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A1 verb #900 最常用 8分钟阅读

دیدن

Q: How do I say 'I visit my friend'?

You can say 'دوستم را میبینم' (I see my friend) or 'به دیدن دوستم میروم' (I go to the seeing of my friend).

didan 前900

开始练习例句笔记与提示 دیدن 30秒了解

解析 دیدن in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'didán' is taught as a basic action verb meaning 'to see'. Students learn the simple past tense (didam, didi, did) to describe things they saw in the past and the present tense (mibinam) for things they see now. The focus is on physical objects and people: 'I saw a cat', 'I see my teacher'. Learners also learn that 'didán' is used for seeing movies. The grammar focus is on the direct object marker 'râ' and the basic SOV sentence structure.

At the A2 level, the meaning of 'didán' expands to include 'visiting' people. Students learn to use it in social contexts, such as 'I am going to see my friend'. The concept of compound verbs like 'khâb didán' (to dream) is introduced. Learners also begin to distinguish between 'didán' and 'negâh kardan' (to look), and start using the imperative 'bebin' (look/see) and the subjunctive 'bebinam' (that I see) after verbs like 'mikhâham' (I want).

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At the B1 level, 'didán' is used in more complex grammatical structures, such as the perfect tenses (dide-am - I have seen). Students explore the use of 'didán' in common idioms and phrases. The cultural aspect of 'did-o-bâzdid' (reciprocal visiting) is discussed in the context of Iranian traditions. Learners are expected to use 'didán' naturally in storytelling, describing not just what they saw, but who they visited and what they experienced.

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At the B2 level, learners use 'didán' in abstract and metaphorical ways. It can mean 'to witness' historical events or 'to experience' life stages. The passive form 'dide shodan' (to be seen) is introduced. Students learn to distinguish 'didán' from more formal synonyms like 'moshâhede kardan' and 'didâr kardan' in various registers. They also start to recognize 'didán' in classical poetry and more complex literary prose.

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At the C1 level, the focus shifts to the nuances of 'didán' in literature and high-level discourse. This includes its use in philosophical discussions about perception and reality. Students study how 'didán' functions in complex idiomatic expressions and proverbs. They are expected to use the verb with perfect precision, choosing it over synonyms to convey specific shades of meaning, such as the difference between a casual 'seeing' and a profound 'witnessing'.

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At the C2 level, 'didán' is understood in its full historical and etymological depth. Learners can analyze its use in Middle Persian texts and its evolution into modern usage. They can appreciate the subtle wordplay involving 'didán' in the works of Hafez or Rumi. At this level, the speaker uses 'didán' with the fluidity of a native, incorporating it into complex rhetorical structures and using it to discuss aesthetics, epistemology, and cultural identity.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

دیدن 30秒了解

Didán is the basic Persian verb for 'to see'.
It has two stems: 'did' (past) and 'bin' (present).
It is also the standard verb for 'visiting' people.
It is used in compound verbs like 'khâb didán' (to dream).

The Persian verb دیدن (didán) is one of the most fundamental pillars of the Persian language, primarily translating to 'to see' in English. However, its utility extends far beyond simple optical perception. In the heart of Iranian culture, 'didán' encompasses the act of visiting, witnessing, experiencing, and even understanding. At the CEFR A1 level, learners first encounter it as a basic sensory verb, but as one progresses, it transforms into a versatile tool for social interaction and abstract expression. Whether you are spotting a friend in a crowded bazaar or visiting an elderly relative during Nowruz, 'didán' is the verb that bridges the gap between the observer and the observed.

Sensory Perception: The most direct use is the physical act of seeing with one's eyes. It is used for objects, people, and events occurring in the immediate environment.
Social Visiting: In Persian culture, visiting people is a vital social duty. 'Didán' is frequently used to mean 'to pay a visit to someone,' often implying a formal or semi-formal social call.
Experiencing: Metaphorically, it can mean to experience a situation, such as 'seeing' hardship or 'seeing' a particular historical era.

من دیروز علی را در بازار دیدم (Man diruz Ali râ dar bâzâr didam).

Translation: I saw Ali in the bazaar yesterday.

Understanding the duality of 'didán' is crucial. While English distinguishes between 'seeing' a movie and 'visiting' a grandmother, Persian often uses 'didán' for both, though 'tamâshâ kardan' is also common for watching. This verb is irregular in its stems: the past stem is did (دید) and the present stem is bin (بین). Mastering these two stems allows a learner to navigate through all tenses, from the simple past to the complex subjunctive. The cultural weight of 'didán' is best exemplified in the phrase 'did-o-bâzdid,' which refers to the reciprocal visiting that defines the Persian New Year (Nowruz).

آیا فیلم جدید را دیدی؟ (Âyâ film-e jadid râ didi?)

Translation: Did you see the new movie?

Formal vs. Informal: In formal writing, 'moshâhede kardan' (to observe) might replace 'didán', but in daily speech, 'didán' is ubiquitous and never sounds too casual or too stiff.

باید برویم و مادربزرگ را ببینیم (Bâyad beravim va mâdarbozorg râ bebinim).

Translation: We must go and see (visit) grandmother.

Using دیدن (didán) correctly requires a grasp of its two stems and how they interact with Persian syntax. Persian is a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) language, meaning 'didán' and its conjugated forms will almost always appear at the end of your sentence. Because 'didán' is a transitive verb, the object being seen usually takes the post-positional marker râ (را) if it is definite. This is a common stumbling block for English speakers who are used to the Verb-Object order.

Past Tense Construction: Use the stem 'did' + personal endings. For example: 'did-am' (I saw), 'did-i' (you saw), 'did' (he/she/it saw).
Present Tense Construction: Use the prefix 'mi-' + stem 'bin' + personal endings. For example: 'mi-bin-am' (I see/I am seeing), 'mi-bin-i' (you see).

من تو را در کتابخانه می‌بینم (Man to râ dar ketâbkhâne mibinam).

Translation: I see you in the library.

When expressing future intent, Persian speakers often use the present continuous form or the auxiliary verb 'khâhtan'. For instance, 'khâham did' (I will see) is formal, while 'mi-bin-am' (I see) is often used for the near future in colloquial speech. Furthermore, 'didán' is frequently paired with compound verbs. For example, 'khâb didán' means 'to dream' (literally: to see a dream). This demonstrates how 'didán' acts as a functional building block for more complex concepts.

دیشب خواب عجیبی دیدم (Dishab khâb-e ajibi didam).

Translation: Last night I saw (had) a strange dream.

The Subjunctive Mood: When you want to say 'I want to see,' you use 'mi-khâham be-bin-am'. The 'be-' prefix is added to the present stem 'bin'.

می‌خواهم این منظره را ببینم (Mikhâham in manzare râ bebinam).

Translation: I want to see this view.

In the bustling streets of Tehran or the quiet courtyards of Isfahan, دیدن (didán) is a constant acoustic presence. You will hear it in the most mundane and the most profound contexts. It is the verb of the eye, but also the verb of the heart. One of the most common places you'll encounter it is in the context of 'did-o-bâzdid'. During holidays, especially Nowruz, Iranians spend weeks 'seeing' and 're-seeing' relatives. If you are invited to an Iranian home, your host might say 'khosh-hâlam ke shomâ râ mi-bin-am' (I am happy to see you).

Daily Greetings: 'Mi-bin-am-et' (I'll see you) is the standard way to say goodbye when you expect to meet someone again soon.
Media and Entertainment: On television, news anchors might say 'moshâhede mi-konid' (you are observing/seeing), but in a movie, a character would scream 'be-bin!' (look!) to point out a danger.

فردا تو را می‌بینم (Fardâ to râ mibinam).

Translation: I will see you tomorrow.

Another fascinating context is the world of Persian cinema. Directors like Abbas Kiarostami often explore the act of 'seeing' as a philosophical concept. In their films, characters often talk about what they 'saw' in a way that implies a deeper understanding of life. In the bazaar, you might hear a merchant say 'be-bin cheghadr ghashange!' (See how beautiful it is!) to entice you to buy a carpet. In these instances, 'didán' is not just about light hitting the retina; it's about appreciation.

چشمم تو را دید و دلم لرزید (Chashmam to râ did o delam larzid).

Translation: My eye saw you and my heart trembled (Poetic/Romantic).

For English speakers, the most common mistake when using دیدن (didán) is confusing it with negâh kardan (to look). In English, 'seeing' is often passive, while 'looking' is active. In Persian, this distinction is strictly maintained. You 'see' (didán) a bird that happens to fly by, but you 'look at' (negâh kardan be) a painting in a museum. Using 'didán' when you mean 'to focus your gaze' can sound slightly off to a native speaker.

Confusing Stems: Beginners often try to use the past stem 'did' in the present tense (e.g., 'mi-did-am' instead of 'mi-bin-am'). Remember: 'did' is for the past, 'bin' is for the present.
Omitting 'râ': Because 'didán' is transitive, if you see a specific person or thing, you must use 'râ'. Saying 'Man Ali didam' is incorrect; it must be 'Man Ali râ didam'.

❌ من عکس را دیدم (when you mean you studied/looked at it).
✅ من به عکس نگاه کردم.

Another mistake involves the verb 'to watch'. While you can 'see' a movie (film didán), if you are 'watching' television as an ongoing activity, 'tamâshâ kardan' is often more appropriate. However, 'didán' is acceptable for movies. The most subtle mistake is in the realm of 'visiting'. English speakers might use 'molâghât kardan' for every visit, but this is often too formal (like 'to have an audience with'). For visiting friends, 'didán' is much more natural.

❌ من دیروز او را بینم.
✅ من دیروز او را دیدم.

Explanation: Don't use the present stem for past actions.

While دیدن (didán) is the go-to verb for seeing, Persian offers a rich palette of synonyms that provide more nuance. Depending on whether you are observing, glancing, or witnessing, you might choose a different word. Understanding these alternatives will make your Persian sound more sophisticated and precise.

نگاه کردن (Negâh Kardan): To look. This implies intent and direction of the gaze. It always takes the preposition 'be' (at).
تماشا کردن (Tamâshâ Kardan): To watch. Used for spectacles, movies, scenery, or sports. It implies a longer duration of seeing for pleasure.
مشاهده کردن (Moshâhede Kardan): To observe. This is formal and scientific. You would use this in a lab report or a formal news broadcast.

ما داریم فوتبال تماشا می‌کنیم (Mâ dârim futbâl tamâshâ mikonim).

Translation: We are watching football.

In poetic or highly literary Persian, you might encounter 'negaristan' (to look/behold), though this is rare in modern speech. For 'visiting', 'ziyârat kardan' is used specifically for holy shrines or highly respected figures, while 'didâr kardan' is a more formal version of 'didán' used for official meetings. Choosing the right word depends entirely on the context and the level of respect you wish to convey.

او به آسمان نگاه کرد (Ou be âsemân negâh kard).

Translation: He looked at the sky.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The present stem 'bin' comes from a different ancient root (*wein-) than the past stem 'did' (*dei-). This is why they look so different today, a phenomenon called suppletion.

发音指南

UK /diːˈdæn/

US /diːˈdɑːn/

On the final syllable: di-DÁN.

押韵词

خریدن (kharidán) پریدن (paridán) رسیدن (residán) کشیدن (keshidán) شنیدن (shenidán) چیدن (chidán) گزیدن (gozidán) وزیدن (vazidán)

常见错误

Pronouncing the 'i' like the 'i' in 'sit' (it should be 'ee').
Stress on the first syllable.
Mispronouncing the present stem 'bin' as 'ben'.
Mixing up the 'â' (long) and 'a' (short) sounds.
Not pronouncing the final 'n' clearly.

难度评级

阅读 1/5

Very easy to recognize in text.

写作 2/5

Requires remembering the irregular present stem 'bin'.

口语 2/5

Natural use requires correct placement of 'râ'.

听力 1/5

Very common and easy to hear.

接下来学什么

前置知识

من (I) تو (You) کتاب (Book) رفتن (To go) را (Object marker)

接下来学习

نگاه کردن (To look) تماشا کردن (To watch) شنیدن (To hear) خواب (Dream) ملاقات (Meeting)

高级

بصیرت (Insight) شهود (Intuition) منظره (Landscape) چشم‌انداز (Perspective)

需要掌握的语法

Irregular Present Stem

Present stem of 'didán' is 'bin'. (mibinam)

Direct Object Marker 'râ'

Man Ali râ didam. (I saw Ali.)

Subjunctive Mood

Mikhâham bebinam. (I want to see.)

Compound Verbs

Khâb didán (To dream).

Passive Voice

Dide shodan (To be seen).

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按水平分级的例句

من یک گربه دیدم.

I saw a cat.

Simple past tense of didán.

آیا تو سارا را دیدی؟

Did you see Sara?

Question form in the past tense.

ما فیلم می‌بینیم.

We see (are watching) a movie.

Present continuous/habitual sense.

او کتاب را دید.

He/She saw the book.

Third person singular past.

من گل‌ها را می‌بینم.

I see the flowers.

Plural object with 'râ'.

آنها خانه را دیدند.

They saw the house.

Third person plural past.

ببین! یک پرنده!

Look! A bird!

Imperative form 'bebin'.

من تو را نمی‌بینم.

I don't see you.

Negative present tense.

می‌خواهم فردا دوستم را ببینم.

I want to see my friend tomorrow.

Subjunctive 'bebinam' after 'mikhâham'.

دیشب خواب دیدم.

I saw a dream (I dreamed) last night.

Compound verb 'khâb didán'.

ما به دیدن مادربزرگ رفتیم.

We went to see (visit) grandmother.

Gerund-like use 'be didane'.

بیا این عکس را ببین.

Come see this photo.

Imperative 'bebin' with 'râ'.

او هیچ‌وقت دریا را ندیده است.

He has never seen the sea.

Present perfect 'nadide ast'.

باید دکتر را ببینی.

You must see the doctor.

Subjunctive with 'bâyad'.

من هر روز او را در مدرسه می‌بینم.

I see him every day at school.

Habitual present tense.

آنها برای دیدن موزه آمدند.

They came to see the museum.

Infinitive purpose.

تا حالا چنین چیزی ندیده بودم.

I had never seen such a thing until now.

Past perfect tense.

دیدن او همیشه مرا خوشحال می‌کند.

Seeing him always makes me happy.

Infinitive used as a noun (subject).

او در زندگی سختی‌های زیادی دیده است.

He has seen (experienced) many hardships in life.

Metaphorical use for 'experience'.

باید برویم و از نزدیک ببینیم چه شده است.

We must go and see from close up what has happened.

Adverbial phrase 'az nazdik'.

او طوری نگاه کرد که انگار مرا ندیده است.

He looked in a way as if he hadn't seen me.

Conditional/Subjunctive context.

فیلمی که دیدیم خیلی جالب بود.

The movie that we saw was very interesting.

Relative clause.

او را در حالی دیدم که داشت گریه می‌کرد.

I saw him while he was crying.

Seeing an action in progress.

چشمم دید ولی باور نکردم.

My eye saw, but I didn't believe.

Idiomatic emphasis on witnessing.

این شهر در طول تاریخ جنگ‌های بسیاری به خود دیده است.

This city has seen many wars throughout history.

Personification of the city as the observer.

او به عنوان شاهد، تمام ماجرا را دیده بود.

As a witness, he had seen the entire incident.

Formal context of witnessing.

باید دید که در آینده چه اتفاقی می‌افتد.

It remains to be seen what will happen in the future.

Impersonal 'bâyad did'.

او خودش را در آینه دید و لبخند زد.

He saw himself in the mirror and smiled.

Reflexive use.

این منظره واقعاً دیدن دارد.

This view is really worth seeing.

Idiomatic 'didán dârad' (worth seeing).

او را دیدم که با عجله از ساختمان خارج شد.

I saw him exiting the building in a hurry.

Object complement structure.

ما برای دیدن اقوام به شیراز سفر کردیم.

We traveled to Shiraz to see (visit) relatives.

Social 'didán'.

او با دیدن من، تعجب کرد.

Upon seeing me, he was surprised.

Prepositional phrase with infinitive.

او در آثارش، دنیا را از زاویه‌ای متفاوت می‌بیند.

In his works, he sees the world from a different angle.

Metaphorical/Philosophical perspective.

این نظریه در عمل، نتایج متفاوتی به بار آورده و دیده شده است.

This theory has yielded and been seen to have different results in practice.

Passive 'dide shode'.

او چنان در افکارش غرق بود که گویی هیچ‌کس را نمی‌دید.

He was so immersed in his thoughts as if he saw no one.

Literary description of state.

در این کتاب، می‌توان تأثیر فرهنگ غرب را بر نویسنده دید.

In this book, one can see the influence of Western culture on the author.

Abstract perception.

او با دیدن حقیقت، مسیر زندگی‌اش را تغییر داد.

By seeing the truth, he changed his life's path.

Truth as an object of 'didán'.

بسیاری از منتقدان، این فیلم را شاهکار می‌بینند.

Many critics see (regard) this film as a masterpiece.

Synonymous with 'regard/consider'.

او در خواب و بیداری، فقط او را می‌دید.

In sleep and wakefulness, he saw only her.

Poetic/Obsessive use.

چشم بصیرت می‌خواهد تا زیبایی‌های پنهان را ببینی.

It requires the eye of insight to see hidden beauties.

Spiritual/Sufi terminology.

عارفان معتقدند که باید خدا را در همه چیز دید.

Mystics believe that one must see God in everything.

Theological/Philosophical use.

او در آینه تاریخ، سرنوشت ملت‌ها را می‌دید.

In the mirror of history, he saw the fate of nations.

Complex metaphor.

این اثر هنری، تجلی آن چیزی است که هنرمند در شهود خود دیده است.

This artwork is the manifestation of what the artist saw in their intuition.

Intuition as a mode of seeing.

او با دیدی نقادانه به مسائل اجتماعی می‌نگرد و آن‌ها را می‌بیند.

He looks at and sees social issues with a critical eye.

Analytical 'didán'.

در کلام حافظ، می‌توان دید که چگونه عشق بر عقل چیره می‌شود.

In Hafez's words, one can see how love triumphs over reason.

Literary analysis.

او چنان به بلوغ فکری رسیده بود که حقایق را ورای ظاهر می‌دید.

He had reached such intellectual maturity that he saw truths beyond appearances.

Transcendental seeing.

باید دید که آیا این توافق‌نامه در درازمدت پایدار خواهد ماند یا خیر.

It remains to be seen whether this agreement will remain stable in the long term or not.

Formal geopolitical discourse.

او در هر ذره‌ای از کائنات، نشانه‌ای از معشوق می‌دید.

In every particle of the universe, he saw a sign of the Beloved.

Sufi poetic tradition.

近义词

نگاه کردن مشاهده کردن تماشا کردن رویت کردن دیدار کردن

反义词

نادیده گرفتن از دست دادن پنهان کردن نگرفتن

常见搭配

فیلم دیدن

خواب دیدن

آموزش دیدن

آسیب دیدن

شکست دیدن

خوبی دیدن

رنج دیدن

دوره دیدن

پایان دیدن

نتیجه دیدن

常用短语

خوشحالم می‌بینمت

— I'm happy to see you. Used when meeting someone.

سلام! خوشحالم می‌بینمت.

ببینیم و تعریف کنیم

— Let's wait and see. Used for uncertain future outcomes.

حالا ببینیم و تعریف کنیم چه می‌شود.

چشمم روشن

— Literally 'my eye is bright'. Said when seeing someone after a long time.

چشمم روشن که برگشتی!

ندیده و نشناخته

— Without seeing or knowing. Used for making judgments without evidence.

ندیده و نشناخته قضاوت نکن.

تا ببینی

— Depending on how you see it / Until you see.

باید صبر کنی تا ببینی.

دیده شدن

— To be seen / To become visible or famous.

او می‌خواهد در اینستاگرام دیده شود.

دیدنی است

— It is worth seeing / spectacular.

این منظره واقعاً دیدنی است.

دید زدن

— To peek or look around (sometimes negatively).

داشت داخل مغازه را دید می‌زد.

دید به دید

— Face to face.

باید دید به دید با او حرف بزنم.

دید و بازدید

— Visiting each other (especially during holidays).

عید وقت دید و بازدید است.

容易混淆的词

دیدن vs نگاه کردن

Negâh kardan is active (to look), didán is often passive (to see).

دیدن vs تماشا کردن

Tamâshâ is specifically for watching entertainment or scenery.

دیدن vs دیدار کردن

Didâr is more formal and usually implies a scheduled meeting.

习语与表达

"چشمم آب نمی‌خورد"

— I highly doubt it. Literally: my eye doesn't drink water.

چشمم آب نمی‌خورد که او بیاید.

Informal

"دیده را نادیده گرفتن"

— To turn a blind eye to something seen.

او اشتباهات پسرش را نادیده می‌گیرد.

Neutral

"خواب دیدن برای کسی"

— To have (usually bad) plans for someone.

رئیس برای او خواب‌های بدی دیده است.

Informal

"دنیا دیده"

— Experienced / Worldly. Literally: one who has seen the world.

او پیرمردی دنیا دیده است.

Neutral

"چشم دیدن کسی را نداشتن"

— To be unable to stand someone / To be jealous.

او چشم دیدن موفقیت مرا ندارد.

Informal

"از چشم دیدن"

— To see with one's own eyes (confirming something).

تا با چشم خودم نبینم باور نمی‌کنم.

Neutral

"دید زدن"

— To check out / To ogle.

داشت ویترین‌ها را دید می‌زد.

Slang/Informal

"خواب دیدی خیر باشد"

— You're dreaming! (Said to someone with unrealistic expectations).

فکر کردی به تو پول می‌دهد؟ خواب دیدی خیر باشد!

Informal

"دیده به در دوختن"

— To wait expectantly for someone to arrive.

مادر دیده به در دوخته بود.

Literary

"هر چه دیدی از چشم خودت دیدی"

— Whatever happens is your own fault.

اگر نروی، هر چه دیدی از چشم خودت دیدی.

Informal

容易混淆

دیدن vs بین (bin)

It's the stem of 'didán' but also means 'between'.

Context usually makes it clear; as a stem, it always has prefixes/suffixes.

بین ما (Between us) vs می‌بینم (I see).

دیدن vs دیده (dide)

Means 'seen' but also 'eye' in poetry.

In modern speech, it's almost always the past participle.

او را دیده‌ام (I have seen him).

دیدن vs دید (did)

Past stem but also a noun meaning 'vision/view'.

Noun 'did' is used in 'did-e man' (my view/opinion).

دیدِ خوبی دارد (He has good vision).

دیدن vs ببین (bebin)

Imperative 'see' but often used as a filler like 'Look...' or 'Listen...'.

Used at the start of sentences to emphasize a point.

ببین، من چی میگم... (Look, what I'm saying is...)

دیدن vs دیدنی (didani)

Adjective 'worth seeing' vs 'seeing' (noun).

Didani is always an adjective describing a place or thing.

جای دیدنی (A place worth seeing).

句型

[Subject] [Object] râ did.

Man sarâ râ didam.

[Subject] dârad [Object] mibinat.

U dârad film mibinat.

[Subject] mikhâhad [Object] râ bebinat.

Ali mikhâhad to râ bebinat.

[Subject] be didane [Person] raft.

Mâ be didane mâmân raftim.

[Subject] [Object] râ dide ast.

Man in film râ dide-am.

[Object] dide mishavad.

Kuh az inja dide mishavad.

Bâyad did ke...

Bâyad did ke che mishavad.

Dar [Source], mitavân [Concept] râ did.

Dar in sher, mitavân eshgh râ did.

词族

名词

دید (sight/view)

دیدار (meeting/visit)

بینایی (eyesight)

دیده (eye/seen)

دیدگاه (viewpoint)

بیننده (viewer)

动词

دیده شدن (to be seen)

دیدار کردن (to meet formally)

بازدید کردن (to inspect/visit)

形容词

دیدنی (worth seeing)

بینا (seeing/not blind)

نامرئی (invisible - related to root)

دیده (seen)

如何使用

frequency

Extremely High (Top 50 verbs)

常见错误

Man didam Ali. → Man Ali râ didam.
Persian is SOV (Subject-Object-Verb). The verb must go at the end.
Man mikhâham did. → Man mikhâham bebinam.
After 'mikhâham', you must use the subjunctive form (be + present stem + ending).
Man be film didam. → Man film râ didam.
'Didán' takes 'râ', not 'be'. 'Negâh kardan' takes 'be'.
Dirooz mibinam. → Dirooz didam.
Don't use the present stem for past actions.
Man khâb kardam. → Man khâb didam.
To dream is 'khâb didán', not 'khâb kardan' (which means to sleep).

小贴士

Stem Mastery

Memorize 'did' and 'bin' together. They are the keys to all 12+ Persian tenses for this verb.

The Power of Visiting

In Iran, 'seeing' someone is a social currency. Use 'didán' often to express your intent to visit friends.

Watch vs See

If you are staring at something for a long time, use 'tamâshâ'. If you just notice it, use 'didán'.

Fillers

Use 'bebin...' (Look...) at the start of a sentence when you want to explain something clearly.

The 'â' sound

The 'â' in 'didán' is deep like 'father', not flat like 'cat'.

Object Marker

Always check if your object needs 'râ'. 'Man film didam' (I saw a movie) vs 'Man film râ didam' (I saw the movie).

Compound Verbs

Learn 'khâb didán' (to dream) and 'âsib didán' (to be hurt) early on.

Fast Speech

In Tehran, 'mibinamet' might sound like 'mibinemet'. Don't be confused by the vowel shift.

Doubt

Use 'cheshmam âb nemikhorat' to sound like a native when you are skeptical.

Daily Sight

Every night, write one sentence about something you 'saw' that day.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Did' as in 'I DID see it' for the past. For the present, think of 'Bin' as in 'Binoculars' which you use to see.

视觉联想

Imagine a giant eye looking through a pair of BINoculars (present stem BIN) at something you already DID see (past stem DID).

Word Web

Eye Vision Visit Movie Dream Look Observe Watch

挑战

Try to use 'didán' in three different ways today: once for seeing an object, once for seeing a movie, and once for visiting a friend.

词源

Derived from Middle Persian 'dīdan', which comes from Old Persian 'dī-'. It shares the same Indo-European root as the Sanskrit 'dhyāti' (he meditates/looks) and is distantly related to the Greek 'thea' (sight/theater).

原始含义： To see, to perceive, to look at.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Western Iranian -> Persian.

文化背景

Avoid using 'did زدن' (did zadan) in formal settings as it can imply ogling or peeking inappropriately.

English speakers often use 'visit' for people and places, whereas Persian uses 'didán' for people but often 'raftan be' (going to) for places, though 'didán az' is used for sightseeing.

The poetry of Hafez often uses 'didar' (the act of seeing the beloved). Abbas Kiarostami's film 'Where is the Friend's Home?' focuses on the search and the act of looking/seeing. The Persian proverb: 'Shenidan key bovad mânande didan?' (When is hearing ever like seeing? / Seeing is believing).

在生活中练习

真实语境

Socializing

خوشحالم می‌بینمت
کی همدیگر را ببینیم؟
به دیدن ما بیا
خیلی وقت بود تو را ندیده بودم

Cinema/TV

این فیلم را دیده‌ای؟
باید این سریال را ببینی
دیشب چه فیلمی دیدی؟
بیا برویم سینما فیلم ببینیم

Travel

می‌خواهم از اصفهان دیدن کنم
جاهای دیدنی کجاست؟
موزه را دیدید؟
منظره زیبایی دیدیم

Health

باید دکتر تو را ببیند
چشمم خوب نمی‌بیند
آیا آسیب دیده‌ای؟
او تحت درمان (آموزش) دیده است

Dreams

خواب دیدم پرواز می‌کنم
چه خوابی دیدی؟
خواب‌های خوب ببینی
او همیشه خواب‌های عجیب می‌بیند

对话开场白

"آخرین فیلمی که دیدی چی بود؟ (What was the last movie you saw?)"

"آیا تا به حال ایران را دیده‌ای؟ (Have you ever seen Iran?)"

"دوست داری فردا همدیگر را ببینیم؟ (Would you like to see each other tomorrow?)"

"در خواب‌هایت معمولاً چه می‌بینی؟ (What do you usually see in your dreams?)"

"بهترین منظره‌ای که تا حالا دیدی کجا بوده؟ (Where was the best view you've ever seen?)"

日记主题

امروز چه چیز جالبی در خیابان دیدی؟ (What interesting thing did you see in the street today?)

درباره کسی که دوست داری به دیدنش بروی بنویس. (Write about someone you'd like to go see/visit.)

یک خواب عجیب که اخیراً دیدی را توصیف کن. (Describe a strange dream you saw recently.)

اگر می‌توانستی آینده را ببینی، چه چیزی را چک می‌کردی؟ (If you could see the future, what would you check?)

تفاوت بین 'دیدن' و 'نگاه کردن' از نظر تو چیست؟ (What is the difference between 'seeing' and 'looking' in your opinion?)

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, for movies (film didán), but for TV or sports, 'tamâshâ kardan' is more common. In general, 'didán' is acceptable for most visual entertainment.

You can say 'دوستم را می‌بینم' (I see my friend) or 'به دیدن دوستم می‌روم' (I go to the seeing of my friend).

The present stem is 'bin' (بین). This is used for present, future, and subjunctive tenses.

It is irregular because the past stem (did) and present stem (bin) are completely different.

Use 'râ' whenever the object you are seeing is specific or definite (e.g., 'the' book, 'Ali', 'this' cat).

In some contexts, like 'I see what you mean', but usually 'fahmidan' is used for understanding.

It refers to the Iranian tradition of reciprocal visiting, especially during the Nowruz holiday.

In Persian, you 'see' a dream: 'khâb didam' (I dreamed).

It is neutral/informal. To be more polite, use 'bebinid' (plural/formal).

Yes, but usually you say 'az [shahr] didán kardan' (to make a visit from the city).

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