بخشش 30秒了解
- Bakhshesh (بخشش) means forgiveness: the act of pardoning or being pardoned.
- It involves letting go of anger and resentment towards someone who has wronged you.
- This concept is highly valued in Persian culture, linked with mercy and generosity.
- It can be used in personal, social, and religious contexts.
The Persian word بخشش (bakhshesh) is a fundamental concept, deeply ingrained in Persian culture and often associated with generosity, mercy, and the act of letting go of resentment. It encompasses both the act of forgiving someone and the state of being forgiven. In essence, it's about releasing someone from the obligation to pay for a wrong they have committed, or from the consequences of their actions. This can be a personal, interpersonal, or even a societal concept. It's not merely about forgetting a transgression, but about a conscious decision to move past it, often with an emphasis on empathy and understanding.
In everyday conversations, بخشش is used in a variety of contexts. It can refer to a parent forgiving a child for a mistake, a friend overlooking an offense, or even a religious or spiritual context where divine forgiveness is sought. The concept is also closely tied to the idea of generosity and giving, as in 'giving a gift' or 'granting something,' though the primary meaning in this context is forgiveness. It’s a word that carries a lot of emotional weight, signifying reconciliation, peace, and the mending of relationships. When someone asks for بخشش, they are acknowledging their fault and seeking the other person's grace. Conversely, when someone offers بخشش, they are demonstrating magnanimity and a willingness to move forward without holding a grudge. The act of granting بخشش is often seen as a sign of strength and emotional maturity, rather than weakness.
The significance of بخشش is amplified in many Persian literary works, poetry, and religious texts, where it is praised as a noble virtue. It's a cornerstone of interpersonal harmony, encouraging a society where people are willing to extend grace to one another. The word can also extend to more abstract ideas, such as the forgiveness of sins or the absolution of guilt. When discussing ethical dilemmas or personal growth, بخشش often emerges as a key element in achieving inner peace and fostering positive relationships. It’s a universal theme that resonates across cultures, but in Persian, it carries a particular richness and depth, often linked to compassion and a profound understanding of human fallibility. The act of offering and receiving بخشش can be a profoundly transformative experience, leading to healing and renewed trust. It's a reminder that everyone makes mistakes, and that the capacity to forgive is a powerful force for good in the world. The cultural emphasis on hospitality and kindness also contributes to the importance of بخشش, as it facilitates social cohesion and mutual respect. It’s about creating an environment where people feel safe to be vulnerable and where mistakes are seen as opportunities for growth rather than permanent stains on character.
- Etymology
- The word بخشش originates from the Persian verb بخشیدن (bakhshidan), meaning 'to give,' 'to grant,' or 'to forgive.' This verb itself has ancient roots, possibly tracing back to Proto-Iranian languages. The '-esh' suffix in بخشش is a nominalizing suffix, turning the verb into a noun that denotes the action or the result of the action. This linguistic connection highlights how, in Persian, the concept of giving or granting is intrinsically linked to the idea of forgiveness. It suggests that forgiveness is viewed as a form of giving – giving up anger, giving up resentment, or giving someone a second chance.
- Cultural Significance
- In Iranian culture, بخشش is highly valued. It is often invoked during religious holidays, such as Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, where Muslims are encouraged to forgive each other's transgressions. It is also a crucial element in maintaining social harmony, especially in family and community settings. The act of seeking and granting بخشش is seen as a way to heal rifts and strengthen bonds. Persian poetry, particularly the works of Rumi and Hafez, frequently explores themes of divine and human forgiveness, elevating بخشش to a spiritual virtue. The concept is also present in the tradition of 'pardon' or 'amnesty' offered by elders or leaders in certain situations, demonstrating magnanimity and a desire for reconciliation.
- Variations in Meaning
- While the primary meaning of بخشش is forgiveness, it can sometimes overlap with 'gift' or 'grant' in specific contexts, particularly when referring to a generous endowment or a concession. For example, a king might grant بخشش to his subjects, meaning both a pardon and a gift. However, in most interpersonal and moral discussions, the meaning of forgiveness is dominant. Understanding the context is key to interpreting its precise nuance. The presence of the root verb بخشیدن (bakhshidan) which means 'to give' or 'to grant' is the source of this subtle overlap in meaning, emphasizing that forgiveness is a generous act.
When you make a mistake, you should always ask for بخشش.
The teacher showed great بخشش towards the student who was late.
True friendship is built on mutual understanding and بخشش.
Mastering the use of بخشش (bakhshesh) involves understanding its grammatical function as a noun and its typical placement within Persian sentences. It can be the subject, object, or complement, and its meaning is enriched by the verbs and prepositions it's used with. Common verbs that precede بخشش include خواستن (khāstan - to want/ask for), کردن (kardan - to do/make), داشتن (dāshtan - to have), and دادن (dādan - to give). When asking for forgiveness, one often uses phrases like بخشش میخواهم (bakhshesh mikhāham - I want forgiveness) or از شما طلب بخشش دارم (az shomā talab-e bakhshesh dāram - I request forgiveness from you). Offering forgiveness might be expressed as من او را بخشیدم (man ou rā bakhshidam - I forgave him/her) or more formally بخشش کردم (bakhshesh kardam - I granted forgiveness).
The concept of بخشش is frequently discussed in relation to mistakes, offenses, and reconciliation. For instance, اشتباه او بزرگ بود، اما من بخشش کردم (eshtebāh-e ou bozorg bood, ammā man bakhshesh kardam - his mistake was big, but I forgave). In a more abstract sense, one might talk about divine بخشش, such as خداوند بخشنده و مهربان است (khodāvand bakhshandeh va mehrabān ast - God is forgiving and merciful), where بخشنده (bakhshandeh) is the adjective form derived from the same root, meaning 'forgiving'.
Consider the nuances when بخشش is used with possessive pronouns or in conjunction with other nouns. For example, بخششِ شما برای من خیلی مهم است (bakhshesh-e shomā barāye man kheyli mohem ast - your forgiveness is very important to me). The possessive suffix ـِ (e) connects بخشش to the possessor. When discussing the act of receiving forgiveness, you might hear او منتظر بخشش بود (ou montazer-e bakhshesh bood - he was waiting for forgiveness). The preposition از (az - from) is often used to indicate who is being forgiven, as in بخشش از دشمن (bakhshesh az doshman - forgiveness from an enemy), which is a common theme in literature, implying a noble act.
Furthermore, بخشش can be used in contexts of generosity and giving, though this is a secondary meaning. For example, او بخشش زیادی به نیازمندان کرد (ou bakhshesh-e ziyādi be niyāzmandān kard - he made many donations to the needy). However, it's crucial to distinguish this from the primary meaning of forgiveness. In most standard conversations about interpersonal relationships, بخشش will refer to the act of pardoning someone. The context will usually make the intended meaning clear. Pay attention to the surrounding words and the overall topic of discussion to correctly interpret بخشش.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- The most common structure involves a subject performing an action related to forgiveness: Subject + Verb + بخشش (or related phrase). For example: من از او بخشش خواستم. (Man az ou bakhshesh khāstam. - I asked for forgiveness from him/her.) Or: او به من بخشش داد. (Ou be man bakhshesh dād. - He/She gave me forgiveness.)
- Expressing the Need for Forgiveness
- To express asking for forgiveness, you can use phrases like: من طلب بخشش میکنم. (Man talab-e bakhshesh mikonam. - I am asking for forgiveness.) or لطفاً مرا ببخشید و به من بخشش بدهید. (Lotfan marā bebakhshid va be man bakhshesh bedahid. - Please forgive me and grant me forgiveness.) The verb بخشیدن (bakhshidan) is often used directly, but using the noun بخشش adds a specific emphasis on the act of granting it.
- Offering Forgiveness
- When offering forgiveness, you might say: من به تو بخشش میدهم. (Man be to bakhshesh midaham. - I give you forgiveness.) or من از خطای تو گذشتم و به تو بخشش کردم. (Man az khatā-ye to gozashtam va be to bakhshesh kardam. - I have overlooked your mistake and granted you forgiveness.) The phrase بخشش کردن (bakhshesh kardan) is a common idiom for granting forgiveness.
- Forgiveness in a Broader Sense
- The word can also appear in more abstract or literary contexts: بخشش، کلید آرامش است. (Bakhshesh, kelid-e ārāmesh ast. - Forgiveness is the key to peace.) or جامعهای که بخشش را ترویج میکند، سالمتر است. (Jāme'i ke bakhshesh rā tarvij mikonad, sālemtar ast. - A society that promotes forgiveness is healthier.)
After a long argument, they finally decided to offer each other بخشش.
The religious leader emphasized the importance of بخشش in his sermon.
He hoped that his sincere apology would lead to بخشش.
You'll encounter the word بخشش (bakhshesh) in a wide array of everyday Persian conversations, often when discussing interpersonal relationships, conflicts, and resolutions. It's a common topic in family discussions, especially when siblings or children have disagreements. Parents might say to their children, باید از هم طلب بخشش کنید (bāyad az ham talab-e bakhshesh konid - you must ask forgiveness from each other), emphasizing the importance of reconciliation.
In social settings, among friends and colleagues, بخشش arises when someone has made a mistake or caused offense. A common scenario is hearing someone say, من از حرفم پشیمانم و از شما بخشش میخواهم (man az harfam pashimānam va az shomā bakhshesh mikhāham - I regret my words and ask for your forgiveness). The response might be, بخشیدم، دیگر تکرار نکن (bakhshidam, digar tekrār nakon - I have forgiven, don't repeat it again).
Religious and spiritual contexts are another significant area where بخشش is frequently discussed. During religious holidays like Ramadan or Eid, sermons often focus on the virtues of بخشش, both divine and human. People might say things like, خداوند گناهان ما را ببخشد (khodāvand gonāhān-e mā rā bebakhshad - may God forgive our sins), and in turn, encourage each other to practice بخشش. The concept of seeking divine forgiveness is paramount in Islamic teachings, and بخشش is the human counterpart to that divine attribute.
You will also hear بخشش in legal or formal settings, though perhaps less frequently in everyday chat. It can relate to clemency or pardons. For instance, a lawyer might discuss the possibility of seeking بخشش from a judge for a client. In literature and poetry, بخشش is a recurring theme, exploring its complexities and its power to heal wounds. Poets often glorify the act of forgiving as a sign of strength and nobility. The word is woven into the fabric of Persian culture, appearing in proverbs, songs, and everyday expressions of human interaction. It's a concept that everyone understands and values, making it a common word in many dialogues, especially those involving conflict resolution or expressions of empathy and understanding.
- Family Discussions
- In families, بخشش is often brought up when children quarrel or when parents need to address a child's misbehavior. A parent might say, بیا، از خواهرت عذرخواهی کن و طلب بخشش کن. (Biā, az khāharat ozrkhāhi kon va talab-e bakhshesh kon. - Come, apologize to your sister and ask for forgiveness.)
- Friendship and Social Interactions
- When friends have a misunderstanding, one might say, من واقعاً متاسفم و از تو بخشش میخواهم. (Man vāghe'an mota'assefam va az to bakhshesh mikhāham. - I am truly sorry and I ask for your forgiveness.) The response could be, قبول است، من هم تو را بخشیدم. (Ghabool ast, man ham to rā bakhshidam. - Accepted, I have also forgiven you.)
- Religious and Spiritual Contexts
- Sermons and religious discussions often highlight بخشش. For example, a cleric might say, مهمترین درس دین، بخشش و مهربانی است. (Mohem-tarin dars-e din, bakhshesh va mehrbāni ast. - The most important lesson of religion is forgiveness and kindness.)
- Literature and Poetry
- Persian literature is rich with themes of بخشش. A line from a poem might be quoted as, بخشش، نشانهی بزرگواری است. (Bakhshesh, neshāne-ye bozorgvāri ast. - Forgiveness is a sign of nobility.)
- News and Current Events
- In news reports about reconciliation or apologies, the word might appear: او برای جلب بخشش عمومی تلاش کرد. (Ou barāye jalb-e bakhshesh-e omoumi talāsh kard. - He tried to gain public forgiveness.)
The elder of the village mediated the dispute and urged both parties to seek بخشش.
She wrote a heartfelt letter asking for بخشش from her estranged friend.
In Islamic teachings, seeking بخشش from God is a central tenet.
Learners of Persian often make a few common mistakes when using the word بخشش (bakhshesh). One frequent error is confusing it with the verb بخشیدن (bakhshidan) or the adjective بخشنده (bakhshandeh). While they are related, they serve different grammatical functions. For example, saying من او را بخشش کردم (man ou rā bakhshesh kardam) is grammatically correct and common, meaning 'I granted him/her forgiveness.' However, simply saying من او را بخشش (man ou rā bakhshesh) would be incorrect as it lacks a verb. The correct verb form would be من او را بخشیدم (man ou rā bakhshidam - I forgave him/her).
Another common pitfall is overusing بخشش in contexts where the verb بخشیدن or a phrase like گذشتن (gozashtan - to pass over, to forgive) would be more natural. For instance, while او به من بخشش داد (ou be man bakhshesh dād - he gave me forgiveness) is understandable, it might sound slightly more formal or emphatic than simply saying او مرا بخشید (ou marā bakhshid - he forgave me).
A more subtle mistake relates to the secondary meaning of بخشش as 'gift' or 'grant.' While it can be used this way, especially in older texts or specific formal contexts, in modern conversational Persian, using هدیه (hedieh - gift) or عطیه (atiyeh - grant/gift) is more common for material gifts. Misapplying بخشش for a simple material gift can lead to confusion. For example, saying من به او یک بخشش دادم (man be ou yek bakhshesh dādam) when you mean 'I gave him a gift' might sound odd; من به او یک هدیه دادم (man be ou yek hedieh dādam) is the standard phrase.
Furthermore, learners might struggle with the correct phrasing when asking for or offering forgiveness. Incorrectly combining prepositions or verbs can occur. For example, instead of طلب بخشش کردن (talab-e bakhshesh kardan - to ask for forgiveness), one might mistakenly say درخواست بخشش کردن (darkhāst-e bakhshesh kardan), which is not the idiomatic phrase, though understandable. Similarly, when granting forgiveness, using بخشیدن directly is often more natural than بخشش کردن in many casual contexts, though both are valid.
- Confusing Noun with Verb
- Mistake: من او را بخشش. (Man ou rā bakhshesh.) Correct: من او را بخشیدم. (Man ou rā bakhshidam. - I forgave him/her.) or من از او طلب بخشش کردم. (Man az ou talab-e bakhshesh kardam. - I asked for forgiveness from him/her.)
- Overuse of the Noun
- Mistake: او به من بخشش داد. (Ou be man bakhshesh dād.) This is understandable but often او مرا بخشید (Ou marā bakhshid - He/She forgave me) is more natural for simple forgiveness.
- Misinterpreting the 'Gift' Meaning
- Mistake: من یک بخشش به او دادم. (Man yek bakhshesh be ou dādam. - I gave him/her a forgiveness/gift.) Correct for gift: من یک هدیه به او دادم. (Man yek hedieh be ou dādam. - I gave him/her a gift.)
- Incorrect Idiomatic Phrasing
- Mistake: درخواست بخشش کردن. (Darkhāst-e bakhshesh kardan.) Correct idiomatic phrase: طلب بخشش کردن. (Talab-e bakhshesh kardan.)
- Using 'Bakhshesh' instead of 'Bakhshidan' Directly
- Mistake: او به من بخشش کرد. (Ou be man bakhshesh kard. - He/She did forgiveness to me.) While understandable, او مرا بخشید. (Ou marā bakhshid. - He/She forgave me.) is often more direct and common.
A student might incorrectly say, بخشش for 'forgive me' instead of using the verb.
Using بخشش to describe a material gift can sound archaic or out of place in modern conversation.
Confusing the noun بخشش with the verb بخشیدن is a common grammatical error.
While بخشش (bakhshesh) is the primary word for forgiveness, Persian offers several other words and phrases that convey similar meanings or are used in related contexts. Understanding these nuances can significantly enhance your fluency. One of the most direct alternatives is the verb بخشیدن (bakhshidan), which means 'to forgive.' It's often used interchangeably with بخشش in sentences, but as a verb, it directly describes the action. For example, او مرا بخشید (ou marā bakhshid - he forgave me) is a very common and natural way to express this, often preferred over او به من بخشش داد (ou be man bakhshesh dād - he gave me forgiveness).
Another important word is گذشت (gozasht). This word primarily means 'passing' or 'lapsing' (like time), but it also carries a strong connotation of 'forbearance,' 'leniency,' and 'forgiveness.' When someone shows گذشت, they are choosing not to hold a grudge or seek retribution. It often implies a more profound act of letting go. You might hear بزرگوارانه گذشت کرد (bozorgovārāneh gozasht kard - he magnanimously forgave/showed forbearance). گذشت کردن (gozasht kardan) is the common verb phrase for this.
The word عفو (afv) is another synonym, often used in more formal or legal contexts, akin to 'pardon' or 'amnesty.' It implies a formal release from punishment or blame. For example, پادشاه دستور عفو زندانیان را صادر کرد (pādeshāh dastoor-e afv-e zendāniān rā sāder kard - the king issued an order for the pardon of the prisoners). While it can be used in interpersonal contexts, بخشش is generally more common for everyday forgiveness.
The adjective بخشنده (bakhshandeh) means 'forgiving' or 'generous.' It describes a person who is inclined to forgive or give. Similarly, مهربان (mehrabān) means 'kind' or 'merciful,' and while not a direct synonym for forgiveness, kindness and mercy often go hand-in-hand with the act of forgiving. In a broader sense, صبر (sabr) meaning 'patience' can also be related, as patience is often required to extend forgiveness.
Finally, توبه (towbeh) refers to 'repentance' or 'penitence,' which is what one does when seeking forgiveness. It's the act of regretting one's actions and resolving not to repeat them. So, while بخشش is the act of forgiving, توبه is the act of seeking it through remorse.
- بخشش (Bakhshesh) vs. بخشیدن (Bakhshidan)
- - بخشش: Noun. The act or concept of forgiveness. Example: او به من بخشش داد. (He gave me forgiveness.)
- بخشیدن: Verb. To forgive. Example: او مرا بخشید. (He forgave me.) - بخشش (Bakhshesh) vs. گذشت (Gozasht)
- - بخشش: Primarily the act of forgiving an offense. Example: خواهش میکنم به من بخشش بده. (Please give me forgiveness.)
- گذشت: Implies forbearance, leniency, and letting go of resentment. Often used for more significant transgressions or when showing magnanimity. Example: او با گذشت با خطای من برخورد کرد. (He dealt with my mistake with forbearance/forgiveness.) - بخشش (Bakhshesh) vs. عفو (Afv)
- - بخشش: General forgiveness in interpersonal relationships. Example: من از تو بخشش میخواهم. (I ask for forgiveness from you.)
- عفو: Formal, legal, or official pardon. Example: دولت عفو عمومی اعلام کرد. (The government announced a general pardon.) - بخشش (Bakhshesh) vs. توبه (Towbeh)
- - بخشش: The act of forgiving by the offended party. Example: بخشش او نشانه بزرگی او بود. (His forgiveness was a sign of his greatness.)
- توبه: The act of repentance by the offender. Example: توبه او صادقانه بود. (His repentance was sincere.) - Related Adjectives
- - بخشنده (bakhshandeh): Forgiving, generous.
- مهربان (mehrabān): Kind, merciful.
- صبور (saboor): Patient.
Instead of saying بخشش, sometimes using the verb بخشیدن is more natural for simple forgiveness.
گذشت implies a deeper, more magnanimous act of letting go than just بخشش.
In legal terms, عفو is the appropriate word, not بخشش.
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The connection between 'giving' and 'forgiving' is evident in many languages, but in Persian, the shared root بخش (bakhsh) strongly emphasizes that forgiveness is viewed as a generous act of 'giving up' something (like anger or the right to retribution).
发音指南
- Pronouncing the 'x' sound as a simple 'sh' or 's'.
- Incorrect stress placement.
- Not making the 'kh' sound guttural enough.
- Pronouncing it too softly without the characteristic friction.
- Confusing it with similar-sounding words.
难度评级
At B1 level, learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters. Recognizing <strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong> in texts discussing relationships, ethics, or cultural values is achievable. Complex literary or philosophical texts might present challenges.
Learners at B1 can write simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. They can use <strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong> in basic sentences to express requests for or offers of forgiveness.
B1 speakers can express themselves fairly fluently and spontaneously. They can participate in conversations about familiar topics, including asking for or offering <strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong> in appropriate contexts.
B1 listeners can understand the main points of clear standard speech on familiar matters. They should be able to grasp the meaning of <strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong> in everyday conversations, movies, or news.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Using the imperative mood for requests and commands.
ببخش! (Bebakhsh!) - Forgive! (informal singular command)
The use of 'ta' (تا) to express purpose, often with verbs of seeking or requesting.
او به اینجا آمد تا طلب بخشش کند. (Ou be injā āmad tā talab-e bakhshesh konad.) - He came here to ask for forgiveness.
Possessive structures with Ezafe to link nouns, like 'بخششِ خدا' (bakhshesh-e khodā - God's forgiveness).
بخششِ شما برای من ارزشمند است. (Bakhshesh-e shomā barāye man arzesh-mand ast.) - Your forgiveness is valuable to me.
Using the past perfect tense to describe an action completed before another past action.
وقتی او آمد، من او را بخشیده بودم. (Vaghti ou āmad, man ou rā bakhshideh boodam.) - When he came, I had already forgiven him.
The use of relative clauses to describe the nature of forgiveness.
بخششِ که از ته دل باشد، تاثیرگذار است. (Bakhshesh-i ke az tah-e del bāshad, ta'sirgozār ast.) - Forgiveness that comes from the bottom of the heart is impactful.
按水平分级的例句
مامان، منو ببخش.
Mom, forgive me.
This uses the imperative form of the verb 'to forgive'.
من بخشیدم.
I forgave.
Simple past tense of 'to forgive'.
او بخشش خواست.
He asked for forgiveness.
Uses the noun 'forgiveness' with the verb 'to ask'.
بیا، بخشش کنیم.
Come, let's forgive.
Uses the imperative plural form of 'to forgive'.
من تو را بخشیدم.
I forgave you.
Direct object pronoun 'you' used with the verb.
او طلب بخشش کرد.
He requested forgiveness.
Common idiomatic phrase for asking forgiveness.
لطفاً مرا ببخشید.
Please forgive me.
Formal imperative of 'to forgive'.
من از او بخشش گرفتم.
I received forgiveness from him.
Uses the noun 'forgiveness' with the verb 'to receive'.
وقتی اشتباه میکنی، باید طلب بخشش کنی.
When you make a mistake, you should ask for forgiveness.
Uses 'should' (باید) and the idiomatic phrase 'talab-e bakhshesh kardan'.
او با مهربانی به من بخشش داد.
He kindly gave me forgiveness.
Adverb 'kindly' (مهربانی) modifying the action of giving forgiveness.
من از تو انتظار بخشش دارم.
I expect forgiveness from you.
Uses the noun 'forgiveness' with the verb 'to expect' (انتظار داشتن).
بزرگترها همیشه گذشت میکنند.
Elders always forgive.
Uses the noun 'gozasht' (forbearance/forgiveness) with the verb 'kardan'.
او برای خطایش طلب بخشش نمود.
He requested forgiveness for his mistake.
'Namood' is a more formal verb for 'did' or 'made', used with 'talab'.
من به او گفتم که او را بخشیدهام.
I told him that I had forgiven him.
Past perfect tense of 'to forgive' (بخشیدهام).
بخشش، راه حل مشکلات است.
Forgiveness is the solution to problems.
Uses the noun 'forgiveness' as the subject.
او هرگز بخشش نمیکند.
He never forgives.
Uses the negative present tense of the verb 'to forgive'.
درخواست بخشش از کسی که به شما آسیب رسانده، سخت است.
Asking for forgiveness from someone who has hurt you is difficult.
Uses the noun 'forgiveness' in a complex sentence structure with a relative clause.
بخشش واقعی، رها کردن کینه است.
True forgiveness is letting go of resentment.
Defines 'true forgiveness' using the noun 'kineh' (resentment).
او با وجود تمام سختیها، به دشمن خود بخشش کرد.
Despite all the difficulties, he forgave his enemy.
Uses 'gozasht kardan' (to show forbearance/forgive) and specifies the object of forgiveness.
جامعهای که بخشش را ارزشمند میداند، سالمتر است.
A society that values forgiveness is healthier.
Uses 'arzesh dāshtan' (to value) with the noun 'forgiveness'.
او به خاطر اشتباهش، طلب بخشش عمومی نمود.
He requested public forgiveness for his mistake.
Uses the formal 'talab-e bakhshesh namood' and 'omoumi' (public).
بخشش الهی، امید بسیاری از گناهکاران است.
Divine forgiveness is the hope of many sinners.
Uses 'elāhi' (divine) as an adjective modifying 'forgiveness'.
آیا او توانایی بخشش دارد؟
Does he have the capacity for forgiveness?
Uses 'tavānāyi' (capacity) with the noun 'forgiveness'.
بخششی که از دل باشد، واقعاً تاثیرگذار است.
Forgiveness that comes from the heart is truly impactful.
Uses a relative clause to describe the nature of forgiveness.
درک مفهوم بخشش، نیازمند بلوغ عاطفی است.
Understanding the concept of forgiveness requires emotional maturity.
Uses 'dar'e' (understanding) and 'bolūgh-e ātemi' (emotional maturity).
او با بخشش خود، درس بزرگی به جامعه داد.
With his forgiveness, he taught a great lesson to society.
Uses the possessive structure with 'forgiveness' and a phrase indicating teaching a lesson.
بسیاری معتقدند که بخشش، قدرتمندتر از انتقام است.
Many believe that forgiveness is more powerful than revenge.
Comparative structure ('more powerful than') with 'forgiveness' and 'revenge' (enteghām).
او در برابر توهینها، همواره رویکرد بخشش را اتخاذ میکرد.
In the face of insults, he always adopted an approach of forgiveness.
Uses 'ruykard' (approach) and 'etikhāz kardan' (to adopt).
بدون بخشش، زخمهای روحی هرگز التیام نمییابند.
Without forgiveness, emotional wounds never heal.
Uses 'roohi' (emotional) with 'zakh' (wound) and 'eltiyām yāftan' (to heal).
قدرت بخشش در توانایی رها کردن گذشته نهفته است.
The power of forgiveness lies in the ability to let go of the past.
Uses 'qodrat' (power) and 'nahofteh ast' (lies in).
او به خاطر عدم دریافت بخشش، دچار سرخوردگی شد.
He became frustrated due to not receiving forgiveness.
Uses 'adam-e daryāft' (non-receipt) and 'sorkhordegi' (frustration).
بخشش، نه به معنای فراموشی، بلکه به معنای پذیرش واقعیت است.
Forgiveness does not mean forgetting, but rather accepting reality.
Uses a 'not... but rather' structure to define forgiveness.
فرایند بخشش، غالباً سفری درونی و پیچیده است.
The process of forgiveness is often an internal and complex journey.
Uses 'farāyand' (process), 'gheb' (often), 'darooni' (internal), and 'pichideh' (complex).
بخشش، اگرچه دشوار، اما برای سلامت روان امری ضروری است.
Forgiveness, although difficult, is essential for mental health.
Uses 'agarcheh' (although) and 'zarouri' (essential) with 'salāmat-e ravān' (mental health).
او با اعطای بخشش، نه تنها خود، بلکه جامعه را نیز رستگار کرد.
By granting forgiveness, he redeemed not only himself, but also society.
Uses 'e'tā' (granting), 'rastegār kardan' (to redeem), and emphasizes 'not only... but also'.
نفی بخشش، غالباً به انباشت خشم و تلخی منجر میشود.
The denial of forgiveness often leads to the accumulation of anger and bitterness.
Uses 'nafi' (denial), 'anbāsht' (accumulation), 'khashm' (anger), 'talkhi' (bitterness), and 'monjar mishavad' (leads to).
بخشش، راهی برای بازسازی اعتماد از دست رفته است.
Forgiveness is a way to rebuild lost trust.
Uses 'bāzsāzi' (rebuilding) and 'etemād-e az dast rafteh' (lost trust).
در مواجهه با بیعدالتی، انتخاب بخشش، نشاندهنده قدرت درونی است.
When facing injustice, choosing forgiveness demonstrates inner strength.
Uses 'movaajeheh bā' (in the face of), 'bi'adāleti' (injustice), and 'darooni' (inner).
پیامدهای عدم بخشش میتواند مخرب و طولانیمدت باشد.
The consequences of not forgiving can be destructive and long-lasting.
Uses 'payāmadhā' (consequences), 'mo-khrab' (destructive), and 'toolāni-moddat' (long-lasting).
بخشش، هنری است که با تمرین و خودآگاهی تقویت میشود.
Forgiveness is an art that is strengthened with practice and self-awareness.
Uses 'honar' (art), 'tamrin' (practice), and 'khodāgāhi' (self-awareness).
فلسفه بخشش، ریشه در درک عمیق از ماهیت انسانی و رهایی از چرخه رنج دارد.
The philosophy of forgiveness is rooted in a deep understanding of human nature and liberation from the cycle of suffering.
Uses sophisticated vocabulary like 'falsafeh' (philosophy), 'mahiyat-e ensāni' (human nature), 'rahāyi' (liberation), and 'charcheh-ye ranj' (cycle of suffering).
اعمال بخشش، اغلب نیازمند بازنگری در ارزشها و باورهای بنیادین فرد است.
The act of forgiveness often requires a re-examination of an individual's fundamental values and beliefs.
Uses 'a'māl' (acts), 'bāznegari' (re-examination), 'arzeshhā' (values), 'bāvarhā' (beliefs), and 'bonyādin' (fundamental).
در قلمرو روانکاوی، بخشش به مثابه گسستن از بندهای روانی مخرب تلقی میشود.
In the realm of psychoanalysis, forgiveness is considered a severance from destructive psychological ties.
Uses specialized terms like 'qalamrov' (realm), 'ravānkāvi' (psychoanalysis), 'masābeh' (as), 'gosastan' (severance), and 'bandhā-ye ravāni' (psychological ties).
توانایی بخشش، نه تنها نشاندهنده شفقت، بلکه نمادی از تسلط بر نفس است.
The ability to forgive is not only a sign of compassion but also a symbol of self-mastery.
Uses 'shafaqat' (compassion), 'namād' (symbol), and 'tasallot bar nafs' (self-mastery).
بخشش، اگرچه ارادهای آگاهانه است، اما ریشههای ناخودآگاه آن نیز قابل تأمل است.
Forgiveness, although a conscious volition, also has subconscious roots that are worthy of contemplation.
Uses 'erādeh-ye āgāhāneh' (conscious volition), 'rishehā-ye nākhodāgāh' (subconscious roots), and 'ghābel-e ta'ammol' (worthy of contemplation).
در مواجهه با تراژدیهای عظیم، بخشش میتواند به عنوان پلی برای عبور از فقدان عمل کند.
When confronted with immense tragedies, forgiveness can act as a bridge to overcome loss.
Uses 'terājedi-hā-ye azim' (immense tragedies), 'bol' (bridge), and 'feqdān' (loss).
ماهیت بخشش، غالباً در ظرفیت انسانی برای دگرگونی و تعالی بازتاب مییابد.
The nature of forgiveness is often reflected in the human capacity for transformation and transcendence.
Uses 'māhiyat' (nature), 'zarfiyat' (capacity), 'degargouni' (transformation), and 'ta'āli' (transcendence).
بخشش، نه صرفاً رفع یک کدورت، بلکه بازسازی یک رابطه بر پایههایی مستحکمتر است.
Forgiveness is not merely the removal of a grievance, but the rebuilding of a relationship on stronger foundations.
Uses 'safan' (merely), 'raf'-e kodūrat' (removal of grievance), 'mosatahkam-tar' (stronger), and 'payeh-hā' (foundations).
常见搭配
常用短语
— Forgiveness is the key to peace.
باید یاد بگیریم که ببخشیم تا آرامش پیدا کنیم.
容易混淆的词
This is the verb form meaning 'to forgive'. بخشش is the noun. While related, they are used differently grammatically. For instance, 'He forgave me' is 'او مرا بخشید' (verb), not 'او مرا بخشش' (noun).
This is an adjective meaning 'forgiving' or 'generous'. It describes a person's characteristic, whereas بخشش is the act or concept itself.
This means 'gift'. While بخشش can sometimes imply a 'grant' or 'gift' in older or very formal contexts, in modern Persian, هدیه is the standard word for a material gift, and using بخشش for this would be unusual.
习语与表达
— To ask for forgiveness; to seek pardon.
در برابر اشتباهش، از همه طلب بخشش کرد.
Neutral— Forgiveness that comes from the heart; sincere forgiveness.
بخشش از دل، واقعاً آرامشبخش است.
Neutral— For forgiveness to be necessary or required.
در چنین شرایطی، بخشش لازم است.
Neutral— To disregard or reject forgiveness.
او بخشش مرا نادیده گرفت و همچنان عصبانی بود.
Neutral— Forgiveness is a sign of nobility/greatness.
بزرگواران کسانی هستند که بخشش را نشانهی بزرگواری میدانند.
Proverbial— Forgiveness, a path towards salvation/redemption.
در بسیاری از ادیان، بخشش، راهی به سوی رستگاری است.
Religious/Philosophical— Forgiveness, the key to peace.
برای رسیدن به صلح، باید بخشش را آموخت.
Proverbial— Forgiveness is giving again; a second chance.
بخشش، هدیه دادن دوباره فرصت است.
Figurative容易混淆
Both <strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong> and <em class='italic'>گذشت</em> relate to letting go of wrongdoing.
<strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong> is the direct act of pardoning or forgiving an offense. <em class='italic'>گذشت</em> emphasizes forbearance, leniency, and the act of overlooking or letting something pass, often implying a more magnanimous or profound release of resentment.
او با <strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong>، اشتباه مرا پذیرفت. (He accepted my mistake with forgiveness.) vs. او با <em class='italic'>گذشت</em>، از خطای من چشمپوشی کرد. (He overlooked my mistake with forbearance/leniency.)
Both are terms for forgiveness or pardon.
<strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong> is the general, everyday term for forgiveness in interpersonal relationships. <em class='italic'>عفو</em> is more formal and often used in legal, political, or official contexts, referring to an official pardon or amnesty.
من از شما <strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong> میخواهم. (I ask for forgiveness from you.) vs. پادشاه فرمان <em class='italic'>عفو</em> عمومی را صادر کرد. (The king issued a decree for general pardon.)
They share the same root and concept.
<strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong> is the noun, representing the act or concept of forgiveness. <em class='italic'>بخشیدن</em> is the verb, meaning 'to forgive'. In many simple sentences, the verb is more natural.
او به من <strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong> داد. (He gave me forgiveness - noun) vs. او مرا <em class='italic'>بخشید</em>. (He forgave me - verb)
These concepts are closely related in the context of seeking and granting forgiveness.
<strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong> is the act of the offended party pardoning the offender. <em class='italic'>توبه</em> is the act of the offender repenting, regretting their actions, and resolving to change. One leads to the other.
او برای دریافت <strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong>، <em class='italic'>توبه</em> کرد. (To receive forgiveness, he repented.)
These are direct opposites in the realm of responding to wrongdoing.
<strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong> is about letting go of resentment and choosing not to retaliate. <em class='italic'>انتقام</em> is about seeking revenge or retribution for a perceived wrong.
او به جای <strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong>، به دنبال <em class='italic'>انتقام</em> بود. (Instead of forgiveness, he sought revenge.)
句型
Subject + Verb (bakhshidan) + Object
من او را بخشیدم. (Man ou rā bakhshidam.) - I forgave him/her.
Subject + طلب + بخشش + کردن + (از + Object)
او از من طلب بخشش کرد. (Ou az man talab-e bakhshesh kard.) - He asked for forgiveness from me.
Subject + بخشش + دادن/کردن + (به + Object)
من به او بخشش دادم. (Man be ou bakhshesh dādam.) - I gave him/her forgiveness.
بخشش + (Ezafe) + Noun
بخششِ شما برای من مهم است. (Bakhshesh-e shomā barāye man mohem ast.) - Your forgiveness is important to me.
Adjective + بخشش
بخشش واقعی، رها کردن کینه است. (Bakhshesh-e vāqe'i, rahā kardan-e kineh ast.) - True forgiveness is letting go of resentment.
Subject + برای + Noun + بخشش + خواستن
او برای اشتباهش بخشش خواست. (Ou barāye eshtebāh-ash bakhshesh khāst.) - He asked for forgiveness for his mistake.
بخشش + (Ezafe) + Noun + (Relative Clause)
بخشش که از ته دل باشد، آرامش میآورد. (Bakhshesh-i ke az tah-e del bāshad, ārāmesh miāvarad.) - Forgiveness that comes from the heart brings peace.
Subject + (Prepositional Phrase) + بخشش + (Verb Phrase)
در مواجهه با بیعدالتی، انتخاب بخشش، نشاندهنده قدرت درونی است. (Dar movāajeh bā bi'adāleti, entekhāb-e bakhshesh, neshān-dahandeh-ye qodrat-e darooni ast.) - When facing injustice, choosing forgiveness demonstrates inner strength.
词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
如何使用
Common, especially in contexts of interpersonal relationships and moral/religious discussions.
-
Using 'بخشش' as a verb.
→
Using 'بخشیدن' (bakhshidan) as the verb.
Learners might say 'من او را بخشش کردم' (Man ou rā bakhshesh kardam) which is understandable, but the direct verb form 'من او را بخشیدم' (Man ou rā bakhshidam) is often more natural and common for simple past tense forgiveness.
-
Confusing 'بخشش' with material gifts.
→
Using 'هدیه' (hedieh) for gifts.
While the root verb <em class='italic'>بخشیدن</em> means 'to give', the noun <strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong> in modern Persian almost exclusively means forgiveness. Using it for a gift can sound archaic or incorrect.
-
Incorrect pronunciation of the 'kh' sound.
→
Producing a guttural 'kh' sound from the back of the throat.
Many learners pronounce the 'خ' as 'sh' or 's', or as a simple 'h'. It requires practice to achieve the correct velar fricative sound.
-
Overusing the noun when the verb is more appropriate.
→
Using the verb 'بخشیدن' when describing the act of forgiving.
Saying 'او به من بخشش داد' (He gave me forgiveness) is grammatically correct but can sound more formal or emphatic than the simpler 'او مرا بخشید' (He forgave me).
-
Confusing 'بخشش' with 'عفو' in informal contexts.
→
Using 'بخشش' for personal apologies and 'عفو' for formal pardons.
'<strong class='font-bold'>بخشش</strong>' is common for everyday interpersonal forgiveness, while '<em class='italic'>عفو</em>' is typically used for legal or official pardons. Using '<em class='italic'>عفو</em>' in a casual apology might sound overly formal.
小贴士
Mastering the 'Kh' Sound
The 'خ' in بخشش is a guttural sound made in the back of the throat. Practice by saying 'ach' or 'loch' and try to make the sound rougher. Listen to native speakers and mimic them closely.
Noun vs. Verb Usage
Remember that بخشش is the noun (forgiveness), while بخشیدن is the verb (to forgive). Use the verb for direct actions like 'I forgave him' (او را بخشیدم) and the noun for the concept or when asking for it as a grant, like 'I ask for forgiveness' (طلب بخشش میکنم).
Cultural Importance
بخشش is highly valued in Persian culture. Understanding its significance in literature, religion, and social customs will help you appreciate its usage and importance in conversations.
Connect to 'Giving'
Think of forgiveness as 'giving up' anger or 'giving' a second chance. This connection to the root verb 'to give' (بخشیدن) can help you remember the meaning and usage of بخشش.
Use it in Sentences
Actively try to construct sentences using بخشش. Practice asking for it, granting it, and describing its importance. The more you use it, the more natural it will become.
Distinguish from Related Words
Learn the subtle differences between بخشش, گذشت (forbearance), and عفو (pardon). Knowing when to use each will make your Persian more precise.
Learn Set Expressions
Familiarize yourself with common phrases like 'طلب بخشش کردن' (to ask for forgiveness) and 'بخشش کردن' (to grant forgiveness). These idiomatic expressions are frequently used.
Know the Opposites
Understanding the antonyms like 'انتقام' (revenge) and 'کینه' (grudge) helps reinforce the meaning of بخشش by highlighting what it is not.
Listen to Native Speakers
Pay attention to how native Persian speakers use بخشش in movies, songs, and conversations. This will give you a natural feel for its pronunciation, rhythm, and context.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of 'Bakh-shesh'. Imagine someone 'baking' a 'shesh' (six) beautiful cakes as a gesture of goodwill and forgiveness after a disagreement. The 'bakh' sounds like 'bake', and 'shesh' is the number six.
视觉联想
Picture a person holding out a hand, palm open, with a serene expression. In their palm, they are gently releasing a white dove, symbolizing peace and the act of letting go that comes with forgiveness.
Word Web
挑战
Try to use the word بخشش in five different sentences today, focusing on different scenarios: asking for it, granting it, and describing its importance.
词源
The word بخشش originates from the Persian verb بخشیدن (bakhshidan), which means 'to give,' 'to grant,' or 'to forgive.' This verb itself has ancient Indo-Iranian roots, possibly related to the concept of distribution or bestowing.
原始含义： The core meaning revolves around the act of 'giving' or 'bestowing.' When applied to offenses, it means 'giving up' the right to punish or hold a grudge.
Indo-Iranian, specifically Persian.文化背景
When discussing بخشش, it's important to be sensitive to the context. Forgiveness is a personal choice, and not everyone is obligated to forgive or to be forgiven. The concept is deeply tied to personal and spiritual growth, and its absence can lead to prolonged suffering.
In English-speaking cultures, forgiveness is also valued, but the cultural emphasis and specific practices might differ. For instance, the explicit 'asking for forgiveness' ritual might be less formalized than in some Persian contexts, though the underlying sentiment is similar.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Resolving a disagreement between friends or family members.
- من از تو طلب بخشش میکنم.
- لطفاً مرا ببخش.
- ببخشید، دیگر تکرار نمیشود.
Expressing remorse for a mistake at work or school.
- از اشتباهم پشیمانم و طلب بخشش دارم.
- امیدوارم مرا ببخشید.
- بخشش شما برای من مهم است.
Religious or spiritual discussions about divine mercy.
- خدایا، ما را ببخش.
- بخشش الهی شامل حال ما شود.
- به بخشش خدا امیدوارم.
Literary or philosophical discussions about virtues.
- بخشش، فضیلتی بزرگ است.
- قدرت بخشش را دست کم نگیرید.
- بخشش، کلید آرامش است.
Requesting clemency or pardon in a formal setting.
- ما درخواست بخشش داریم.
- امیدواریم با بخشش روبرو شویم.
- این تقاضای بخشش رسمی است.
对话开场白
"What does forgiveness mean to you?"
"Can you share a time when someone's forgiveness was important to you?"
"Is it easier to ask for forgiveness or to grant it?"
"How does culture influence our understanding of forgiveness?"
"What are the benefits of practicing forgiveness in daily life?"
日记主题
Write about a time you had to ask for forgiveness. How did you feel, and what was the outcome?
Reflect on a time you chose to forgive someone. What was the process like, and how did it affect you?
Consider the idea of self-forgiveness. Is it something you practice? How can one achieve it?
Explore the relationship between forgiveness and justice. Can they coexist?
Imagine a world where everyone practiced complete forgiveness. What would it be like?
常见问题
10 个问题'بخشش' is a noun meaning 'forgiveness' or 'pardon'. It refers to the act or concept itself. For example, 'بخشش او برایم مهم است' (His forgiveness is important to me). 'بخشیدن' is the verb, meaning 'to forgive'. For example, 'من او را بخشیدم' (I forgave him). In simple sentences describing the act of forgiving, the verb is often more natural.
'بخشش' is the direct act of pardoning someone for a specific offense. 'گذشت' implies a broader sense of forbearance, leniency, and letting go of resentment, often with a connotation of magnanimity. While they overlap, 'بخشش' is more about the decision to pardon, whereas 'گذشت' is about the attitude of overlooking and not holding a grudge.
While the root verb بخشیدن means 'to give' or 'to grant,' the noun بخشش primarily refers to forgiveness in modern Persian. In older texts or very specific formal contexts, it might imply a 'grant' or 'gift,' but for material gifts, the word هدیه (hedieh) is standard and should be used.
Common ways include: 'من از تو بخشش میخواهم' (Man az to bakhshesh mikhāham - I want forgiveness from you), 'از شما طلب بخشش دارم' (Az shomā talab-e bakhshesh dāram - I request forgiveness from you - formal), or simply using the verb: 'لطفاً مرا ببخش' (Lotfan marā bebakhsh - Please forgive me).
The direct opposites are concepts related to retaliation and holding grudges. Key antonyms include 'انتقام' (enteghām - revenge) and 'کینه' (kineh - grudge, malice). Holding onto anger or seeking revenge are antithetical to the spirit of forgiveness.
The noun بخشش itself is less common in strict legal contexts for 'pardon'. For official pardons or amnesties, the word 'عفو' (afv) is more appropriate and widely used. However, the general concept of seeking leniency might involve discussions related to بخشش.
بخشش is a highly valued virtue in Persian culture, deeply influenced by Islamic teachings. It's considered essential for maintaining social harmony, mending relationships, and achieving spiritual peace. It's often practiced during religious holidays and celebrated in literature and poetry.
The 'kh' sound (represented by 'x' in IPA) is a voiceless velar fricative. It's made in the back of the throat, similar to the 'ch' in Scottish 'loch' or German 'Bach'. It's not a simple 'sh' or 's' sound.
Some common phrases include: 'طلب بخشش کردن' (to ask for forgiveness), 'بخشش کردن' (to grant forgiveness), 'بخشش خدا' (God's forgiveness), and 'بخشش واقعی' (true forgiveness).
While the root verb بخشیدن means 'to give', the noun بخشش primarily means forgiveness in modern Persian. In some older or highly formal contexts, it might carry a secondary meaning of 'grant' or 'generous donation', but هدیه (gift) or کمک مالی (financial aid) are more common for actual donations.
自我测试 10 个问题
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Bakhshesh (بخشش) is the Persian word for forgiveness, signifying the voluntary release from anger and resentment, a virtue highly esteemed in Persian culture and crucial for interpersonal harmony.
- Bakhshesh (بخشش) means forgiveness: the act of pardoning or being pardoned.
- It involves letting go of anger and resentment towards someone who has wronged you.
- This concept is highly valued in Persian culture, linked with mercy and generosity.
- It can be used in personal, social, and religious contexts.
Mastering the 'Kh' Sound
The 'خ' in بخشش is a guttural sound made in the back of the throat. Practice by saying 'ach' or 'loch' and try to make the sound rougher. Listen to native speakers and mimic them closely.
Noun vs. Verb Usage
Remember that بخشش is the noun (forgiveness), while بخشیدن is the verb (to forgive). Use the verb for direct actions like 'I forgave him' (او را بخشیدم) and the noun for the concept or when asking for it as a grant, like 'I ask for forgiveness' (طلب بخشش میکنم).
Context is Key
While بخشش primarily means forgiveness, be aware of its rare usage as 'grant' or 'gift' in older texts. In modern conversation, always assume it means forgiveness unless the context strongly suggests otherwise.
Cultural Importance
بخشش is highly valued in Persian culture. Understanding its significance in literature, religion, and social customs will help you appreciate its usage and importance in conversations.
例句
بخشش یکی از فضایل اخلاقی است.
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عاشق
A1爱上某人或对某事充满热情。
عاشق بودن
A2爱上某人或某事；对...充满激情。
عاشق شدن
A2爱上某人 (Ài shàng mǒu rén).
عاشقانه
B1以充满爱意或浪漫的方式。
عاطفه
A2情感，关爱。她对孩子们充满了关爱。
اعتقاد
A2坚定的信念或信仰。例如：“我坚信教育的力量。” (من به قدرت آموزش اعتقاد راسخ دارم。)
اعتماد
A2Trust, confidence, reliance.
اعتماد کردن
A2To trust; to rely on.
عجب
B1表示惊奇或惊讶的感叹词；真奇怪！
عجول
A1急躁的，失去耐心的。指那些不能等待、容易因延迟而烦躁或行动过于仓促的人。
