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خریدار

A1 noun #3,000 最常用 5分钟阅读

خریدار

前3,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 خریدار 30秒了解

解析 خریدار in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'Kharidar' means 'buyer.' You will use it in very simple sentences like 'I am a buyer' (Man kharidar hastam) or when pointing at someone in a shop. It is a basic building block for shopping vocabulary. Focus on the connection to the verb 'Kharidan' (to buy). If you know 'Kharidan,' just add 'dār' and you have the person. At this stage, don't worry about legal nuances; just think of it as the person with the money in a store.

At A2, you start using 'Kharidar' in slightly more complex ways, such as with adjectives. You might say 'Kharidar-e khub' (a good buyer) or 'Kharidar-e jadid' (a new buyer). You also begin to recognize the plural form 'Kharidaran' in simple signs or announcements. You should be able to distinguish it from 'Forushandeh' (seller) and use them together to describe a simple transaction. You might also use it in the negative: 'Kharidar nadarad' (It has no buyer).

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'Kharidar' in everyday business contexts. You understand that it is the standard word in real estate or when buying a car. You can explain the role of a buyer in a simple economy. You also start to see the word in compound forms or with specific prepositions. For example, 'Kharidar barāye in khāneh' (A buyer for this house). Your pronunciation should be clear, especially the 'kh' and the long 'ā' sounds.

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At B2, you understand the stylistic difference between 'Kharidar' and 'Moshtari.' You can use 'Kharidar' in formal letters or reports. You are aware of its use in news headlines, such as 'Kharidaran-e nezāmi' (Military buyers). You can also use it metaphorically in common expressions. You understand that 'Kharidar' implies a specific legal standing in a contract (Gharārdād). You can discuss consumer trends using this term fluently.

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At C1, you use 'Kharidar' with precision in professional and academic settings. You understand the nuances of Iranian commercial law where 'Kharidar' has specific obligations. You can use the word in complex sentence structures involving relative clauses, such as 'The buyer who failed to fulfill the payment terms...' (Kharidari ke natavānest...). You also recognize the word in classical literature or advanced economic theory texts where it might represent an abstract market force.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of 'Kharidar.' You understand its etymological roots and how it relates to other Indo-European languages. You can use it in high-level rhetoric, such as political speeches about 'buyers of influence.' You are familiar with rare synonyms and can play with the word's meaning in poetry or sophisticated wordplay. You understand the subtle cultural implications of being a 'Kharidar' in a traditional Iranian bazaar versus a modern corporate environment.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

خریدار 30秒了解

Kharidar means buyer or customer in Persian.
It is derived from the verb 'Kharidan' (to buy).
It is used in both everyday shopping and formal legal contracts.
The plural form is 'Kharidaran' and the opposite is 'Forushandeh'.

The Persian word خریدار (Kharidār) is a fundamental noun that every learner must master early in their journey. At its core, it refers to a 'buyer' or a 'customer'—the person who provides money in exchange for goods or services. Structurally, the word is a classic example of Persian morphology, combining the past stem of the verb kharidan (to buy) with the suffix -dār, which denotes a possessor or one who performs an action. This makes the literal meaning 'one who has the act of buying' or simply 'the buyer.'

Economic Role: In the context of the bazaar or modern shopping malls, the خریدار is the protagonist. Whether you are purchasing a loaf of Sangak bread or a high-end luxury car, you assume this identity the moment you enter a transaction.

این ماشین خریدار ندارد. (This car has no buyer/no one wants to buy this car.)

Beyond simple commerce, the word carries weight in legal and formal business documents. You will see it at the top of contracts, often paired with its counterpart, forushandeh (seller). Understanding this word allows you to navigate the intricate social dance of Persian commerce, known for its politeness and negotiation. It is not just a label; it is a status that grants you certain rights in the marketplace.

Register and Tone: The word is neutral to formal. In a casual street conversation, you might hear it, but in legal contexts, it is the absolute standard term for a purchaser.

ما به دنبال یک خریدار واقعی هستیم. (We are looking for a real buyer.)

Using خریدار correctly requires understanding its placement within the Persian SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) structure. Usually, it functions as the subject when describing who is performing the purchase, or as an object when the seller is looking for them. For beginners, the most common structure involves the verb budan (to be) or shodan (to become).

Direct Object Usage: When you are searching for a buyer, you use the 'râ' marker if the buyer is specific. 'Man kharidar-râ peydâ kardam' (I found the buyer).

من خریدار این خانه هستم. (I am the buyer of this house.)

In more advanced usage, you might encounter it in the plural form, kharidārān. This is frequently used in news reports about market trends. For instance, 'Kharidārān-e khāreji' (Foreign buyers) are entering the market. Note how the Ezafe construction (-e) connects the noun to its adjective.

تعداد خریداران در بازار کم شده است. (The number of buyers in the market has decreased.)

You will hear خریدار in several distinct environments. The most common is the real estate office (Amlāk). If you are looking to rent or buy an apartment, the agent will refer to you as the 'kharidar' in conversations with the landlord. Similarly, in car dealerships (Namāyeshgāh-e Māshin), this word is the standard designation for the client.

News and Media: Financial news reports use this word constantly. You'll hear about 'kharidārān-e sahm' (stock buyers) or 'kharidārān-e talā' (gold buyers) when discussing economic fluctuations.

این کالا خریدار زیادی دارد. (This product has many buyers/is very popular.)

Another interesting place is in literature and proverbs. Sometimes 'kharidar' is used metaphorically to mean someone who appreciates something, like a 'buyer of wisdom' or someone who 'buys' into an idea. If someone says 'harf-e man kharidar nadarad,' they mean 'no one listens to/values my words.'

The most frequent mistake for English speakers is confusing خریدار (Kharidār) with Moshtari. While both can mean 'customer,' they are not always interchangeable. Moshtari is better for a 'client' or a 'regular' at a shop. If you go to the same café every day, you are their Moshtari. If you are signing a contract to buy a factory, you are the Kharidar.

Pronunciation Pitfall: Don't confuse the 'kh' sound with a hard 'k'. It is a voiceless velar fricative, like the 'ch' in 'Bach' or the Spanish 'j'. A hard 'k' will make the word unintelligible.

اشتباه: من مشتری این زمین هستم. (Correct, but 'kharidar' is better for land transactions.)

Another mistake involves the plural. While 'kharidar-hā' is grammatically possible, the human plural 'kharidārān' is much more common and sounds more natural in formal or semi-formal contexts.

To enrich your Persian vocabulary, it is helpful to compare خریدار with its synonyms and related terms. Each has a specific nuance that changes the tone of the sentence.

Kharidār vs. Moshtari: Kharidār: Formal, specific to a transaction, used in contracts.
Moshtari: General, refers to a customer in a shop, can also mean the planet Jupiter.
Kharidār vs. Masraf-konandeh: Masraf-konandeh means 'consumer.' A buyer might buy a gift for someone else; the buyer is the 'kharidar,' but the recipient is the 'masraf-konandeh.'

حقوق مصرف‌کننده (Consumer rights) vs حقوق خریدار (Buyer rights).

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The suffix '-dār' is extremely productive in Persian. It comes from the verb 'dāshtan' (to have). So a 'kharidār' is literally a 'buy-haver'.

发音指南

UK /xæriːˈdɑːr/

US /xɑːriːˈdɑːr/

The stress is on the final syllable: 'dār'.

押韵词

بیدار (bidār) دیوار (divār) بهار (bahār) انار (anār) بسیار (besyār) هوشیار (hushyār) بیمار (bimār) کار (kār)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'kh' as 'k' (e.g., Karidar).
Shortening the final 'ā' sound.
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.
Pronouncing the 'r' too softly like an American 'r'.
Confusing the vowel 'a' (short) with 'ā' (long).

难度评级

阅读 1/5

Very easy to read; phonetic and follows standard rules.

写作 2/5

Requires remembering the 'kh' (خ) and the long 'ā' (ا).

口语 2/5

The 'kh' sound can be tricky for English speakers.

听力 1/5

Distinctive sound, easy to pick out in conversation.

接下来学什么

前置知识

خریدن (to buy) پول (money) فروختن (to sell) دار (suffix) مغازه (shop)

接下来学习

مشتری (customer) قرارداد (contract) قیمت (price) تخفیف (discount) معامله (transaction)

高级

ثمن (price - legal) مبیع (sold object) خیار فسخ (option to terminate) غبن (disparity)

需要掌握的语法

Ezafe Construction

خریدارِ ماشین (The buyer of the car)

Human Plural -an

خریداران (Buyers)

Compound Nouns with -dar

کتابدار (Librarian), باغدار (Orchard owner)

Indefinite 'i' suffix

خریداری (A buyer)

Past Stem + Suffix

خرید (Past stem) + دار

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按水平分级的例句

من خریدار هستم.

I am a buyer.

Simple subject + noun + verb 'to be'.

او خریدار سیب است.

He is a buyer of apples.

Ezafe construction connects 'buyer' and 'apples'.

خریدار کجاست؟

Where is the buyer?

Question word 'kojāst' follows the noun.

این خریدار مهربان است.

This buyer is kind.

Demonstrative 'in' + noun + adjective.

آن خریدار نان می‌خواهد.

That buyer wants bread.

Subject + object + verb 'khāstan'.

کتاب خریدار دارد.

The book has a buyer.

Noun + noun + verb 'dāshtan'.

ما خریدار هستیم.

We are buyers.

Plural subject with singular noun (common in A1).

خریدار پول دارد.

The buyer has money.

Simple possessive sentence.

خریدار جدید به مغازه آمد.

A new buyer came to the shop.

Adjective 'jadid' follows the noun with Ezafe.

او خریدار خوبی نیست.

He is not a good buyer.

Negative form of 'to be' (nist).

آیا شما خریدار این ماشین هستید؟

Are you the buyer of this car?

Formal 'shomā' and question particle 'āyā'.

خریداران در صف هستند.

The buyers are in line.

Plural suffix '-ān' for humans.

من خریدار این لباس زیبا هستم.

I am the buyer of this beautiful dress.

Multiple adjectives using Ezafe.

دیروز یک خریدار آمد.

Yesterday, a buyer came.

Past tense 'āmad' with indefinite 'yek'.

او خریدار واقعی است.

He is a real buyer.

Adjective 'vāghe'i' (real).

خریدار باید پول را بدهد.

The buyer must give the money.

Modal verb 'bāyad' with subjunctive.

پیدا کردن خریدار برای این خانه سخت است.

Finding a buyer for this house is hard.

Gerund 'peydā kardan' as subject.

خریدار از کیفیت کالا راضی بود.

The buyer was satisfied with the quality of the goods.

Prepositional phrase 'az... rāzi'.

تعداد خریداران مسکن کاهش یافته است.

The number of housing buyers has decreased.

Formal present perfect 'kāhesh yāfte ast'.

او به عنوان خریدار اصلی شناخته می‌شود.

He is known as the main buyer.

Passive construction 'shenākhte mishavad'.

خریدار و فروشنده قرارداد را امضا کردند.

The buyer and the seller signed the contract.

Compound subject with 'va' (and).

ما به دنبال خریداران خارجی هستیم.

We are looking for foreign buyers.

Continuous present 'be donbāl-e... hastim'.

اگر خریدار بیاید، ماشین را می‌فروشم.

If a buyer comes, I will sell the car.

Conditional sentence Type 1.

خریدار حق دارد کالا را پس بدهد.

The buyer has the right to return the goods.

Idiomatic 'hagh dāshtan' (to have the right).

حقوق خریدار در این قرارداد تضمین شده است.

The buyer's rights are guaranteed in this contract.

Passive participle 'tazmin shodeh'.

خریداران عمده معمولاً تخفیف می‌گیرند.

Wholesale buyers usually get a discount.

Adjective 'omdeh' (wholesale/major).

نام خریدار باید در سند ثبت شود.

The buyer's name must be registered in the deed.

Subjunctive passive 'sabt shavad'.

او وانمود کرد که خریدار است.

He pretended to be a buyer.

Verb 'vanamud kardan' (to pretend).

خریداران با دقت بازار را تحلیل می‌کنند.

Buyers analyze the market carefully.

Adverbial phrase 'bā deghat'.

این ملک خریداران زیادی را به خود جذب کرد.

This property attracted many buyers.

Transitive verb 'jazb kardan'.

خریدار از پرداخت وجه خودداری کرد.

The buyer refused to pay the amount.

Formal verb 'khoddāri kardan'.

برخورد فروشنده با خریدار بسیار محترمانه بود.

The seller's behavior toward the buyer was very respectful.

Compound noun 'barkhord' (behavior/encounter).

خریدار موظف است ثمن معامله را پرداخت کند.

The buyer is obliged to pay the transaction price.

Arabic-rooted legal term 'saman' (price).

تمایل خریداران به خرید آنلاین افزایش یافته است.

Buyers' inclination toward online shopping has increased.

Abstract noun 'tamāyol' (inclination).

خریدار می‌تواند به دلیل غبن فاحش معامله را فسخ کند.

The buyer can terminate the deal due to gross disparity.

High-level legal terminology 'ghabn-e fāhesh'.

شناخت روانشناسی خریدار برای بازاریابی ضروری است.

Understanding buyer psychology is essential for marketing.

Compound noun 'ravānshenāsi-ye kharidar'.

خریداران بالقوه در حال بررسی شرایط هستند.

Potential buyers are examining the conditions.

Adjective 'bel-ghovve' (potential/latent).

این اثر هنری خریدار خاص خود را دارد.

This artwork has its own specific buyer.

Idiomatic use of 'khās-e khod'.

عدم حضور خریدار باعث ابطال قرارداد شد.

The buyer's absence caused the annulment of the contract.

Formal prefix 'adam-' for negation.

خریداران در برابر نوسانات ارز محتاط شده‌اند.

Buyers have become cautious against currency fluctuations.

Noun 'novasānāt' (fluctuations).

در بازار مکاره، هر کالایی خریدار خود را می‌جوید.

In the vanity fair, every commodity seeks its own buyer.

Literary verb 'jostan' (to seek).

او خریدار ناز معشوق بود.

He was the 'buyer' (appreciator) of the beloved's coquetry.

Metaphorical/Poetic usage.

قدرت چانه‌زنی خریدار در بازارهای انحصاری اندک است.

The buyer's bargaining power is minimal in monopoly markets.

Economic term 'ghodrat-e chāne-zani'.

خریدار با بصیرت، فریب تبلیغات را نمی‌خورد.

A discerning buyer is not deceived by advertisements.

Adjective 'bā basirat' (discerning/insightful).

سلسله مراتب نیازها، رفتار خریدار را تبیین می‌کند.

The hierarchy of needs explains buyer behavior.

Academic verb 'tabyin kardan' (to explain/elucidate).

خریدار نهایی، بار اصلی تورم را بر دوش می‌کشد.

The end buyer bears the main burden of inflation.

Metaphorical 'bar bar dush keshidan'.

در این عرصه، خریدار و فروخته یکی شده‌اند.

In this realm, the buyer and the sold have become one.

Philosophical/Sufi context.

خریداران کلان، نبض بازار سرمایه را در دست دارند.

Major buyers hold the pulse of the capital market.

Idiomatic 'nabz-e... dar dast dāshtan'.

常见搭配

خریدار واقعی

خریدار خارجی

حقوق خریدار

خریدار عمده

خریدار احتمالی

خریدار نهایی

خریدار باوفا

جذب خریدار

رضایت خریدار

فهرست خریداران

常用短语

خریدار داشتن

— To have demand or interest.

این ایده خریدار ندارد.

دنبال خریدار گشتن

— To look for a buyer.

او برای ماشینش دنبال خریدار می‌گردد.

خریدار حرف کسی بودن

— To value or believe someone's words.

من خریدار حرف‌های تو هستم.

خریدار پروپاقرص

— A staunch or serious buyer/fan.

او خریدار پروپاقرص تابلوهای نقاشی است.

به خریدار فروختن

— To sell to a buyer (simple transaction).

خانه را به اولین خریدار فروختم.

حق با خریدار است

— The customer is always right.

در این مغازه، همیشه حق با خریدار است.

خریدار پیدا شدن

— For a buyer to appear.

بالاخره یک خریدار پیدا شد.

خریدار ناز کسی بودن

— To tolerate someone's whims lovingly.

مادر همیشه خریدار ناز فرزندش است.

با خریدار راه آمدن

— To compromise or give a discount to the buyer.

فروشنده با خریدار راه آمد.

خریدار را پراندن

— To scare away a buyer.

با این قیمت بالا، خریدار را پراندی!

容易混淆的词

خریدار vs مشتری

Kharidar is for a specific transaction; Moshtari is for a repeat customer.

خریدار vs خریداری

Kharidār is the person; Kharidāri is the act of buying/acquisition.

خریدار vs فروشنده

The opposite; many beginners flip these.

习语与表达

"هر کالایی خریدار دارد"

— There is a lid for every pot; everything has its value to someone.

نگران نباش، هر کالایی خریدار دارد.

Informal

"خریدار نداشتن"

— To be unpopular or unwanted (ideas/goods).

حرف‌های منطقی او در آن جمع خریدار نداشت.

Neutral

"خود را خریدار نشان دادن"

— To act interested in buying (sometimes to deceive).

او فقط خود را خریدار نشان داد اما پولی نداشت.

Neutral

"خریدارِ جان"

— Someone who values something as much as their life.

او خریدارِ جانِ این وطن است.

Poetic

"خریدارِ غم"

— Someone who shares or takes on another's sorrow.

دوست واقعی خریدارِ غمِ دوست است.

Literary

"بازارِ بی خریدار"

— A stagnant market; a place where no one listens.

هنر در این شهر بازارِ بی خریدار است.

Metaphorical

"خریدارِ ناز"

— One who appreciates and endures the beloved's playfulness.

ما خریدارِ نازِ تو هستیم.

Romantic

"خریدارِ سخن"

— An attentive listener.

سخن وقتی اثر دارد که خریدار داشته باشد.

Literary

"خریدارِ وقت"

— Someone who values time.

انسان دانا خریدارِ وقت است.

Moralistic

"خریدارِ بلا"

— Someone who invites trouble or sacrifices themselves.

او خریدارِ بلای مردم شد.

Heroic

容易混淆

خریدار vs خرید

Both start with the same root.

Kharid is the noun 'purchase'; Kharidar is the person 'buyer'.

خریدِ من تمام شد (My purchase is finished) vs خریدار آمد (The buyer came).

خریدار vs مشتری

Both mean customer/buyer.

Kharidar is more formal and specific to a contract.

مشتریِ مغازه (Shop customer) vs خریدارِ ملک (Property buyer).

خریدار vs ارباب‌رجوع

Both refer to a client.

Arbab-e-rojoo is specifically for government or administrative offices.

ارباب‌رجوع در اداره منتظر است.

خریدار vs مصرف‌کننده

Both are part of the buying process.

The buyer pays; the consumer uses the product.

خریدار هدیه خرید (The buyer bought a gift).

خریدار vs بایع

Legal context.

Baye is the seller (Arabic root), often confused with the buyer in legal texts.

بایع و مشتری (Seller and buyer).

句型

[Subject] خریدار است.

او خریدار است.

[Subject] خریدارِ [Noun] است.

من خریدارِ نان هستم.

یک خریدار برای [Noun] پیدا شد.

یک خریدار برای ماشین پیدا شد.

خریدار موظف است که [Action].

خریدار موظف است که پول را بدهد.

تمایلِ خریداران به [Noun] مشهود است.

تمایلِ خریداران به طلا مشهود است.

در غیابِ خریدار، [Consequence].

در غیابِ خریدار، معامله باطل گشت.

Mixed

آیا شما [Adjective] خریدار هستید؟

آیا شما اولین خریدار هستید؟

Mixed

خریدار از [Noun] راضی بود.

خریدار از قیمت راضی بود.

词族

名词

خرید (purchase)

خریداری (buying/acquisition)

خریدوفروش (trade)

动词

خریدن (to buy)

خریداری کردن (to purchase - formal)

形容词

خریدنی (worth buying)

خریداری‌شده (purchased)

如何使用

frequency

Commonly used in business, real estate, and news.

常见错误

Using 'Kharid' for 'Buyer' → Kharidar
Kharid is the act; Kharidar is the person.
Pronouncing 'kh' as 'k' → /x/
It changes the meaning or makes the word unrecognizable.
Using 'Moshtari' in a formal contract → Kharidar
Kharidar is the legal standard term.
Forgetting the Ezafe → Kharidar-e...
You must link the noun to its attributes or objects.
Pluralizing with '-hā' in a news report → Kharidārān
Formal media always uses the human plural '-ān'.

小贴士

Pluralizing People

When pluralizing people in Persian, '-ān' is more formal than '-hā'. Use 'Kharidārān' for a professional tone.

The Haggling Culture

As a 'Kharidar' in Iran, expect to haggle. It's a social interaction, not just a price negotiation.

Root Recognition

Recognizing the 'kharid' root helps you learn dozens of related words like 'kharid-o-forush' (trading).

The Long A

The 'ā' in 'dār' is like the 'a' in 'ball' or 'father'. Keep it long and stable.

Contract Terms

If you see 'Kharidar' in a contract, that's you (the one paying). 'Forushandeh' is the other guy.

Metaphorical Use

Use 'kharidar' to describe someone who appreciates your art or music. It sounds very poetic.

News Keywords

In economic news, 'kharidaran' is a keyword that indicates market demand.

Ezafe Usage

Don't forget the Ezafe (short 'e' sound) between 'kharidar' and its description, like 'kharidar-e khub'.

The 'Dar' Suffix

Associate '-dār' with 'holder'. A buyer is a 'purchase-holder'.

Ta'arof

As a buyer, always offer to pay even if the seller says it's free. It's the Persian way.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine a person standing at a **Khar** (donkey) market in old Persia, holding a **Dar** (door) they just bought. He is the **Khar-i-dar**.

视觉联想

Picture a person holding a large shopping bag with the word 'KHARID' written on it. The bag has a handle that looks like the letter 'D' for 'Dar'.

Word Web

Market Seller Money Contract Customer Price Receipt Negotiation

挑战

Go to a local Persian grocery store and try to identify who the 'kharidar' is and who the 'forushandeh' is. Say the words quietly to yourself.

词源

Derived from Middle Persian 'xrīdan'. The root is Proto-Indo-European *kʷreih₂- (to buy), which is also the ancestor of the Sanskrit 'krīṇāti' and Old Greek 'priasthai'.

原始含义： To acquire something through exchange or payment.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian.

文化背景

Always treat the seller with respect, even if you are the 'kharidar' with the money. Arrogance from a buyer is culturally looked down upon.

In English, 'buyer' sounds more transactional than 'customer.' In Persian, 'kharidar' is similarly more transactional/formal than 'moshtari'.

The Merchant of Venice (translated as Tājer-e Venizi, where buyers are central) Modern Iranian films depicting bazaar life Persian classical poetry where God is the 'buyer' of souls.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Real Estate

خریدار مسکن
بازدید خریدار
کمیسیون خریدار
جستجوی خریدار

Bazaar

خریدار سمج
چانه زدن خریدار
قیمت برای خریدار
تخفیف به خریدار

Stock Market

خریداران سهام
صف خریدار
قدرت خریدار
فشار خریدار

Legal Documents

مشخصات خریدار
تعهدات خریدار
امضای خریدار
نشانی خریدار

Online Shopping

پنل خریدار
نظرات خریداران
سبد خرید خریدار
کد تخفیف خریدار

对话开场白

"آیا شما خریدار این ملک هستید؟ (Are you the buyer of this property?)"

"به نظر شما خریدار واقعی کیست؟ (In your opinion, who is the real buyer?)"

"چرا خریداران از این محصول استقبال نکردند؟ (Why didn't buyers welcome this product?)"

"چگونه می‌توانیم خریداران بیشتری جذب کنیم؟ (How can we attract more buyers?)"

"آیا خریدار با قیمت پیشنهادی موافقت کرد؟ (Did the buyer agree to the proposed price?)"

日记主题

امروز در بازار یک خریدار دیدم که... (Today in the market I saw a buyer who...)

اگر من خریدار یک تابلوی گران‌قیمت بودم... (If I were the buyer of an expensive painting...)

تفاوت خریدار و مشتری در چیست؟ (What is the difference between a buyer and a customer?)

چرا پیدا کردن خریدار برای برخی کالاها سخت است؟ (Why is it hard to find a buyer for some goods?)

تجربه من به عنوان یک خریدار در ایران... (My experience as a buyer in Iran...)

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, it can be, but 'Moshtari' is more common for small daily purchases. 'Kharidar' sounds a bit more serious or formal.

You say 'Kharidar-e ehtemāli' or 'Kharidar-e bel-ghovve'.

The opposite is 'Forushandeh' (فروشنده), which means 'seller'.

Usually, for services, we use 'Moshtari' or 'Kārfarmā' (if it's a project), but 'Kharidar' can be used in a contract for a service.

It can be for English speakers. It's like the 'ch' in 'Loch Ness'. Practice by clearing your throat gently.

No, Persian nouns are gender-neutral. It can mean a male or female buyer.

No, 'Kharidar-hā' is also used, mostly in spoken Persian.

It means an idea, a person, or a product is not appreciated or valued by others.

You see it on 'For Sale' signs: 'Be yek kharidar-e vāghe'i forukhte mishavad' (Sold to a real buyer).

Indirectly, as both are central to Persian trade, but they have different linguistic roots.

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