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ایوان

A2 noun #8,000 最常用 9分钟阅读

ایوان

eyvan 前8,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 ایوان 30秒了解

解析 ایوان in your Level:

At the A1 level, think of ایوان (Eyvān) as a simple word for a 'balcony' or 'porch.' It is a place in a house, just like the kitchen or the bedroom. You can use it in very simple sentences to describe where people are or where things are located. For example, 'The cat is on the porch' or 'The flower is on the balcony.' At this stage, you don't need to worry about the historical architecture; just focus on it as a part of a home. It is a noun, and you can use it with 'has' (dārad) or 'is' (ast). Most Iranian houses or apartments have an eyvān, so it is a very useful word for basic conversation about your living space.

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At the A2 level, you can start using ایوان to describe daily routines and preferences. You might say 'I like to drink tea on the porch' or 'We sit on the balcony in the evening.' You should learn to use the preposition 'dar' (in) with it, as in 'dar eyvān.' You can also start adding simple adjectives to describe the space, such as 'bozorg' (big), 'kuchek' (small), or 'zibā' (beautiful). At this level, you are beginning to talk about your environment, and the eyvān is a great topic for practicing 'there is' (vojud dārad) or describing your dream house. You might also hear it in simple stories or when people talk about their childhood homes.

For B1 learners, ایوان becomes a more descriptive tool. You can use it to talk about Iranian culture and architecture in a basic way. You might explain that traditional houses have large eyvāns to stay cool. You can use more complex verbs like 'tamyiz kardan' (to clean) or 'tazin kardan' (to decorate). You will start to see the word in travel brochures and descriptions of famous Persian gardens and palaces. At this level, you should be able to distinguish between a modern 'balkon' and a traditional 'eyvān.' You can also use the word in the context of hospitality, describing how you host guests on the porch during a summer night.

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At the B2 level, you should understand the architectural significance of the ایوان. You can discuss its role in Persian history, from the Sassanid palaces to the Great Mosques of Isfahan. You should be comfortable using the word in more formal contexts, such as describing the 'North Iwan' of a mosque in a presentation. You can use more sophisticated vocabulary to describe the atmosphere, such as 'delbāz' (spacious/pleasant) or 'moshref' (overlooking). You might also encounter the word in more advanced literature or news reports about cultural heritage. You can compare the eyvān to Western architectural features like the 'portico' or 'veranda' and explain the differences in usage and design.

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At the C1 level, you will encounter ایوان in classical and modern Persian poetry and literature. Here, the word often carries symbolic weight. It might represent a threshold between the self and the world, or a place of spiritual reflection. You will read about the 'Iwan of Madain' in poems that reflect on the vanity of power and the passage of time. You should be able to analyze how the eyvān functions as a 'liminal space' in Persian thought—a bridge between the private (andaruni) and the public (biruni). Your vocabulary should include terms like 'muqarnas' (ornamental vaulting) often found in these spaces, and you should be able to discuss the philosophy of Persian spatial design.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of the word's technical, historical, and metaphorical nuances. You can engage in academic debates about the origins of the Iwan in Parthian architecture and its influence on the development of the 'four-iwan' mosque plan. You can interpret complex literary metaphors where the eyvān serves as a microcosm of the cosmos. You understand the word's etymology from Old Persian and its cognates in other Indo-European languages. Whether you are reading a technical architectural thesis or a 10th-century epic like the Shahnameh, you understand exactly what the ایوان signifies in that specific context, from a site of royal justice to a symbol of architectural perfection.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

ایوان 30秒了解

A versatile Persian noun meaning balcony, porch, or veranda.
Historically, a grand vaulted hall open on one side to a courtyard.
Essential in Iranian daily life for tea, plants, and fresh air.
A bridge between private indoor spaces and public outdoor areas.

The Persian word ایوان (pronounced 'eyvān') is a cornerstone of both architectural terminology and everyday domestic life in Iran. At its most basic level, it refers to a platform or a space that is open on one side to the outdoors, typically enclosed by a wall or a railing. In modern contexts, it is often translated as 'balcony,' 'porch,' or 'veranda.' However, to truly understand the word, one must look at its historical weight. In traditional Persian architecture, an Iwan is a rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open. This grand architectural feature was used in palaces and mosques to create a majestic entrance or a transition between the interior and the courtyard.

The Modern Domestic Context: In a typical Iranian apartment today, the ایوان is the small outdoor space where people might keep potted plants (especially geraniums), dry their laundry, or sit on a small stool to enjoy the evening air. It serves as a vital connection to the outside world in dense urban environments like Tehran.
The Architectural Grandeur: When visiting historical sites like the Ali Qapu palace in Isfahan, the term refers to a massive elevated terrace. These structures were designed to provide shade and cool breezes while offering a panoramic view of the royal square. Here, the word carries a sense of nobility and artistic mastery.
Social and Cultural Usage: Socially, the ایوان is a space of transition. It is neither fully inside the private sanctuary of the home nor fully in the public eye. It is where neighbors might exchange a quick greeting or where a family gathers for tea during the 'asruneh' (afternoon snack time).

مادربزرگ همیشه عصرها در ایوان می‌نشیند و سماور را روشن می‌کند.
— Translation: Grandmother always sits on the porch in the afternoons and lights the samovar.

Historically, the evolution of the ایوان can be traced back to the Parthian and Sassanid periods. The most famous example is the Taq Kasra, the monumental archway in Ctesiphon, which is essentially a giant Iwan. This architectural form was so successful that it became a defining feature of Islamic architecture across the Middle East, Central Asia, and even India (seen in the great portals of the Taj Mahal). For an English speaker, while 'balcony' covers the functional aspect in a modern apartment, 'veranda' or 'portico' often captures the more traditional, spacious feel of a Persian home's ایوان.

گل‌های شمعدانی در ایوان خانه ما بسیار زیبا شده‌اند.
— Translation: The geranium flowers on our house balcony have become very beautiful.

از ایوان طبقه پنجم، تمام شهر زیر پای ما بود.
— Translation: From the fifth-floor balcony, the entire city was beneath our feet.

When using this word, consider the scale. If you are talking about a tiny ledge in a modern skyscraper, Iranians might also use the loanword 'بالکن' (balkon), but ایوان remains the more 'Persian' and evocative term, suggesting a place of rest, reflection, and connection with nature. It is a word that evokes the smell of rain on brick and the sound of birds in the garden.

Using ایوان correctly requires understanding its role as a noun that describes a physical location. It is frequently paired with verbs of movement and stationary action. Because it is a place, you will almost always see it preceded by prepositions like در (in/on), به (to), or از (from).

Location and Stasis: To describe being on the porch, use در ایوان. Example: 'ما در ایوان شام خوردیم' (We ate dinner on the porch). This is the most common construction for daily activities.
Movement Towards: To describe moving to the porch, use به ایوان. Example: 'او برای دیدن باران به ایوان رفت' (He went to the porch to see the rain).
Descriptive Possession: When describing a house with a porch, you use the 'Ezafe' construction: ایوانِ خانه (The porch of the house). Example: 'ایوانِ این خانه بسیار بزرگ است' (The porch of this house is very large).

بچه‌ها در ایوان مشغول بازی هستند.

The children are busy playing on the porch.

In literary or poetic Persian, ایوان is often used metaphorically to represent the world or a high station. You might encounter phrases like 'ایوانِ هستی' (The porch of existence). However, for A2 learners, focusing on the physical space is most practical. Notice how the word interacts with adjectives: ایوانِ دلباز (a spacious/cheerful porch), ایوانِ کوچک (a small balcony), or ایوانِ چوبی (a wooden porch).

آیا خانه شما ایوان دارد؟

Does your house have a balcony?

In architecture, we also talk about 'ایوان‌های مساجد' (the iwans of the mosques). Here, the plural form ایوان‌ها is used. In modern real estate listings, you might see 'دارای ایوان اختصاصی' (having a private balcony). This shows the word's versatility across formal and informal registers. Whether you are describing a grand palace or a humble apartment, ایوان remains the standard, elegant term for that outdoor-indoor bridge.

You will hear ایوان in a variety of settings, ranging from the mundane to the majestic. In daily life, conversations about housing are the most common source. When someone is describing their apartment or looking for a new place to rent, they will invariably ask about the ایوان. In these contexts, it is a functional requirement for many Iranians who value having a space for fresh air.

«این آپارتمان ایوان خیلی بزرگی دارد که رو به کوه است.»

Tourism and history are another major domain. If you take a guided tour of Persepolis or the Friday Mosque in Isfahan, the guide will frequently point out the 'North Iwan' or the 'Grand Iwan.' In this context, the word takes on a more technical, architectural meaning, referring to the massive vaulted entrances typical of Persian design.

In Literature and Song: Persian music and poetry often use the ایوان as a setting for longing or reflection. You might hear a song where a lover stands on the eyvān watching the moon, symbolizing a state of waiting or loneliness. It is a romanticized space where the private soul meets the vast night sky.
News and Media: In news reports, especially those concerning historical preservation, you might hear about the 'restoration of the iwans' of a particular shrine. For example, 'بازسازی ایوان طلای حرم' (The restoration of the Golden Iwan of the shrine).

«بیا توی ایوان، هوا خیلی عالیه!»

Finally, you will hear it in classical Persian literature. The famous 'Iwan of Madain' (Taq Kasra) is a recurring motif in Persian poetry, serving as a 'memento mori'—a reminder of the transience of worldly power. When poets mention that grand ایوان, they are usually reflecting on the fall of empires and the passage of time. Thus, the word bridges the gap between a place to put your shoes and a symbol of civilizational history.

While ایوان is a relatively straightforward noun, English speakers often stumble on its nuances and its relationship with similar architectural terms. The most common mistake is confusing it with other parts of the house or using the wrong preposition.

Confusing 'Eyvan' with 'Balkon': While often interchangeable in modern speech, ایوان usually implies a more integrated, traditional, or larger space, whereas بالکن (balkon) specifically refers to the modern, often smaller, cantilevered platform attached to an apartment. Using 'balkon' for a grand palace entrance would be a stylistic error.
Preposition Errors: English speakers often want to say 'روی ایوان' (on the porch) because that's the literal translation of the English 'on.' While 'روی' is technically understood, Iranians almost always say در ایوان (in the porch) or توی ایوان (inside the porch). To an Iranian ear, 'روی' sounds like you are standing on top of the railing or the roof of the porch!
Misidentifying 'Iwan' vs. 'Sahn': In mosque architecture, learners often confuse the ایوان (the vaulted hall) with the صحن (sahn - the open courtyard). Remember: the sahn is the open sky area, and the eyvan is the covered, three-walled space looking into it.

❌ من روی ایوان نشستم.

✅ من در ایوان نشستم.

Note: Use 'dar' (in) rather than 'ru-ye' (on) for a more natural sound.

Another subtle mistake is forgetting that ایوان is a masculine noun in terms of its historical 'vibe,' but Persian has no grammatical gender. However, the adjectives you pair with it should reflect its status. For a beautiful, traditional porch, use ایوانِ باصفا (a porch with a good atmosphere) rather than just 'good.' Iranians value the 'atmosphere' of an eyvan greatly, so using the right descriptive adjectives is key to sounding like a native.

Persian has several words for outdoor spaces attached to a house, and choosing the right one depends on the architecture and the size of the space. Here is how ایوان compares to its cousins.

ایوان (Eyvān) vs. بالکن (Balkon): ایوان: More traditional, often larger, can be at ground level or elevated. It implies a more permanent architectural feature.
بالکن: A modern loanword, specifically for the small platforms sticking out from apartment buildings. If it's a 2x1 meter space in a high-rise, call it a balkon.
ایوان (Eyvān) vs. تراس (Terās): ایوان: Usually has a roof (the vault or the floor above).
تراس: Often refers to a larger, open-to-the-sky area, like a flat roof used for sitting. In modern real estate, 'terās' is seen as more 'luxury' than 'balkon.'
ایوان (Eyvān) vs. بهارخواب (Bahār-khāb): ایوان: A general term for the porch.
بهارخواب: Literally 'Spring Sleep.' This is a specific type of elevated terrace without a roof, used traditionally for sleeping outdoors during the cool spring and summer nights. It is a more romantic and traditional architectural term.

خانه قدیمی پدربزرگ یک ایوانِ بزرگ و یک بهارخواب داشت.

Grandfather's old house had a large porch and a sleeping terrace.

In summary, use ایوان as your 'default' word for any porch-like space. Use بالکن for modern city apartments, تراس for large open spaces, and رواق for grand, columnar halls. Understanding these distinctions will help you describe Persian homes and monuments with much greater precision.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The 'Apadana' palace in Persepolis shares the same linguistic root as the modern word 'Eyvān'.

发音指南

UK /eɪˈvɑːn/

US /eɪˈvɑn/

The stress is on the second syllable: ey-VĀN.

押韵词

کیوان (Keyvān) دیوان (Divān) کاروان (Kārevān) پاسبان (Pāsebān) مهربان (Mehrabān) آسمان (Āsemān) قهرمان (Ghahremān) میزبان (Mizbān)

常见错误

Pronouncing it like the name 'Ivan' (EE-van).
Making the first syllable too short.
Using a short 'a' like in 'can' for the second syllable instead of the long 'aa' in 'father'.
Confusing the 'v' sound with a 'w' sound.
Stressing the first syllable instead of the second.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

The word itself is easy to read, but it appears in very complex architectural and poetic texts.

写作 2/5

Simple spelling, though learners must remember the 'vav' is a consonant here.

口语 3/5

Correct pronunciation of the 'ey' diphthong and the long 'ā' is important for sounding natural.

听力 2/5

Easily recognizable in conversation once the 'ey' sound is mastered.

接下来学什么

前置知识

خانه (House) در (Door/In) بالا (Up) بیرون (Outside) نشستن (To sit)

接下来学习

حیاط (Yard) ستون (Column) سقف (Roof) پنجره (Window) نرده (Railing)

高级

مقرنس (Muqarnas) کاشی‌کاری (Tilework) رواق (Portico) تارک (Arch/Apex) صحن (Courtyard)

需要掌握的语法

Ezafe Construction

ایوانِ (eyvān-e) خانه

Preposition 'Dar'

در ایوان (in the porch)

Pluralization with '-hā'

ایوان‌ها (porches)

Adjective placement

ایوانِ بزرگ (big porch)

Object marker 'rā'

ایوان را تمیز کردم.

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按水平分级的例句

ایوان کوچک است.

The porch is small.

Simple subject + adjective + verb 'to be'.

گربه در ایوان است.

The cat is on the porch.

Use of 'dar' as a preposition for location.

این خانه ایوان دارد.

This house has a porch.

Verb 'dārad' (has) indicates possession.

گل‌ها در ایوان هستند.

The flowers are on the balcony.

Plural subject with plural verb 'hastand'.

من ایوان را دوست دارم.

I like the porch.

Direct object marker 'rā' used with the noun.

ایوان کجاست؟

Where is the porch?

Interrogative 'kojāst' (where is).

او به ایوان می‌رود.

He/She goes to the porch.

Present continuous tense for movement.

ایوانِ من زیباست.

My porch is beautiful.

Ezafe construction for possession (eyvān-e man).

ما هر روز عصر در ایوان چای می‌خوریم.

We drink tea on the porch every afternoon.

Adverb of frequency 'har ruz' and habitual action.

ایوان خانه ما رو به باغ است.

Our house's porch faces the garden.

The phrase 'ru be' means 'facing' or 'towards'.

مادرم در ایوان لباس می‌شوید.

My mother washes clothes on the porch.

Subject-Object-Verb order.

هوا در ایوان خیلی خنک است.

The air on the porch is very cool.

Describing weather/atmosphere in a location.

لطفاً کفش‌هایت را در ایوان بگذار.

Please put your shoes on the porch.

Imperative mood with 'be-' prefix.

ایوانِ این هتل خیلی بزرگ و دلباز است.

This hotel's balcony is very large and spacious.

Compound adjectives (bozorg va delbāz).

آیا می‌توانیم در ایوان صبحانه بخوریم؟

Can we eat breakfast on the porch?

Modal verb 'tavānestan' (can) with subjunctive.

دیشب در ایوان خوابیدیم چون هوا گرم بود.

Last night we slept on the porch because it was hot.

Simple past tense and reason clause with 'chon'.

در معماری سنتی ایران، ایوان نقش مهمی دارد.

In traditional Iranian architecture, the iwan plays an important role.

Abstract noun 'naqsh' (role) with 'dārad'.

ایوان‌های عالی‌قاپو منظره‌ای بی‌نظیر به میدان نقش جهان دارند.

The balconies of Ali Qapu have a unique view of Naqsh-e Jahan Square.

Plural noun with a specific historical proper noun.

او تمام گلدان‌هایش را به ایوان منتقل کرد.

She moved all her flower pots to the balcony.

Compound verb 'montaqel kardan' (to move/transfer).

صدای پرندگان از ایوان به گوش می‌رسید.

The sound of birds could be heard from the porch.

Passive-like construction 'be gush mi-resid'.

ایوانِ خانه قدیمی با ستون‌های چوبی تزئین شده بود.

The old house's porch was decorated with wooden columns.

Past participle 'tazin shodeh' (decorated).

ما معمولاً شب‌های تابستان در ایوان دور هم جمع می‌شویم.

We usually gather together on the porch during summer nights.

Phrasal verb 'dur-e ham jam' shodan'.

نرده‌های ایوان نیاز به رنگ‌آمیزی دارند.

The porch railings need painting.

Noun 'niyāz' (need) with 'dārand'.

ایوانِ طبقه بالا سایه خوبی روی حیاط می‌اندازد.

The upstairs porch casts a good shadow on the yard.

Idiomatic use of 'sāyeh andākhtan' (to cast a shadow).

ایوان‌های بلند مساجد اصفهان با کاشی‌کاری‌های فیروزه‌ای پوشیده شده‌اند.

The tall iwans of Isfahan's mosques are covered with turquoise tilework.

Passive voice with 'pushideh shodan'.

طراح ساختمان سعی کرد ایوان را به گونه‌ای بسازد که نور طبیعی بیشتری وارد خانه شود.

The building designer tried to build the balcony in a way that more natural light would enter the house.

Purpose clause with 'ke' and subjunctive mood.

در آپارتمان‌های مدرن، ایوان اغلب به عنوان فضایی برای انبار استفاده می‌شود که مایه تاسف است.

In modern apartments, the balcony is often used as a storage space, which is unfortunate.

Complex sentence with relative clause 'ke māye-ye tasof ast'.

او در حالی که در ایوان قدم می‌زد، به مشکلاتش فکر می‌کرد.

While walking on the porch, he was thinking about his problems.

Simultaneous actions using 'dar hāli ke'.

ایوانِ ورودی ساختمان با طاق‌های ضربی ساخته شده است.

The building's entrance iwan is built with cross vaults.

Technical architectural term 'tāq-e zarbi'.

مقررات جدید شهرداری ساخت ایوان‌های بدون حفاظ را ممنوع کرده است.

New municipal regulations have banned the construction of balconies without railings.

Formal vocabulary: 'moqararāt' (regulations), 'mamnu' (forbidden).

تفاوت بین ایوان و تراس در معماری معاصر گاهی اوقات بسیار ناچیز است.

The difference between an iwan and a terrace in contemporary architecture is sometimes very slight.

Comparative structure.

ایوانِ طلای حرم امام رضا یکی از باشکوه‌ترین نمونه‌های هنر اسلامی است.

The Golden Iwan of Imam Reza's shrine is one of the most magnificent examples of Islamic art.

Superlative adjective 'bā-shokuh-tarin'.

خاقانی در قصیده معروف خود، ایوان مدائن را آیینه‌ی عبرت می‌داند.

Khaqani, in his famous ode, considers the Iwan of Madain as a mirror of warning.

Literary reference and complex object-complement structure.

ایوان در فلسفه معماری ایرانی، فضای میانجی بین عالم درون و بیرون تلقی می‌شود.

In the philosophy of Iranian architecture, the iwan is considered a mediating space between the inner and outer worlds.

Academic passive 'talaqqi mi-shavad'.

شعر سهراب سپهری سرشار از تصاویری است که در ایوان و حیاط اتفاق می‌افتند.

Sohrab Sepehri's poetry is full of images that take place on the porch and in the yard.

Relative clause describing a literary style.

تزئینات مقرنس در ایوان‌های مساجد عهد صفوی به اوج تکامل خود رسید.

Muqarnas decorations in the iwans of Safavid-era mosques reached their peak of evolution.

Historical period 'ahd-e Safavi' and technical term 'moqarnas'.

او با نگاهی حسرت‌بار به ایوانِ فروریخته خانه پدری نگریست.

He looked with a longing gaze at the collapsed porch of his father's house.

Adverbial phrase 'bā negāhi hasrat-bār'.

حفظ و مرمت ایوان‌های تاریخی نیازمند بودجه و تخصص بالایی است.

Preserving and restoring historical iwans requires a high budget and expertise.

Gerunds 'hefz va mormat' used as subjects.

ایوانِ قصر در زیر نور ماه، شکوهی افسانه‌ای به خود گرفته بود.

The palace porch under the moonlight had taken on a legendary glory.

Metaphorical verb 'be khod gereftan'.

در متون کهن، ایوان گاهی به معنای کل کاشانه و محل سکونت به کار رفته است.

In ancient texts, 'iwan' has sometimes been used to mean the entire home and dwelling place.

Reference to semantic shift in historical linguistics.

پدیدارشناسی فضای ایوان در معماری بومی ایران، گویای دیالکتیک میان ساحت‌های خصوصی و عمومی است.

The phenomenology of the iwan space in Iran's vernacular architecture speaks to the dialectic between private and public spheres.

High-level academic vocabulary: 'padidār-shenāsi' (phenomenology).

ایوانِ مداین، تذکاری است بر زوال ناگزیر قدرت‌های دنیوی در بستر تاریخ.

The Iwan of Madain is a reminder of the inevitable decline of worldly powers within the context of history.

Philosophical and formal register.

تحول کالبدی ایوان از دوران اشکانی تا عصر حاضر، بازتاب‌دهنده تغییرات بنیادین در سبک زندگی ایرانیان است.

The physical transformation of the iwan from the Parthian era to the present age reflects fundamental changes in the Iranian lifestyle.

Abstract concept 'tahavol-e kālbadi' (physical transformation).

در برخی گویش‌های محلی، واژه ایوان با طنین‌های معنایی متفاوتی در مورد فضاهای نیمه‌باز به کار می‌رود.

In some local dialects, the word 'iwan' is used with different semantic resonances regarding semi-open spaces.

Linguistic analysis of dialectal variations.

تقابل میان ایوان‌های عمیق و سایه‌دار با صحن‌های پرنور، جوهره زیبایی‌شناختی مساجد ایرانی را شکل می‌دهد.

The contrast between deep, shaded iwans and bright courtyards forms the aesthetic essence of Iranian mosques.

Aesthetic analysis using 'taqābol' (contrast/opposition).

ایوان به مثابه یک مفصل معماری، پیونددهنده هندسه صلب بنا با فضای سیال طبیعت است.

The iwan, as an architectural joint, links the rigid geometry of the building with the fluid space of nature.

Metaphorical use of 'mafsal' (joint/hinge).

خوانش واسازانه از مفهوم ایوان در ادبیات معاصر، لایه‌های پنهان نوستالژی و فقدان را آشکار می‌سازد.

A deconstructive reading of the concept of 'iwan' in contemporary literature reveals hidden layers of nostalgia and loss.

Literary theory terminology: 'khānesh-e vāsāzāneh' (deconstructive reading).

تثبیت الگوی چهارایوانی در معماری سلجوقی، نقطه عطفی در تاریخ‌نگاری هنر اسلامی به شمار می‌آید.

The stabilization of the four-iwan pattern in Seljuk architecture is considered a turning point in the historiography of Islamic art.

Historical historiography 'tārikh-negāri'.

常见搭配

نشستن در ایوان

ایوان دلباز

چای در ایوان

ایوان ستون‌دار

ایوانِ خانه

نرده ایوان

ایوان اختصاصی

رو به ایوان

ایوانِ بزرگ

تمیز کردن ایوان

常用短语

ایوان بهار

— A metaphorical phrase often used in poetry to describe the beginning of spring.

بهار به ایوان خانه آمده است.

ایوان طلا

— Specifically refers to the famous golden porches in holy shrines like Mashhad.

زائران در ایوان طلا دعا می‌کنند.

ایوان بلند

— Used to describe grand or high balconies, often in a literary sense.

قصر دارای ایوان‌های بلندی بود.

ایوانِ خاطره

— A poetic way to refer to a place where one has many memories.

این ایوان برای من ایوانِ خاطره است.

در ایوان ایستادن

— To stand on the balcony, often implying watching something.

او در ایوان ایستاده بود و باران را نگاه می‌کرد.

ایوانِ پرگل

— A balcony full of flowers, a common sight in Iranian homes.

آن‌ها زیباترین ایوانِ پرگل محله را دارند.

ایوانِ خنک

— A cool porch, highly valued during hot summer months.

هیچ‌جا مثل ایوانِ خنک خانه نیست.

ایوانِ مشترک

— A shared balcony, common in some older apartment designs.

ما با همسایه یک ایوانِ مشترک داریم.

ایوانِ چوبی

— A wooden porch, typical of architecture in northern Iran.

خانه‌های شمال ایوان‌های چوبی زیبایی دارند.

از ایوان صدا کردن

— To call someone from the balcony.

مادرم مرا از ایوان صدا کرد.

容易混淆的词

ایوان vs ایوان (Ivan)

The Russian name 'Ivan' is pronounced differently but looks similar in English script.

ایوان vs حیوان (Heyvān)

Meaning 'animal.' They sound similar to beginners, but the first letter and vowel are different.

ایوان vs دیوان (Divān)

Meaning a collection of poems or a court. Only the first letter is different.

习语与表达

"ایوانِ مدائن را آیینه‌ی عبرت کردن"

— To learn from the downfall of great powers; to take a lesson from history.

باید از سرنوشت گذشتگان درس گرفت و ایوان مدائن را آیینه‌ی عبرت کرد.

Literary / Formal

"در ایوانِ خود نشستن و پادشاهی کردن"

— To be content and happy in one's own small space, feeling like a king.

او با همین حقوق کم، در ایوان خود نشسته و پادشاهی می‌کند.

Informal / Poetic

"ایوانِ هفت‌رنگ"

— Metaphor for the sky or the world, often used in classical poetry.

چرخ بر این ایوانِ هفت‌رنگ چه بازی‌ها که در نمی‌آورد.

Classical Poetic

"پای از ایوان فراتر نهادن"

— To go beyond one's limits or to venture into the unknown.

او بالاخره تصمیم گرفت پای از ایوان فراتر نهد و سفر را آغاز کند.

Literary

"ایوانِ تهی"

— An empty house or a life without meaning/heirs.

بعد از رفتن آن‌ها، خانه به ایوانی تهی تبدیل شد.

Poetic

"بر ایوانِ فلک"

— On the highest point of the heavens; reaching great heights of success.

نام او بر ایوانِ فلک نوشته خواهد شد.

Literary

"ایوانِ کیوان"

— The highest heaven (Saturn's sphere); symbolizing extreme height or grandeur.

قصر او گویی بر ایوانِ کیوان بنا شده بود.

Archaic / Poetic

"خاکِ ایوان"

— Symbolizing humility; the lowliest part of a grand structure.

من خاکِ ایوانِ شما هستم.

Formal / Polite (Ta'arof)

"ایوان‌نشین"

— Someone who lives in luxury or high status (literally 'one who sits on the iwan').

ایوان‌نشینان از حال کوخ‌نشینان خبر ندارند.

Literary / Political

"سقفِ ایوان"

— Used metaphorically to describe the limit of one's vision or world.

دنیای او به سقفِ ایوانِ خانه‌اش محدود بود.

Poetic

容易混淆

ایوان vs بالکن

Both mean balcony.

'Eyvān' is traditional/Persian, 'Balkon' is modern/French loanword. 'Eyvān' usually has more architectural character.

در آپارتمان‌های جدید به ایوان می‌گویند بالکن.

ایوان vs تراس

Both are outdoor spaces.

'Terās' is usually unroofed and larger; 'Eyvān' is roofed/vaulted.

تراس برای آفتاب گرفتن بهتر از ایوان است.

ایوان vs رواق

Both are porch-like.

'Ravāq' specifically involves a series of columns (a colonnade).

رواق‌های میدان نقش جهان سایه خوبی دارند.

ایوان vs بهارخواب

Both are elevated sitting areas.

'Bahār-khāb' is specifically for sleeping and usually lacks a roof.

تابستان‌ها در بهارخواب می‌خوابیم.

ایوان vs صحن

Both are parts of a mosque/palace.

'Sahn' is the open courtyard; 'Eyvān' is the covered hall opening into it.

از صحن وارد ایوان شدیم.

句型

[Subject] در ایوان است.

مادر در ایوان است.

من [Activity] در ایوان را دوست دارم.

من چای خوردن در ایوان را دوست دارم.

این خانه دارای یک ایوانِ [Adjective] است.

این خانه دارای یک ایوانِ بزرگ است.

از ایوان می‌توان [Object] را دید.

از ایوان می‌توان کوه را دید.

ایوان به عنوان [Function] عمل می‌کند.

ایوان به عنوان فضایی برای استراحت عمل می‌کند.

ایوان نمادی از [Concept] در ادبیات است.

ایوان نمادی از انتظار در ادبیات است.

با نگاهی به ایوان، می‌توان به [Thought] پی برد.

با نگاهی به ایوان، می‌توان به شکوه گذشته پی برد.

ساختار ایوان بازتاب‌دهنده [Complex Idea] است.

ساختار ایوان بازتاب‌دهنده جهان‌بینی معمار است.

词族

名词

ایوانچه (Small iwan/balcony)

ایوان‌گاه (Place of the iwan)

形容词

ایوانی (Relating to an iwan)

如何使用

frequency

Highly frequent in both architectural and domestic contexts.

常见错误

Saying 'ru-ye eyvān'. → dar eyvān
Persian conceptualizes the porch as a space you are 'in' rather than a surface you are 'on'.
Using 'Eyvān' for a yard. → hayāt
An 'Eyvān' is a raised platform attached to the building, while a 'hayāt' is the open ground-level yard.
Mispronouncing as 'EE-vān'. → EY-vān
The first vowel is 'ey' (as in 'grey'), not 'ee' (as in 'see').
Using 'Eyvān' for a roof terrace. → posht-e bām / terās
An 'Eyvān' is usually associated with a specific floor and has a roof, whereas a roof terrace is the very top of the building.
Confusing 'Eyvān' with 'Hall' (pazirāyi). → pazirāyi / sālōn
The 'pazirāyi' is the indoor living room, while the 'eyvān' is the outdoor/semi-open extension.

小贴士

Learn the Diphthong

The first syllable 'Ey' is a diphthong. Practice saying 'Hey' without the 'H' to get the sound right.

Tea Time

Associate 'Eyvān' with 'Chāy' (tea). Imagine yourself drinking tea on a cool Persian porch to remember the word.

Ezafe Mastery

Practice the Ezafe: 'Eyvān-e bozorg', 'Eyvān-e zibā'. It’s a great word for practicing noun-adjective links.

Architecture Connection

When you see a big arch in a mosque photo, point and say 'Eyvān'. This links the word to its grand historical meaning.

Use 'Dar'

Force yourself to use 'dar' instead of 'ru-ye'. It will make you sound 100% more like a native speaker immediately.

Sham'dāni

Visualize red geraniums (Sham'dāni) on a balcony. In Iran, 'Eyvān' and 'Sham'dāni' go hand in hand.

Describe your View

Write one sentence about what you see from your balcony using 'Az eyvān...'

Ancient Roots

Remembering that it's related to 'Apadana' helps you realize its importance in Persian history.

Song Lyrics

Search for Persian songs with 'Eyvān' in the lyrics to hear different emotional tones of the word.

Hospitality

Understand that the 'Eyvān' is a welcoming space. It’s where you host friends on a nice day.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine an 'Eye' (ای) looking out from a 'Van' (وان) parked on a balcony. You are in the 'Ey-vān' looking at the view.

视觉联想

Picture a traditional Persian house with a blue-tiled archway (the iwan) and a small rug on the floor where people are drinking tea.

Word Web

خانه (House) حیاط (Yard) گل (Flower) چای (Tea) منظره (View) ستون (Column) سقف (Roof) آرامش (Peace)

挑战

Try to describe three things you would put in your 'eyvān' if you had one in Tehran. Use the phrase 'در ایوانِ من...' (In my porch...).

词源

The word originates from Middle Persian 'aywan' and is related to Old Persian 'apidāna' (palace/hall).

原始含义： A grand hall or throne room, specifically one open on one side.

Indo-European (Indo-Iranian branch).

文化背景

When discussing the 'Golden Iwan' (Eyvān-e Talā), be aware of its religious significance to Shia Muslims as part of holy shrines.

While English speakers use 'porch' or 'balcony,' these terms often lack the grand, historical, and vaulted connotations that 'iwan' has in Persian culture.

Taq Kasra (The Arch of Ctesiphon) - the most famous historical Iwan. The Four-Iwan Plan of the Jameh Mosque of Isfahan. Khaqani's poem 'The Iwan of Madain'.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Real Estate

آپارتمان ایوان‌دار
ایوان رو به جنوب
متراژ ایوان
ایوان شیشه‌ای

Tourism

ایوانِ تاریخی
کتیبه‌های ایوان
ایوانِ ورودی
عکاسی در ایوان

Daily Life

آب دادن به گل‌های ایوان
نشستن در ایوان
صبحانه در ایوان
تمیز کردن ایوان

Literature

ایوانِ بلندِ غزل
بر لبِ ایوان
ایوانِ تهی از عشق
خاکِ ایوانِ دوست

Weather

ایوانِ بارانی
ایوانِ آفتابی
برف در ایوان
باد در ایوان

对话开场白

"آیا خانه‌ی شما ایوان دارد یا بالکن؟"

"دوست داری در ایوان چای بخوری یا توی اتاق؟"

"زیباترین ایوانی که تا به حال دیده‌ای کجا بوده است؟"

"در ایوان خانه‌ات چه گل‌هایی می‌کاری؟"

"اگر یک ایوان بزرگ داشتی، چه کار می‌کردی؟"

日记主题

یک عصر رویایی را در ایوان خانه‌ات توصیف کن. چه می‌بینی و چه می‌شنوی؟

تفاوت حس نشستن در ایوان با نشستن در حیاط چیست؟

چرا ایوان در معماری ایرانی اینقدر مهم است؟ نظر خودت را بنویس.

خاطره‌ای از یک ایوان قدیمی که در آن بوده‌ای بنویس.

اگر می‌توانستی ایوان خانه‌ات را به هر شکلی تزئین کنی، چه شکلی می‌شد؟

常见问题

10 个问题

In traditional Persian architecture, yes, an 'Eyvān' is typically vaulted or roofed. However, in modern usage for 'balcony,' it might just have the floor of the balcony above it as a roof.

No, it is a major feature of mosques, palaces, and caravanserais. In these contexts, it refers to grand, monumental entrance halls.

Yes, absolutely. An 'Eyvān' can be on any floor. If it's on the ground floor, it's often more like a veranda.

It is the remains of a famous Sassanid palace in modern-day Iraq. It has the largest single-span brick arch in the world and is a symbol of Persian architectural history.

You say 'Man dar eyvān hastam.' Remember to use 'dar' (in) rather than 'ru-ye' (on).

It is a standard word used in all registers, but it sounds slightly more elegant and 'Persian' than the loanword 'Balkon'.

Most traditional houses and modern apartments do, as outdoor space is highly valued in Iranian culture for ventilation and social use.

The most iconic flower for a Persian 'Eyvān' is the 'Sham'dāni' (Geranium).

Yes, they share the same ancient root meaning 'palace hall' or 'throne hall'.

Not commonly in Iran, though it is a name in other cultures (like the Slavic 'Ivan'). In Persian, it is strictly a noun.

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