought it would be easier.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Achei que seria mais fácil.

Score: /10

常见问题 (1)

Only in very informal speech.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

免费注册开始练习

In Other Languages

Spanish high

hablaría

None.

French high

parlerais

None.

German moderate

würde + infinitive

Analytical vs synthetic.

Japanese low

tsumori datta

Grammatical category.

Arabic low

kuntu sa...

Tense system.

Chinese low

wo yiwei...

No conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
过去时的间接引语 (Ele disse que...)
Next
虚拟式过去完成时 (如果我早知道……)

Learn These First

B2 Requires

间接引语 (他说……)

Overview 必须要转述老板的话给朋友听吗？这就是间接引语 (Discurso Indireto)。与其直接引用，不如通过你的视角进行过滤，根据...

相关视频

Romance Languages: syntax of compound & passive sentences 6:40 YouTube

Romance Languages: syntax of compound & passive sentences

NativLang
Build Longer, Natural Portuguese Sentences (Here’s How!) 6:44 YouTube

Build Longer, Natural Portuguese Sentences (Here’s How!)

Mia Esmeriz Academy

Related Grammar Rules

C1

省略重复词汇 (Elipse & Zeugma)

Overview 有没有听葡萄牙语母语者说话时，怀疑他们把一半的词都吞了？这不只是你的错觉。说葡萄牙语的人是真的讨厌重复。重复让...
C2

精通修辞性重复 (Repetição Retórica)

### Overview 你好！作为一名深耕葡萄牙语教学的老师，我非常理解中文母语者在进阶阶段的学习难点。当你达到C2级别时，语法不仅...
C1

虚拟假设：梦想与遗憾 (se eu fosse, eu faria)

Overview The **Unreal Hypotheses** in Portuguese, often encapsulated by the structure `se eu fosse, eu faria` (if I were...
B2

过去时的间接引语 (Ele disse que...)

Overview 有没有试过向你最好的朋友解释昨晚你暗恋的人到底跟你说了什么，但却在时间线上搞混了？“他说他*喜欢*我”还是“他说他*...
C2

葡萄牙文学风格与高级句法

### Overview 在葡萄牙语的学习进程中，达到C2级别意味着你已经从“功能性沟通”跨越到了“艺术性表达”。文学化句法（Literary Syn...
Was this helpful?

评论 (0)

登录后评论
还没有评论。成为第一个分享想法的人！