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A2 adjective #4,000 最常用 11分钟阅读

funcional

前4,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 funcional 30秒了解

解析 funcional in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should recognize 'funcional' as a word that looks like 'functional' in English. It is an adjective used to describe things that are good for a specific job. You will mostly see it used with 'ser' (to be) to describe simple objects like furniture or rooms. For example, 'La cocina es funcional' (The kitchen is functional). At this stage, just remember that it doesn't change for men or women, only for more than one thing (funcionales). Focus on using it to describe your house or your school supplies. It is a 'safe' word because it is very similar to English.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'funcional' to compare things. You might say one apartment is more 'funcional' than another because it has better closets. You also start to see it in phrases like 'entrenamiento funcional' (functional training) at the gym. You should understand that 'funcional' is different from 'funciona' (it works). If your watch is broken, you don't say it is 'no funcional,' you say 'no funciona.' This level is about distinguishing between the design of an object and whether it is currently working. You should be able to use it in basic descriptions of your daily routine and the tools you use.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'funcional' in professional and social contexts. You might describe a website as 'muy funcional' or a project plan as 'una propuesta funcional.' You are now aware of the plural form 'funcionales' and use it correctly without thinking. You also start to encounter the word in more abstract ways, such as describing a 'relación funcional' or a 'sistema funcional.' You should be able to explain *why* something is functional using connectors like 'porque' or 'debido a.' Your vocabulary is expanding to include synonyms like 'práctico' or 'útil,' and you can choose 'funcional' when you specifically want to talk about design and purpose.

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At the B2 level, you use 'funcional' with nuance. You understand technical terms like 'diversidad funcional' and use them correctly in social discussions. You can participate in debates about architecture or technology using 'funcionalismo' or 'requisitos funcionales.' You know that 'estar funcional' is rare and usually refers to a system being 'up.' You can use adverbs like 'altamente,' 'estrictamente,' or 'perfectamente' to modify 'funcional.' Your writing shows a clear distinction between an object being 'útil' (helpful) and 'funcional' (designed for a purpose). You can also handle the word in idiomatic or specialized expressions in your field of work.

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At the C1 level, 'funcional' is a precise tool in your academic or professional writing. You use it to describe complex structures, such as 'la estructura funcional de la lengua' or 'el análisis funcional de la conducta.' You are aware of its use in specialized fields like mathematics, linguistics, and sociology. You can use the word to critique designs, arguing that something has sacrificed 'estética' for 'funcionalidad.' You understand the subtle difference between 'utilitario' (which can be negative) and 'funcional' (which is usually neutral or positive). You use the word effortlessly in high-level discussions about social policy, specifically regarding 'diversidad funcional.'

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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'funcional' and its derivatives. You can use it in highly specialized contexts, such as 'programación funcional' in software engineering or 'categorías funcionales' in generative linguistics, with the same ease as a native expert. You appreciate the historical development of 'funcionalismo' in Latin American and Spanish architecture. You can use the word in sophisticated irony or metaphors. Your use of 'funcional' is perfectly integrated into a wide-ranging vocabulary, and you can switch between 'práctico,' 'utilitario,' 'pragmático,' and 'funcional' to convey the exact shade of meaning required by the most demanding communicative situations.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

funcional 30秒了解

Funcional means practical and utility-focused rather than just pretty.
It is gender-neutral: 'el coche funcional' and 'la silla funcional'.
The plural form is 'funcionales' for both masculine and feminine nouns.
Commonly used in 'entrenamiento funcional' (fitness) and 'diversidad funcional' (disability).

The Spanish word funcional is a versatile adjective that primarily describes things designed with a focus on utility, efficiency, and purpose rather than aesthetic appeal or decorative value. When you call something funcional, you are emphasizing that it works well and fulfills its intended role effectively. This term is essential for English speakers because while it directly translates to 'functional,' its application in Spanish spans across architecture, psychology, technology, and daily life in ways that are deeply integrated into the culture of modern efficiency.

Core Concept: The priority of use over beauty. If a kitchen is functional, it is easy to cook in, regardless of how it looks.

Necesitamos un diseño de oficina que sea ante todo funcional.

In professional contexts, funcional is often used to describe systems or organizational structures. For example, a 'functional unit' (unidad funcional) refers to a specific part of an organization that performs a distinct task. In the medical field, the term has gained significant importance through the phrase 'diversidad funcional' (functional diversity), which is the preferred, respectful way to refer to individuals with disabilities in Spain. This shift highlights a focus on the different ways people function rather than what they lack.

Technical Application: In computer science, 'programación funcional' refers to a specific programming paradigm based on mathematical functions.

Este software tiene una interfaz muy funcional para los usuarios.

When discussing furniture or home decor, funcional is the hallmark of minimalism. A functional sofa might have built-in storage, or a functional table might be foldable. It suggests that every part of the object has a reason for existing. In academic circles, you might hear about 'analfabetismo funcional' (functional illiteracy), referring to someone who can read words but cannot process the information well enough to function in modern society. This demonstrates how the word moves from physical objects to abstract human capabilities.

Social Context: Used to describe relationships or families that work well despite challenges, though 'saludable' (healthy) is more common for people.

El nuevo hospital es un espacio altamente funcional.

Finally, funcional is often contrasted with ornamental or decorativo. If you are choosing between two products, one might be 'bonito' (pretty) and the other 'funcional.' In many modern Spanish-speaking professional environments, being 'funcional' is considered a higher compliment than being 'creativo' if the creativity doesn't solve a practical problem. It reflects a culture that values results and usability.

Using funcional correctly in a sentence requires an understanding of Spanish adjective agreement and placement. Since it ends in a consonant ('l'), it does not change its form based on gender. Whether you are describing 'un coche' (masculine) or 'una mesa' (feminine), the word remains funcional. However, it must agree in number, becoming funcionales when describing plural nouns. This simplicity makes it a favorite for learners, but the nuance lies in where you place it and which verbs you pair it with.

Agreement Rules: Singular: El sistema es funcional / La herramienta es funcional. Plural: Los sistemas son funcionales / Las herramientas son funcionales.

Buscamos soluciones funcionales para el tráfico de la ciudad.

The choice of verb is crucial. Usually, funcional is paired with the verb ser because it describes an inherent characteristic or the design of an object. You would say 'Este edificio es funcional' to describe its architectural purpose. Using estar is much less common and would imply a temporary state of being functional, which is usually better expressed by the verb 'funcionar' (to work/to function). For example, instead of saying 'la radio está funcional,' a native speaker would say 'la radio funciona.'

Placement Nuance: 'Un mueble funcional' (A functional piece of furniture) is the standard structure. Placing it before the noun is very rare and sounds poetic or overly dramatic.

El entrenamiento funcional es muy popular en este gimnasio.

In the context of fitness, 'entrenamiento funcional' (functional training) is a common phrase. Here, the adjective describes the type of exercise—movements that mimic daily activities. When using it in this way, it functions as a specific category. Similarly, in grammar, we talk about 'categorías funcionales.' In all these cases, the word follows the noun it modifies. If you want to intensify the meaning, you can use adverbs like 'altamente' (highly), 'extremadamente' (extremely), or 'puramente' (purely).

Intensifiers: 'Es un diseño puramente funcional' means it has absolutely no decorative elements; it is 100% utility-focused.

Su método de estudio es muy funcional para aprobar exámenes rápido.

To summarize, focus on the 'ser + funcional' structure for descriptions and 'noun + funcional' for categorizing objects. Always remember the plural 'funcionales' and you will sound like a natural speaker. Whether you are describing a website's UI, a new pair of shoes, or a government department, this word will serve as a precise tool in your vocabulary toolkit.

The word funcional is ubiquitous in Spanish-speaking society, appearing in settings ranging from high-tech startups to local government offices. However, its most frequent 'real-world' appearances are in specific domains that influence how people think about efficiency and inclusion. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word's weight and importance beyond a simple dictionary definition.

Modern Workplace: In offices in Madrid or Mexico City, you'll hear about 'organigramas funcionales'—organizational charts based on roles rather than hierarchy.

Necesitamos una estructura más funcional para este proyecto.

One of the most significant places you will hear this word today is in the news and social services when discussing disability. The term 'persona con diversidad funcional' has largely replaced older, more stigmatized terms. By using funcional here, the language focuses on the variety of human functioning. If you are reading Spanish newspapers like El País or La Nación, you will see this term used in headlines regarding accessibility laws and social rights.

Architecture and Design: Architects use 'funcionalismo' to describe the style where form follows function. You'll hear 'viviendas funcionales' to describe small but well-used apartments.

El estilo de este edificio es puramente funcional.

In the world of fitness and health, 'entrenamiento funcional' is a buzzword found on the windows of gyms (gimnasios) across the Spanish-speaking world. It refers to exercises like squats and lunges that help you 'function' better in daily life. If you join a gym in Spain or Latin America, the trainer might ask if you want a 'rutina funcional.' This usage has exploded in popularity over the last decade.

Technology and Software: Developers discuss 'requisitos funcionales' (functional requirements) which are the specific things a software must do.

¿Cuáles son los requerimientos funcionales de la aplicación?

Lastly, in academic or sociological discussions, 'analfabetismo funcional' is a common term. It describes the phenomenon where people can read but cannot use that skill to solve problems or understand complex instructions. Hearing this word in a podcast or lecture usually signals a shift toward a practical, results-oriented analysis of a problem. It is a word that demands action and utility.

Even though funcional looks exactly like its English counterpart, there are several traps that English speakers often fall into when using it in Spanish. These mistakes usually stem from confusing the adjective with the verb, or from assuming it can be used in every context where 'functional' appears in English. Understanding these nuances will prevent you from sounding unnatural or making grammatical errors that confuse native speakers.

Mistake 1: Adjective vs. Verb: Confusing 'funcional' (adjective) with 'funciona' (verb). English speakers often say 'El teléfono es funcional' when they mean 'El teléfono funciona' (The phone works).

Incorrecto: Mi coche no está funcional hoy.
Correcto: Mi coche no funciona hoy.

In English, we might say 'the elevator is functional' to mean it's not broken. In Spanish, saying 'el ascensor es funcional' means the elevator has a practical design (perhaps it’s large or fast). If you want to say it isn't broken, you must use the verb funcionar. This is a very common 'Spanglish' error where the adjective is used to describe a state of operation rather than a quality of design.

Mistake 2: Gender Agreement: Trying to make it feminine by saying 'funcionala.' Adjectives ending in 'l' are the same for both genders.

Incorrecto: Una silla funcionala.
Correcto: Una silla funcional.

Another subtle mistake is the pluralization. Some learners forget to add '-es' and just add '-s,' saying 'funcionals.' Because the word ends in a consonant, you must add the 'e' for the plural form: funcionales. This follows the standard Spanish rule for words ending in 'l,' 'r,' 'n,' 'd,' 'z,' and 'j.' Failing to do this makes the word very difficult for a native speaker to parse in conversation.

Mistake 3: Misusing with 'Estar': Using 'estar funcional' instead of 'ser funcional.' Since functionality is usually a design trait, 'ser' is the correct permanent verb.

Dudoso: Este software está funcional.
Mejor: Este software es funcional.

Finally, avoid using funcional when you really mean útil (useful). While they are related, funcional specifically refers to the design aspect. If a hammer is 'funcional,' it has a good grip and weight. If a hammer is 'útil,' it is simply the right tool for the job you are doing right now. Distinguishing between 'design' and 'utility' will elevate your Spanish to a more advanced level.

To truly master the concept of funcional, you should know its synonyms and how they differ in nuance. Spanish has a rich vocabulary for describing how things work and their level of practicality. Choosing the right word depends on whether you are talking about an object's purpose, its ease of use, or its current operational status. Here is a breakdown of the most common alternatives.

Práctico vs. Funcional: Práctico emphasizes ease of use and immediate benefit. Funcional emphasizes the design and fulfillment of a specific purpose. You can have a 'práctico' advice, but not 'funcional' advice.

Es un consejo muy práctico, pero el diseño del libro es funcional.

Another close relative is útil (useful). This is the most general term. Something is útil if it helps you achieve a goal. Funcional is more specific to the object's nature. A broken chair is not útil, but its design could still be described as funcional if it was built with ergonomics in mind. In a professional setting, you might also use operativo (operational), which refers to something that is ready to be used or currently working.

Utilitario: This word is more clinical. It describes something made solely for use, often with the implication that it is boring or ugly. 'Un vehículo utilitario' is a work truck.

Prefiero un coche utilitario que uno de lujo.

In more formal or philosophical contexts, you might encounter pragmático (pragmatic). This usually refers to people or ideas rather than physical objects. A pragmatic person looks for functional solutions. If you are describing a software interface, you might use ergonómico (ergonomic) if the focus is on human comfort and health during use. This is a subset of being functional.

Comparison Table

Funcional: Focus on purpose/design.
Práctico: Focus on ease/utility.
Útil: Focus on general help.
Operativo: Focus on 'working' state.

El sistema ya está operativo y es muy funcional.

By expanding your range to include these alternatives, you can describe the world around you with much greater precision. Instead of just saying everything is 'bueno' (good), you can specify if it is functional, practical, or simply useful. This is the difference between an intermediate learner and a fluent speaker who understands the subtle textures of the Spanish language.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word entered Spanish in the late 19th century as industrialization made people think more about how machines and buildings worked.

发音指南

UK /fʊŋk.sjɔˈnal/

US /fuŋk.sjoˈnal/

The stress is on the last syllable 'nal' because it ends in 'l'.

押韵词

final canal puntual actual mental social total vital

常见错误

Pronouncing the 'u' like 'uh' (English 'fun'). It must be 'foo'.
Stressing the first syllable. It is funcioNAL, not FUNcional.
Adding an 'e' at the end for feminine (funcionala).
Pronouncing 'ci' as 'chi'. It is 'si' or 'thi'.
Mispronouncing the final 'l' as 'o' (common in some dialects but incorrect for learners).

难度评级

阅读 1/5

Very easy because it is a cognate of 'functional'.

写作 2/5

Easy, but remember the plural '-es' and gender neutrality.

口语 2/5

The stress is on the last syllable, which can be tricky for English speakers.

听力 1/5

Easily recognizable in conversation.

接下来学什么

前置知识

función usar útil práctico ser

接下来学习

funcionar funcionalidad eficiencia diseño diversidad

高级

funcionalismo utilitarismo pragmatismo ergonomía operatividad

需要掌握的语法

Adjectives ending in 'l' do not change for gender.

El mapa funcional / La guía funcional.

Plural of adjectives ending in 'l' is formed by adding '-es'.

Los mapas funcionales / Las guías funcionales.

Adjectives usually follow the noun in Spanish.

Un diseño funcional (NOT 'Un funcional diseño').

Use 'ser' for inherent qualities like 'funcional'.

La oficina es funcional.

Neuter 'lo' + adjective creates an abstract noun.

Lo funcional es lo más importante aquí.

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按水平分级的例句

Mi dormitorio es pequeño pero funcional.

My bedroom is small but functional.

Funcional describes the masculine noun 'dormitorio'.

Este lápiz es muy funcional.

This pencil is very functional.

Adjective following the noun.

La mesa de la cocina es funcional.

The kitchen table is functional.

Funcional describes the feminine noun 'mesa'.

Tengo una mochila funcional.

I have a functional backpack.

Adjective placement after the noun.

Nuestras sillas son funcionales.

Our chairs are functional.

Plural agreement: sillas -> funcionales.

El baño es simple y funcional.

The bathroom is simple and functional.

Two adjectives describing one noun.

Es un coche funcional.

It is a functional car.

Noun + adjective structure.

Los libros son funcionales para aprender.

Books are functional for learning.

Plural masculine noun agreement.

Prefiero un diseño funcional para mi oficina.

I prefer a functional design for my office.

Use of 'prefiero' with the adjective.

Hago entrenamiento funcional tres veces por semana.

I do functional training three times a week.

Common set phrase: entrenamiento funcional.

Estas herramientas no son bonitas, pero son funcionales.

These tools are not pretty, but they are functional.

Contrast between aesthetics and utility.

La aplicación tiene un menú muy funcional.

The application has a very functional menu.

Adjective modifying 'menú'.

Buscamos una casa que sea funcional para la familia.

We are looking for a house that is functional for the family.

Subjunctive 'sea' used with 'funcional'.

Tu método de estudio es muy funcional.

Your study method is very functional.

Abstract use of the word.

Los muebles de IKEA suelen ser muy funcionales.

IKEA furniture tends to be very functional.

Generalization about a brand.

Es importante tener un espacio de trabajo funcional.

It is important to have a functional workspace.

Infinitive phrase + adjective.

La nueva estructura de la empresa es mucho más funcional.

The company's new structure is much more functional.

Comparative 'mucho más'.

El arquitecto diseñó un edificio puramente funcional.

The architect designed a purely functional building.

Adverb 'puramente' modifying the adjective.

Necesitamos soluciones funcionales a los problemas de tráfico.

We need functional solutions to traffic problems.

Plural agreement with 'soluciones'.

Este software es funcional, pero la interfaz es fea.

This software is functional, but the interface is ugly.

Contrast using 'pero'.

La diversidad funcional es un tema importante en la educación.

Functional diversity is an important topic in education.

Modern term for disability.

El paciente mostró una recuperación funcional rápida.

The patient showed a fast functional recovery.

Medical context.

No es un objeto de lujo, es algo meramente funcional.

It's not a luxury object, it's something merely functional.

Adverb 'meramente'.

El departamento de ventas es la unidad funcional más grande.

The sales department is the largest functional unit.

Business term: unidad funcional.

El analfabetismo funcional afecta a una gran parte de la población.

Functional illiteracy affects a large part of the population.

Academic term: analfabetismo funcional.

Se requiere un análisis funcional del comportamiento del consumidor.

A functional analysis of consumer behavior is required.

Technical term: análisis funcional.

La vivienda fue reformada para ser totalmente funcional.

The house was renovated to be totally functional.

Passive voice 'fue reformada'.

El diseño industrial debe equilibrar lo estético y lo funcional.

Industrial design must balance the aesthetic and the functional.

Neuter article 'lo' used to create nouns from adjectives.

Esta herramienta es altamente funcional en condiciones extremas.

This tool is highly functional in extreme conditions.

Adverb 'altamente'.

La gramática funcional se centra en el uso del lenguaje.

Functional grammar focuses on the use of language.

Linguistic term.

El equipo de rescate utiliza uniformes muy funcionales.

The rescue team uses very functional uniforms.

Plural adjective agreement.

A pesar de su edad, el puente sigue siendo funcional.

Despite its age, the bridge remains functional.

Gerund 'siendo' with 'funcional'.

La arquitectura funcionalista de mediados de siglo transformó la ciudad.

Mid-century functionalist architecture transformed the city.

Related noun: funcionalista.

El bilingüismo funcional permite al hablante trabajar en ambos idiomas.

Functional bilingualism allows the speaker to work in both languages.

Sociolinguistic term.

Se ha detectado una alteración funcional en el lóbulo frontal.

A functional alteration in the frontal lobe has been detected.

Neurological context.

La empresa adoptó un enfoque funcional para reducir costes.

The company adopted a functional approach to reduce costs.

Strategic business context.

El arte no siempre tiene que ser funcional; puede ser puramente expresivo.

Art doesn't always have to be functional; it can be purely expressive.

Philosophical contrast.

La autonomía funcional es clave para la integración de personas mayores.

Functional autonomy is key for the integration of elderly people.

Gerontology term.

Los requisitos funcionales del sistema deben ser documentados rigurosamente.

The functional requirements of the system must be rigorously documented.

Software engineering terminology.

El mercado laboral exige competencias funcionales específicas.

The labor market demands specific functional competencies.

HR and labor economics context.

La correlación entre la estructura orgánica y la capacidad funcional es evidente.

The correlation between organic structure and functional capacity is evident.

High-level scientific discourse.

El paradigma de la programación funcional ha ganado terreno en el desarrollo web.

The functional programming paradigm has gained ground in web development.

Computer science paradigm.

Se debate la validez del funcionalismo como teoría sociológica contemporánea.

The validity of functionalism as a contemporary sociological theory is debated.

Sociological theory.

La prosa del autor es funcional, despojada de adornos innecesarios.

The author's prose is functional, stripped of unnecessary ornaments.

Literary criticism.

La integración funcional de los mercados europeos es un proceso complejo.

The functional integration of European markets is a complex process.

Macroeconomic/Political context.

El diseño de la interfaz prioriza la jerarquía funcional sobre el impacto visual.

The interface design prioritizes functional hierarchy over visual impact.

Advanced design terminology.

La neuroplasticidad permite la compensación funcional tras un traumatismo.

Neuroplasticity allows for functional compensation after trauma.

Medical/Biological science.

El léxico funcional de una lengua incluye preposiciones y conjunciones.

The functional lexicon of a language includes prepositions and conjunctions.

Linguistic classification.

常见搭配

diseño funcional

entrenamiento funcional

diversidad funcional

unidad funcional

analfabetismo funcional

requisitos funcionales

espacio funcional

muebles funcionales

recuperación funcional

programación funcional

常用短语

Ser funcional

— To be designed for a purpose.

Este edificio debe ser funcional.

Hacerse funcional

— To become useful or operational.

El sistema se hizo funcional tras la actualización.

Resultar funcional

— To turn out to be practical.

La nueva ley resultó ser muy funcional.

Altamente funcional

— Extremely practical.

Es un equipo altamente funcional.

Puramente funcional

— Only for utility, no beauty.

Es un diseño puramente funcional.

Estructura funcional

— How a system is organized by tasks.

La estructura funcional de la empresa.

Capacidad funcional

— The ability to perform tasks.

Evaluaron su capacidad funcional.

Nivel funcional

— The level at which something works.

Tiene un nivel funcional básico.

Zona funcional

— An area designated for a specific use.

La zona funcional del parque.

Relación funcional

— A relationship based on roles.

Tienen una relación puramente funcional.

容易混淆的词

funcional vs funciona

This is the verb 'it works'. Don't use 'es funcional' when you mean 'it works'.

funcional vs funcionario

This is a noun meaning 'civil servant' or 'government worker'.

funcional vs funcionamiento

This is the noun meaning 'operation' or 'way of working'.

习语与表达

"Diversidad funcional"

— The modern, respectful term for disability, focusing on different ways of functioning.

Trabaja con personas con diversidad funcional.

formal/social

"Analfabeto funcional"

— Someone who can read but can't apply the information to daily life.

Es un analfabeto funcional en tecnología.

neutral/critical

"Unidad funcional"

— A specific part of a larger system that does one job.

El hígado es una unidad funcional vital.

technical

"Categoría funcional"

— In linguistics, words like 'the' or 'and' that have grammatical roles.

Las preposiciones son categorías funcionales.

academic

"Entrenamiento funcional"

— A type of workout mimicking daily movements.

El crossfit es un tipo de entrenamiento funcional.

informal/gym

"Requisito funcional"

— A specific feature a product must have to work.

El login es un requisito funcional.

professional

"Análisis funcional"

— Studying how things work together.

Hicieron un análisis funcional del mercado.

academic

"Organigrama funcional"

— A company chart organized by role.

Prefiero el organigrama funcional.

business

"Alimento funcional"

— Food that provides health benefits beyond nutrition.

El yogur con probióticos es un alimento funcional.

scientific

"Dependencia funcional"

— When one thing relies on another to work.

Hay una dependencia funcional entre los módulos.

technical

容易混淆

funcional vs práctico

Both mean 'useful'.

Práctico is more about ease of use; funcional is more about intentional design.

Un cuchillo es práctico; su mango es funcional.

funcional vs útil

General synonyms.

Útil is very broad. Funcional is specific to purpose.

El dinero es útil, pero un martillo es funcional para clavar.

funcional vs operativo

Both relate to working.

Operativo means 'ready to work' or 'active'. Funcional means 'designed to work well'.

El avión ya está operativo.

funcional vs utilitario

Similar meanings.

Utilitario often has a negative connotation of being boring or ugly.

Es un coche utilitario y barato.

funcional vs eficiente

Both are positive traits.

Eficiente is about saving resources (time/money). Funcional is about the design fulfilling the task.

Un motor funcional puede no ser eficiente.

句型

El/La [noun] es funcional.

La mesa es funcional.

Es un/una [noun] muy funcional.

Es una silla muy funcional.

[Noun] + [adjective] + pero funcional.

Es pequeño pero funcional.

Buscamos algo que sea funcional.

Buscamos un coche que sea funcional.

Desde un punto de vista funcional...

Desde un punto de vista funcional, el plan es bueno.

Priorizar lo funcional sobre lo estético.

Debemos priorizar lo funcional.

Se trata de una unidad funcional de...

Se trata de una unidad funcional de marketing.

Dada la naturaleza funcional de...

Dada la naturaleza funcional de la lengua...

词族

名词

función

funcionalidad

funcionario

funcionalismo

动词

funcionar

形容词

funcional

funcionalista

如何使用

frequency

Common in professional and design contexts.

常见错误

La silla es funcionala. → La silla es funcional.
Adjectives ending in 'l' don't change for gender.
Mi reloj es funcional. → Mi reloj funciona.
Use the verb for 'it works', not the adjective.
Son objetos funcionals. → Son objetos funcionales.
Add '-es' for the plural of words ending in 'l'.
El entrenamiento es muy FUNcional. → El entrenamiento es muy funcioNAL.
The stress must be on the last syllable.
Es un funcional diseño. → Es un diseño funcional.
Adjectives usually go after the noun in Spanish.

小贴士

Remember the Plural

Always add '-es' for plural. 'Estos diseños son funcionales'. Never say 'funcionals'.

Use it for Design

Whenever you describe a room or a tool, 'funcional' is a high-level word that makes you sound smarter.

Be Respectful

Use 'diversidad funcional' in Spain to sound socially aware and polite.

Stress the End

Put the emphasis on the 'NAL'. Say it like: fun-syo-NAL.

Avoid Spanglish

Don't say 'está funcional' for 'it's working'. Say 'funciona'.

Professional Tone

In business, use 'estructura funcional' to describe how departments are set up.

Cognate Advantage

Since it's almost the same as English, use it often to build your confidence in speaking.

Home Decor

Use it when shopping for furniture: 'Busco algo funcional'.

Gym Talk

Ask for 'ejercicios funcionales' if you want a full-body workout.

vs Utilitario

Choose 'funcional' for a positive vibe and 'utilitario' for a strictly basic vibe.

记住它

记忆技巧

FUN-ction-AL. It's ALL about the FUNction, not the fashion.

视觉联想

Imagine an IKEA chair: simple, wooden, no decorations, but very sturdy and easy to sit on. That is 'funcional'.

Word Web

útil práctico diseño trabajo eficiente uso propósito sistema

挑战

Go around your room and find 3 things that are 'funcionales' and 3 things that are 'decorativas'. Say them out loud in Spanish.

词源

From the Latin 'functio' (performance, execution) and the suffix '-al' (relating to).

原始含义： Relating to the performance of a duty or role.

Romance (Latin root).

文化背景

Always use 'diversidad funcional' instead of 'discapacidad' in formal Spanish settings to be most respectful.

In English, 'functional' can sometimes mean 'it just barely works' (e.g., a functional alcoholic). In Spanish, it almost always refers to design and is usually positive.

Le Corbusier (Architect who championed functionalism) Bauhaus movement (Known for 'funcionalismo') Spanish Law of Dependency (Uses 'diversidad funcional')

在生活中练习

真实语境

Interior Design

Muebles funcionales
Espacio funcional
Cocina funcional
Diseño funcional

Gym/Fitness

Entrenamiento funcional
Rutina funcional
Movimientos funcionales
Cuerpo funcional

Technology

Requisitos funcionales
Programación funcional
Interfaz funcional
Módulo funcional

Medicine/Social

Diversidad funcional
Recuperación funcional
Capacidad funcional
Autonomía funcional

Business

Organigrama funcional
Estructura funcional
Unidad funcional
Área funcional

对话开场白

"¿Prefieres que tu casa sea bonita o que sea funcional?"

"¿Qué opinas del entrenamiento funcional en el gimnasio?"

"¿Crees que el diseño de los teléfonos actuales es funcional?"

"¿Cómo podemos hacer que esta oficina sea más funcional para todos?"

"¿Es importante el diseño funcional en el arte moderno?"

日记主题

Describe un objeto en tu casa que sea muy funcional pero no muy bonito. ¿Por qué lo guardas?

Escribe sobre tu rutina de ejercicios. ¿Incluyes movimientos funcionales?

¿Qué significa para ti vivir en un espacio funcional?

Investiga el término 'diversidad funcional' y escribe tu opinión sobre este cambio de lenguaje.

Piensa en una aplicación que uses mucho. ¿Es su diseño funcional o solo estético?

常见问题

10 个问题

Se dice siempre 'funcional'. Los adjetivos que terminan en 'l' son invariables para el género. Por ejemplo: 'el hombre funcional' y 'la mujer funcional'.

No es lo más natural. Es mejor decir 'mi teléfono funciona'. 'Funcional' se refiere más al diseño o la utilidad del objeto.

Es un término moderno y respetuoso para referirse a la discapacidad, enfatizando que todas las personas funcionan de maneras diferentes.

El plural es 'funcionales'. Se añade '-es' porque termina en consonante.

Generalmente no, a menos que hables de su capacidad de trabajo en un contexto médico o técnico. Para decir que alguien es práctico, usa 'práctico' o 'resolutivo'.

Sí, es muy común en el trabajo, en el gimnasio y al hablar de diseño o tecnología.

Es poco común. Normalmente se usa 'ser funcional'. 'Estar funcional' se usa a veces en informática para decir que un servicio está activo.

'Funcional' se centra en el diseño y el propósito. 'Práctico' se centra en la facilidad y el beneficio inmediato.

No, ambas vienen del latín 'functio', pero son cognados perfectos, lo que significa que tienen el mismo origen y significado similar.

Se dice 'entrenamiento funcional'. Es un término muy popular en todos los países de habla hispana.

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