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B1 noun 13分钟阅读

خسارت

khesarat
例句
解析 خسارت in your Level:
At the A1 beginner level, the word خسارت (khesārat) is generally too complex and abstract for everyday basic survival communication. Beginners are usually focused on learning simple nouns, basic verbs, greetings, and numbers. If an A1 learner encounters a situation involving damage, they might simply use the word خراب (kharāb - broken/bad) to describe the state of an object. For example, 'ماشین خراب است' (The car is broken). However, it is useful for A1 learners to recognize the word خسارت passively, especially if they are traveling in a Persian-speaking country and need to rent a car or deal with a minor accident. Hearing the word from a police officer or a rental agent will signal that they are talking about the damage or the cost of the damage. At this stage, learners do not need to produce the compound verbs associated with it. Simply knowing that خسارت means 'damage' or 'money to pay for a mistake' is sufficient. It acts as a vocabulary anchor. If you drop a glass in a hotel and the staff mentions خسارت, you know you might have to pay for it. The primary goal at A1 is passive recognition of high-frequency transactional words, and خسارت definitely falls into that category for anyone engaging with transportation or accommodation.
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At the A2 elementary level, learners begin to form more complete sentences and describe past events. At this stage, introducing خسارت becomes highly practical. A2 learners should start using the most basic compound verb: خسارت دیدن (to sustain damage). They can use it to describe simple accidents or unfortunate events. For example, 'دیروز تصادف کردم و ماشینم خسارت دید' (Yesterday I had an accident and my car was damaged). This allows learners to move beyond simply saying something is 'broken' (خراب) and articulate that an event caused a negative consequence. A2 learners should also learn the phrase خسارت دادن (to pay damages), as it is very useful for resolving minor disputes or understanding instructions. 'باید خسارت بدهم؟' (Do I have to pay damages?). At this level, the focus is on personal, immediate contexts: your car, your phone, your rented apartment. The grammar remains simple, mostly using past and present tenses. The distinction between personal injury and property damage might still be blurry for an A2 learner, but actively using خسارت to mean 'property damage' is a significant step up in vocabulary richness. It empowers the learner to handle real-world logistical problems in Persian.
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The B1 intermediate level is where خسارت truly shines and becomes a core part of the learner's active vocabulary. At this stage, learners are expected to discuss a wider range of topics, including news, hypothetical situations, and more complex narratives. B1 learners must master the active compound verbs: خسارت زدن (to cause damage) and خسارت وارد کردن (to inflict damage), crucially remembering to use the preposition به (to). For instance, 'طوفان به خانه‌های زیادی خسارت زد' (The storm caused damage to many houses). This level requires understanding the difference between the active agent causing the damage and the passive recipient. Furthermore, B1 learners should start incorporating adjectives to describe the extent of the damage, such as خسارت سنگین (heavy damage) or خسارت مالی (financial damage). They will encounter the word frequently in reading comprehension texts about natural disasters, economic reports, or traffic news. The concept of جبران خسارت (compensation) should also be introduced, allowing learners to understand and discuss basic legal or insurance concepts. By the end of B1, a student should be able to tell a detailed story about an accident, explaining who caused the damage, what was damaged, and who is responsible for paying for it, using خسارت fluidly and accurately.
At the B2 upper-intermediate level, the usage of خسارت becomes more nuanced and formal. Learners are expected to understand and produce complex sentences often found in journalism, formal reports, and professional environments. At this level, the plural forms خسارت‌ها and especially the Arabic broken plural خسارات become common. A B2 learner should comfortably read a news article stating 'خسارات ناشی از سیل در استان گلستان بسیار بالا بود' (The damages resulting from the flood in Golestan province were very high). They should also be able to differentiate خسارت from its synonyms like ضرر, زیان, and صدمه, using each in its precise context. B2 learners will engage in debates or discussions where they might argue about liability, using phrases like مسئولیت جبران خسارت (the responsibility of compensating for damage). Metaphorical uses also begin to appear at this level, such as discussing damage to someone's reputation (خسارت به اعتبار) or emotional loss. The grammar structures surrounding the word become more complex, involving passive voice constructions, conditional sentences ('If the insurance doesn't pay, who will cover the damage?'), and formal prepositional phrases. Mastery at B2 means using the word not just to report a fact, but to analyze situations, negotiate outcomes, and understand official discourse.
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At the C1 advanced level, the learner's command of خسارت is expected to be near-native, encompassing highly formal, legal, academic, and literary contexts. C1 speakers use precise collocations and idiomatic expressions effortlessly. They engage with complex legal texts where terms like دعوای مطالبه خسارت (lawsuit claiming damages) or خسارت تاخیر تادیه (damages for late payment) are standard. The vocabulary expands to include highly specific adjectives like خسارت جبران‌ناپذیر (irreparable damage) or خسارات هنگفت (colossal damages). At this level, learners can articulate abstract arguments about economic policies causing systemic damage (خسارت‌های ساختاری به اقتصاد) or environmental degradation. They understand the subtle rhetorical weight of the word when used by politicians or public figures to emphasize a crisis. Furthermore, C1 learners can seamlessly switch between the formal register required in a written report and the colloquial usage needed in a heated argument about a car crash. They recognize that while خسارت is a common word, its deployment in sophisticated syntax—such as using it within relative clauses or complex passive structures—demonstrates a high level of linguistic maturity and cultural fluency.
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At the C2 mastery level, the understanding and application of خسارت are absolute and indistinguishable from an educated native speaker. A C2 learner grasps the deepest etymological roots, historical contexts, and subtle cultural connotations of the word. They can navigate the most dense legal contracts, insurance policies, and academic papers detailing liability and tort law in Iranian jurisprudence. They are comfortable with archaic or highly literary usages that might appear in classical texts or formal poetry, where concepts of loss and ruin are explored. At C2, the learner can play with the language, perhaps using خسارت ironically or in novel metaphors to describe political or social phenomena. They understand regional variations in how the word might be pronounced or favored over synonyms in different Persian-speaking countries (Iran vs. Afghanistan vs. Tajikistan). The word is fully integrated into their cognitive linguistic framework, allowing them to instantly access the exact phrase—whether it is a common idiom or a highly specialized legal term—without hesitation, ensuring perfect precision in any conceivable communicative scenario.
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例句
The Persian word خسارت (khesārat) is a highly significant and frequently used noun that translates primarily to damage, loss, or harm in English. It is a word that carries considerable weight in both formal and informal contexts, often associated with negative events such as accidents, natural disasters, financial downturns, or property damage. Understanding this word is crucial for anyone learning Persian, especially at the intermediate (B1) level and beyond, because it frequently appears in daily news broadcasts, legal documents, insurance claims, and everyday conversations about unfortunate incidents. When people use the word خسارت, they are usually referring to a quantifiable or observable negative impact on something valuable. This could be physical damage to a vehicle after a car crash, structural damage to a building following an earthquake, or financial loss experienced by a business due to poor market conditions. The concept of خسارت is deeply embedded in the administrative and legal terminology of Persian-speaking countries. For instance, the term جبران خسارت means compensation for damages, a phrase you will undoubtedly encounter if you ever need to deal with insurance companies or legal disputes in Iran, Afghanistan, or Tajikistan. Moreover, the word is not exclusively reserved for physical or financial contexts; it can occasionally be used metaphorically to describe emotional or psychological harm, although this is less common than its primary applications. To fully grasp the nuances of خسارت, it is helpful to look at how it functions within different grammatical structures and common collocations.
Physical Damage
Refers to tangible harm to objects, such as cars, houses, or public infrastructure. This is the most common everyday use.

طوفان دیشب خسارت زیادی به شهر وارد کرد.

In everyday speech, you will often hear verbs like زدن (to hit/strike), دیدن (to see/experience), and وارد کردن (to bring in/inflict) paired with خسارت. For example, خسارت دیدن means to sustain damage, while خسارت زدن means to cause damage. These compound verbs are the building blocks of discussing accidents. If you rent a car in Iran and accidentally scratch it, the rental agency will talk to you about the خسارت. If a farmer's crops are destroyed by a sudden frost, the news will report on the خسارت وارد شده به کشاورزان (the damage inflicted on farmers).
Financial Loss
Used in business and economics to describe monetary deficits, bankruptcy, or the negative financial impact of a policy.

شرکت ما امسال خسارت مالی بزرگی را تجربه کرد.

It is also important to note the plural forms. While خسارت is singular, its plural can be either the regular Persian plural خسارت‌ها (khesārat-hā) or the Arabic broken plural خسارات (khesārāt). Both are widely used, but خسارات tends to sound slightly more formal and is preferred in journalistic or official writing. For instance, a news anchor might say خسارات ناشی از زلزله (the damages resulting from the earthquake).
Legal and Insurance Contexts
Involves claims, compensation, and liability. The term is central to determining who pays for an accident.

بیمه تمام خسارت را پرداخت خواهد کرد.

Beyond the literal meaning, the emotional weight of the word should not be underestimated. When someone speaks of a خسارت جبران‌ناپذیر (an irreparable loss), they might be referring to the loss of a loved one or the destruction of a priceless historical artifact. The word carries a tone of solemnity and seriousness. You would not use خسارت to describe dropping an inexpensive pen, but you absolutely would use it if you dropped and shattered your brand-new smartphone.

مرگ او یک خسارت جبران‌ناپذیر برای جامعه علمی بود.

In summary, mastering the word خسارت opens up a vast array of conversational and comprehension possibilities in Persian. It connects to the realms of driving, weather, business, law, and personal tragedy. By understanding its collocations and the contexts in which it thrives, learners can significantly enhance their fluency and sound much more natural when discussing the inevitable bumps and bruises of life.

ما باید از هرگونه خسارت احتمالی جلوگیری کنیم.

Using the word خسارت correctly in Persian sentences requires an understanding of the specific verbs it pairs with, as Persian relies heavily on compound verbs. The noun خسارت itself cannot act as a verb; it must be combined with a light verb (an auxiliary verb) to convey an action. The most fundamental and frequently used compound verbs are خسارت دیدن (to sustain damage, to be damaged), خسارت زدن (to cause damage, to damage), خسارت وارد کردن (to inflict damage), and خسارت دادن (to pay for damages). Let us explore how these are structured in various tenses and contexts. When you want to say that something was damaged, you use خسارت دیدن. For example, in the past tense: ماشین من در تصادف خسارت دید (My car sustained damage in the accident). Notice how the subject (the car) is the entity that receives the damage. This is a very passive-like construction in English, but in Persian, it is an active verb phrase where the car is 'seeing' or 'experiencing' the damage.
خسارت دیدن (To sustain damage)
Used when the subject is the victim or the object that has been harmed. Very common for property and vehicles.

خانه ما در زلزله خسارت زیادی دید.

Conversely, when you want to identify the perpetrator or the cause of the damage, you use خسارت زدن or خسارت وارد کردن. These verbs require the preposition به (to) to indicate what was damaged. For instance: سیل به روستا خسارت زد (The flood caused damage to the village). The structure is: [Subject causing damage] + به + [Object receiving damage] + خسارت زد. This pattern is incredibly consistent and essential for B1 learners to master.
خسارت زدن (To cause damage)
Used when emphasizing the actor or event that created the loss or destruction. Requires the preposition 'به'.

آتش‌سوزی به جنگل خسارت زد.

Another vital compound is خسارت دادن. This is mostly used in financial or legal contexts meaning 'to pay damages' or 'to compensate'. If you are at fault in an accident, you must pay the other person. You would say: من مقصر بودم و باید خسارت بدهم (I was at fault and I must pay damages). This is a practical phrase for everyday life, especially for expatriates or travelers renting vehicles.
خسارت دادن (To pay damages)
Focuses on the financial restitution after an incident. Often used in discussions about insurance and liability.

شرکت بیمه موظف است خسارت بدهد.

Adjectives can also heavily modify خسارت to specify the extent or type of damage. Common adjectives include جانی (human/fatal), مالی (financial/property), سنگین (heavy/severe), and جبران‌ناپذیر (irreparable). These are usually placed immediately after the noun, connected by the Ezafe vowel (-e). For example, خسارتِ مالی (khesārat-e māli) means financial damage. A news report might state: این تصادف خسارت جانی نداشت، اما خسارت مالی سنگینی داشت (This accident had no human casualties, but it had heavy financial damage).

آنها متحمل خسارت سنگینی شدند.

Finally, the formal phrase جبران خسارت (compensation for damage) is used as a noun phrase. You can make it a verb by adding کردن (to do): جبران خسارت کردن (to compensate). Example: دولت قول داد که جبران خسارت کند (The government promised to compensate). By practicing these specific sentence patterns, learners will find that incorporating خسارت into their active vocabulary is highly systematic and logical.

دادگاه او را به جبران خسارت محکوم کرد.

The word خسارت is ubiquitous in Persian-speaking societies, and you will encounter it in a wide variety of real-life situations, ranging from the mundane to the highly formal. Understanding where and how this word appears will help you anticipate its usage and comprehend the context much faster. One of the most common places you will hear خسارت is on the daily news. Whether it is television, radio, or online journalism, news outlets frequently report on events that cause harm or destruction. When natural disasters like earthquakes (زلزله), floods (سیل), or storms (طوفان) occur, reporters invariably discuss the extent of the damage. You will hear phrases like برآورد خسارات (estimation of damages) or میزان خسارت (the extent of the damage). In these contexts, the word emphasizes the severity of the event and the impact on communities.
News and Journalism
Used daily to report on accidents, disasters, and economic downturns. Often paired with formal adjectives.

گزارشگر درباره میزان خسارت صحبت کرد.

Another major domain where خسارت is practically unavoidable is the world of driving and car insurance. Traffic accidents (تصادفات رانندگی) are unfortunately common, and the immediate conversation following a fender bender revolves around خسارت. Drivers will step out of their cars, inspect the vehicles, and debate who is responsible for paying the خسارت. Insurance companies (شرکت‌های بیمه) have entire departments dedicated to ارزیابی خسارت (damage assessment). If you own a car in Iran, you will need to purchase بیمه شخص ثالث (third-party insurance), which explicitly covers خسارات مالی و جانی (financial and bodily damages) inflicted on others.
Insurance and Driving
Crucial vocabulary for dealing with car accidents, filing claims, and understanding insurance policies.

کارشناس بیمه برای بررسی خسارت آمد.

The legal and business sectors also heavily rely on this term. In contracts, there is almost always a clause regarding جبران خسارت (indemnification or compensation for damages) in case one party breaches the agreement. If a business suffers a loss due to a partner's negligence, they will file a lawsuit to claim خسارت. In this formal, legal register, the word is treated with strict precision, often quantified in monetary terms. You might hear lawyers arguing over whether a specific action constitutes a قابل جبران خسارت (compensable damage).
Legal and Business Contracts
Appears in clauses detailing penalties, breach of contract, and financial restitution.

در قرارداد بند مربوط به خسارت وجود دارد.

On a more personal level, you will hear people use خسارت when discussing everyday mishaps that involve a financial hit. If a plumber accidentally breaks a pipe while fixing a sink, the homeowner might complain about the additional خسارت. Even in agriculture, farmers talk about the خسارت caused by pests or bad weather to their crops. It is a versatile word that scales from international disasters down to a broken window in a neighborhood.

سرما به باغ‌های میوه خسارت وارد کرد.

By paying attention to these contexts—news broadcasts, traffic disputes, legal documents, and daily financial complaints—learners will quickly realize that خسارت is not just a vocabulary word to memorize, but a key concept for navigating the practical realities of life in a Persian-speaking environment.

هیچکس نمی‌خواهد مسئولیت این خسارت را بپذیرد.

When English speakers learn the Persian word خسارت, they often encounter a few specific pitfalls due to direct translation habits and misunderstandings of Persian compound verb structures. Being aware of these common mistakes can significantly accelerate your path to fluency and help you sound much more like a native speaker. The most frequent error involves choosing the wrong light verb (auxiliary verb) to pair with خسارت. Because English uses verbs like 'to damage' or 'to harm' directly, learners sometimes try to invent verbs like 'خسارتیدن' (which does not exist) or use the generic verb کردن (to do) incorrectly. While جبران خسارت کردن (to compensate for damage) is correct, simply saying خسارت کردن to mean 'to cause damage' is incorrect and sounds very unnatural. Instead, you must use خسارت زدن (to strike damage) or خسارت وارد کردن (to bring in damage).
Wrong Light Verb Usage
Using 'کردن' instead of 'زدن', 'دیدن', or 'وارد کردن' when forming compound verbs with خسارت.

اشتباه: او ماشین را خسارت کرد. (Correct: او به ماشین خسارت زد.)

Another major stumbling block is the misuse of prepositions. In English, you damage 'something' (direct object). In Persian, you cause damage 'to something'. Therefore, the preposition به (to) is absolutely mandatory when using خسارت زدن or خسارت وارد کردن. Many learners omit this preposition and try to use the direct object marker را (rā), which leads to grammatically incorrect sentences. For example, saying ماشین را خسارت زد is wrong. The correct form is به ماشین خسارت زد (He/it caused damage to the car).
Missing the Preposition 'به'
Failing to use 'به' when indicating the object that received the damage.

اشتباه: طوفان خانه را خسارت زد. (Correct: طوفان به خانه خسارت زد.)

A third common mistake is confusing خسارت (khesārat - damage/loss) with similar-sounding or related words like خطر (khatar - danger) or صدمه (sadame - injury/harm). While صدمه is often used interchangeably with خسارت, صدمه is more frequently applied to living beings (physical injury to a person), whereas خسارت is heavily skewed towards property, vehicles, and financial contexts. If a person breaks their arm, it is better to say صدمه دید (they were injured) rather than خسارت دید (they sustained damage), which would sound strange, as if the person were a machine.
Confusing Property Damage with Personal Injury
Using خسارت for a person's physical injuries instead of words like صدمه or جراحت.

اشتباه: پای او خسارت دید. (Correct: پای او صدمه دید.)

Lastly, learners sometimes struggle with the pronunciation, placing the stress on the wrong syllable. In Persian, the stress in nouns almost always falls on the final syllable. Therefore, it should be pronounced khe-sā-RAT, not KHE-sā-rat. Misplacing the stress can make the word slightly harder for native speakers to catch in fast-paced conversation. By avoiding these structural, contextual, and phonetic mistakes, your use of خسارت will be precise, natural, and highly effective.

دقت در استفاده از کلمه خسارت مهم است.

او یاد گرفت که چگونه به درستی از خسارت استفاده کند.

The Persian language is rich with vocabulary to describe harm, loss, and destruction. While خسارت is a powerful and versatile word, knowing its synonyms and related terms allows you to express yourself with greater precision and variety. Depending on whether you are talking about an injury to a person, a minor defect in an object, or a catastrophic financial ruin, there is usually a specific word that fits perfectly. Let us explore the landscape of words similar to خسارت. The most immediate synonym is صدمه (sadame). Both words translate to damage or harm, and in many contexts involving objects, they are interchangeable. For example, you can say ماشین صدمه دید or ماشین خسارت دید (the car was damaged). However, as noted earlier, صدمه is much more commonly used for physical injuries to humans or animals. If an athlete gets hurt during a game, they suffer a صدمه, not a خسارت.
صدمه (Sadame - Injury/Harm)
Can mean damage to objects, but is the preferred word for physical injury to living beings.

او در تصادف صدمه دید، اما ماشینش خسارت کمی برداشت.

Another closely related word is ضرر (zarar), which translates strictly to loss, disadvantage, or financial detriment. While خسارت often implies physical damage that leads to a financial cost (like a broken window), ضرر is purely abstract or monetary. If you buy stocks and the market crashes, you suffer a ضرر (financial loss). You would not use خسارت here because nothing was physically broken. The common phrase ضرر و زیان (loss and damage) frequently appears in legal and business texts, combining both concepts for comprehensive coverage.
ضرر (Zarar - Financial Loss/Detriment)
Used for abstract losses, bad deals, and situations where you lose money without physical destruction.

این معامله برای ما ضرر داشت، نه خسارت فیزیکی.

The word زیان (ziyān) is functionally identical to ضرر, meaning loss or damage, mostly in a financial or abstract sense. It is slightly more formal and frequently pairs with ضرر (as mentioned above) or with verbs like رساندن (to deliver/cause). For example, سیگار کشیدن به سلامتی زیان می‌رساند (Smoking causes harm to health). Here, زیان is better suited than خسارت because the harm is gradual and internal, rather than a sudden destructive event.
زیان (Ziyān - Harm/Loss)
A formal alternative to ضرر, often used for gradual harm to health or long-term financial deficits.

آلودگی هوا زیان‌های زیادی دارد که مانند یک خسارت پنهان است.

For more severe, catastrophic destruction, the word ویرانی (virāni) or خرابی (kharābi) is used. These translate to ruin or devastation. An earthquake causes massive ویرانی (devastation), which results in billions of dollars of خسارت (damages). ویرانی describes the state of being destroyed, while خسارت quantifies the loss.

پس از ویرانی شهر، دولت خسارت را محاسبه کرد.

By understanding the subtle boundaries between خسارت, صدمه, ضرر, زیان, and خرابی, you can elevate your Persian from functional to highly articulate. You will know exactly when to complain about a bad investment versus a dented bumper.

انتخاب کلمه مناسب به جای خسارت مهارت شما را نشان می‌دهد.

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按水平分级的例句

1

ماشین خسارت دید.

The car got damaged.

Simple past tense with compound verb.

2

این خسارت است.

This is damage.

Simple present 'to be'.

3

خسارت چقدر است؟

How much is the damage?

Question word 'cheghadr'.

4

من خسارت می‌دهم.

I pay the damage.

Simple present compound verb.

5

خسارت بزرگ است.

The damage is big.

Adjective placement.

6

خانه خسارت ندارد.

The house has no damage.

Negative 'to have'.

7

او خسارت زد.

He caused damage.

Simple past active.

8

پول برای خسارت.

Money for damage.

Preposition 'baraye'.

1

دیروز در تصادف ماشین من خسارت دید.

Yesterday in the accident my car was damaged.

Time marker 'dirooz'.

2

بیمه پول خسارت را می‌دهد.

Insurance pays the damage money.

Direct object marker 'ra'.

3

طوفان خسارت زیادی به شهر زد.

The storm caused a lot of damage to the city.

Preposition 'be' with 'khesarat zadan'.

4

ما باید خسارت این اشتباه را بدهیم.

We must pay the damage for this mistake.

Modal verb 'bayad'.

5

خسارت این تصادف خیلی کم بود.

The damage of this accident was very little.

Ezafe linking noun to noun.

6

آیا شما خسارت دیدید؟

Did you sustain damage?

Yes/No question with 'Aya'.

7

او نمی‌خواهد خسارت بدهد.

He doesn't want to pay damages.

Verb 'khastan' with subjunctive.

8

خسارت مالی برای او مهم نیست.

Financial damage is not important to him.

Adjective 'mali'.

1

دولت قول داد که تمام خسارات ناشی از سیل را جبران کند.

The government promised to compensate all damages resulting from the flood.

Subjunctive after 'ghol dad ke'.

2

کارشناس بیمه در حال بررسی میزان خسارت وارد شده به خودرو است.

The insurance expert is investigating the extent of damage inflicted on the vehicle.

Present continuous with 'dar hal-e'.

3

اگر با احتیاط رانندگی نکنی، به دیگران خسارت می‌زنی.

If you don't drive carefully, you will cause damage to others.

First conditional sentence.

4

این آتش‌سوزی خسارت جبران‌ناپذیری به جنگل‌های شمال وارد کرد.

This fire inflicted irreparable damage to the northern forests.

Complex adjective 'jobran-napazir'.

5

برای دریافت خسارت، باید فرم‌های مربوطه را پر کنید.

To receive damages, you must fill out the relevant forms.

Infinitive used as a noun 'daryaft'.

6

خوشبختانه این حادثه خسارت جانی نداشت، فقط خسارت مالی بود.

Fortunately, this incident had no human casualties, it was only financial damage.

Contrast using 'faghat'.

7

آنها به دلیل خسارت سنگینی که دیدند، مجبور به تعطیلی کارخانه شدند.

Due to the heavy damage they sustained, they were forced to close the factory.

Causal conjunction 'be dalil-e'.

8

هرگونه خسارت به اموال عمومی پیگرد قانونی دارد.

Any damage to public property has legal prosecution.

Formal vocabulary 'peygar-e ghanouni'.

1

برآورد اولیه نشان می‌دهد که زلزله اخیر میلیاردها تومان خسارت به زیرساخت‌ها وارد کرده است.

Initial estimates show that the recent earthquake has inflicted billions of tomans of damage to the infrastructure.

Present perfect tense 'vared karde ast'.

2

دادگاه متهم را به پرداخت غرامت و جبران خسارت شاکی محکوم نمود.

The court sentenced the accused to pay compensation and make up for the plaintiff's damages.

Formal verb 'mahkoum nemood'.

3

با وجود تدابیر امنیتی، هکرها توانستند خسارات هنگفتی به سیستم بانکی وارد کنند.

Despite security measures, hackers were able to inflict colossal damages on the banking system.

Concession clause 'ba vojood-e'.

4

بیمه‌نامه شما تنها خسارات ناشی از حوادث طبیعی را پوشش می‌دهد و شامل سرقت نمی‌شود.

Your insurance policy only covers damages resulting from natural disasters and does not include theft.

Formal phrasing 'nashi az'.

5

شرکت‌های هواپیمایی موظفند در صورت تاخیر پرواز، خسارت مسافران را پرداخت کنند.

Airlines are obliged to pay passengers' damages in case of flight delays.

Obligation structure 'movazzafand'.

6

این تصمیم اقتصادی نسنجیده، خسارت‌های ساختاری عمیقی به تولید داخلی زد.

This ill-considered economic decision caused deep structural damages to domestic production.

Advanced adjectives 'nasanjideh', 'sakhtari'.

7

او ادعا کرد که انتشار این مقاله به اعتبار حرفه‌ای‌اش خسارت وارد کرده است.

He claimed that the publication of this article had inflicted damage on his professional reputation.

Metaphorical use of 'khesarat'.

8

برای جلوگیری از تشدید خسارات، نیروهای امدادی بلافاصله به منطقه اعزام شدند.

To prevent the exacerbation of damages, relief forces were immediately dispatched to the region.

Passive voice 'e'zam shodand'.

1

در حقوق مدنی، مبحث مسئولیت مدنی به تفصیل شرایط الزام به جبران خسارت را تبیین می‌کند.

In civil law, the topic of civil liability explains in detail the conditions of the obligation to compensate for damages.

Highly academic and legal terminology.

2

پیامدهای زیست‌محیطی این پروژه صنعتی، خساراتی به بار خواهد آورد که در بلندمدت غیرقابل جبران است.

The environmental consequences of this industrial project will bring about damages that are irreparable in the long term.

Idiom 'be bar khahad avard'.

3

وکیل مدافع استدلال کرد که موکلش هیچ‌گونه سوءنیتی نداشته و خسارت وارده صرفاً ناشی از یک خطای سهوی بوده است.

The defense attorney argued that his client had no malicious intent and the inflicted damage was merely due to an inadvertent error.

Legal register 'sou-e niyat', 'sahvi'.

4

نوسانات شدید نرخ ارز، خسارات هنگفتی را متوجه واردکنندگان کالا نمود.

Severe exchange rate fluctuations directed colossal damages toward goods importers.

Formal verb structure 'motevajjeh nemood'.

5

ارزیابی دقیق خسارات مستلزم اعزام هیئتی از کارشناسا

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