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A1 verb #2,000 最常用 10分钟阅读

بستن

前2,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 بستن 30秒了解

解析 بستن in your Level:

At the A1 level, the verb بستن (bastan) is introduced as one of the most fundamental action verbs in the Persian language. The primary focus for beginners is on its literal, physical meaning: to close or to shut. As a learner, you will use this verb to describe everyday actions in your immediate environment. The most common contexts involve doors (dar), windows (panjereh), and books (ketab). You will learn the basic imperative forms, such as 'beband' (close - informal) and 'bebandid' (close - formal/plural), which are essential for classroom instructions and daily interactions. For example, a teacher might say 'ketab-ha ra bebandid' (close the books). You will also learn the simple present tense to describe routines, such as 'man dar ra mi-band-am' (I close the door). The key challenge at this level is memorizing the irregular present stem 'band' (بند) and the past stem 'bast' (بست). It is crucial to practice conjugating these stems with the correct personal endings. At this stage, you do not need to worry about the metaphorical or compound uses of the verb. Your primary goal is to associate 'bastan' with the physical act of shutting an object that has a hinge or a lid. Repetition of simple sentences like 'panjereh ra beband, hava sard ast' (close the window, the weather is cold) will solidify your understanding of this vital vocabulary word.

As you progress to the A2 level, your understanding of بستن (bastan) expands beyond simple doors and windows to include the concept of tying and fastening. This is a critical expansion of the verb's utility. You will learn to use it in contexts such as getting dressed or preparing for a journey. For instance, you will learn phrases like 'band-e kafsh ra bastan' (to tie shoelaces) and 'kamarband ra bastan' (to fasten a seatbelt). This introduces the idea that 'bastan' is not just about shutting, but about securing something in place. You will also begin to encounter simple compound verbs where 'bastan' plays a supporting role. A very common example at this level is 'saf bastan' (to line up or form a queue), which is highly useful in everyday situations like waiting at a bakery or a bus stop. Grammatically, you will become more comfortable using the verb in the past tense to recount events, such as 'dirouz dar ra bastam' (yesterday I closed the door), and in the future tense using 'khaham bast' (I will close). You will also practice the negative forms more frequently, such as 'dar ra naband' (do not close the door). The A2 level bridges the gap between basic physical actions and slightly more complex, everyday routines involving securing and organizing.

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At the B1 level, the versatility of بستن (bastan) truly begins to shine as you encounter its metaphorical and more abstract applications. You move away from purely physical actions and start using the verb in social, professional, and environmental contexts. A major milestone at this level is learning the phrase 'gharardad bastan' (to sign a contract or close a deal), which is essential for any business or formal interaction. You will also learn its application in describing environmental conditions, such as 'yakh bastan' (to freeze, literally 'to tie ice'), used when water turns to ice in winter. Furthermore, the concept of blocking or obstructing becomes prominent. You will understand news reports stating that a road is closed ('jade basteh ast') due to an accident or weather. At this intermediate stage, your grammatical mastery of the verb must be solid. You will use it seamlessly in the present subjunctive, such as 'bayad dar ra bebandam' (I must close the door), and the present perfect, 'man dar ra baste-am' (I have closed the door). You will also start distinguishing between the active voice (I closed the door) and the passive voice (the door was closed - 'dar basteh shod'). This level requires you to think less about direct translation and more about the underlying Persian concept of securing or finalizing an action.

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Reaching the B2 level means you are now dealing with the nuances, idioms, and advanced compound structures of بستن (bastan). You are expected to understand and use the verb in abstract, psychological, and complex social contexts. For example, you will learn idioms like 'dahan-e kasi ra bastan' (to silence someone or shut them up) and 'cheshm bastan ruye chizi' (to turn a blind eye to something, literally 'to close eyes on something'). These expressions require a deep understanding of Persian cultural communication. You will also encounter the verb in legal or formal contexts, such as 'hesab ra bastan' (to close/freeze a bank account) or 'shekayat bastan' (to file a complaint/accusation). At this level, you should be fully aware of the common mistakes, such as confusing 'bastan' with 'khamoosh kardan' (turning off electronics) or 'tatil kardan' (closing a business for the day), and you should navigate these distinctions flawlessly. Grammatically, you will use the verb in complex conditional sentences, such as 'agar dar ra basteh boudi, dozd nemi-amad' (if you had closed the door, the thief would not have come). Your vocabulary will expand to include related nouns and adjectives derived from the root, such as 'basteh' (package/parcel) and 'band' (strap/cord), enriching your overall linguistic repertoire.

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At the C1 advanced level, your use of بستن (bastan) should be nearly indistinguishable from a native speaker. You will engage with the verb in literary texts, poetry, and high-level journalistic discourse. You will understand subtle metaphorical uses, such as 'ahd bastan' (to make a covenant or pledge) or 'omid bastan' (to pin one's hopes on something). These expressions carry significant emotional and cultural weight. You will also navigate complex socio-political terminology, such as 'bastan-e marz-ha' (closing of borders) in geopolitical discussions. At this stage, you will appreciate the etymological roots of the verb and its connection to other Indo-European languages, recognizing the shared concept of binding or tying. Your grammatical control will be absolute, allowing you to use the verb in the past perfect subjunctive or complex passive constructions without hesitation. You will also understand regional variations and colloquial shortenings used in fast-paced native speech. For instance, you will effortlessly comprehend phrases like 'kar-esh ro bast' (he finished/secured his job/deal) in informal Tehran slang. The C1 level is about mastering the subtleties, the tone, and the register of the word, ensuring that you choose exactly the right form and compound for any given sophisticated context.

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At the C2 mastery level, your comprehension and application of بستن (bastan) encompass the entire historical, literary, and cultural spectrum of the Persian language. You are not just using the word; you are analyzing its role in classical Persian literature, such as the poetry of Hafez, Rumi, and Ferdowsi, where 'bastan' often symbolizes spiritual binding, the closing of the worldly eye to open the spiritual one, or the sealing of fate. You understand archaic forms and compounds that are no longer used in daily speech but are essential for reading historical texts. You can engage in deep linguistic discussions about the evolution of the stems 'band' and 'bast' and their morphological derivatives across different Iranian languages. In contemporary usage, you can manipulate the verb to create novel metaphors or rhetorical devices in your own writing and public speaking. You are acutely aware of the microscopic shifts in meaning when 'bastan' is paired with different prepositions or nouns in highly specific academic or technical jargon. At this ultimate level of proficiency, the verb is a flexible tool in your linguistic arsenal, allowing you to express the most complex, abstract, and poetic concepts with elegance, precision, and profound cultural resonance.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

بستن 30秒了解

Means to close or shut.
Means to tie or fasten.
Used for making contracts.
Irregular stems: band / bast.

The Persian verb بستن (bastan) is one of the most fundamental and versatile verbs in the Persian language, primarily meaning 'to close' or 'to shut'. However, its usage extends far beyond this simple physical action, encompassing meanings such as 'to tie', 'to fasten', 'to block', and even 'to freeze' or 'to form'. Understanding this verb is absolutely essential for any learner of Persian, as it appears in countless everyday situations, idioms, and compound verbs. At its core, بستن implies the restriction of access, the securing of an object, or the bringing together of parts to form a cohesive whole. When you close a door, you are restricting access; when you tie a shoelace, you are securing it; when water freezes, it forms a solid block. This underlying concept of securing or restricting is the thread that connects all the various meanings of the word. Let us explore the primary definitions and nuances of this essential verb in greater detail.

Physical Closing: The most common and literal use of the verb is to close a physical object, such as a door (dar), a window (panjereh), a book (ketab), or a box (jabeh). This is the first meaning learners encounter and the most frequently used in daily life.

لطفاً در را ببند تا هوای سرد داخل نشود.

Beyond simple closing, the verb is extensively used for tying or fastening.

Tying and Fastening: You use this verb when tying shoelaces (band-e kafsh), fastening a seatbelt (kamarband-e imeni), or tying a rope (tanab). It implies securing something tightly so it does not come loose.

او بند کفش‌هایش را محکم بست و شروع به دویدن کرد.

Another critical application of the verb is in the context of blocking or obstructing.

Blocking and Obstructing: If a road is closed due to snow, or an account is blocked by a bank, the verb بستن is employed. It signifies that passage or access is no longer possible.

پلیس جاده را به دلیل تصادف بست.

The verb also takes on more abstract or metaphorical meanings, such as forming an agreement or a physical state change. For instance, when water freezes, Persians say 'ab yakh bast' (the water tied ice). When two parties reach an agreement, they say 'gharardad bastan' (to tie a contract).

آنها دیروز یک قرارداد مهم تجاری بستند.

Furthermore, the verb is used in negative metaphorical contexts, such as accusing someone falsely, known as 'tomat bastan' (to tie an accusation).

نباید به افراد بی‌گناه تهمت بست.

In summary, while 'to close' is the primary translation, the true essence of the verb revolves around securing, restricting, and solidifying, making it a powerful and ubiquitous tool in Persian communication.

Using the verb بستن (bastan) correctly requires a solid understanding of Persian verb conjugation, as it is an irregular verb. The infinitive is بستن, but its present stem is بند (band) and its past stem is بست (bast). Mastering these stems is the key to unlocking all tenses and moods associated with this verb. Let us delve deeply into the mechanics of how to use this verb across various grammatical structures and everyday contexts.

Present Tense: To form the simple present or present continuous tense, you use the prefix 'mi-', followed by the present stem 'band', and the personal endings. For example, 'I close' is 'mi-band-am', 'you close' is 'mi-band-i', 'he/she closes' is 'mi-band-ad', 'we close' is 'mi-band-im', 'you (plural) close' is 'mi-band-id', and 'they close' is 'mi-band-and'.

من هر شب ساعت ده درهای خانه را می‌بندم.

Moving to the past tense, the structure relies on the past stem.

Past Tense: The simple past is formed by taking the past stem 'bast' and adding the personal endings (except for the third person singular, which is just the stem). So, 'I closed' is 'bast-am', 'you closed' is 'bast-i', 'he/she closed' is 'bast', 'we closed' is 'bast-im', 'you (plural) closed' is 'bast-id', and 'they closed' is 'bast-and'.

دیروز به دلیل طوفان، تمام پنجره‌ها را بستیم.

The imperative mood is crucial for giving commands, such as telling someone to close a door.

Imperative Mood: To command someone to close something, use the prefix 'be-' with the present stem. For singular informal, it is 'be-band'. For plural or formal, it is 'be-band-id'. To say 'do not close', replace 'be-' with 'na-', resulting in 'na-band' or 'na-band-id'.

کتاب‌هایتان را ببندید و به تخته نگاه کنید.

Compound verbs heavily feature this word. For example, 'shart bastan' means to bet, combining the noun for condition/bet with the verb.

من با تو شرط می‌بندم که فردا باران می‌بارد.

Another common compound is 'saf bastan', meaning to line up or form a queue.

مردم برای خرید بلیت صف بستند.

By mastering the present stem 'band' and the past stem 'bast', along with recognizing its role in compound verbs, you will be able to navigate a vast array of Persian sentences with confidence and precision.

The verb بستن (bastan) is ubiquitous in the Persian-speaking world, echoing through homes, streets, offices, and media. Its presence is so pervasive that a learner will encounter it almost immediately upon stepping into a Persian environment. From the mundane tasks of daily life to complex business negotiations and poetic expressions, this verb adapts to fit a multitude of contexts. Let us explore the diverse environments where you are guaranteed to hear this essential word.

In the Home: Domestic life is filled with the physical act of closing things. Parents tell children to close the door (dar ro beband), shut the fridge (yakhchal ro beband), or close the window to keep the cold out. It is a staple of household instructions.

هوا سرد است، لطفاً پنجره را ببند.

Beyond the home, it is frequently heard in the context of transportation and travel.

Transportation and Travel: When entering a car, the driver might remind you to fasten your seatbelt (kamarbandet ro beband). At the airport, you hear about closing the gates, and on the road, you might hear on the radio that a specific highway is closed (masdood shodeh or basteh shodeh) due to heavy snow.

مسافران محترم، کمربندهای خود را ببندید.

In the professional and business world, the verb takes on a metaphorical but highly common usage.

Business and Commerce: In offices, you will hear about 'closing a deal' or 'signing a contract' using the phrase 'gharardad bastan'. Merchants in the bazaar might talk about closing their shops for the day (maghazeh ro bastan).

شرکت ما دیروز یک قرارداد بزرگ با چینی‌ها بست.

Furthermore, the verb is deeply embedded in Persian idioms and expressions heard in casual conversation. For example, 'dahan-e kasi ra bastan' means to silence someone or shut them up (literally: to close someone's mouth).

با این مدرک، دهان همه منتقدان را بست.

You will also hear it in sports, where 'bastan-e bazi' refers to playing defensively to close off the opponent's chances.

تیم حریف در نیمه دوم کاملاً بازی را بست.

Whether you are listening to a mother scolding a child, a news anchor reporting on road conditions, or a businessman celebrating a new partnership, the sounds of 'bast' and 'band' will constantly reach your ears, proving its status as a pillar of the Persian vocabulary.

While بستن (bastan) is a common and essential verb, it presents several pitfalls for learners of Persian, primarily due to direct translation from English and confusion with other verbs that share similar, but distinct, meanings. Navigating these common mistakes is crucial for achieving fluency and sounding natural to native speakers. Let us examine the most frequent errors learners make and how to avoid them effectively.

Turning Off vs. Closing: The most prevalent mistake English speakers make is using بستن to mean 'turning off' an electronic device. In English, one might say 'close the TV' or 'shut the computer' in some dialects, but in Persian, you must never use بستن for electronics or lights. The correct verb is خاموش کردن (khamoosh kardan - to extinguish/turn off).

غلط: تلویزیون را ببند. | درست: تلویزیون را خاموش کن.

Another frequent area of confusion involves the state of being closed versus the action of closing.

Basteh vs. Tatil: Learners often confuse the past participle 'basteh' (closed) with the adjective 'tatil' (closed for business/holiday). If a door is physically shut, it is 'basteh'. However, if a shop is not operating today because it is Sunday, the shop is 'tatil', even if the physical door happens to be open for cleaning.

امروز جمعه است و همه مغازه‌ها تعطیل هستند (نه بسته).

Furthermore, learners struggle with the irregular stems.

Stem Confusion: Because the infinitive is بستن, beginners often incorrectly guess the present stem as 'bast' instead of the irregular 'band'. This leads to incorrect present tense formations like 'mi-bast-am' instead of the correct 'mi-band-am'.

من هر روز در را می‌بندم (نه می‌بستم).

Another subtle mistake is using بستن for locking. While closing a door (dar ra bastan) is common, if you specifically mean to lock it with a key, you should use قفل کردن (ghofl kardan).

در را بستم، اما فراموش کردم آن را قفل کنم.

Finally, in compound verbs, learners sometimes separate the components incorrectly. In a verb like 'shart bastan' (to bet), the object of the bet comes between the noun and the verb, not after the entire compound.

من سر صد دلار شرط بستم.

By being mindful of these distinctions—especially the difference between physical closing, turning off electronics, and operational closures—you will significantly improve the accuracy and natural flow of your spoken and written Persian.

To truly master Persian vocabulary, it is essential to understand not just a word in isolation, but its relationship to other words in the same semantic field. While بستن (bastan) is the general term for closing or tying, Persian offers a rich array of synonyms and related verbs that provide more specific nuances. Choosing the right word can elevate your language from basic to highly proficient. Let us explore the words that share similarities with بستن and delineate their precise differences.

قفل کردن (Ghofl Kardan) - To Lock: While بستن means to shut a door, قفل کردن specifically means to secure it with a key or a lock mechanism. You can close a door without locking it, but locking implies a higher level of security.

لطفاً در را ببند و سپس آن را قفل کن.

Another related concept is blocking or obstructing.

مسدود کردن (Masdood Kardan) - To Block: This is a more formal and specific term for blocking a path, a road, or an account. While you can say 'jade ra bastand' (they closed the road), 'jade ra masdood kardand' sounds more official, like a police report.

حساب بانکی او به دلیل بدهی مسدود شد.

When it comes to tying, there are also more specific terms.

گره زدن (Gereh Zadan) - To Knot: While بستن can mean to tie (like a shoelace), گره زدن specifically focuses on the action of making a knot. It emphasizes the entanglement of the string or rope rather than just securing it.

او دو تکه طناب را به هم گره زد.

For the concept of wrapping or packing, which is related to closing up a parcel, Persian uses a different verb.

او هدیه را در کاغذ کادو پیچید.

پیچیدن (Pichidan) means to wrap or to twist. You wouldn't use بستن to say 'wrap a gift', even though you are 'closing' the paper around it. Finally, for the concept of shutting down an operation or a business permanently or for a holiday, as discussed earlier, the concept of تعطیل کردن (Tatil Kardan) is used.

دولت تصمیم گرفت مدارس را فردا تعطیل کند.

By distinguishing between بستن (general closing/tying), قفل کردن (locking), مسدود کردن (blocking formally), گره زدن (knotting), and تعطیل کردن (shutting down operations), you demonstrate a nuanced and sophisticated grasp of Persian vocabulary, allowing you to express your thoughts with pinpoint accuracy.

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Irregular verb conjugation

Compound verb formation in Persian

Imperative mood (be- prefix)

Subjunctive mood after 'bayad'

Passive voice (basteh shodan)

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按水平分级的例句

لطفاً در را ببند.

Please close the door.

Imperative form: be-band (close).

من پنجره را می‌بندم.

I close the window.

Present simple: mi-band-am (I close).

کتاب را ببندید.

Close the book (plural/formal).

Formal imperative: be-band-id.

او در را بست.

He/She closed the door.

Past simple: bast (he/she closed).

ما جعبه را بستیم.

We closed the box.

Past simple: bast-im (we closed).

در را نبند!

Do not close the door!

Negative imperative: na-band.

آنها مغازه را می‌بندند.

They close the shop.

Present simple: mi-band-and.

آیا در بسته است؟

Is the door closed?

Using the past participle 'basteh' as an adjective.

بند کفشت را ببند.

Tie your shoelace.

Using bastan for tying.

کمربند ایمنی را ببندید.

Fasten your seatbelt.

Common phrase in transportation.

بچه‌ها در حیاط صف بستند.

The children lined up in the yard.

Compound verb: saf bastan (to line up).

من فردا چمدانم را خواهم بست.

I will pack (close) my suitcase tomorrow.

Future tense: khaham bast.

او موهایش را پشت سرش بست.

She tied her hair behind her head.

Using bastan for hair.

لطفاً شیر آب را محکم ببند.

Please close the water tap tightly.

Adverb 'mohkam' (tightly) modifying the verb.

دیروز به خاطر برف جاده را بستند.

Yesterday they closed the road because of snow.

Using bastan for blocking a path.

من نمی‌توانم این دکمه را ببندم.

I cannot fasten this button.

Using bastan for fastening clothing.

شرکت ما با آنها قرارداد بست.

Our company signed a contract with them.

Compound verb: gharardad bastan (to sign a contract).

آب دریاچه در زمستان یخ می‌بندد.

The water of the lake freezes in winter.

Compound verb: yakh bastan (to freeze).

پلیس تمام راه‌های خروجی را بسته است.

The police have closed all exit routes.

Present perfect: basteh ast (has closed).

باید حساب بانکی‌ام را ببندم.

I must close my bank account.

Subjunctive mood after 'bayad'.

آنها سر بازی فوتبال شرط بستند.

They bet on the football game.

Compound verb: shart bastan (to bet).

زخم او کم‌کم دارد دلمه می‌بندد.

His wound is gradually scabbing over.

Compound verb: dolmeh bastan (to scab/coagulate).

اگر در را بسته بودی، گربه فرار نمی‌کرد.

If you had closed the door, the cat wouldn't have escaped.

Past perfect in a conditional sentence.

بارها به او گفتم که در را محکم نبندد.

I told him many times not to slam (close tightly) the door.

Negative subjunctive in reported speech.

با این کار، دهان همه منتقدان را بست.

With this action, he silenced all the critics.

Idiom: dahan-e kasi ra bastan (to silence someone).

نباید چشممان را روی حقایق ببندیم.

We must not close our eyes to the facts.

Idiom: cheshm bastan ruye chizi (to ignore/turn a blind eye).

دولت تصمیم گرفت مرزها را به طور موقت ببندد.

The government decided to close the borders temporarily.

Formal political context.

او به دروغ به من تهمت دزدی بست.

He falsely accused me of theft.

Compound verb: tohamat bastan (to accuse).

تیم ما در نیمه دوم بازی را کاملاً بست.

Our team completely shut down the game in the second half.

Sports terminology for playing defensively.

آنها پیمان برادری بستند.

They made a pact of brotherhood.

Formal compound: peyman bastan (to make a pact).

زبانم از تعجب بسته شد.

I was speechless (my tongue was tied) from surprise.

Passive voice in an idiomatic expression.

او بار و بندیلش را بست و رفت.

He packed his bags and left.

Idiom: bar o bandil bastan (to pack up and leave).

شاعر در این بیت، امید به آینده بسته است.

In this couplet, the poet has pinned his hopes on the future.

Literary use: omid bastan (to pin hopes).

بستن مالیات بر کالاهای اساسی، تورم‌زا خواهد بود.

Imposing taxes on basic goods will be inflationary.

Economic context: bastan-e maliyat (imposing taxes).

او با مهارت تمام، راه نفوذ دشمن را بست.

With great skill, he blocked the enemy's path of infiltration.

Strategic/military context.

این قرارداد، دست و پای ما را در بازار می‌بندد.

This contract ties our hands in the market.

Idiom: dast o pa ra bastan (to restrict freedom of action).

آب‌ها از آسیاب افتاد و پرونده این ماجرا بسته شد.

The dust settled, and the file on this incident was closed.

Idiomatic use indicating the end of a controversy.

او به هیچ گروه سیاسی دل نبسته است.

He has not attached his heart to any political group.

Metaphorical: del bastan (to become attached/fall in love).

بستن راه بر آزادی بیان، عواقب وخیمی دارد.

Blocking the path to freedom of speech has dire consequences.

Abstract philosophical/political context.

مغز او در برابر ایده‌های جدید کاملاً بسته است.

His mind is completely closed to new ideas.

Using the past participle 'basteh' for mental states.

در متون کهن، «بستن» گاه به معنای سحر و جادو به کار رفته است.

In ancient texts, 'bastan' was sometimes used to mean casting a spell.

Academic discussion of archaic meanings.

حافظ می‌فرماید: «بند بر پای تحمل چه کنی، دست بدار».

Hafez says: 'Why do you put a fetter on the foot of endurance? Let it go.'

Analyzing the root 'band' in classical poetry.

انعقاد نطفه در زبان علمی قدیم با فعل «بستن» بیان می‌شد.

The conception of an embryo was expressed with the verb 'bastan' in old scientific language.

Historical scientific terminology.

بستار (Closure) در ریاضیات، مفهومی است که ریشه در همین فعل دارد.

Closure in mathematics is a concept rooted in this very verb.

Etymological link to modern academic terms (bastar).

او با چنان فصاحتی سخن گفت که راه بر هرگونه تأویل و تفسیر بست.

He spoke with such eloquence that he closed the path to any alternative interpretation.

Highly formal, rhetorical usage.

در عرفان، بستن چشم سر برای گشودن چشم دل، یک اصل است.

In mysticism, closing the physical eye to open the spiritual eye is a principle.

Mystical and philosophical context.

ساختار این سمفونی به گونه‌ای است که در موومان آخر، تمام تم‌ها به زیبایی بسته می‌شوند.

The structure of this symphony is such that in the final movement, all themes are beautifully concluded (closed).

Artistic/musical critique context.

واکاوی ریشه‌شناختی واژه «بستن» ما را به پیوندهای عمیق زبان‌های هندواروپایی رهنمون می‌سازد.

An etymological analysis of the word 'bastan' guides us to the deep connections of Indo-European languages.

Linguistic and etymological academic discourse.

常见搭配

در را بستن

پنجره را بستن

قرارداد بستن

شرط بستن

صف بستن

کمربند را بستن

یخ بستن

چشم بستن

دهان را بستن

راه را بستن

常用短语

در رو ببند

قرارداد بستیم

شرط می‌بندم

کمربندها رو ببندید

راه بسته است

یخ بسته

چشمت رو ببند

دهنش رو بست

صف بستن

بار و بندیل بستن

容易混淆的词

بستن vs خاموش کردن (khamoosh kardan - to turn off)

بستن vs تعطیل کردن (tatil kardan - to close a business for a holiday)

بستن vs پیچیدن (pichidan - to wrap)

习语与表达

"دهان کسی را بستن"

"چشم بستن روی چیزی"

"دست و پای کسی را بستن"

"دل بستن"

"امید بستن"

"کمر بستن به کاری"

"عهد بستن"

"تهمت بستن"

"بار خود را بستن"

"آب بستن به چیزی"

容易混淆

بستن vs

句型

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如何使用

common errors

Using 'bastan' for electronics is the #1 error for English speakers.

regional variations

In some Afghan dialects, 'bastan' might be used slightly differently in compound forms, but the core meaning remains identical.

literal vs figurative

Literal: closing a door. Figurative: closing a deal, freezing, silencing someone.

常见错误

Using 'bastan' to turn off the television or lights (should be khamoosh kardan).
Conjugating the present tense as 'mi-bast-am' instead of the correct 'mi-band-am'.
Confusing the adjective 'tatil' (closed for business) with 'basteh' (physically shut).
Using 'bastan' to mean 'to lock' without specifying 'ghofl kardan'.
Placing the object of a compound verb in the wrong position (e.g., saying 'shart bastam sar-e bazi' instead of 'sar-e bazi shart bastam').

小贴士

Master the Stems

Always remember the irregular stems: 'band' for present, 'bast' for past. Write them on a sticky note. Practice conjugating: mi-band-am, bast-am. This is the foundation of using the verb.

No Electronics!

Never use 'bastan' for TVs, phones, or lights. If it has a plug or a battery, use 'khamoosh kardan'. 'Bastan' is strictly for physical, mechanical closing.

Colloquial Shortening

In daily conversation in Tehran, drop the 'ad' in the third person. Instead of 'mi-band-ad', say 'mi-band-e'. This instantly makes you sound more like a native speaker.

Silencing Someone

Learn the idiom 'dahan-e kasi ra bastan' (to close someone's mouth). It's a powerful way to say you silenced critics or stopped someone from talking nonsense.

Closing Deals

If you do business in Iran, 'gharardad bastan' is essential. It means to sign a contract. Think of it as 'tying' the agreement securely.

Seatbelts and Roads

Associate 'bastan' with cars. You 'bastan' your seatbelt (kamarband), and police 'bastan' the roads (jade) when it snows. It's a very common travel verb.

Freezing Water

To say water froze, say 'yakh bast' (it tied ice). This poetic compound is the standard way to describe freezing weather conditions in Persian.

Using Lotfan

The imperative 'beband' can sound harsh on its own. Always soften it with 'lotfan' (please) or 'bi-zahmat' (without trouble) when asking someone to close a door.

Basteh vs Baste

The past participle 'basteh' (closed) ends with a silent 'heh' (بسته). Do not confuse it with the past tense 'bast' (بست) which ends in 'teh'.

The English Connection

Link the present stem 'band' to the English word 'band' (like a rubber band). Both come from the same ancient root meaning to tie or bind. It's a great memory hook!

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine a BASS fish TANning on a beach, but you CLOSE the umbrella to stop it.

词源

文化背景

A handshake often accompanies 'gharardad bastan' to symbolize the 'tying' of the deal.

When asking someone to close a door, always use 'lotfan' (please) to soften the imperative 'beband'.

In some traditional beliefs, 'bastan' is used in the context of magic, like 'bastan-e bakht' (closing someone's luck/fortune).

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"میشه لطفاً در رو ببندی؟ (Could you please close the door?)"

"قرارداد جدید رو کی می‌بندیم؟ (When are we closing the new contract?)"

"چرا جاده رو بستن؟ (Why did they close the road?)"

"شرط می‌بندی کی می‌بره؟ (Do you bet on who will win?)"

"هوا خیلی سرده، پنجره رو بستم. (It's very cold, I closed the window.)"

日记主题

Write about a time you had to 'close a deal' or make an important agreement.

Describe your morning routine using 'bastan' (tying shoes, closing the door).

Write a short story about a road that was mysteriously closed.

Discuss a situation where you had to 'bite your tongue' (close your mouth).

Describe the winter in your city and when the lakes 'tie ice' (freeze).

常见问题

10 个问题

No, this is a very common mistake. In Persian, 'bastan' is strictly for physical objects with hinges, lids, or things you tie. For electronic devices, lights, or anything requiring power, you must use 'khamoosh kardan' (to extinguish/turn off). Saying 'televizion ra beband' sounds very unnatural to a native speaker.

The verb 'bastan' is irregular. Its present stem is 'band' (بند) and its past stem is 'bast' (بست). You use 'band' for present tense, future tense, imperative, and subjunctive moods. You use 'bast' for all past tenses. Memorizing these two stems is crucial for using the verb correctly.

You use the compound verb 'shart bastan'. 'Shart' means condition or bet. To say 'I bet', you conjugate the verb in the present tense: 'shart mi-band-am'. If you want to say 'I bet on the game', you say 'sar-e bazi shart bastam' (I bet on the game).

'Basteh' is the past participle of 'bastan' and means physically closed, like a shut door. 'Tatil' is an adjective meaning closed for business, on holiday, or non-operational. A shop might be 'tatil' on Friday, but its physical door might be open for cleaning. If the door is shut, it is 'basteh'.

Persian uses the compound verb 'yakh bastan' to mean to freeze. 'Yakh' means ice. So, literally, it means 'to tie ice'. For example, 'ab yakh bast' means 'the water froze'. This shows the metaphorical extension of 'bastan' to mean solidifying or forming a layer.

Yes, but specifically for things that need tying or fastening. You use it for tying shoelaces (band-e kafsh ra bastan), fastening a belt (kamarband ra bastan), or doing up buttons (dokmeh ra bastan). You do not use it for simply putting on a shirt; for that, you use 'pooshidan' (to wear).

The imperative form is 'beband' (informal singular) or 'bebandid' (formal/plural). To be polite, always add 'lotfan' (please) at the beginning. So, 'lotfan dar ra beband' (Please close the door). In spoken Persian, 'dar ra' often becomes 'dar ro'.

'Saf' means line or queue. 'Saf bastan' is a compound verb meaning to form a line or to queue up. You will hear this often in schools, bakeries, or bus stops. For example, 'mardom saf bastand' means 'the people lined up'.

Yes, in the context of packing a suitcase or bags for a trip, you can use 'bastan'. 'Chamedan ra bastan' means to pack (close) the suitcase. There is also an idiom 'bar o bandil bastan', which means to pack up all one's belongings, often implying leaving for good.

There are several nouns derived from the root. 'Basteh' means a package or parcel. 'Band' means a strap, cord, or paragraph. 'Bast' means a clamp or fastener. Interestingly, 'bastani' (ice cream) also comes from this root, relating to the concept of freezing (yakh bastan).

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