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مقدمه

A2 noun #3,000 最常用 8分钟阅读

مقدمه

前3,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 مقدمه 30秒了解

解析 مقدمه in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should know that 'مقدمه' (moghaddameh) means 'introduction'. Think of it as the 'start' of a book or a lesson. You might hear your teacher say, 'Let's read the introduction'. It is a noun. You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet. Just remember that it is the first part of a story or a book. For example, 'این مقدمه است' (This is the introduction). It is a useful word to know when you are looking at a textbook or a simple story in Persian. You can also use it to say someone is talking too much before getting to the point. Even at this basic level, knowing 'moghaddameh' helps you navigate the structure of Persian materials.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'مقدمه' in simple sentences with the Ezafe construction. You should be able to say things like 'مقدمهٔ کتاب کوتاه است' (The book's introduction is short). You also learn that 'مقدمه' is different from 'معرفی' (introducing people). You might encounter the word in simple news clips or short articles. You should also understand the phrase 'بدون مقدمه' (without introduction), which means doing something suddenly or being very direct. This level is about recognizing the word in context and using it to describe parts of things you read or hear. It's a key word for organizing your own simple thoughts in Persian.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'مقدمه' in more varied contexts, such as academic, musical, or social situations. You will learn the plural form 'مقدمات' (moghaddamat) and how it refers to 'preparations' or 'preliminaries'. For example, 'مقدمات ازدواج' (wedding preparations). You also begin to understand the cultural importance of having a 'moghaddameh' in social interactions to avoid being seen as rude. You can use it in your own writing to structure essays. You might also start using the compound verb 'مقدمه‌چینی کردن' to describe someone who is beating around the bush. This level requires a deeper understanding of the word's nuances and its role in Persian etiquette.

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At the B2 level, 'مقدمه' becomes a tool for analyzing texts and speeches. You should be able to discuss the effectiveness of an introduction in a debate or a critique. You will distinguish between 'مقدمه', 'پیش‌گفتار' (preface), and 'دیباچه' (prologue) based on the tone and age of the text. You will use 'مقدمه' to describe philosophical or logical premises in more complex discussions. Your vocabulary should include related terms like 'مقدماتی' (preliminary/introductory) as an adjective. For example, 'دورهٔ مقدماتی' (introductory course). At this stage, you are expected to use the word with native-like precision in both formal and informal registers.

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At the C1 level, you explore the etymological roots of 'مقدمه' and its connection to Islamic philosophy and logic (Manteq), where it refers to the premises of a syllogism. You understand how the 'moghaddameh' of a classical poem or a legal treaty functions to establish authority and context. You can use the word in highly sophisticated ways, such as 'مقدمهٔ واجب' (a necessary preliminary) in legal or religious contexts. You are also sensitive to the stylistic choices authors make when they use 'moghaddameh' versus more archaic synonyms. Your understanding of the word is no longer just linguistic but also deeply cultural and historical.

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At the C2 level, you have a mastery of 'مقدمه' that allows you to use it in creative writing, high-level diplomacy, and academic research. You can analyze how a 'moghaddameh' serves as a rhetorical device to persuade or set a specific mood. You are familiar with classical texts like the 'Moghaddameh' of Ibn Khaldun and its significance in world history. You can use the word and its derivatives to express subtle shades of meaning, such as the difference between a functional introduction and a purely aesthetic one. You speak and write about 'moghaddameh' with the nuance of a native scholar, recognizing its role in the architecture of Persian thought and literature.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

مقدمه 30秒了解

Moghaddameh means 'introduction' or 'preface' in Persian.
It is used for books, music, speeches, and social interactions.
The word comes from an Arabic root meaning 'to precede'.
It is essential for formal writing and polite social behavior.

The Persian word مقدمه (pronounced moghaddameh) is a versatile and essential noun that primarily translates to 'introduction', 'preface', or 'prologue'. Rooted in the Arabic triliteral root Q-D-M, which relates to the concept of 'preceding' or 'coming before', it signifies the foundational part of any work, speech, or event that sets the stage for what follows. In a literary context, it refers to the opening section of a book where the author explains the purpose or scope of the work. However, its usage extends far beyond the library. In daily conversation, it is used to describe the preliminary actions or words one takes before getting to the main point. For example, if someone is talking for a long time before asking for a favor, a listener might say, 'Get to the point and skip the introduction'. This word is vital for students, professionals, and casual learners alike because it structures how information is presented in Persian culture, which often values a formal and polite opening before diving into the core subject matter.

Formal Usage: In academic writing, 'مقدمه' is a mandatory section of a thesis or research paper, outlining the hypothesis and methodology.
Social Usage: In social settings, it refers to the 'small talk' or 'preamble' necessary to establish rapport before discussing serious business.

نویسنده در مقدمه کتاب به اهداف خود اشاره کرده است.

Translation: The author mentioned their goals in the introduction of the book.

Understanding 'مقدمه' also involves understanding the cultural nuance of 'Tarof' or indirectness. Iranians often use a 'moghaddameh' to soften the impact of a request or news. Jumping straight into a topic without a proper introduction can sometimes be perceived as abrupt or even rude. Therefore, mastering this word isn't just about learning a noun; it's about learning the rhythm of Persian communication. Whether you are reading a classical poem by Hafez, which might have a 'dibacheh' (a poetic synonym), or a modern news report, you will encounter this term as the gateway to the content. It represents the transition from silence or unrelated topics into the heart of the matter. It is the bridge between the audience and the message.

بدون هیچ مقدمه‌ای شروع به صحبت کرد.

Translation: He started talking without any introduction.

Furthermore, the word is used in music (prelude) and law (preamble). In music, the 'moghaddameh' is the instrumental part that precedes the singing, setting the mood and the 'dastgah' (musical mode). In legal documents, it provides the context and intent of the law. This versatility makes it one of the top 1000 most useful nouns in the Persian language. By recognizing 'مقدمه', you are recognizing the start of a journey, whether that journey is a 500-page novel or a 5-minute conversation over tea.

Using مقدمه correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a common noun. It most frequently appears at the beginning of sentences to set the context or as the object of verbs like 'neveshtan' (to write), 'khandan' (to read), or 'shoru kardan' (to start). One of the most common constructions is the Ezafe construction: 'مقدمهٔ کتاب' (The introduction of the book). Notice how the 'ye' sound is added to link 'moghaddameh' to the following noun. This is crucial for natural-sounding Persian.

The Ezafe Link: Always use the Ezafe (short 'e' or 'ye') when connecting 'مقدمه' to what it is introducing. Example: مقدمهٔ مقاله (Intro of the article).

لطفاً مقدمه را با دقت بخوانید.

Translation: Please read the introduction carefully.

Another important usage is the phrase 'بدون مقدمه' (without introduction). This is used both literally and figuratively. Literally, it means a text lacks a preface. Figuratively, it describes someone who is blunt or direct. For example, 'او بدون مقدمه رفت سر اصل مطلب' (He went straight to the point without introduction). This phrase is very common in storytelling and reporting to emphasize the suddenness of an action.

این فقط یک مقدمه برای بحث‌های بعدی است.

Translation: This is just an introduction for future discussions.

In more advanced contexts, you might see the compound verb 'مقدمه‌چینی کردن' (moghaddameh-chini kardan). This literally means 'to arrange introductions' but idiomatically translates to 'to beat around the bush' or 'to pave the way'. For instance, 'او داشت مقدمه‌چینی می‌کرد تا پول قرض بگیرد' (He was beating around the bush to borrow money). Understanding how to turn the noun 'مقدمه' into this active verb phrase will significantly boost your fluency and help you understand the subtleties of Persian social interactions.

You will hear مقدمه in various domains of Iranian life. In a university lecture, a professor will almost always start with 'به عنوان مقدمه...' (As an introduction...). In the world of media, news anchors use it to summarize a story before giving the details. If you are watching a Persian movie or a TV series, the opening credits or the 'previously on' segment might be referred to in reviews as the 'moghaddameh' of the episode. It is a word that signifies structure and preparation.

در مقدمه خبر، به نکات مهم اشاره شد.

Translation: In the introduction of the news, the important points were mentioned.

Podcasts & Media: Hosts often say 'مقدمه را کوتاه می‌کنم' (I'll keep the intro short) to signal they are moving to the main interview.

In traditional Persian music (Radif), the 'Pish-daramad' is often called the 'moghaddameh'. When you attend a concert in Tehran or listen to classical Iranian music on Spotify, the slow, rhythmic instrumental piece that opens the performance is the 'moghaddameh'. It prepares the listener's ear for the complex melodies to follow. Similarly, in religious or formal speeches (Sokhanrani), the speaker starts with a 'moghaddameh' which often includes praise to God or a brief history of the topic. This formal beginning is a hallmark of Persian eloquence.

این موسیقی یک مقدمه آرام دارد.

Translation: This music has a calm introduction.

Finally, in everyday problem-solving, if someone is explaining a complicated situation, they might say 'بگذار یک مقدمه بگویم' (Let me give an introduction/background). This helps the listener understand the context of the problem. It is a tool for clarity and effective communication in both formal and informal Persian environments.

One of the most common mistakes learners make with مقدمه is confusing it with 'mo'arrefi' (معرفی). While both can translate to 'introduction' in English, they are not interchangeable in Persian. 'Mo'arrefi' is used specifically for introducing people to each other or introducing a new product to the market. 'Moghaddameh' is used for the introductory *part* of a text, speech, or process. You would 'mo'arrefi' your friend, but you would write a 'moghaddameh' for your book.

Moghaddameh vs. Mo'arrefi: Use 'مقدمه' for sections of books/speeches. Use 'معرفی' for people or showcasing items.

اشتباه: مقدمه دوستم به شما. (Wrong: Intro of my friend to you.)

Correct: معرفی دوستم به شما.

Another error is the incorrect use of the plural form 'مقدمات'. Some learners use 'moghaddameh-ha' which, while technically understandable, is rarely used. The correct Arabic-style plural 'مقدمات' (moghaddamat) is much more common, especially when referring to 'preliminary steps' or 'preparations' for a wedding, a trip, or a project. For example, 'مقدمات سفر فراهم شد' (The preparations for the trip were made). Using the wrong plural can make your Persian sound 'clunky' or uneducated.

Lastly, be careful with the spelling. The letter 'qaf' (ق) and 'gheyn' (غ) are pronounced similarly in many Iranian dialects, but 'مقدمه' must always be spelled with a 'qaf'. Spelling it with a 'gheyn' is a common orthographic mistake for new learners. Also, ensure you don't forget the 'h' (ه) at the end, which represents the 'eh' sound. In spoken Persian, the 'h' is silent, but it is vital for the written form.

While مقدمه is the most standard term for 'introduction', Persian offers several rich alternatives depending on the context and the level of formality. Understanding these will help you choose the right word for the right situation. For example, in very old or formal books, you might see 'دیباچه' (dibācheh). This is a beautiful, more poetic word for a preface. In modern academic writing, 'پیش‌گفتار' (pish-goftār) is often used as a synonym for 'preface' or 'foreword', specifically when the author is addressing the reader directly before the main text.

Comparison: Moghaddameh vs. Pish-goftar: 'مقدمه' is general and can be about the subject matter. 'پیش‌گفتار' is often about the book's creation process.
Comparison: Moghaddameh vs. Aghaz: 'آغاز' (āghāz) means 'the start' or 'beginning' in a general sense, while 'مقدمه' is a structured introductory part.

او پیش‌گفتار را به همسرش تقدیم کرد.

Translation: He dedicated the foreword to his wife.

In the context of music, 'پیش‌درآمد' (pish-darāmad) is the specific term for an introductory piece. In a more casual sense, if you just want to say 'the beginning', you can use 'شروع' (shoru'). However, 'shoru'' is a verb-noun (starting), whereas 'moghaddameh' is a formal section. Another interesting alternative is 'تمهید' (tamhid), which refers to 'preliminary arrangements' or 'paving the way' in a more strategic or diplomatic sense. Choosing 'moghaddameh' is always safe, but using 'pish-goftar' in an essay will make you sound more like a native academic.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The famous 14th-century scholar Ibn Khaldun wrote a book titled 'The Muqaddimah' (Introduction), which is now considered one of the earliest works of sociology and historiography. The 'introduction' was so significant it became more famous than the main work!

发音指南

UK /mo.ɢæd.dæ.me/

US /moʊ.ɡæ.də.meɪ/

The stress is typically on the final syllable '-meh'.

押韵词

زمزمه (zemzemeh) واهمه (vāhemeh) فاطمه (Fātemeh) همه (hameh) دمدمه (damdameh) ترجمه (tarjomeh) محکمه (mahkameh) علقمه (alqameh)

常见错误

Pronouncing the 'q' (ق) as a simple 'k'. It should be deeper in the throat.
Forgetting the gemination (doubling) of the 'd' (د). It is 'mo-qad-da-meh'.
Pronouncing the final 'h' too strongly like 'he'. It should be a short 'eh' vowel sound.
Confusing the vowels; it is not 'mu-qad-da-ma'.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

The word is common and easy to recognize in text.

写作 3/5

Requires correct spelling of 'qaf' and handling the Ezafe.

口语 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward once the 'q' is mastered.

听力 2/5

Very frequently heard at the start of media and speeches.

接下来学什么

前置知识

کتاب اول نوشتن خواندن آغاز

接下来学习

فصل متن نتیجه‌گیری فهرست منابع

高级

دیباچه پیش‌گفتار تمهید صغری و کبری موخره

需要掌握的语法

Ezafe Construction

مقدمهٔ (moghaddameh-ye) + کتاب (ketab) = The book's introduction.

Arabic Plurals in Persian

مقدمه becomes مقدمات (moghaddamat).

Compound Verb Formation

مقدمه + چینی + کردن = To beat around the bush.

Adjective Suffix -i

مقدمه + ـاتی = مقدماتی (preliminary).

Preposition 'Bedune'

بدون (without) + مقدمه = bedune moghaddameh.

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按水平分级的例句

این مقدمه کتاب است.

This is the introduction of the book.

Simple sentence with 'is' (ast).

مقدمه کجاست؟

Where is the introduction?

Question form using 'kojast'.

مقدمه را بخوان.

Read the introduction.

Imperative form of 'khandan'.

او مقدمه می‌نویسد.

He/She is writing an introduction.

Present continuous sense.

مقدمه خیلی بلند است.

The introduction is very long.

Subject + Adverb + Adjective.

من مقدمه ندارم.

I don't have an introduction.

Negative form of 'dashtan'.

یک مقدمه کوتاه بگو.

Say a short introduction.

Imperative with adjective.

مقدمه خوب بود.

The introduction was good.

Past tense of 'to be'.

مقدمهٔ این مقاله جالب است.

The introduction of this article is interesting.

Ezafe construction linking 'moghaddameh' and 'maghaleh'.

او بدون مقدمه وارد اتاق شد.

He entered the room without introduction.

Prepositional phrase 'bedune moghaddameh'.

مقدمه را در صفحه اول پیدا کنید.

Find the introduction on the first page.

Formal imperative 'peyda konid'.

آیا شما مقدمه را فهمیدید؟

Did you understand the introduction?

Past tense question.

مقدمهٔ فیلم خیلی هیجان‌انگیز بود.

The introduction of the movie was very exciting.

Ezafe with 'film'.

او برای سخنرانی‌اش مقدمه آماده کرد.

He prepared an introduction for his speech.

Compound verb 'amadeh kardan'.

مقدمهٔ درس امروز درباره تاریخ است.

The introduction of today's lesson is about history.

Topic introduction.

لطفاً مقدمه را پاک نکنید.

Please do not erase the introduction.

Negative formal imperative.

ما باید مقدمات سفر را فراهم کنیم.

We must make the preparations for the trip.

Use of plural 'moghaddamat' meaning preparations.

نویسنده در مقدمه به منابع خود اشاره کرده است.

The author has mentioned their sources in the introduction.

Present perfect 'eshareh kardeh ast'.

او بدون هیچ مقدمه‌ای خبر بد را داد.

He gave the bad news without any introduction.

Use of 'hich' for emphasis.

این مقدمه برای درک بقیه داستان ضروری است.

This introduction is necessary for understanding the rest of the story.

Adjective 'zaruri' (necessary).

موسیقی با یک مقدمه آرام شروع می‌شود.

The music starts with a calm introduction.

Passive-like present tense.

او همیشه با مقدمه‌چینی حرفش را می‌زند.

He always says what he wants to say by beating around the bush.

Use of the compound noun/verb 'moghaddameh-chini'.

مقدمهٔ پایان‌نامه باید شامل فرضیات باشد.

The thesis introduction must include hypotheses.

Modal 'bayad' (must).

در مقدمه، نویسنده از خانواده‌اش تشکر کرد.

In the introduction, the author thanked his family.

Past tense 'tashakkor kard'.

مقدمهٔ این کتاب توسط یک استاد برجسته نوشته شده است.

The introduction of this book was written by a prominent professor.

Passive voice 'neveshteh shodeh ast'.

بدون مقدمات لازم، نمی‌توان پروژه را شروع کرد.

Without the necessary preliminaries, the project cannot be started.

Negative potential 'nemitavan'.

او ساعت‌ها مقدمه‌چینی کرد تا بالاخره درخواستش را بگوید.

He beat around the bush for hours before finally stating his request.

Use of 'ta' to mean 'until/before'.

مقدمهٔ قانون اساسی اهداف نظام را تبیین می‌کند.

The preamble of the constitution clarifies the goals of the system.

Formal verb 'tabyin kardan'.

این بحث مقدمه‌ای بر نظریات پیچیده‌تر است.

This discussion is a prelude to more complex theories.

Preposition 'bar' (on/to).

من ترجیح می‌دهم بدون مقدمه به اصل موضوع بپردازم.

I prefer to get to the main point without an introduction.

Subjunctive 'bepardazam'.

مقدمات برگزاری کنفرانس از ماه‌ها پیش آغاز شده بود.

The preparations for holding the conference had started months ago.

Past perfect 'āghāz shodeh bud'.

مقدمهٔ این رمان به تنهایی یک شاهکار است.

The introduction of this novel is a masterpiece by itself.

Phrase 'be tanhayi' (by itself).

در مقدمهٔ ابن خلدون، به تحلیل جوامع بشری پرداخته شده است.

In Ibn Khaldun's Muqaddimah, the analysis of human societies is addressed.

Reference to a specific famous work.

این مقدمات منطقی لزوماً به نتیجهٔ درستی ختم نمی‌شوند.

These logical premises do not necessarily lead to a correct conclusion.

Logical usage of 'moghaddamat'.

نویسنده با ظرافت تمام، مقدمه را به متن اصلی پیوند داده است.

The author has elegantly linked the introduction to the main text.

Adverbial phrase 'ba zerafat-e tamam'.

مقدمهٔ طولانی او حوصلهٔ حضار را سر برد.

His long introduction bored the audience.

Idiom 'howseleh sar bordan'.

فراهم آوردن مقدمات صلح، وظیفه‌ای دشوار است.

Providing the preliminaries for peace is a difficult task.

Infinitive as subject.

او بدون هیچ مقدمه‌چینی، انتقاد تند خود را مطرح کرد.

Without any preamble, he raised his sharp criticism.

Emphasis using 'hich'.

مقدمهٔ این اثر فلسفی، کلید درک جهان‌بینی نویسنده است.

The introduction of this philosophical work is the key to understanding the author's worldview.

Metaphorical usage.

باید مقدمات لازم برای تغییرات ساختاری را ایجاد کرد.

Necessary preliminaries for structural changes must be created.

Passive modal construction.

مقدمهٔ کتاب، بستری معرفت‌شناختی برای مباحث آتی فراهم می‌آورد.

The book's introduction provides an epistemological framework for future discussions.

High-level academic vocabulary.

تقلیل مفاهیم پیچیده به یک مقدمهٔ ساده، همواره میسر نیست.

Reducing complex concepts to a simple introduction is not always feasible.

Gerund 'taghlil' (reduction).

او با ذکاوتی ستودنی، مقدمات خروج از بحران را چید.

With commendable ingenuity, he arranged the preliminaries for exiting the crisis.

Sophisticated adjectives.

مقدمه‌چینی‌های دیپلماتیک، راه را برای امضای توافق‌نامه هموار کرد.

Diplomatic preambles smoothed the way for signing the agreement.

Metaphorical 'hamvar kardan'.

در متون کلاسیک، مقدمه غالباً با ستایش باری‌تعالی آغاز می‌گردد.

In classical texts, the introduction often begins with the praise of the Almighty.

Passive formal 'aghaz migardad'.

مقدمهٔ این رساله، بازخوانی انتقادی تاریخ معاصر است.

The introduction of this treatise is a critical rereading of contemporary history.

Complex noun phrase.

بی‌آنکه مقدمه‌ای در میان باشد، فاجعه رخ داد.

Without any prologue, the disaster occurred.

Literary 'bi-anke'.

مقدمات نظری این تحقیق، بر پایهٔ مکتب ساختارگرایی استوار است.

The theoretical foundations of this research are based on the school of structuralism.

Academic 'ostovar ast'.

常见搭配

مقدمه نوشتن

بدون مقدمه

مقدمهٔ کوتاه

مقدمهٔ مفصل

به عنوان مقدمه

مقدمات سفر

دورهٔ مقدماتی

مقدمات لازم

مقدمهٔ موسیقی

مقدمهٔ قانون

常用短语

مقدمه چینی کردن

— To beat around the bush or to pave the way for something.

انقدر مقدمه‌چینی نکن، اصل حرفت را بگو.

بدون مقدمه رفتن سر اصل مطلب

— To get straight to the point without any preamble.

او همیشه بدون مقدمه می‌رود سر اصل مطلب.

مقدمه بر...

— An introduction to [a specific topic].

این کتاب مقدمه‌ای بر فلسفه است.

در مقدمه ذکر شد

— It was mentioned in the introduction.

همان‌طور که در مقدمه ذکر شد، این تحقیق جدید است.

مقدمات کار

— The initial steps or preparations for a task.

مقدمات کار را چیده‌ایم.

مقدمه واجب

— A necessary prerequisite (often used in legal/religious logic).

وضو مقدمه واجب برای نماز است.

مقدمه کتاب

— The book's introduction.

مقدمه کتاب را نویسنده دیگری نوشته است.

یک مقدمه کلی

— A general introduction.

او یک مقدمه کلی درباره موضوع داد.

مقدمه و مؤخره

— The beginning and the end (intro and outro).

این سند مقدمه و مؤخره دقیقی دارد.

فراهم کردن مقدمات

— To make preparations.

دولت در حال فراهم کردن مقدمات انتخابات است.

容易混淆的词

مقدمه vs معرفی (Mo'arrefi)

Mo'arrefi is for people/products; Moghaddameh is for parts of a text/speech.

مقدمه vs مقصد (Maghsad)

Maghsad means destination; Moghaddameh means introduction. They share the 'M-Q' letters.

مقدمه vs مقدس (Moghaddas)

Moghaddas means holy/sacred. Similar spelling but different meaning.

习语与表达

"مقدمه‌چینی کردن"

— To prepare the ground or to talk around a subject before revealing the main point.

او داشت مقدمه‌چینی می‌کرد که از من پول قرض بگیرد.

Informal/Neutral

"بدون مقدمه"

— Abruptly, suddenly, or very directly.

بدون مقدمه گفت که می‌خواهد استعفا بدهد.

Neutral

"مقدمهٔ خیر"

— A good start or a positive omen (rare/literary).

این دیدار مقدمه خیری برای همکاری ماست.

Formal

"مقدمات را چیدن"

— To set the stage or arrange things in advance.

او تمام مقدمات را چیده بود تا ما را غافلگیر کند.

Informal

"مقدمهٔ بلا"

— A precursor to trouble (literary).

این سکوت مقدمه بلا بود.

Literary

"مقدمهٔ چینی"

— Note: This is often a pun or confusion with 'Moghaddameh-chini' (beating around the bush), but literally 'Chinese introduction' is not an idiom.

N/A

"مقدمهٔ بحث"

— The opening of a discussion.

مقدمه بحث ما درباره اقتصاد است.

Formal

"مقدمهٔ واجب"

— Something that must happen before a main event can occur.

یادگیری الفبا مقدمه واجب برای خواندن است.

Academic

"بی‌مقدمه"

— Alternative form of 'bedune moghaddameh'.

بی‌مقدمه وارد شد.

Neutral

"مقدمات فراهم است"

— Everything is ready to start.

همه مقدمات فراهم است، می‌توانیم شروع کنیم.

Neutral

容易混淆

مقدمه vs شروع (Shoru')

Both mean 'beginning'.

Shoru' is the act of starting; Moghaddameh is a formal introductory part.

شروع فیلم خوب بود، اما مقدمه نداشت.

مقدمه vs پیش‌گفتار (Pish-goftar)

Both translate to 'preface'.

Pish-goftar is specifically by the author; Moghaddameh is more general.

نویسنده در پیش‌گفتار از سختی‌های کار گفت.

مقدمه vs آغاز (Aghaz)

Both mean 'start'.

Aghaz is more literary and general; Moghaddameh is structural.

در آغاز جهان، نوری نبود.

مقدمه vs دیباچه (Dibacheh)

Both mean 'prologue'.

Dibacheh is archaic/poetic; Moghaddameh is modern/standard.

دیباچه این کتاب قدیمی بسیار زیباست.

مقدمه vs تمهید (Tamhid)

Both involve preparation.

Tamhid is the act of arranging; Moghaddameh is the section itself.

این تمهیدات برای امنیت لازم است.

句型

[Noun] مقدمه دارد.

کتاب مقدمه دارد.

مقدمهٔ [Noun] [Adjective] است.

مقدمهٔ درس سخت است.

بدون [Noun]، [Verb].

بدون مقدمه، شروع کرد.

در مقدمه به [Noun] اشاره شد.

در مقدمه به نام نویسنده اشاره شد.

مقدماتِ [Noun] فراهم است.

مقدماتِ جشن فراهم است.

[Person] مشغولِ مقدمه‌چینی است.

او مشغولِ مقدمه‌چینی است.

مقدمهٔ [Noun] مبینِ [Noun] است.

مقدمهٔ قانون مبینِ حقوقِ ماست.

با ابتنا بر مقدماتِ [Adjective]...

با ابتنا بر مقدماتِ منطقی...

词族

名词

مقدمات (moghaddamat) - preliminaries

تقدم (taghaddom) - priority/precedence

قدیم (ghadim) - old/ancient

قدم (ghadam) - step/pace

动词

مقدمه‌چینی کردن (moghaddameh-chini kardan) - to beat around the bush

تقدم داشتن (taghaddom dashtan) - to have priority

形容词

مقدماتی (moghaddamati) - preliminary/introductory

مقدم (moghaddam) - prior/preferred

如何使用

frequency

Very common in both written and spoken Persian.

常见错误

Using 'مقدمه' for introducing people. → معرفی (Mo'arrefi)
You cannot say 'Moghaddameh-ye doostam'. You must say 'Mo'arrefi-ye doostam'.
Spelling it as مغدمه. → مقدمه
The word uses 'Qaf' (ق), not 'Gheyn' (غ). This is a common spelling error.
Using 'مقدمه‌ها' for preparations. → مقدمات (Moghaddamat)
While 'moghaddameh-ha' is plural for 'introductions', 'moghaddamat' is the correct term for 'preparations'.
Forgetting the Ezafe in 'Moghaddameh-ye ketab'. → مقدمهٔ کتاب
Because the word ends in a silent 'h', you must add the 'ye' sound to link it to the next noun.
Confusing 'مقدمه' with 'مقصد'. → مقدمه (Intro) vs. مقصد (Destination)
They sound slightly similar but mean the opposite (start vs. end point).

小贴士

Master the Ezafe

When you say 'Introduction of...', always add the 'ye' sound: Moghaddameh-ye. This is the most common way to use the word.

Don't be too direct

In Iran, using a 'moghaddameh' in social requests is often better than being too blunt. It shows respect and 'Adab'.

Learn the family

If you learn 'moghaddameh', also learn 'moghaddamati' (preliminary) and 'moghaddamat' (preparations). They are very common.

Pronounce the 'Q'

The 'Q' sound in 'moghaddameh' is uvular. Practice it by making a sound deep in your throat to sound like a native.

Academic Style

In university papers, use 'مقدمه' for the first chapter. It is the standard academic term.

Intro in Media

Listen to the start of news reports. You will often hear 'در مقدمه این خبر...' (In the intro of this news...).

Beating around the bush

Use 'مقدمه‌چینی نکن' (Don't beat around the bush) when a friend is taking too long to get to the point.

Poetic Alternative

If you are reading poetry, look for 'Dibacheh'. It's a more beautiful, old-fashioned way to say 'moghaddameh'.

Legal Preamble

The 'moghaddameh' of a contract is very important as it explains the context of the agreement.

Visual Link

Visualize 'moghaddameh' as the front door of a house. You have to go through the door (intro) to get inside (main content).

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'MO-QAD-DAMEH'. 'MO' as in 'More', 'QAD' like 'Guide'. A 'More-Guide' at the start of a book to guide you through. Or visualize a 'Mogul' giving a 'DAME' (Introduction) to his court.

视觉联想

Visualize the first few steps (Qadam) of a long staircase. Each step is a 'moghaddameh' leading you to the top (the main point).

Word Web

Book Speech Music Preparations First Part Beating around the bush Preface Prelude

挑战

Try to write a three-sentence 'moghaddameh' for a story about a cat. Then, try to tell a friend a piece of news 'bedune moghaddameh'.

词源

Derived from the Arabic root Q-D-M (ق د م), which carries meanings related to being in front, preceding, or ancient. In Arabic, 'muqaddima' refers to the vanguard of an army or the beginning of something.

原始含义： The part that goes before or the front part of a group.

Semitic root (borrowed into Indo-European Persian).

文化背景

Be careful not to overdo 'moghaddameh-chini' in modern business settings in Iran, as younger generations are becoming more direct.

While English speakers value 'getting to the point' (brevity), Persian speakers often value 'paving the way' (moghaddameh).

The Muqaddimah by Ibn Khaldun (Historical masterpiece). Moghaddameh-ye Shahnameh (The famous intro to the Epic of Kings). Classical music 'Pish-daramad' (The musical equivalent).

在生活中练习

真实语境

Academic Writing

در این مقدمه...
هدف از این مقدمه...
مقدمه و فرضیات...
مقدمهٔ تاریخی...

Social Situations

بدون مقدمه بگویم...
یک مقدمه لازم است...
مقدمه‌چینی نکن...
مقدمهٔ حرفم...

Music and Art

مقدمهٔ ارکستر...
یک مقدمه ملایم...
مقدمه و آواز...
مقدمهٔ نمایش...

Law and Politics

مقدمهٔ معاهده...
مقدمات صلح...
مقدمهٔ بیانیه...
مقدمات اجرایی...

Travel and Events

مقدمات سفر...
مقدمات جشن...
مقدمات عروسی...
مقدمات کنفرانس...

对话开场白

"مقدمهٔ این کتاب را خوانده‌ای؟ خیلی جالب است."

"به نظر تو مقدمه برای یک سخنرانی چقدر مهم است؟"

"چرا بعضی‌ها بدون مقدمه می‌روند سر اصل مطلب؟"

"مقدمهٔ مورد علاقه تو در موسیقی چیست؟"

"آیا می‌توانی یک مقدمه کوتاه برای خودت بگویی؟"

日记主题

درباره اهمیت مقدمه در روابط اجتماعی بنویسید.

اگر بخواهید برای زندگی خود یک مقدمه بنویسید، چه می‌گویید؟

یک مقدمه برای کتابی که دوست دارید بنویسید، خلق کنید.

تفاوت بین مقدمهٔ یک فیلم و یک کتاب چیست؟

چرا در فرهنگ ایرانی مقدمه‌چینی اهمیت دارد؟

常见问题

10 个问题

No, for introducing people, use 'معرفی' (Mo'arrefi). 'مقدمه' is for books, speeches, or events. For example, 'I want to introduce my friend' is 'می‌خواهم دوستم را معرفی کنم'.

Yes, it is the most common translation. However, in academic books, 'پیش‌گفتار' (Pish-goftar) is often used specifically for the author's preface.

It means the person started talking about the main topic immediately, without small talk. It can imply the person was very direct or even a bit rude.

You can use the adjective form 'مقدماتی' (moghaddamati). For example, 'introductory course' is 'دوره مقدماتی'.

It's an idiom meaning 'to beat around the bush' or 'to pave the way'. It often has a slightly negative connotation of being too indirect.

Yes, very often! It usually means 'preparations' for things like a trip, a wedding, or a project.

Yes, it refers to the instrumental introduction or prelude of a piece of music.

Yes, it is borrowed from Arabic, but it is fully integrated into the Persian language and used daily.

It is spelled with 'M-Q-D-M-H' (مقدمه). Remember the 'Qaf' (ق), not 'Gheyn' (غ).

Not directly for people, but you can say 'مقدمه نوشتن' (to write an intro) or 'مقدمه گفتن' (to give an intro).

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