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C1 noun 13分钟阅读

αποτύπωμα

a mark or effect left behind by something

At the A1 level, the word 'αποτύπωμα' is generally too advanced for active use, as beginners focus on basic survival vocabulary. However, it might be introduced in a very simplified context, perhaps as a translation for 'fingerprint' if learning body parts or basic police vocabulary. The focus at this stage would simply be recognizing the word if seen in a highly visual context, like a poster with a fingerprint image. Teachers might explain it simply as a 'mark' left by a finger, keeping the explanation concrete and avoiding its metaphoric or environmental uses, which require more complex sentence structures. It is a long, polysyllabic word, so pronunciation practice is key, breaking it down into a-po-ti-po-ma. Students at this level should not be expected to use it in sentences, but merely to understand its most basic literal meaning if encountered.
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At the A2 level, learners can begin to understand 'αποτύπωμα' in slightly broader contexts. They might encounter it in simple texts about the environment, such as a basic article about recycling, where 'οικολογικό αποτύπωμα' (ecological footprint) is introduced as a set phrase. The explanation remains straightforward: it is the mark we leave on the earth. Learners can practice using it in simple sentences like 'Το οικολογικό αποτύπωμα είναι σημαντικό' (The ecological footprint is important). They also solidify its meaning as 'fingerprint' in simple stories or descriptions. The grammatical focus is on recognizing it as a neuter noun and pairing it with the correct definite article 'το'. While metaphoric uses are still too complex, the foundation is laid for understanding that a 'mark' can be physical or environmental.
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At the B1 level, 'αποτύπωμα' becomes a highly useful vocabulary item. Learners are now capable of discussing topics like the environment and technology in more detail. The concept of 'ανθρακικό αποτύπωμα' (carbon footprint) and 'ψηφιακό αποτύπωμα' (digital footprint) are explicitly taught. Explanations focus on how our actions leave a lasting effect. Students practice using the word as an object in sentences with verbs like 'μειώνω' (reduce) and 'αυξάνω' (increase). For example, 'Πρέπει να μειώσουμε το ανθρακικό μας αποτύπωμα'. Furthermore, the metaphorical use of leaving a mark on society or history ('άφησε το αποτύπωμά του') is introduced. Grammar instruction highlights the plural forms ('τα αποτυπώματα') and the stress shift in the genitive plural ('των αποτυπωμάτων'), ensuring learners can use the word accurately in various cases.
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At the B2 level, learners are expected to use 'αποτύπωμα' confidently and flexibly across its various literal and metaphorical meanings. Explanations delve into the nuances of the word, differentiating it from synonyms like 'ίχνος' (trace) or 'σημάδι' (mark). Students use it to discuss complex abstract concepts, such as the psychological imprint of an event or the cultural footprint of a historical period. They are taught to use a wider range of collocations, pairing the noun with adjectives like 'ανεξίτηλο' (indelible), 'βαθύ' (deep), or 'έντονο' (strong). The focus is on producing sophisticated, native-like sentences in both written essays and spoken debates. Learners also explore the word family, understanding how the verb 'αποτυπώνω' (to imprint/capture) relates to the noun, enriching their overall expressive capability.
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At the C1 level, mastery of 'αποτύπωμα' is assumed, and the focus shifts to stylistic precision and advanced registers. Explanations emphasize its use in formal, academic, and journalistic contexts. Learners analyze how the word is deployed in complex texts, such as scientific articles discussing genetic fingerprints ('γενετικό αποτύπωμα') or sociological essays on digital footprints. They are expected to use it effortlessly in abstract, metaphorical constructions, demonstrating a deep understanding of its cultural and literary resonance. Instruction might involve analyzing the subtle differences between 'αποτύπωμα' (the mark) and 'αποτύπωση' (the process of capturing). Students practice using the word in sophisticated passive voice constructions and complex relative clauses, ensuring their Greek sounds highly fluent, idiomatic, and intellectually mature.
At the C2 level, the learner's understanding and usage of 'αποτύπωμα' should be indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. Explanations at this level are minimal, focusing instead on edge cases, poetic uses, and highly specialized jargon. Learners might encounter the word in advanced literature, where it conveys profound philosophical or existential themes regarding human legacy and impermanence. They are expected to manipulate the word creatively, perhaps coining new compound ideas or using it in highly original metaphors. The focus is on complete linguistic command, recognizing the word's etymological depth and its power to evoke strong imagery. Whether discussing the microscopic 'αποτύπωμα' of a particle in physics or the enduring 'αποτύπωμα' of a civilization, the C2 learner uses the word with absolute precision and elegance.
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例句
The Greek word αποτύπωμα is a highly versatile and deeply expressive noun that translates to imprint, footprint, fingerprint, or mark. In contemporary Greek, it has transcended its literal origins to encompass a wide array of figurative meanings, making it an essential vocabulary item for advanced learners aiming for C1 or C2 proficiency. When we examine what this word means and when people use it, we must first look at its etymological roots. It derives from the verb αποτυπώνω, which means to imprint or to capture. This foundation is crucial for understanding its modern applications. Today, one of the most frequent contexts in which you will encounter αποτύπωμα is in environmental discussions.
Environmental Context
The term οικολογικό αποτύπωμα is ubiquitous in news reports and scientific articles discussing sustainability and climate change.
The term οικολογικό αποτύπωμα (ecological footprint) or ανθρακικό αποτύπωμα (carbon footprint) is ubiquitous in news reports, scientific articles, and everyday conversations about climate change and sustainability. People use it to describe the impact that an individual, a company, or a nation has on the environment.

Πρέπει να μειώσουμε το οικολογικό μας αποτύπωμα.

Another incredibly common usage is in the digital realm. The phrase ψηφιακό αποτύπωμα (digital footprint) refers to the trail of data one leaves behind while using the internet. As privacy concerns grow, this usage has become increasingly prominent in both formal and informal discourse. Beyond these specific domains, αποτύπωμα is also used to describe a lasting emotional, cultural, or historical impact. For instance, a great leader or artist is often said to leave a deep αποτύπωμα on society. This metaphorical usage highlights the word's capacity to convey profound significance and permanence.

Ο συγγραφέας άφησε ανεξίτηλο το αποτύπωμα του στην παγκόσμια λογοτεχνία.

In legal and forensic contexts, δακτυλικό αποτύπωμα literally means fingerprint. This is perhaps the most concrete and tangible application of the word. When police are investigating a crime scene, they look for δακτυλικά αποτυπώματα.
Forensic Context
Fingerprints are a primary method of identification, making this usage universally understood and highly practical.
It is fascinating how a single word can seamlessly transition from describing the microscopic ridges on a human finger to the global environmental impact of a multinational corporation. This versatility is what makes αποτύπωμα so valuable for learners. Understanding when to use it requires an awareness of these diverse contexts.

Βρήκαν ένα δακτυλικό αποτύπωμα στο όπλο.

In everyday conversation, you might hear someone say that a particular experience left an indelible αποτύπωμα on their soul. This poetic usage is quite common in Greek literature and music, where emotional depth is highly valued. Therefore, mastering this word will not only improve your ability to read the news or discuss current events but will also enrich your expressive capabilities in more personal and intimate conversations. Let us delve deeper into the nuances of this word through various examples and explanations. The concept of an imprint, whether physical or metaphorical, resonates deeply in human experience. We all leave marks behind, whether intentional or not. The Greek language captures this universal truth beautifully through the word αποτύπωμα.
Emotional Context
Used to describe the lasting psychological or emotional effect an event has on a person's life.
As you continue to study and practice, pay attention to the adjectives that frequently accompany it, such as βαθύ (deep), ανεξίτηλο (indelible), ψηφιακό (digital), and οικολογικό (ecological). These collocations will help you sound more natural and fluent.

Ο πόλεμος άφησε ένα βαρύ αποτύπωμα στην οικονομία.

Furthermore, understanding the related verb αποτυπώνω and the noun αποτύπωση will expand your vocabulary even further, allowing you to express complex ideas with precision and elegance. In conclusion, αποτύπωμα is much more than just a translation of footprint or imprint. It is a multifaceted term that reflects contemporary societal concerns, technological advancements, and timeless human emotions. By incorporating it into your active vocabulary, you will take a significant step towards mastering the Greek language.

Κάθε άνθρωπος αφήνει το δικό του αποτύπωμα στον κόσμο.

Using the word αποτύπωμα correctly in sentences requires a solid understanding of its grammatical properties and the specific contexts in which it thrives. As a neuter noun ending in -μα, it follows a very predictable declension pattern in Greek, which is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences. In the nominative and accusative singular, it is το αποτύπωμα. In the genitive singular, it becomes του αποτυπώματος. Moving to the plural, we have τα αποτυπώματα in the nominative and accusative, and των αποτυπωμάτων in the genitive.
Grammar Focus
Pay special attention to the genitive plural (αποτυπωμάτων), as the stress shifts one syllable towards the end, a common feature of -μα nouns.
Let's explore how to integrate this word into various sentence structures. When discussing environmental issues, you will frequently use it as the subject or direct object. For example, you might say, 'Το ανθρακικό αποτύπωμα της εταιρείας είναι τεράστιο' (The company's carbon footprint is huge). Here, it functions as the subject.

Το ανθρακικό αποτύπωμα της εταιρείας είναι τεράστιο.

Alternatively, you could use it as a direct object: 'Προσπαθούμε να μειώσουμε το οικολογικό μας αποτύπωμα' (We are trying to reduce our ecological footprint). In the digital context, the structure remains similar. You might warn someone, 'Πρόσεχε το ψηφιακό σου αποτύπωμα' (Watch your digital footprint). This is a highly practical sentence for modern times.

Πρόσεχε το ψηφιακό σου αποτύπωμα όταν χρησιμοποιείς τα κοινωνικά δίκτυα.

When we shift to metaphorical uses, the verb αφήνω (to leave) becomes incredibly important. The phrase 'αφήνω το αποτύπωμά μου' (to leave my mark) is a standard colocation. For instance, 'Ο καλλιτέχνης άφησε το αποτύπωμά του στη σύγχρονη τέχνη' (The artist left his mark on modern art).
Metaphorical Use
Using αφήνω (leave) with αποτύπωμα creates a powerful image of lasting legacy or profound impact.
You can also use it in passive constructions, though this is slightly more formal. For example, 'Το αποτύπωμα της κρίσης είναι εμφανές' (The imprint of the crisis is evident).

Το αποτύπωμα της οικονομικής κρίσης είναι ακόμα εμφανές στην κοινωνία.

In forensic contexts, you will often use the plural form. 'Η αστυνομία βρήκε δακτυλικά αποτυπώματα' (The police found fingerprints). Notice how the adjective δακτυλικά must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun. Let's look at more complex sentence structures. You might use it in a relative clause: 'Το αποτύπωμα που άφησε πίσω του ήταν ανεξίτηλο' (The mark he left behind was indelible). Or in a conditional sentence: 'Αν δεν αλλάξουμε συνήθειες, το οικολογικό μας αποτύπωμα θα καταστρέψει τον πλανήτη' (If we don't change habits, our ecological footprint will destroy the planet).

Το αποτύπωμα που άφησε πίσω του ήταν ανεξίτηλο.

Furthermore, prepositional phrases often accompany this word. The preposition 'σε' (in/on) is the most common when describing where the mark is left. For example, 'άφησε αποτύπωμα στην ιστορία' (left a mark in history) or 'άφησε αποτύπωμα στην καρδιά μου' (left an imprint on my heart).
Prepositions
The preposition 'σε' combined with the definite article (στον, στην, στο) is essential for indicating the target of the imprint.
To truly master the use of αποτύπωμα in sentences, practice translating your thoughts directly into Greek, focusing on the specific context—whether physical, digital, environmental, or emotional. The more you practice these varied sentence structures, the more natural the word will feel in your vocabulary arsenal.

Η τεχνολογία έχει αφήσει το δικό της αποτύπωμα στην εκπαίδευση.

By varying your sentence types and utilizing the rich array of adjectives and verbs that collocate with αποτύπωμα, you can significantly elevate your spoken and written Greek, demonstrating a sophisticated command of the language.
The word αποτύπωμα is not confined to dusty dictionaries or obscure literary texts; it is a vibrant, active part of the modern Greek lexicon, and you will encounter it in a multitude of everyday situations. Understanding where you actually hear this word will help you contextualize it and recognize its significance in contemporary Greek society. One of the most prominent places you will hear αποτύπωμα is on the daily news, particularly during segments dedicated to the environment, climate change, and sustainability.
News Media
News anchors frequently discuss the carbon footprint of various industries, making this word a staple of environmental reporting.
Journalists and experts frequently discuss the need to reduce the ανθρακικό αποτύπωμα (carbon footprint) of a nation or an industry.

Οι ειδήσεις μιλούν συνεχώς για το ανθρακικό αποτύπωμα των αεροπορικών εταιρειών.

You will also hear it in political debates, where politicians might argue over policies designed to minimize the country's οικολογικό αποτύπωμα. Another common arena is the corporate world. If you work in Greece or interact with Greek businesses, you will likely hear this term in meetings regarding Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Companies are increasingly eager to showcase how they are minimizing their environmental αποτύπωμα. Moving away from the environment, the technology sector is another major domain for this word. In discussions about cybersecurity, social media, and data privacy, the term ψηφιακό αποτύπωμα (digital footprint) is ubiquitous. You will hear IT professionals, educators, and even parents using this phrase to warn about the permanent nature of online actions.

Οι γονείς πρέπει να εκπαιδεύουν τα παιδιά για το ψηφιακό τους αποτύπωμα.

In the realm of entertainment, particularly in crime dramas or police procedurals on Greek television, the phrase δακτυλικά αποτυπώματα (fingerprints) is impossible to miss. Detectives on popular shows will constantly be demanding to check for αποτυπώματα at a crime scene.
Pop Culture
Crime shows and mystery novels are prime sources for the literal forensic use of the word.
This provides a very tangible, visual context for the word.

Ο ντετέκτιβ έψαξε για δακτυλικά αποτυπώματα στο ποτήρι.

Furthermore, you will encounter the metaphorical use of αποτύπωμα in arts and culture reviews. A film critic might write about the profound αποτύπωμα a director has left on the cinematic landscape. A literary review might discuss the αποτύπωμα of a historical event on a writer's work. Even in casual, heartfelt conversations among friends, the word finds its place. Someone might express gratitude by saying that a friend's kindness left an indelible αποτύπωμα on their heart.

Η καλοσύνη σου άφησε βαθύ αποτύπωμα στην ψυχή μου.

This emotional resonance highlights the word's flexibility.
Everyday Life
From discussing recycling at home to talking about a life-changing trip, the word is surprisingly common in daily chats.
Finally, in academic and scientific literature, αποτύπωμα is used with strict precision. Whether it's a genetic footprint (γενετικό αποτύπωμα) in biology or a geological imprint in earth sciences, the word serves as a crucial technical term.

Το γενετικό αποτύπωμα επιβεβαίωσε την ταυτότητα του υπόπτου.

By actively listening for this word in these diverse settings—from the evening news and corporate boardrooms to crime thrillers and intimate conversations—you will rapidly internalize its various shades of meaning and learn to deploy it with the natural grace of a native speaker.
Even advanced learners of Greek can stumble when using a sophisticated word like αποτύπωμα. Understanding the common mistakes associated with this word is a crucial step toward achieving fluency and accuracy. One of the most frequent errors involves grammatical gender and declension. Because αποτύπωμα ends in -μα, it is a neuter noun. However, learners whose native languages have different gender systems or no gender at all might mistakenly treat it as feminine due to the -α ending, which is typical for many feminine nouns.
Gender Confusion
Never say 'η αποτύπωμα' or 'μια αποτύπωμα'. It is always 'το αποτύπωμα' and 'ένα αποτύπωμα'.
This leads to incorrect adjective agreements, such as saying 'βαθιά αποτύπωμα' instead of the correct 'βαθύ αποτύπωμα'.

Λάθος: Η αποτύπωμα. Σωστό: Το αποτύπωμα.

Another common grammatical mistake occurs in the plural genitive case. Nouns ending in -μα shift their stress one syllable to the right in the genitive plural. Therefore, the genitive plural is των αποτυπωμάτων, not των αποτυπώματων. Beyond grammar, semantic mistakes are also prevalent. Some learners overuse αποτύπωμα as a direct translation for the English word 'footprint' in literal contexts. If you are talking about a physical footprint left in the sand or mud by a shoe or a bare foot, the correct word is πατημασιά or ίχνος, not αποτύπωμα.

Άφησε τις πατημασιές του στην άμμο, όχι το αποτύπωμα του.

While αποτύπωμα can technically mean a physical imprint, in everyday speech, using it for a footprint on the beach sounds overly formal or scientific.
Literal Footprints
Reserve 'αποτύπωμα' for metaphorical footprints (carbon, digital) or specific scientific imprints, and use 'πατημασιά' for literal steps.
Similarly, learners sometimes confuse αποτύπωμα with εντύπωση (impression). While an event can leave a lasting αποτύπωμα (mark/impact) and also make a strong εντύπωση (impression), they are used differently. You 'make' an impression (κάνω εντύπωση), but you 'leave' a mark (αφήνω αποτύπωμα).

Μου έκανε καλή εντύπωση, και άφησε θετικό αποτύπωμα στην ομάδα.

Mixing these verbs up is a classic marker of non-native speech. Another subtle error involves pronunciation. The word is polysyllabic, and learners sometimes rush through it, swallowing syllables or misplacing the stress. The stress falls clearly on the antepenultimate syllable: a-po-TI-po-ma. Finally, a common stylistic mistake is failing to use the appropriate adjectives that naturally collocate with αποτύπωμα. Saying 'ένα μεγάλο αποτύπωμα' (a big footprint) is grammatically fine, but saying 'ένα ισχυρό αποτύπωμα' (a strong imprint) or 'ένα βαθύ αποτύπωμα' (a deep mark) sounds much more idiomatic and sophisticated.

Η πανδημία άφησε ένα ανεξίτηλο αποτύπωμα στην ψυχολογία μας.

Collocations
Enhance your vocabulary by learning the adjectives that naturally pair with this noun, rather than relying on basic descriptors.
By being aware of these common pitfalls—gender agreement, stress shifts, semantic nuances, and collocations—you can confidently and accurately incorporate αποτύπωμα into your advanced Greek repertoire.

Προσέχω να χρησιμοποιώ σωστά τη λέξη αποτύπωμα στον γραπτό λόγο.

Expanding your vocabulary means not only knowing a primary word like αποτύπωμα but also understanding its synonyms, related terms, and alternatives. This knowledge allows you to express yourself with greater precision and variety, avoiding repetition. Let's explore the lexical neighborhood of αποτύπωμα.
Synonym: Ίχνος
Ίχνος translates to trace or track. It is often used interchangeably with αποτύπωμα in metaphorical contexts, but implies something fainter or harder to detect.
One of the most common alternatives is ίχνος (trace, track). While αποτύπωμα suggests a clear, stamped mark, ίχνος often implies something more subtle, a remnant that might be fading.

Δεν έμεινε κανένα ίχνος, ούτε ένα μικρό αποτύπωμα της παρουσίας του.

For example, you might say 'άφησε τα ίχνη του' (he left his tracks), which is similar to leaving a mark, but perhaps less permanent than an αποτύπωμα. Another related word is σημάδι (mark, sign). Σημάδι is a more general, everyday word. A scar is a σημάδι, a stain is a σημάδι, and a sign from heaven is a σημάδι. When discussing physical footprints on the ground, the correct alternative, as mentioned previously, is πατημασιά.

Οι πατημασιές στο χιόνι ήταν το μόνο αποτύπωμα που βρήκαμε.

This word specifically refers to the mark left by a foot or shoe.
Alternative: Σφραγίδα
Σφραγίδα means seal or stamp. Metaphorically, leaving your seal implies a very deliberate, authoritative, and unmistakable mark.
If you want to emphasize a very strong, deliberate, and characteristic mark left by someone, you can use the word σφραγίδα (seal, stamp). Saying 'έβαλε τη σφραγίδα του' (he put his seal on it) is a powerful alternative to saying he left his αποτύπωμα. It suggests ownership and distinct style.

Ο σκηνοθέτης έβαλε τη σφραγίδα του, αφήνοντας ένα μοναδικό αποτύπωμα στην ταινία.

In the context of memory and psychological impact, the word μνήμη (memory) or ανάμνηση (recollection) can sometimes serve as alternatives, describing the internal 'imprint' left by an experience. Let's also consider the verb form, αποτυπώνω (to imprint, capture). If you want to express the action rather than the result, using the verb is a great alternative. For instance, instead of saying 'the photograph is an imprint of reality', you could say 'the photograph captures (αποτυπώνει) reality'.

Ο ζωγράφος κατάφερε να αποτυπώσει το φως, δημιουργώντας ένα αριστουργηματικό αποτύπωμα της στιγμής.

Related Noun: Αποτύπωση
Αποτύπωση refers to the process or act of imprinting or capturing, whereas αποτύπωμα refers to the final result or mark itself.
Understanding the distinction between the process (αποτύπωση) and the result (αποτύπωμα) is crucial for academic and formal writing. By mastering these synonyms and related terms, you build a rich semantic network around αποτύπωμα, allowing you to navigate complex conversations and texts with confidence and stylistic flair.

Η ιστορική αποτύπωση των γεγονότων αφήνει ένα ξεκάθαρο αποτύπωμα για τις επόμενες γενιές.

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按水平分级的例句

1

Το αποτύπωμα είναι στο χαρτί.

The fingerprint is on the paper.

Uses the basic nominative singular form 'το αποτύπωμα'.

2

Βλέπω ένα αποτύπωμα.

I see a footprint/imprint.

Used as a direct object in the accusative case 'ένα αποτύπωμα'.

3

Αυτό είναι το αποτύπωμα μου.

This is my fingerprint.

Combined with the possessive pronoun 'μου'.

4

Έχει ένα μεγάλο αποτύπωμα.

It has a big footprint.

Paired with a simple adjective 'μεγάλο'.

5

Το αποτύπωμα είναι μαύρο.

The imprint is black.

Simple descriptive sentence using the verb 'είναι'.

6

Δεν είναι το αποτύπωμα σου.

It is not your fingerprint.

Negative sentence structure with 'δεν'.

7

Τα αποτυπώματα είναι εδώ.

The fingerprints are here.

Introduction to the plural nominative 'τα αποτυπώματα'.

8

Κάνω ένα αποτύπωμα.

I make an imprint.

Used with the basic verb 'κάνω'.

1

Πρέπει να μειώσουμε το οικολογικό αποτύπωμα.

We must reduce the ecological footprint.

Introduction of the common collocation 'οικολογικό αποτύπωμα'.

2

Η αστυνομία βρήκε τα δακτυλικά αποτυπώματα.

The police found the fingerprints.

Uses the plural form 'δακτυλικά αποτυπώματα'.

3

Το αποτύπωμα του παπουτσιού είναι στο χώμα.

The shoe's footprint is in the dirt.

Uses the genitive 'του παπουτσιού' to show origin.

4

Κάθε άνθρωπος έχει διαφορετικό αποτύπωμα.

Every person has a different fingerprint.

Paired with the adjective 'διαφορετικό'.

5

Το εργοστάσιο αφήνει μεγάλο αποτύπωμα.

The factory leaves a large footprint.

Used with the verb 'αφήνει' (leaves).

6

Διαβάζω για το ανθρακικό αποτύπωμα.

I am reading about the carbon footprint.

Used after the preposition 'για' in the accusative.

7

Τα αποτυπώματα των ζώων είναι στο χιόνι.

The animal footprints are in the snow.

Uses the genitive plural 'των ζώων'.

8

Θέλω να αφήσω ένα καλό αποτύπωμα.

I want to leave a good mark.

Simple metaphorical use with 'καλό'.

1

Το ψηφιακό σου αποτύπωμα μένει για πάντα στο διαδίκτυο.

Your digital footprint stays on the internet forever.

Introduces 'ψηφιακό αποτύπωμα' and the concept of permanence.

2

Η εταιρεία προσπαθεί να μειώσει το ανθρακικό της αποτύπωμα.

The company is trying to reduce its carbon footprint.

Complex sentence with 'προσπαθεί να μειώσει'.

3

Ο δάσκαλος άφησε ένα βαθύ αποτύπωμα στη ζωή μου.

The teacher left a deep mark on my life.

Metaphorical use with 'βαθύ' (deep).

4

Η ανάλυση των αποτυπωμάτων έδειξε τον ένοχο.

The analysis of the fingerprints showed the culprit.

Uses the genitive plural 'των αποτυπωμάτων' correctly with stress shift.

5

Η κλιματική αλλαγή είναι το αποτύπωμα της ανθρώπινης δραστηριότητας.

Climate change is the imprint of human activity.

Abstract use linking two concepts with 'είναι'.

6

Χωρίς δακτυλικά αποτυπώματα, η υπόθεση είναι δύσκολη.

Without fingerprints, the case is difficult.

Used after the preposition 'χωρίς' (without).

7

Ο τουρισμός αφήνει ένα ισχυρό οικονομικό αποτύπωμα στο νησί.

Tourism leaves a strong economic footprint on the island.

Introduces 'οικονομικό αποτύπωμα' (economic footprint).

8

Πώς μπορούμε να υπολογίσουμε το οικολογικό μας αποτύπωμα;

How can we calculate our ecological footprint?

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