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جویدنی

B1 adjective 10分钟阅读

جویدنی

javidani

开始练习例句笔记与提示 جویدنی 30秒了解

解析 جویدنی in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'javidani' describes a type of food. Think of it like the word 'chewy' for candy. You might hear it in a simple sentence like 'This candy is chewy.' You don't need to worry about the grammar yet, just recognize that it's a word used for things you eat. Focus on the connection between 'chewing' and this word. If you see a picture of someone chewing gum, that's the perfect time to use this word. It's a basic descriptive word for snacks and simple medicines like Vitamin C tablets that you don't swallow with water.

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For A2 learners, 'javidani' becomes more useful when describing food textures. You can start using it with the Ezafe (the '-e' sound). For example, 'shokolat-e javidani' (chewy chocolate). You should also know that it comes from the verb 'javidan' (to chew). This helps you see how Persian words are built. At this level, you can use it to talk about your preferences, like 'I like chewy cookies' or 'I don't like chewy meat.' You will also start seeing it on medicine bottles, so it's a practical word for health and shopping.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'javidani' in various contexts, including medical and culinary. You understand that the '-i' suffix creates an adjective of potential. You can distinguish between 'javidani' (chewy) and 'seft' (hard) or 'narm' (soft). You might use it in a restaurant to describe the texture of a dish or at a pharmacy to ask for a specific type of tablet. You are also starting to recognize the word in advertisements or on product packaging where it highlights a desirable texture in snacks or candies. Your sentences are becoming more complex, like 'I bought these vitamins because they are chewable and taste like orange.'

B2 learners should understand the nuance of 'javidani' compared to more colloquial or technical terms. You know that while 'javidani' is neutral, words like 'lastiki' (rubbery) carry a negative connotation. You can use 'javidani' to describe complex textures in food reviews or discussions about cooking techniques. You also understand its use in the pet industry (chew toys). You can handle comparative forms like 'javidanitar' (chewier) and use the word in more abstract discussions about physical properties of materials. You are aware of the common mistake of confusing it with 'javidan' (eternal) and can avoid it easily.

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At the C1 level, you can use 'javidani' with precision in professional or academic contexts. This includes discussing the 'masticability' of food products in a scientific way or using the word in literary descriptions where texture is used to create atmosphere. You understand the historical and grammatical roots of the word deeply. You can explain the difference between 'ghabel-e javidan' (formal) and 'javidani' (standard). You might use the word in a metaphorical sense, although rare, to describe a 'dense' or 'meaty' piece of writing that requires 'chewing over'. Your vocabulary is rich enough to use this word as just one of many options for describing tactile experiences.

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For C2 speakers, 'javidani' is a simple tool used with absolute mastery. you can appreciate the word's place in the evolution of the Persian language from Middle Persian roots. You can use it in highly specialized fields like pharmacology or food engineering to describe specific product requirements. You can also play with the word in puns or advanced wordplay, perhaps contrasting it with its 'eternal' homophone (javidan) for poetic effect. At this level, the word is part of a seamless flow of language where you choose the exact right term for texture without a second thought, whether in a high-level medical lecture or a nuanced culinary critique.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

جویدنی 30秒了解

Derived from the Persian verb 'javidan' meaning 'to chew'.
Primarily used for food textures like gummies or tough meat.
Commonly used in medical contexts for chewable tablets.
Indicates a texture that is elastic and requires jaw effort.

The Persian word جویدنی (pronounced as 'javidani') is a versatile adjective that primarily describes the physical quality of something that requires or is suitable for chewing. At its core, it is derived from the infinitive verb جویدن (javidan), which means 'to chew'. By adding the suffix '-i', the word transforms into an adjective of potentiality or characteristic, much like the English suffix '-able' or '-y'. In the context of Persian cuisine and daily life, this word is essential for describing textures that range from the pleasantly elastic to the frustratingly tough.

Culinary Context: When discussing food, جویدنی is used to describe items like gummy candies, certain types of bread, or meat that hasn't been cooked until it is tender. It implies a resistance to the teeth that requires active effort to break down.

این تافی بسیار نرم و جویدنی است و به دندان نمی‌چسبد.
Translation: This taffy is very soft and chewy and does not stick to the teeth.

Medical Context: In a pharmaceutical setting, you will frequently encounter this word on medicine packaging. A قرص جویدنی is a chewable tablet, designed for those who have difficulty swallowing pills or for medications that need to be broken down in the mouth for better absorption.

Beyond the physical, the word can occasionally be used in more abstract or metaphorical senses, though this is less common than its literal application. For instance, one might describe a piece of information or a complex idea as something 'chewable'—meaning it requires mental effort to process—although Persian speakers more often use other terms for 'food for thought'. However, in the realm of pet products, اسباب‌بازی جویدنی (chew toy) is the standard term used by veterinarians and pet owners alike. Understanding this word helps a learner navigate menus, pharmacy aisles, and toy stores with ease, providing a specific vocabulary for tactile sensations that 'soft' or 'hard' simply cannot capture.

بسیاری از کودکان ترجیح می‌دهند ویتامین‌های خود را به صورت جویدنی مصرف کنند.
Translation: Many children prefer to consume their vitamins in chewable form.

Grammatical Structure: The suffix -i attached to the past stem javidan creates a 'gerundive' adjective. This pattern is common in Persian for words like خوردنی (khordani - edible) or دیدنی (didani - worth seeing).

Using جویدنی correctly requires an understanding of its role as an adjective that usually follows the noun it modifies via the Ezafe construction. It describes a state or a requirement of the object. Whether you are at a dinner party or a clinic, the placement and inflection remain consistent with standard Persian grammar rules for adjectives.

The Ezafe Connection: In phrases like شکلاتِ جویدنی (shokolat-e javidani), the 'e' sound links the noun to the adjective. This is the most common way to use the word to specify a type of product.

من همیشه برای سگم استخوان‌های جویدنی می‌خرم تا دندان‌هایش تمیز بماند.
Translation: I always buy chewable bones for my dog so that its teeth stay clean.

You can also use جویدنی as a predicate adjective following the verb 'to be' (بودن). This is useful when you are describing the quality of something you are currently experiencing. For example, if you are eating a piece of steak that is particularly tough, you might remark on its 'chewiness'.

این نان سنتی کمی جویدنی است اما طعم بسیار خوبی دارد.
Translation: This traditional bread is a bit chewy, but it has a very good taste.

Comparative and Superlative: Like most Persian adjectives, you can add -tar for comparative and -tarin for superlative forms. جویدنی‌تر (chewier) and جویدنی‌ترین (chewiest) are used when comparing the textures of different foods or brands of candy.

When instructing someone, especially a child or a patient, the word becomes part of an imperative context. A doctor might say, این قرص را نبلعید، این یک قرص جویدنی است (Do not swallow this pill; it is a chewable pill). Here, the word clarifies the method of consumption. In literature, though rare, it might describe the 'chewy' texture of a thick fog or a heavy atmosphere, though this is a highly creative and non-standard use.

پاستیل‌های جویدنی با طعم میوه محبوب‌ترین تنقلات در این فروشگاه هستند.
Translation: Chewy fruit-flavored gummies are the most popular snacks in this store.

Professional Usage: In food science or culinary reviews in Persian, جویدنی is the technical term for 'masticable'. It is used to describe the results of texture profile analysis in food laboratories.

In the daily life of a Persian speaker, جویدنی is a word that pops up in specific but frequent environments. It is not a word you would use to describe your feelings or the weather, but it is indispensable in the kitchen, the pharmacy, and the pet store. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word when it is spoken at a natural pace.

At the Pharmacy (Darookhaneh): This is perhaps the most common place to hear the word. Pharmacists will emphasize if a medication is جویدنی to ensure the patient doesn't swallow it whole. You will see it printed in bold on boxes of Vitamin C or antacids.

ببخشید، آیا این قرص کلسیم جویدنی است یا باید با آب خورده شود؟
Translation: Excuse me, is this calcium pill chewable or should it be taken with water?

In the context of Iranian households, you will hear parents using this word with children. Whether it is cautioning them about a piece of meat that might be too جویدنی for their small teeth or offering them a پاستیل جویدنی (chewy gummy) as a reward, the word is part of the vocabulary of care and feeding. In the kitchen, a cook might complain that the meat in the stew (Khoresht) is still جویدنی, meaning it needs more time to simmer until it becomes 'soft' (narm) and 'tender' (latif).

گوشت هنوز کمی جویدنی است، بگذار نیم ساعت دیگر بپزد.
Translation: The meat is still a bit chewy; let it cook for another half hour.

Pet Care and Shops: Pet owners in Iran use this word frequently when buying treats. 'Chew sticks' or 'dental chews' are all categorized under خوراکی‌های جویدنی. It denotes a product designed to withstand the biting force of an animal.

On television, particularly in cooking shows or commercials for snacks, جویدنی is used as a sensory selling point. Advertisements for 'Gaz' (a famous Persian nougat) or 'Sohan' might mention the 'chewy' texture as a sign of freshness and quality. In these instances, the word carries a connotation of satisfaction and traditional texture.

این شکلات‌های جویدنی با مغز پسته، تجربه‌ای متفاوت از شیرینی هستند.
Translation: These chewy chocolates with pistachio centers are a different experience of sweets.

Social Gatherings: At a dinner party, if someone serves a dish where the texture is prominent—like a crusty Tahdig or a thick noodle soup (Ash)—guests might use this word to compliment the 'bite' or texture of the food.

Learning to use جویدنی involves avoiding several common pitfalls that English speakers often fall into. Because the word is derived from a verb, it is easy to confuse its grammatical form or to use it in contexts where a different Persian word for 'tough' or 'hard' would be more appropriate.

Mistake 1: Confusing with 'Hard' (Seft): Beginners often use سفت (seft) when they mean chewy. While 'seft' means hard or firm, جویدنی specifically implies that the object can be compressed and masticated. An old piece of bread might be 'seft' (hard like a rock), but a fresh piece of Sangak bread is 'javidani' (chewy and elastic).

Incorrect: این پاستیل خیلی سفت است. (Unless it is literally rock hard).
Correct: این پاستیل خیلی جویدنی است.

Another frequent error is using the verb form جویدن instead of the adjective. Remember that جویدنی is a description. If you say 'in ghors javidan ast', you are saying 'this pill is chewing', which makes no sense. You must use the adjective form to indicate the pill is *meant* to be chewed.

Mistake 2: The 'Javidan' Confusion: There is a very common Persian word جاودان (javidan) which means 'eternal' or 'immortal'. Although they sound somewhat similar to an untrained ear, they are spelled differently and have completely unrelated roots. Confusing 'chewy' with 'eternal' can lead to some very poetic but confusing sentences about your dinner!

English speakers also tend to use 'javidani' for things that are simply 'difficult to swallow'. In Persian, if food is difficult to swallow because it is dry, you use خشک (khoshk). If it is difficult because it is thick, you use غلیظ (ghaliz). جویدنی is strictly about the mechanical action of the jaw.

Incorrect: این سوپ خیلی جویدنی است. (Soup is liquid; it can't be chewy).
Correct: این سوپ خیلی غلیظ است.

Mistake 3: Overusing it for 'Tough' Meat: While you can use it for meat, Persians often prefer the word دیرپز (dir-paz - slow-cooking/tough) or simply سفت (seft) to describe meat that hasn't softened. Using جویدنی might make it sound like the meat is a gummy snack.

To truly master the description of textures in Persian, you need to know where جویدنی sits in relation to its synonyms and antonyms. This word occupies a middle ground between 'soft' and 'hard', focusing on the resistance and elasticity of the material.

Comparison: جویدنی vs. لاستیکی (Lastiki): جویدنی is often neutral or positive, describing a desired texture (like a gummy or fresh bread). لاستیکی (rubbery) is almost always negative, describing meat or bread that has become unpleasantly tough and bouncy, like chewing on a tire.

این کباب اصلاً جویدنی نیست، بلکه مثل پنبه نرم است.
Translation: This kebab is not chewy at all; rather, it is soft like cotton.

Another related word is نرم (narm), which means 'soft'. While something chewy must be somewhat soft to be chewed, 'narm' implies a lack of resistance. Mashed potatoes are 'narm', but they are not 'javidani'. Conversely, ترد (tord) means 'crispy' or 'crunchy'. A cracker is 'tord', but once it gets stale and loses its crunch, it might become 'javidani'.

Comparison: جویدنی vs. سفت (Seft): سفت refers to hardness or firmness. A diamond is 'seft'. You cannot chew it. جویدنی requires the possibility of the teeth sinking in. If a steak is so 'seft' that you can't even bite through it, it has moved past being 'javidani'.

In the world of sweets, you might encounter کشسان (kashsan), which means 'elastic' or 'stretchy'. This is more technical and used for things like cheese on a pizza or certain types of taffy. While all 'kashsan' foods are likely 'javidani', not all 'javidani' foods (like a chewable vitamin) are 'kashsan'. Finally, قابل جویدن (ghabel-e javidan) is a more formal, multi-word alternative that literally translates to 'capable of being chewed'. You might see this in formal scientific reports.

بافت این دسر ترکیبی از قسمت‌های ترد و جویدنی است.
Translation: The texture of this dessert is a combination of crunchy and chewy parts.

Summary of Nuance: Use جویدنی for: Pills, gummies, fresh crusty bread, properly cooked jerky. Use alternatives for: Rocks (seft), mashed food (narm), potato chips (tord), or overcooked steak (lastiki).

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word is part of a productive grammatical pattern in Persian where adding '-i' to a past stem creates a word meaning 'worthy of' or 'able to be' the action.

发音指南

UK /dʒævɪdæˈniː/

US /dʒævɪdæˈniː/

The stress is on the final syllable: ja-vi-da-NI.

押韵词

خوردنی (Khordani) دیدنی (Didani) خواندنی (Khandani) ماندنی (Mandani) پوشیدنی (Pooshidani) نوشیدنی (Nooshidani) بوییدنی (Booyidani) شنیدنی (Shenidani)

常见错误

Pronouncing it like 'Javidan' (eternal) by adding an 'a' after the first 'j'.
Missing the 'i' sound in the middle (saying 'javdani' instead of 'javidani').
Putting the stress on the first syllable.
Confusing the 'v' sound with a 'w' sound.
Pronouncing the final 'i' too short.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Easy to read once you know the root 'javidan'.

写作 4/5

Requires correct spelling of the 'j' and 'v' sounds.

口语 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward but stress must be correct.

听力 4/5

Can be confused with 'javidan' (eternal) in fast speech.

接下来学什么

前置知识

جویدن (To chew) خوردن (To eat) نرم (Soft) سفت (Hard) غذا (Food)

接下来学习

ترد (Crunchy) لذیذ (Delicious) هضم کردن (To digest) بلعیدن (To swallow) بافت (Texture)

高级

مضغ (Mastication) الاستیسیته (Elasticity) قوام (Consistency) دیرپز (Slow-cooking) خاییدن (To gnaw/chew - archaic)

需要掌握的语法

The '-i' Suffix for Potentiality

خوردن (eat) -> خوردنی (edible); جویدن (chew) -> جویدنی (chewable).

Adjective-Noun Agreement (Ezafe)

قرصِ جویدنی (The chewable pill).

Comparative Adjectives

این تافی جویدنی‌تر از آن یکی است.

Superlative Adjectives

این جویدنی‌ترین پاستیلی است که خورده‌ام.

Predicate Adjectives with 'Budan'

این نان جویدنی است.

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按水平分级的例句

این شکلات جویدنی است.

This chocolate is chewy.

Simple adjective following the subject.

پاستیل جویدنی است.

Gummy candy is chewy.

General statement about an object.

من قرص جویدنی دارم.

I have a chewable pill.

Adjective modifying a noun in the object position.

آیا این نان جویدنی است؟

Is this bread chewy?

Question form using the adjective.

این تافی خیلی جویدنی است.

This taffy is very chewy.

Using 'kheyli' (very) to intensify the adjective.

سگ من اسباب‌بازی جویدنی دارد.

My dog has a chew toy.

Compound noun phrase.

بچه‌ها پاستیل جویدنی دوست دارند.

Children like chewy gummies.

Plural subject with an adjective-noun pair.

این میوه خشک جویدنی است.

This dried fruit is chewy.

Describing the texture of dried food.

من شکلات‌های جویدنی را به شکلات‌های سفت ترجیح می‌دهم.

I prefer chewy chocolates to hard chocolates.

Comparing two types of textures using 'be' (to).

دکتر گفت این قرص‌ها جویدنی هستند.

The doctor said these pills are chewable.

Reported speech with a plural adjective.

نان سنگک تازه کمی جویدنی و خوشمزه است.

Fresh Sangak bread is a bit chewy and delicious.

Using two adjectives to describe a noun.

برای سگت یک استخوان جویدنی بخر.

Buy a chewable bone for your dog.

Imperative sentence with a modified noun.

این گوشت خیلی جویدنی است، بیشتر بپز.

This meat is very chewy, cook it more.

Describing meat texture as a reason for an action.

ویتامین ث جویدنی برای بچه‌ها خوب است.

Chewable Vitamin C is good for kids.

Subject phrase with an adjective.

آیا تافی‌های شما نرم و جویدنی هستند؟

Are your taffies soft and chewy?

Asking about multiple qualities.

من از بافت جویدنی این شیرینی خوشم می‌آید.

I like the chewy texture of this sweet.

Using 'baft' (texture) with the adjective.

داروساز توضیح داد که این داروی جدید فقط به صورت جویدنی موجود است.

The pharmacist explained that this new medicine is only available in chewable form.

Formal explanation using 'be soorat-e' (in the form of).

اگر گوشت را درست مرینیت نکنید، بعد از پخت جویدنی و سفت می‌شود.

If you don't marinate the meat correctly, it becomes chewy and tough after cooking.

Conditional sentence describing a result.

بافت جویدنی 'گز' اصفهان یکی از ویژگی‌های اصلی آن است.

The chewy texture of Isfahan's 'Gaz' is one of its main features.

Describing a specific cultural item.

او به دنبال یک میان‌وعده سالم اما جویدنی می‌گشت تا گرسنگی‌اش برطرف شود.

He was looking for a healthy but chewy snack to satisfy his hunger.

Using 'ama' (but) to link contrasting ideas.

این اسباب‌بازی‌های جویدنی به کاهش استرس در سگ‌های خانگی کمک می‌کنند.

These chew toys help reduce stress in pet dogs.

Describing the function of an object.

برخی از قرص‌های جویدنی باعث ایجاد حس بدی در دهان می‌شوند.

Some chewable pills cause a bad sensation in the mouth.

Discussing side effects or sensations.

تافی‌های قدیمی معمولاً بیش از حد جویدنی و چسبناک بودند.

Old-fashioned taffies were usually excessively chewy and sticky.

Past tense description with adverbs.

من ترجیح می‌دهم میوه‌های خشک جویدنی را در ماست بریزم.

I prefer to put chewy dried fruits in yogurt.

Complex preference sentence.

در صنایع غذایی، ایجاد یک بافت جویدنی مطلوب نیازمند کنترل دقیق دما است.

In the food industry, creating a desirable chewy texture requires precise temperature control.

Technical/Professional sentence structure.

برخلاف قرص‌های معمولی، نوع جویدنی سریع‌تر جذب جریان خون می‌شود.

Unlike regular pills, the chewable type is absorbed into the bloodstream faster.

Comparison between categories using 'barkhalaf-e' (unlike).

بافت این نان به دلیل استفاده از آرد کامل، بسیار جویدنی و متراکم شده است.

The texture of this bread has become very chewy and dense due to the use of whole-wheat flour.

Explaining cause and effect regarding texture.

بسیاری از مکمل‌های غذایی برای سالمندانی که مشکل بلع دارند، به صورت جویدنی تولید می‌شوند.

Many nutritional supplements are produced in chewable form for seniors who have swallowing problems.

Discussing specific demographic needs.

اگر پاستیل‌ها را در محیط سرد قرار دهید، بیش از حد جویدنی و سفت می‌شوند.

If you place gummies in a cold environment, they become excessively chewy and hard.

Scientific observation of physical changes.

او با دقت به دنبال یک استخوان جویدنی بود که برای لثه‌های توله‌سگش مناسب باشد.

He was carefully looking for a chewable bone that would be suitable for his puppy's gums.

Relative clause describing suitability.

این تافی‌ها به گونه‌ای طراحی شده‌اند که بافت جویدنی خود را برای مدت طولانی حفظ کنند.

These taffies are designed in a way to maintain their chewy texture for a long time.

Passive construction 'tarahi shode-and' (are designed).

من فکر می‌کنم این کباب به اندازه کافی پخته نشده چون هنوز خیلی جویدنی است.

I think this kebab isn't cooked enough because it's still very chewy.

Reasoning based on texture.

تحقیقات نشان می‌دهد که مصرف ویتامین‌های جویدنی می‌تواند سلامت دندان‌ها را در صورت وجود قند به خطر بیندازد.

Research shows that consuming chewable vitamins can jeopardize dental health if sugar is present.

Complex academic sentence with multiple clauses.

نویسنده در این داستان، فضای سنگین و مه‌آلود شهر را به بافتی جویدنی تشبیه کرده است.

In this story, the author has likened the heavy and foggy atmosphere of the city to a chewy texture.

Literary analysis and metaphor.

فرمولاسیون جدید این دارو شامل یک پایه جویدنی است که طعم تلخ آن را می‌پوشاند.

The new formulation of this drug includes a chewable base that masks its bitter taste.

Technical pharmaceutical description.

در این نقد ادبی، او استعاره‌های متن را 'جویدنی' توصیف کرد، به این معنا که نیاز به تامل زیاد دارند.

In this literary critique, he described the text's metaphors as 'chewy', meaning they require much reflection.

Using the word in an abstract/metaphorical sense.

بهینه‌سازی خواص جویدنی در پلیمرهای خوراکی یک چالش بزرگ در مهندسی مواد غذایی است.

Optimizing chewy properties in edible polymers is a major challenge in food engineering.

High-level scientific subject matter.

این نوع خاص از صمغ گیاهی، پس از فرآوری به یک ماده کاملاً جویدنی و الاستیک تبدیل می‌شود.

This specific type of plant resin turns into a completely chewable and elastic substance after processing.

Describing chemical transformation.

عدم تعادل در میزان گلوکز می‌تواند باعث شود که بافت شیرینی بیش از حد جویدنی و ناخوشایند گردد.

An imbalance in the amount of glucose can cause the pastry's texture to become excessively chewy and unpleasant.

Formal cause-effect structure.

بسیاری از منتقدان غذا معتقدند که جذابیت اصلی این دسر در تضاد بین لایه‌های ترد و هسته جویدنی آن است.

Many food critics believe the main appeal of this dessert lies in the contrast between the crunchy layers and its chewy core.

Reporting professional opinions.

واکاوی ریشه‌شناختی واژه 'جویدنی' ما را به بن‌مایه‌های هندواروپایی مرتبط با عمل خاییدن رهنمون می‌سازد.

An etymological analysis of the word 'javidani' guides us to Indo-European roots related to the act of chewing.

Highly formal/archaic vocabulary and syntax.

در متون طب سنتی، مصرف برخی ریشه‌های جویدنی برای تقویت لثه و بهبود گوارش توصیه شده است.

In traditional medicine texts, the consumption of certain chewable roots is recommended for strengthening gums and improving digestion.

Contextualizing in historical medical literature.

پیچیدگی‌های ساختاری پروتئین در گوشت‌های دیرپز، حالتی جویدنی ایجاد می‌کند که تنها با آنزیم‌های خاص قابل تعدیل است.

Structural protein complexities in tough meats create a chewy state that is only modifiable with specific enzymes.

Advanced biochemical description.

او در رساله‌ی خود، لذت‌های حسی را به دو دسته‌ی گذرا و 'جویدنی' تقسیم کرد که دومی استعاره‌ای از تجربیات ماندگار است.

In his treatise, he divided sensory pleasures into transient and 'chewy' categories, the latter being a metaphor for lasting experiences.

Philosophical categorization and metaphor.

تولید انبوه پاستیل‌های جویدنی بدون استفاده از ژلاتین حیوانی، انقلابی در صنایع غذایی حلال و گیاهی ایجاد کرده است.

Mass production of chewable gummies without using animal gelatin has created a revolution in the halal and vegan food industries.

Discussing industry-wide impacts.

تغییرات فیزیکوشیمیایی در نشاسته طی فرآیند بیات شدن، نان را از حالتی ترد به بافتی جویدنی و سپس سفت بدل می‌کند.

Physicochemical changes in starch during the staling process transform bread from a crunchy state to a chewy texture and then to hardness.

Scientific process description.

در گویش‌های محلی، گاه واژگانی با بار معنایی مشابه 'جویدنی' برای توصیف سرسختی شخصیت‌های داستانی به کار می‌رود.

In local dialects, words with a semantic load similar to 'chewy' are sometimes used to describe the stubbornness of fictional characters.

Linguistic and cultural observation.

صنعت داروسازی نوین بر ارتقای زیست‌فراهمی مواد موثره در قالب سیستم‌های انتقال جویدنی متمرکز شده است.

The modern pharmaceutical industry is focused on enhancing the bioavailability of active ingredients in the form of chewable delivery systems.

Technical jargon and complex noun phrases.

常见搭配

قرص جویدنی

بافت جویدنی

پاستیل جویدنی

اسباب‌بازی جویدنی

شکلات جویدنی

استخوان جویدنی

ماده جویدنی

ویتامین جویدنی

تافی جویدنی

خوراکی جویدنی

常用短语

حالت جویدنی داشتن

— To have a chewy state or texture.

این کلوچه حالت جویدنی دارد.

بیش از حد جویدنی

— Excessively chewy (often negative).

گوشت بیش از حد جویدنی بود.

به صورت جویدنی

— In a chewable form.

دارو را به صورت جویدنی مصرف کنید.

نرم و جویدنی

— Soft and chewy (positive).

نان تازه، نرم و جویدنی است.

سفت و جویدنی

— Hard and chewy (can be negative).

این شکلات سفت و جویدنی است.

یک تکه جویدنی

— A chewy piece.

یک تکه جویدنی از گوشت در دهانم بود.

ساختار جویدنی

— Chewy structure.

ساختار جویدنی این صمغ جالب است.

تجربه جویدنی

— A chewy experience (often in food reviews).

این دسر یک تجربه جویدنی متفاوت است.

محصولات جویدنی

— Chewable products.

فروش محصولات جویدنی در این داروخانه زیاد است.

مکمل جویدنی

— Chewable supplement.

او هر روز مکمل جویدنی می‌خورد.

容易混淆的词

جویدنی vs جاودان (Javidan)

Means 'eternal'. It sounds similar but has an 'a' after the 'j' and is spelled differently.

جویدنی vs جویده (Javideh)

Means 'chewed'. This is the past participle, describing something already masticated.

جویدنی vs جونده (Javandeh)

Means 'chewer' or 'rodent' (like a rat or rabbit).

习语与表达

"لقمه جویدنی"

— Literally a chewy morsel, but can imply something that requires effort to handle.

این پروژه مثل یک لقمه جویدنی است.

Informal

"جویدنی کردن حرف"

— To make one's words 'chewable' or easy to process (rare/creative).

او سعی کرد حرف‌هایش را برای بچه‌ها جویدنی کند.

Creative

"مثل پاستیل جویدنی"

— Used to describe someone or something very flexible or soft.

بدن این ژیمناست مثل پاستیل جویدنی است.

Informal

"جویدنی و لذیذ"

— A common pairing in food descriptions implying satisfying texture.

کباب‌های این رستوران جویدنی و لذیذ هستند.

Standard

"جویدنی مثل لاستیک"

— Simile for something unpleasantly tough.

این استیک جویدنی مثل لاستیک است.

Informal

"حرف‌های جویدنی"

— Words or ideas that one needs to think about for a long time.

کتاب او پر از حرف‌های جویدنی بود.

Literary

"جویدنی و کش‌دار"

— Chewy and stretchy, often used for cheese or taffy.

پیتزا باید جویدنی و کش‌دار باشد.

Standard

"نه بلعیدنی، نه جویدنی"

— Used for a situation that is impossible to handle or resolve.

این مشکل نه بلعیدنی است و نه جویدنی.

Informal

"جویدنی‌های روزگار"

— Metaphor for the hardships of life that one must endure.

او جویدنی‌های روزگار را چشیده است.

Literary

"جویدنی و ماندگار"

— Something that stays with you (like flavor or an idea).

طعم این میوه جویدنی و ماندگار است.

Standard

容易混淆

جویدنی vs سفت (Seft)

Both describe resistance.

'Seft' is hard like a rock and can't be compressed. 'Javidani' is elastic and meant to be chewed.

سنگ سفت است، اما پاستیل جویدنی است.

جویدنی vs ترد (Tord)

Both are food textures.

'Tord' means crunchy or crispy (breaks apart). 'Javidani' means chewy (stays together).

بیسکویت ترد است، اما تافی جویدنی است.

جویدنی vs نرم (Narm)

Chewy things are often soft.

'Narm' is a general word for soft. 'Javidani' specifically implies the action of chewing.

پنبه نرم است، اما آدامس جویدنی است.

جویدنی vs لاستیکی (Lastiki)

Both describe elastic textures.

'Lastiki' is usually negative (rubbery meat). 'Javidani' is more neutral or positive.

این استیک لاستیکی شده است.

جویدنی vs خوردنی (Khordani)

Both relate to eating.

'Khordani' means edible or a food item. 'Javidani' describes the specific texture of chewing.

سیب یک خوردنی جویدنی است.

句型

[Noun] [Adjective] ast.

این پاستیل جویدنی است.

من [Noun] +ِ [Adjective] دوست دارم.

من شکلات جویدنی دوست دارم.

این [Noun] کمی [Adjective] است.

این گوشت کمی جویدنی است.

به دلیل [Reason]، بافت آن [Adjective] شده است.

به دلیل پخت کم، بافت آن جویدنی شده است.

مصرف [Noun] به صورت [Adjective] توصیه می‌شود.

مصرف ویتامین به صورت جویدنی توصیه می‌شود.

ویژگی‌های [Adjective] این ماده ناشی از [Cause] است.

ویژگی‌های جویدنی این ماده ناشی از پلیمرهای آن است.

آیا [Noun] +ِ [Adjective] دارید؟

آیا قرص جویدنی دارید؟

برای [Person/Animal] [Noun] +ِ [Adjective] بخر.

برای سگ اسباب‌بازی جویدنی بخر.

词族

名词

جویدن (Chewing/To chew)

جویده (Chewed piece)

جونده (Chewer/Rodent)

动词

جویدن (Javidan - To chew)

جویده شدن (To be chewed)

形容词

جویدنی (Chewy/Chewable)

جویده (Chewed)

قابل جویدن (Masticable)

如何使用

frequency

Common in culinary, medical, and pet-related discussions.

常见错误

Using 'Javidan' (eternal) instead of 'Javidani' (chewy). → این شکلات جویدنی است.
Adding the 'i' is crucial. Without it, you are saying the chocolate is eternal.
Saying 'Ghors-e Javidan'. → قرصِ جویدنی.
You are asking for an 'eternal pill' instead of a 'chewable pill'.
Using the verb 'javidan' as an adjective. → این یک اسباب‌بازی جویدنی است.
You must use the adjective form with the '-i' suffix to describe the object.
Confusing 'javidani' with 'seft' (hard). → این تافی جویدنی است.
If it's meant to be chewed and is elastic, 'javidani' is better than 'seft'.
Forgetting the Ezafe. → پاستیلِ جویدنی.
In Persian, the noun and adjective must be linked with the '-e' sound.

小贴士

Suffix Power

Learn the '-i' suffix. It turns verbs into adjectives of potential. If you know 'khordan' (eat), you now know 'khordani' (edible) too!

Candy Context

Use 'javidani' when buying 'Gaz' or 'Sohan'. It helps you describe exactly what kind of sweets you like.

Pharmacy Tip

Always check if your medicine is 'javidani'. Swallowing a chewable pill whole can sometimes reduce its effectiveness.

The 'V' Sound

Ensure your 'v' in 'javidani' is a clear 'v' (as in victory), not a 'w'. Persian does not have a native 'w' sound.

Isfahan's Gaz

The best way to remember 'javidani' is to think of Isfahan's famous Gaz. It is the ultimate 'javidani' treat!

Meat Texture

If your meat is 'javidani', it needs more time. Use this word to tell your cooking partner that dinner isn't ready yet.

Chew Toys

When looking for 'chew toys' online in Persian, search for 'asbab-bazi javidani'.

Word Roots

Linking 'javidani' to the jaw (jaw-vidani) is a great way to never forget its meaning.

Ezafe Use

Don't forget the Ezafe (the '-e' sound) when putting 'javidani' after a noun, like 'shokolat-e javidani'.

TV Ads

Watch Iranian snack commercials. They often use 'javidani' to describe the satisfying texture of their products.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Javidani' as 'Jaw-v-dani'. Your 'Jaw' is very busy with something 'Javidani'!

视觉联想

Imagine a bright orange gummy bear that stretches like a rubber band when you bite it.

Word Web

Gummy Taffy Vitamin C Chew Toy Sangak Bread Jaw Teeth Masticate

挑战

Try to describe three different foods in your kitchen using 'javidani', 'narm' (soft), and 'tord' (crunchy).

词源

Derived from the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) root 'jav-' meaning to chew or consume. It has cognates in other Indo-European languages.

原始含义： The act of crushing food with teeth.

Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> West Iranian -> Persian.

文化背景

No specific sensitivities, but be careful not to use 'lastiki' (rubbery) when a host offers you food, as it is insulting.

English speakers often use 'chewy' for cookies or brownies, which is perfectly translated as 'javidani' in Persian.

Advertisements for 'Aidin' chocolates and gummies in Iran. Medical guidelines from the Iranian Ministry of Health regarding pediatric medicine. Culinary reviews in magazines like 'Honar-e Ashpazi'.

在生活中练习

真实语境

At the Pharmacy

قرص جویدنی دارید؟
آیا این جویدنی است؟
طعم این جویدنی چیست؟
باید آن را بجوم؟

At a Restaurant

گوشت کمی جویدنی است.
این نان جویدنی و عالی است.
بافت این کباب جویدنی است.
خیلی جویدنی شده است.

At a Pet Store

استخوان جویدنی برای سگ.
اسباب‌بازی جویدنی محکم.
خوراکی جویدنی طبیعی.
چوب جویدنی گربه.

Buying Candy

پاستیل جویدنی میوه‌ای.
شکلات جویدنی مغزدار.
تافی جویدنی کره‌ای.
آدامس جویدنی.

Cooking at Home

بافت غذا باید جویدنی باشد.
چرا گوشت جویدنی شده؟
این شیرینی جویدنی است.
کمی جویدنی‌ترش کن.

对话开场白

"آیا شما شکلات‌های جویدنی را دوست دارید یا شکلات‌های تلخ و سفت؟"

"به نظر شما بهترین برند پاستیل جویدنی در ایران کدام است؟"

"آیا ترجیح می‌دهید ویتامین‌های خود را به صورت قرص جویدنی مصرف کنید؟"

"اگر گوشت در خورش جویدنی باشد، شما چه کار می‌کنید؟"

"آیا تا به حال برای حیوان خانگی خود اسباب‌بازی جویدنی خریده‌اید؟"

日记主题

درباره‌ی بافت غذای مورد علاقه‌ی خود بنویسید. آیا جویدنی است یا ترد؟

خاطره‌ای از خوردن یک شیرینی جویدنی و سنتی ایرانی مثل گز بنویسید.

چرا برخی افراد ترجیح می‌دهند داروهای خود را به صورت جویدنی مصرف کنند؟

تفاوت بین یک نان جویدنی خوب و یک نان سفت و بیات را توضیح دهید.

اگر صاحب یک کارخانه شکلات‌سازی بودید، چه محصول جویدنی جدیدی اختراع می‌کردید؟

常见问题

10 个问题

Not necessarily. While it is used for candy (good), it is also used for tough meat (bad) or medical tablets (neutral). The context tells you if it's a compliment or a complaint.

Yes, although the word for gum itself is 'adams', you can describe its texture as 'javidani'. However, 'javidani' usually implies something you eventually swallow, like a gummy or a pill.

Yes, it is a very common B1-level word. You will see it on almost every bottle of Vitamin C or at any candy shop in Iran.

'Javidani' is the standard adjective. 'Ghabel-e javidan' is more formal and literally means 'capable of being chewed'. Use 'javidani' in 95% of daily situations.

You say 'vitamine javidani'. It's a very common phrase in Persian pharmacies.

Not really. Persian has other expressions for that. 'Javidani' is almost always literal and physical.

The stress is on the last syllable: 'ni'. This is typical for Persian adjectives ending in 'i'.

No. They sound similar but come from different roots. 'Javidani' is from 'chew', 'javidan' is from 'eternal/time'.

Only metaphorically and very rarely, perhaps to mean someone 'tough' or 'hard to process', but it's not a standard idiom.

Depending on the context, it could be 'blaidani' (swallowable), 'tord' (crunchy), or 'narm' (soft/melt-in-your-mouth).

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