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گرسنه

A1 adjective #2,000 最常用 6分钟阅读

گرسنه

gorosneh 前2,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 گرسنه 30秒了解

解析 گرسنه in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'gorsneh' is one of the first adjectives you learn to express a basic need. You use it in simple sentences like 'I am hungry' (Man gorsneh hastam) or 'Are you hungry?' (Gorsneh hasti?). The focus here is on the present tense and the connection with the verb 'to be'. You learn to recognize the word in daily life, such as when someone offers you food. It's about survival and basic communication. You don't need to worry about complex grammar; just knowing that 'gorsneh' means 'hungry' is enough to get your point across in a restaurant or a host's home. You might also learn the opposite, 'sir' (full/satisfied).

At the A2 level, you start using 'gorsneh' in the past tense ('I was hungry') and with simple conjunctions ('I was hungry, so I ate'). You begin to notice the colloquial form 'goshne' and might start using it in informal conversations. You also learn to use intensifiers like 'kheyli' (very) or 'vaghe'an' (really). You can describe a situation where you were hungry after an activity, like 'After the class, I was hungry'. You also start to understand the difference between 'gorsneh' and 'tashne' (thirsty) more clearly, avoiding the common beginner mix-up.

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At the B1 level, you use 'gorsneh' in more complex structures, such as conditional sentences ('If I don't eat now, I will be hungry later'). You understand the noun form 'gorsnegi' (hunger) and can discuss it in a general sense, like 'Hunger is a big problem'. You also start to use the verb 'shodan' (to become) more naturally, saying 'gorsne-am shod' (I got hungry). Your vocabulary expands to include related concepts like 'eshteha' (appetite) and you can explain why you are or aren't hungry using more varied vocabulary. You can participate in a conversation about food preferences and hunger levels during social events.

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At the B2 level, you can use 'gorsneh' metaphorically and in more formal contexts. You can talk about being 'hungry for success' or 'hungry for knowledge' (gorsne-ye danesh). You understand the social and political implications of the word, such as in discussions about 'gorsnegan-e jahan' (the hungry of the world). You can read news articles or watch documentaries where the word is used to describe famine or economic hardship. Your use of the colloquial 'goshne' is now seamless and you know exactly when to switch between the formal and informal registers depending on your audience.

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At the C1 level, you appreciate the nuances of 'gorsneh' in literature and poetry. You can analyze how a writer uses the concept of hunger to represent deeper human desires or social critiques. You are familiar with idiomatic expressions and proverbs involving hunger. You can use the word in academic or professional settings to describe market 'hunger' for a product or a 'hunger' for reform. Your command of the word includes its various derivations and its role in complex grammatical constructions, such as passive forms or literary inversions. You can discuss the philosophy of hunger in a nuanced way.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of 'gorsneh'. You can use it with absolute precision, capturing every subtle shade of meaning. You can engage in high-level debates about global hunger, using sophisticated vocabulary and structures. You understand the historical etymology of the word and its cognates in other Indo-European languages. You can write poetry or prose that utilizes 'gorsneh' as a powerful symbol. You are also aware of very rare or archaic synonyms and can interpret them in classical Persian texts. The word is no longer just a vocabulary item but a versatile tool in your linguistic arsenal.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

گرسنه 30秒了解

Gorsneh means hungry in Persian, used for physical hunger.
The colloquial form is 'goshne', very common in speech.
It can be used metaphorically for power, love, or knowledge.
Commonly paired with verbs 'budan' (to be) and 'shodan' (to become).

The word گرسنه (gorsneh) is a fundamental Persian adjective used primarily to describe the physical state of needing food. At its core, it represents the biological urge for sustenance, but its usage spans from simple daily complaints to profound literary metaphors about desire and lack. In the Persian linguistic landscape, understanding 'gorsneh' is the first step toward discussing basic needs, hospitality, and even social justice. It is one of the most essential words for any beginner, yet it carries nuances that even advanced learners must master to sound natural.

Literal Meaning: The state of having an empty stomach and requiring nourishment.
Grammatical Role: It functions as an adjective and can be used with linking verbs like 'budan' (to be) or 'shodan' (to become).

من خیلی گرسنه هستم، شام کی حاضر می‌شود؟ (I am very hungry, when will dinner be ready?)

In formal contexts, 'gorsneh' is the standard form. However, in the vibrant streets of Tehran or in casual family gatherings, you will almost always hear the colloquial version: گشنه (goshne). This phonetic shift is a classic example of Persian linguistic economy, where the 'r' sound is dropped for ease of speech. For a learner, recognizing both is crucial. If you say 'gorsneh' in a casual setting, you sound polite and slightly formal; if you say 'goshne', you sound like a local.

بچه‌ها بعد از بازی در پارک خیلی گرسنه شدند. (The children became very hungry after playing in the park.)

Metaphorical Use: Used to describe a deep craving for something non-physical, like 'hungry for power' (گرسنه قدرت).

او همیشه گرسنه یادگیری چیزهای جدید است. (He is always hungry to learn new things.)

Using 'gorsneh' correctly involves understanding its interaction with Persian verbs and its transformation in different registers. While it is an adjective, it often acts as the core of a predicate. The most common construction is [Subject] + [Gorsneh] + [Verb 'to be']. For example, 'Man gorsneh hastam' (I am hungry). In spoken Persian, this contracts to 'Man goshnam-e' (I'm hungry), where the '-e' at the end is a short form of 'hast'.

Intensifiers: Use 'kheyli' (very) or 'shadid' (intense) to emphasize the level of hunger. 'Kheyli gorsneh' is the most common.

واقعاً گرسنه هستی یا فقط هوس چیزی کردی؟ (Are you really hungry or do you just have a craving?)

Another important aspect is the 'Hungry for...' construction. In Persian, this is often expressed using the preposition 'baraye' (for) or simply by placing the noun after 'gorsneh'. For instance, 'gorsne-ye mohabbat' (hungry for affection). This shows the word's versatility beyond the kitchen. Furthermore, when describing a group, the plural form 'gorsnegan' is used in formal or literary contexts, often referring to the poor or the famished of the world.

ما نباید گرسنگان را فراموش کنیم. (We must not forget the hungry [people].)

Common Verbs: 1. Budan (to be) 2. Shodan (to become) 3. Mandan (to remain/stay hungry).

اگر دیر بیایی، گرسنه می‌مانی! (If you come late, you will stay hungry!)

The word 'gorsneh' is ubiquitous in Iranian life. You will hear it in the domestic sphere, where mothers ask their children 'Gorsne-yi?' (Are you hungry?) multiple times a day. It is also a staple of the hospitality industry. In restaurants, waiters might ask if you are 'very hungry' to suggest a larger platter. Beyond the physical, 'gorsneh' appears in news reports discussing global food security or economic hardships, where 'faqr' (poverty) and 'gorsnegi' (hunger) are frequently linked.

In the Home: Used to check on guests or family members. It's often followed by 'Befarma'id' (Please help yourself).

مادر پرسید: «کسی گرسنه نیست؟» (Mother asked, 'Is nobody hungry?')

In Persian literature and poetry, 'gorsneh' takes on a more symbolic role. Poets like Saadi or Rumi might use the image of a hungry person to represent a soul seeking divine truth or a beggar seeking mercy. In modern cinema, particularly the neo-realist films of the 90s, the struggle of the 'gorsnegan' (the hungry) was a central theme used to critique social inequality. Thus, the word carries a weight of empathy and social consciousness in the Iranian psyche.

در این فیلم، داستان مردی گرسنه را می‌بینیم که به دنبال کار است. (In this movie, we see the story of a hungry man looking for work.)

In the Media: Used in headlines about famine, drought, or economic crises affecting food prices.

میلیون‌ها نفر در جهان شب‌ها گرسنه می‌خوابند. (Millions of people in the world go to sleep hungry at night.)

One of the most frequent mistakes for English speakers learning Persian is confusing 'gorsneh' (hungry) with 'tashne' (thirsty). Because both describe physical needs, beginners often swap them. Another common error is the misuse of the verb. In English, we 'are' hungry, but in Persian, while you can 'be' hungry, it is very common to say you 'became' hungry (gorsne-am shod). Using only 'hastam' can sometimes sound slightly static or unnatural in a narrative context.

Confusing with Thirst: Gorsneh = Food; Tashne = Water. Remember: 'G' for 'Gaza' (Food - though spelled with Gh) and 'T' for 'Tashne'.

اشتباه: من آب می‌خواهم چون گرسنه هستم. (Mistake: I want water because I am hungry.)

Another nuance is the difference between 'gorsneh' and 'eshteha' (appetite). You might be 'gorsneh' but have no 'eshteha' due to illness. Learners often try to use 'gorsneh' to mean 'I want to eat' even when they aren't physically hungry. In such cases, saying 'meyl daram' (I have a desire/inclination) is more sophisticated. Also, avoid using 'gorsneh' to describe a 'hunger for success' in a very literal way unless you want to sound poetic; in business, 'tashne-ye movaffaghiat' (thirsty for success) is actually more common!

با اینکه گرسنه بودم، اصلاً اشتها نداشتم. (Even though I was hungry, I had no appetite at all.)

Word Order: In complex sentences, 'gorsneh' usually stays close to the verb. Putting it too early can break the flow.

Persian has several words related to hunger, each with its own flavor. The most direct synonym is the colloquial گشنه (goshne). While 'gorsneh' is the 'correct' dictionary form, 'goshne' is what you'll use 90% of the time in conversation. Then there is ناشتا (nashta), which specifically means 'on an empty stomach' or 'having not yet eaten breakfast'. You wouldn't say you are 'nashta' at 5 PM; that's only for the morning.

Gorsneh vs. Nashta: Gorsneh is the feeling; Nashta is the state of not having eaten yet today.

من هنوز ناشتا هستم و خیلی گرسنه‌ام. (I am still 'nashta' [haven't eaten breakfast] and I'm very hungry.)

For extreme hunger, Persians use the phrase از گرسنگی مردن (az gorsnegi mordan), which literally means 'to die of hunger' but is used just like the English 'I'm starving'. Another interesting word is جوع (ju'), an Arabic loanword used in very formal, medical, or religious texts to describe intense hunger or a 'hunger malady'. Finally, حریص (haris) means 'greedy' or 'voracious', often used when someone is 'hungry' for more than they need, whether it's food or money.

Comparison Table: 1. Gorsneh: Standard hungry. 2. Goshne: Casual hungry. 3. Haris: Greedy/Voracious. 4. Nashta: Fasting/Empty stomach (morning).

او نسبت به پول خیلی حریص است. (He is very greedy [hungry] for money.)

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Linking verbs (budan)

Inchoative verbs (shodan)

Adjective-Noun agreement

Colloquial contractions

Intensifiers

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按水平分级的例句

من گرسنه هستم.

I am hungry.

Subject + Adjective + Verb 'to be'.

آیا تو گرسنه هستی؟

Are you hungry?

Question form of 'to be'.

او گرسنه نیست.

He/She is not hungry.

Negative form 'nist'.

ما خیلی گرسنه هستیم.

We are very hungry.

Use of 'kheyli' as an intensifier.

گربه گرسنه است.

The cat is hungry.

Third person singular.

بچه‌ها گرسنه هستند.

The children are hungry.

Plural subject and verb.

من کمی گرسنه هستم.

I am a little hungry.

'Kami' means 'a little'.

سگ گرسنه گوشت می‌خورد.

The hungry dog eats meat.

Adjective preceding the noun (less common than predicate use).

دیروز خیلی گرسنه بودم.

I was very hungry yesterday.

Past tense of 'to be'.

بعد از ورزش گرسنه شدم.

I became hungry after exercise.

Use of 'shodan' (to become).

چرا گرسنه نیستی؟

Why aren't you hungry?

Question with 'chera' (why).

او گرسنه بود ولی چیزی نخورد.

He was hungry but didn't eat anything.

Use of 'vali' (but).

من همیشه بعد از مدرسه گرسنه می‌شوم.

I always get hungry after school.

Habitual action in the present.

آن‌ها گرسنه به خانه رسیدند.

They arrived home hungry.

Adjective describing the state of the subject.

اگر گرسنه هستی، سیب بخور.

If you are hungry, eat an apple.

Simple conditional 'agar'.

او اصلاً گرسنه نبود.

He wasn't hungry at all.

'Aslan' means 'at all' with a negative verb.

اگر صبحانه نخوری، زود گرسنه می‌شوی.

If you don't eat breakfast, you will get hungry soon.

Conditional type 1.

فکر می‌کردم گرسنه هستی، برای همین پیتزا خریدم.

I thought you were hungry, that's why I bought pizza.

Past continuous thought.

وقتی گرسنه می‌شوم، عصبانی می‌شوم.

When I get hungry, I get angry.

Temporal clause with 'vaghti'.

او آنقدر گرسنه بود که تمام غذا را خورد.

He was so hungry that he ate all the food.

'Anghadr... ke' (so... that) construction.

گرسنگی در این منطقه بیداد می‌کند.

Hunger is rampant in this region.

Noun form 'gorsnegi'.

او با شکم گرسنه به رختخواب رفت.

He went to bed with an empty stomach.

Idiomatic 'shekam-e gorsneh'.

نباید اجازه دهیم کسی گرسنه بماند.

We shouldn't let anyone stay hungry.

Modal 'nabayad' + 'ejaze dadan'.

آیا هنوز هم گرسنه هستی یا سیر شدی؟

Are you still hungry or are you full?

Contrast between 'gorsneh' and 'sir'.

او گرسنه قدرت است و برای رسیدن به آن هر کاری می‌کند.

He is hungry for power and does anything to achieve it.

Metaphorical use.

بسیاری از مردم به دلیل جنگ گرسنه مانده‌اند.

Many people have remained hungry due to the war.

Cause and effect with 'be dalil-e'.

این نویسنده گرسنه توجه و تحسین است.

This writer is hungry for attention and praise.

Abstract hunger.

او با وجود اینکه گرسنه بود، غذایش را به فقیر داد.

Despite being hungry, he gave his food to the poor man.

'Ba vojud-e inke' (despite the fact that).

گرسنگی شدید باعث شد او بیمار شود.

Severe hunger caused him to become ill.

Noun as a subject causing an action.

در آن سال‌ها، نیمی از جمعیت گرسنه بودند.

In those years, half of the population was hungry.

Historical narrative.

او همیشه گرسنه یادگیری دانش‌های جدید است.

He is always hungry to learn new knowledge.

Positive metaphorical use.

گرسنگی را نمی‌توان با کلمات توصیف کرد.

Hunger cannot be described with words.

Passive potential 'nemishavad/nemitevan'.

روح او گرسنه حقیقتی بود که در کتاب‌ها نمی‌یافت.

His soul was hungry for a truth he couldn't find in books.

Literary/Poetic register.

سیاست‌های غلط اقتصادی، توده‌ها را گرسنه رها کرده است.

Wrong economic policies have left the masses hungry.

Political/Formal register.

او با نگاهی گرسنه به ویترین مغازه خیره شده بود.

He was staring at the shop window with a hungry look.

Descriptive adverbial use.

گرسنگی، محرک بسیاری از انقلاب‌های تاریخی بوده است.

Hunger has been the catalyst for many historical revolutions.

Sociological analysis.

او گرسنه انتقام بود و سال‌ها صبر کرد.

He was hungry for revenge and waited for years.

Intense emotional metaphor.

هنرمند واقعی همیشه گرسنه خلق کردن است.

A true artist is always hungry to create.

Existential hunger.

گرسنگان را نباید با وعده‌های توخالی فریب داد.

The hungry should not be deceived with empty promises.

Plural noun 'gorsnegan'.

او از گرسنگی به تنگ آمده بود و دیگر تحمل نداشت.

He was fed up with hunger and couldn't bear it anymore.

Idiom 'be tang amadan' (to be fed up).

در مثنوی، گرسنگی نمادی از نیاز انسان به معنویت است.

In the Masnavi, hunger is a symbol of man's need for spirituality.

Literary criticism.

فلسفه روزه، درک حال گرسنگان و تزکیه نفس است.

The philosophy of fasting is to understand the state of the hungry and self-purification.

Religious/Philosophical discourse.

او با ولعی گرسنه، تمام تجربیات جدید را می‌بلعید.

With a hungry craving, he swallowed all new experiences.

Advanced metaphorical verb 'bal'idan' (to swallow).

گرسنگی مفرط می‌تواند منجر به فروپاشی اخلاقی شود.

Extreme hunger can lead to moral collapse.

Academic hypothesis.

او در جستجوی نان، گرسنه در بیابان‌های تنهایی سرگردان بود.

In search of bread, he wandered hungry in the deserts of loneliness.

High poetic style.

گرسنگی، زبانی مشترک میان تمام موجودات زنده است.

Hunger is a common language among all living beings.

Universal statement.

او گرسنه عدالتی بود که در جامعه‌اش نایاب شده بود.

He was hungry for a justice that had become scarce in his society.

Social commentary.

چشمان گرسنه او، حکایت از سال‌ها محرومیت داشت.

His hungry eyes told a story of years of deprivation.

Personification/Metonymy.

近义词

بی‌غذا شکم‌خالی گرسنگی‌کشیده اشتها‌مند محتاجِ غذا

反义词

سیر سرحال آشامیده آشامیدگی آشامان

常见搭配

خیلی گرسنه

گرسنه شدن

گرسنه ماندن

شکم گرسنه

گرسنه قدرت

گرسنه محبت

گرسنه خوابیدن

احساس گرسنگی

رفع گرسنگی

گرسنه و تشنه

常用短语

گرسنه هستم

گرسنه شدی؟

از گرسنگی مردن

با شکم گرسنه

گرسنه ماندن

گرسنه و خسته

گرسنه چشم

گرسنه به دنیا آمدن

گرسنه نگاه کردن

گرسنه بودن

容易混淆的词

گرسنه vs تشنه (thirsty)

گرسنه vs خسته (tired)

گرسنه vs گارسون (waiter)

习语与表达

"گرسنه چشم (Greedy/Never satisfied)"

"از گرسنگی مردن (To be starving)"

"شکم گرسنه دین و ایمان ندارد (A hungry stomach has no religion/faith)"

"آدم گرسنه خواب نان سنگک می‌بیند (A hungry person dreams of bread)"

"گرسنه را نان ده و تشنه را آب (Give bread to the hungry and water to the thirsty)"

"سیر از گرسنه خبر ندارد (The full person doesn't know about the hungry one)"

"گرسنگی نکشیدی که عاشقی یادت برود (You haven't experienced real hunger to forget about love)"

"با شکم گرسنه نمی‌شود جنگید (You can't fight on an empty stomach)"

"گرسنگی کشیدن (To suffer from hunger)"

"چشمش گرسنه است (He is greedy for more)"

容易混淆

گرسنه vs تشنه

گرسنه vs گارسون

گرسنه vs ناشتا

گرسنه vs حریص

گرسنه vs سیر

句型

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如何使用

negation

Use 'nistam' for 'I am not'.

colloquial

Goshne is the standard spoken form.

metaphorical

Used for non-food desires.

常见错误

Using 'tashne' for food.
Saying 'man gorsneh hastam' in a very casual setting (sounds too formal).
Forgetting the silent 'h' in writing.
Using 'gorsneh' as a verb.
Confusing 'gorsneh' with 'goshne' in formal writing.

小贴士

Verb Pairing

Pair with 'shodan' for the process of becoming hungry.

Spoken Form

Use 'goshne' to sound more like a native speaker.

Hospitality

Iranians will always offer food if you mention you are hungry.

Antonym

Learn 'sir' (full) alongside 'gorsneh' to complete the concept.

Spelling

The 'h' at the end of 'gorsneh' is a silent 'e' sound.

Context

Hunger is a common topic in Iranian family movies.

Memory

Gorsneh starts with G, like 'Gaza' (food).

Metaphor

Use it for 'hungry for power' in political discussions.

Empathy

Use 'gorsnegan' when talking about social issues.

Daily Use

Try saying 'gorsne-am' next time you want lunch.

记住它

词源

Middle Persian (Pahlavi)

文化背景

Hunger is a spiritual tool for empathy.

Many Persian proverbs use hunger to teach moral lessons.

Admitting hunger is a signal for the host to provide food.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"آیا گرسنه هستی؟"

"کجا برویم غذا بخوریم؟ من خیلی گرسنه‌ام."

"غذای مورد علاقه‌ات وقتی گرسنه هستی چیست؟"

"آخرین باری که خیلی گرسنه بودی کی بود؟"

"اگر گرسنه بمانی، اخلاقت بد می‌شود؟"

日记主题

Describe a time you were extremely hungry.

Write about a meal that tasted amazing because you were hungry.

How does hunger affect your productivity?

Write a short story about a hungry cat.

Discuss the problem of world hunger in simple Persian.

常见问题

10 个问题

Gorsneh is formal and written, while goshne is the colloquial spoken version used in daily life.

You can say 'Daram az gorsnegi mimiram' which literally means 'I am dying of hunger'.

No, for thirst you must use 'tashne'.

Yes, it can be used for any living being that needs food.

The opposite is 'sir', which means full or satisfied.

You say 'gorsne-ye danesh'.

Yes, it is a neutral and polite word to express a need.

You can say 'Goshne-yi?'

It is the noun form meaning 'hunger'.

No, it is an adjective, but 'gorsnegan' acts as a collective noun for 'the hungry'.

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