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B2 adjective 9分钟阅读

مکرر

mokarrar
例句 مکرر 30秒了解
解析 مکرر in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'مکرر' (mokarar) yet. It's a bit too formal. Instead, you usually learn words like 'خیلی' (kheyli - very/much) or 'دوباره' (dobare - again). If you see 'mokarar' in a text, just think of it as meaning 'many times' or 'often'. For example, if someone says they go to the park 'mokarar', they just mean they go there a lot. At this stage, focus on 'man dobare miram' (I go again). You might hear it in very simple songs or stories, but don't worry about using it in your own speech until you are more comfortable with basic Persian grammar. It is an 'extra' word for now that helps you understand formal announcements.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to see more formal words in news headlines or simple stories. 'مکرر' (mokarar) might appear when describing a habit or a frequent event. You can start to recognize it as an adjective. For example, 'tamas-haye mokarar' means 'many phone calls'. You should understand that it is more 'official' than saying 'ziyad' (a lot). If you use it, people will think your Persian is very good! Try to remember it as 'repeated'. You don't need to use the adverb 'mokararan' yet, but if you see it, know that the 'an' at the end makes it an adverb (like '-ly' in English).
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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'مکرر' (mokarar) in your writing, especially for school or work. Instead of saying 'man chand bar goftam' (I said several times), you can say 'man be-surat-e mokarar goftam'. This makes you sound more professional. You should also understand its use in medical or technical contexts, like 'repeated symptoms'. You are now learning the difference between 'again' (one more time) and 'repeatedly' (many times as a pattern). Start practicing the pronunciation with the double 'k' sound (mo-kar-rar) to sound more like a native speaker. You might also start seeing it in Persian literature or news reports about weather patterns.
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At the B2 level, this is a 'must-know' word. You should use 'مکرر' (mokarar) and its adverbial form 'مکرراً' (mokararan) naturally in discussions about social issues, history, or professional topics. You should be able to distinguish it from synonyms like 'pey-dar-pey' (successive) or 'motavali' (consecutive). For example, in a debate, you might say, 'Despite repeated warnings (ekhtar-haye mokarar), the problem continues.' You should also be comfortable with the word in legal or bureaucratic contexts. At this level, you understand that 'mokarar' adds a specific tone of persistence or formality that other words lack. You can use it to describe patterns in data or behavior in a sophisticated way.
At the C1 level, you are exploring the nuances of 'مکرر' (mokarar) in complex literature and legal documents. You understand its role in creating rhythm in prose and its specific legal definitions (like 'repeat offense'). You can use it metaphorically to describe the 'repeated cycles of history' or 'recurring themes in a poem'. Your usage should be flawless, including the correct placement of the Ezafe and the proper use of the tanvin suffix. You can also compare and contrast it with more obscure synonyms in a linguistic discussion. You are aware of how the word has been used historically in classical Persian texts and how its usage has evolved into the modern bureaucratic and technical language of today.
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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'مکرر' (mokarar). You can use it to discuss philosophical concepts like Nietzsche's 'eternal recurrence' (bazgasht-e javidan-e mokarar) in Persian. You understand the phonetic subtleties and how the word's Arabic roots influence its standing in the Persian lexicon. You can write high-level academic papers or legal briefs where 'mokarar' is used with absolute precision to define frequency and intent. You are also sensitive to the word's use in different Persian-speaking regions (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan) and can adapt your register accordingly. To you, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a tool for expressing complex ideas about time, repetition, and patterns of existence.
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例句

مکرر 30秒了解

  • Mokarar means 'repeated' or 'frequent'.
  • It is a formal word used in news, law, and medicine.
  • It comes from the Arabic root for 'repetition'.
  • The adverbial form is 'mokararan' (repeatedly).

The Persian word مکرر (pronounced 'mokarar') is a sophisticated adjective and adverb derived from the Arabic root 'K-R-R', which fundamentally relates to the concept of returning or repeating. In the context of modern Persian, it is used to describe actions, events, or occurrences that happen repeatedly, frequently, or time and time again. Unlike the simpler word 'dobare' (which usually means 'again' or 'once more'), مکرر implies a pattern of recurrence or a series of repetitions that often carry a sense of persistence or significance.

Grammatical Function
It primarily functions as an adjective (meaning 'repeated') but can also act as an adverb, especially when used in the form 'مکرراً' (mokararan) with the Arabic tanvin suffix, meaning 'repeatedly'.

In professional and academic settings, this word is the gold standard for discussing frequency. For instance, a doctor might speak of 'tamas-haye mokarar' (repeated contacts) or 'dard-haye mokarar' (recurring pains). It carries a weight of formality that suggests the repetition is noteworthy or perhaps even problematic. In legal contexts, it describes 'repeat offenders' or 'repeated violations' of a law, where the frequency of the act changes its legal implications.

شکایات مکرر همسایگان باعث شد پلیس مداخله کند.

Translation: The neighbors' repeated complaints caused the police to intervene.

Beyond the literal meaning of 'often', مکرر is often found in literature and high-register speech to emphasize the cyclical nature of life or history. When a poet speaks of 'amad-o-shod-haye mokarar' (repeated comings and goings), they are not just saying people come and go; they are evoking a sense of eternal recurrence. This nuances the word, making it more evocative than its more mundane synonyms.

In everyday life, you might hear this word in news broadcasts regarding 'ebarat-haye mokarar' (repeated phrases) in political speeches, or in sports commentary describing 'hamle-haye mokarar' (repeated attacks) by a football team. It is a versatile word that bridges the gap between the technical and the poetic, making it an essential part of the B2-level Persian vocabulary. Understanding its usage allows a learner to move from simple descriptions of frequency to more nuanced discussions of patterns and habits.

Register Variation
In formal Persian (Ketabi), 'mokarar' is preferred. In very informal Tehrani slang, people might stick to 'hey' or 'ziyad', but even then, 'mokarar' is understood and used when the speaker wants to emphasize the seriousness of the repetition.

تذکرات مکرر استاد به دانشجویان در مورد زمان امتحان.

Translation: The professor's repeated reminders to the students about the exam time.

Using مکرر correctly requires an understanding of its placement within the Persian sentence structure. As an adjective, it typically follows the noun it modifies, connected by the Ezafe (the short '-e' sound). For example, 'khata-ye mokarar' (repeated error). As an adverb, it can appear before the verb or at the beginning of a clause to provide emphasis on the frequency of the action.

Common Collocations
Pairing 'mokarar' with nouns like 'darkhwast' (request), 'ekhtar' (warning), or 'tamrin' (practice) is very common. 'Darkhwast-haye mokarar' (repeated requests) is a standard way to express persistence.

When you want to emphasize that something happened 'repeatedly' as an adverbial phrase, you have two main options. You can use 'be-surat-e mokarar' (in a repeated manner) or the Arabic-style adverb 'mokararan'. For example: 'U mokararan be man zang zad' (He called me repeatedly). This latter form is particularly common in news reporting and official correspondence.

او به دلیل غیبت‌های مکرر از کار اخراج شد.

Translation: He was fired from work due to repeated absences.

In a sentence describing a process, such as scientific research or mechanical testing, 'mokarar' highlights the iterative nature of the work. 'Azmayesh-haye mokarar' (repeated experiments) indicates a thorough and rigorous approach. It suggests that the action was not a one-off event but a deliberate series of identical or similar acts aimed at reaching a specific conclusion or result.

Let's look at the difference between 'dobare' and 'mokarar' in practice. If you say 'Man dobare be u goftam' (I told him again), it implies you said it once before. If you say 'Man be-surat-e mokarar be u goftam', it implies you have been telling him over and over, perhaps out of frustration or necessity. The choice of 'mokarar' adds a layer of 'many times' and 'persistence' that 'dobare' lacks.

Sentence Patterns
[Noun] + -e + مکرر (Adjective)
[Verb] + مکرراً (Adverb)
به طور مکرر + [Verb]

بارش‌های مکرر در این منطقه باعث سیل شد.

Translation: Repeated rainfalls in this region caused a flood.

If you tune into an Iranian news channel like IRINN or listen to a BBC Persian broadcast, you will encounter مکرر almost daily. It is the language of reporting. Journalists use it to describe 'hamle-haye mokarar' (repeated attacks) in conflict zones or 'ekhtar-haye mokarar' (repeated warnings) from international organizations. It provides a level of objectivity and formality required for news dissemination.

In the Workplace
In office environments, 'mokarar' appears in emails and reports. A manager might mention 'takhirat-e mokarar' (repeated delays) during a performance review. It is a polite but firm way to address recurring issues without sounding overly aggressive, as the word itself is quite formal.

Educational settings are another prime location for this word. Teachers use it when discussing study habits: 'morur-e mokarar' (repeated review) is often cited as the key to mastering a new language or subject. In academic papers, researchers describe their methodology using 'azmayesh-haye mokarar' to prove the reliability of their data. If you are a student in Iran, you will see this word in your textbooks and hear it in lectures constantly.

پزشک به او توصیه کرد که از نشستن مکرر خودداری کند.

Translation: The doctor advised him to avoid repeated (prolonged/frequent) sitting.

In the world of technology and software, Persian localizations of apps use 'mokarar' for 'recurring' events. If you set a 'recurring' alarm or a 'recurring' meeting on your digital calendar, the Persian interface will likely use 'mokarar' or 'tekrar-shavandeh'. This demonstrates the word's transition into the modern, digital age, where it describes automated repetitions.

Finally, in the legal system, 'mokarar' is a technical term. A 'jorm-e mokarar' (repeated crime) usually carries a heavier sentence. When reading legal news or watching crime dramas in Persian, pay attention to how this word is used to categorize the severity of an individual's actions based on their frequency. It highlights the transition from a single mistake to a pattern of behavior.

درخواست‌های مکرر برای ویزا در نهایت پذیرفته شد.

Translation: The repeated requests for a visa were finally accepted.

One of the most common mistakes learners make is confusing مکرر with the noun تکرار (tekrar). While both come from the same root, 'tekrar' is the noun meaning 'repetition', whereas 'mokarar' is the adjective meaning 'repeated'. You cannot say 'man tekrar zang zadam' if you mean 'I called repeatedly'; you must say 'man mokararan zang zadam' or 'man be طور مکرر zang zadam'.

Grammar Pitfall: Adjective vs. Adverb
Learners often forget to add the tanvin (اً) when using the word as an adverb. Saying 'u mokarar goft' is grammatically weaker than 'u mokararan goft'. In speech, people might drop the tanvin, but in writing, it is essential for B2+ proficiency.

Another error is using 'mokarar' when 'dobare' (again) is more appropriate. 'Mokarar' implies multiple times (usually 3+). If you are just doing something for the second time, 'dobare' or 'mojaddadan' is much more natural. Using 'mokarar' for a single repetition sounds unnatural and overly dramatic, like saying 'I have repeatedly brushed my teeth' when you just did it for the second time today.

Incorrect: من مکرر به او سلام کردم (when only done twice).
Correct: من دوباره به او سلام کردم.

Pronunciation can also be a hurdle. The 'k' sound in 'mokarar' is doubled (tashdid), though it is not always written with the tashdid symbol (ّ). It should be pronounced with a slight hold on the 'k' sound: mo-kar-rar. Many learners pronounce it with a single 'k', which can make it sound like other unrelated words or simply like a mispronunciation.

Finally, be careful with the word's register. Using 'mokarar' in a very casual conversation with friends about something trivial might sound a bit 'stiff' or 'bookish'. While it's not 'wrong', a more colloquial choice like 'hey' (meaning 'constantly' or 'repeatedly' in slang) or 'ziyad' (much/often) might fit the vibe better. Use 'mokarar' when you want to sound precise, serious, or formal.

Register Check
Informal: هی زنگ می‌زنه (Hey zang mizane) - He keeps calling.
Formal: تماس‌های مکرر او (Tamas-haye mokarar-e u) - His repeated calls.

To truly master Persian, you need to know which 'repetition' word to use in which context. مکرر is just one of several options. Let's compare it to its closest relatives to see the subtle differences in meaning and usage.

مکرر (Mokarar) vs. پی‌درپی (Pey-dar-pey)
'Mokarar' means repeated, but 'Pey-dar-pey' means 'consecutive' or 'one after another'. Use 'Pey-dar-pey' for a sequence with no gaps (like three goals in five minutes). Use 'Mokarar' for things that happen many times over a longer period (like repeated visits over a month).
مکرر (Mokarar) vs. متوالی (Motavali)
'Motavali' is almost identical to 'Pey-dar-pey' but is even more formal. It is often used in math and statistics for 'consecutive numbers'. 'Mokarar' focuses on the act of repeating, while 'Motavali' focuses on the order of the events.

Another alternative is 'bazgashti' (returning/recurring). This is often used in technical or medical contexts, like a 'recurring' fever (tab-e bazgashti). While 'mokarar' could also be used here, 'bazgashti' emphasizes that the condition went away and then came back. 'Mokarar' just emphasizes the high frequency.

او بارها این کتاب را خوانده است.

Comparison: 'Barha' is the most common spoken alternative to 'Mokarar'.

In poetic or highly literary Persian, you might encounter 'mokarar' alongside 'mo'azaz' (honored and repeated). In traditional calligraphy, 'Siyah-mashq' involves 'mokarar' writing of letters to achieve aesthetic perfection. Here, the word takes on a positive, disciplined connotation, far from the 'repeated complaints' of the neighbors mentioned earlier.

Lastly, consider 'mojaddad' (renewed/again). This is used when an action is started over from the beginning. For example, 'tashkil-e mojaddad-e jalase' (re-convening the meeting). While 'mokarar' implies the meeting happened many times, 'mojaddad' implies this specific instance is a 're-do'. Knowing these distinctions will elevate your Persian from functional to fluent.

Summary of Alternatives
1. بارها (Barha) - Many times (Spoken)
2. پی‌درپی (Pey-dar-pey) - Successive
3. دوباره (Dobare) - Again (Simple)
4. مجدد (Mojaddad) - Renewed/Again (Formal)
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按水平分级的例句

1

او مکرر به مدرسه می‌رود.

He goes to school repeatedly (often).

Simple adjective use.

2

من مکرر آب می‌خورم.

I drink water repeatedly (frequently).

Used as an adverb here.

3

کتاب را مکرر بخوان.

Read the book repeatedly.

Imperative sentence.

4

او مکرر سلام می‌کند.

He says hello repeatedly.

Present continuous sense.

5

باران مکرر می‌بارد.

It rains repeatedly.

Describing weather.

6

او مکرر می‌خندد.

He laughs repeatedly.

Describing a habit.

7

ما مکرر بازی می‌کنیم.

We play repeatedly.

Subject-verb agreement.

8

چای مکرر بنوش.

Drink tea repeatedly.

Informal imperative.

1

او به دلیل اشتباهات مکرر نمره نگرفت.

He didn't get a grade due to repeated mistakes.

Adjective modifying 'errors'.

2

تلفن‌های مکرر او مرا خسته کرد.

His repeated phone calls tired me.

Plural noun with Ezafe.

3

او مکرراً به این رستوران می‌آید.

He repeatedly comes to this restaurant.

Adverb with tanvin.

4

سفر مکرر به شمال لذت‌بخش است.

Repeated travel to the north is enjoyable.

Gerund phrase.

5

او مکرر از من سوال می‌پرسد.

He asks me questions repeatedly.

Describing frequency.

6

تمرین مکرر باعث موفقیت می‌شود.

Repeated practice leads to success.

Abstract noun phrase.

7

او مکرر به ساعت نگاه می‌کرد.

He was looking at the clock repeatedly.

Past continuous sense.

8

نام او را مکرر شنیده‌ام.

I have heard his name repeatedly.

Present perfect tense.

1

درخواست‌های مکرر مردم برای بهبود جاده‌ها بی‌پاسخ ماند.

The people's repeated requests for road improvements remained unanswered.

Complex noun phrase.

2

او مکرراً تذکر داد که در کلاس صحبت نکنید.

He repeatedly warned not to talk in class.

Reporting speech.

3

علائم مکرر بیماری نشان‌دهنده نیاز به پزشک است.

Repeated symptoms of the illness indicate the need for a doctor.

Formal medical context.

4

او با تلاش‌های مکرر توانست در آزمون قبول شود.

With repeated efforts, he was able to pass the exam.

Prepositional phrase.

5

تغییرات مکرر در قوانین باعث سردرگمی شد.

Repeated changes in the laws caused confusion.

Abstract cause and effect.

6

او مکرر به من یادآوری کرد که کلید را بردارم.

He repeatedly reminded me to take the key.

Compound verb interaction.

7

شکست‌های مکرر او را ناامید نکرد.

Repeated failures did not discourage him.

Negative verb construction.

8

او مکرراً از حقوق خود دفاع می‌کند.

He repeatedly defends his rights.

Political/social context.

1

نقض مکرر قوانین راهنمایی و رانندگی منجر به ابطال گواهینامه می‌شود.

Repeated violation of traffic laws leads to the cancellation of the driver's license.

Formal legal terminology.

2

نویسنده در این کتاب از استعاره‌های مکرر استفاده کرده است.

The author has used repeated metaphors in this book.

Literary analysis context.

3

او مکرراً تاکید کرد که این پروژه باید تا فردا تمام شود.

He repeatedly emphasized that this project must be finished by tomorrow.

Subordinate clause with 'ke'.

4

برخوردهای مکرر دو تیم همیشه هیجان‌انگیز بوده است.

The repeated encounters of the two teams have always been exciting.

Sports/Competitive context.

5

او به دلیل مراجعات مکرر به بیمارستان تحت نظر است.

He is under observation due to repeated visits to the hospital.

Medical/Professional context.

6

این موضوع مکرراً در جلسات هیئت مدیره مطرح شده است.

This issue has been repeatedly raised in board meetings.

Passive voice construction.

7

نوسانات مکرر بازار ارز باعث نگرانی بازرگانان شده است.

Repeated fluctuations in the currency market have caused concern for merchants.

Economic context.

8

او با وجود هشدارهای مکرر، به راه خود ادامه داد.

Despite repeated warnings, he continued on his path.

Concessive phrase with 'ba vojud-e'.

1

توالی مکرر حوادث تاریخی نشان‌دهنده الگوهای رفتاری بشر است.

The repeated sequence of historical events indicates patterns of human behavior.

Philosophical/Academic tone.

2

او در سخنرانی خود مکرراً به مفاهیم آزادی و عدالت گریز زد.

In his speech, he repeatedly alluded to concepts of freedom and justice.

Sophisticated vocabulary ('goriz zadan').

3

استفاده مکرر از واژگان بیگانه باعث تضعیف زبان مادری می‌شود.

The repeated use of foreign vocabulary weakens the mother tongue.

Linguistic critique.

4

او مکرراً تلاش کرد تا بین دو جناح متخاصم میانجی‌گری کند.

He repeatedly tried to mediate between the two hostile factions.

Diplomatic context.

5

بازتولید مکرر این کلیشه‌ها در رسانه‌ها نگران‌کننده است.

The repeated reproduction of these stereotypes in the media is concerning.

Sociological analysis.

6

او مکرر به این نکته اشاره کرد که توسعه پایدار نیازمند همکاری است.

He repeatedly pointed out that sustainable development requires cooperation.

Global policy context.

7

تحریکات مکرر در مرزها می‌تواند منجر به جنگ شود.

Repeated provocations at the borders can lead to war.

Geopolitical context.

8

او با مراجعات مکرر به منابع دست اول، صحت ادعای خود را ثابت کرد.

By repeatedly referring to primary sources, he proved the validity of his claim.

Scholarly research context.

1

واکاوی مکرر متون کلاسیک لایه‌های پنهانی از معنا را آشکار می‌سازد.

The repeated analysis of classical texts reveals hidden layers of meaning.

High-level literary criticism.

2

او مکرراً بر این باور پای فشرد که حقیقت امری نسبی است.

He repeatedly insisted on the belief that truth is a relative matter.

Philosophical discourse.

3

تکرار مکرر یک خطا در سیستم‌های پیچیده می‌تواند فاجعه‌بار باشد.

The repeated repetition (redundancy) of an error in complex systems can be catastrophic.

Technical/Systemic analysis.

4

او مکرراً در آثارش به زوال ارزش‌های اخلاقی در جامعه مدرن می‌پردازد.

He repeatedly addresses the decline of moral values in modern society in his works.

Artistic/Thematic analysis.

5

مداخلات مکرر قدرت‌های بزرگ در امور داخلی کشورها صلح را تهدید می‌کند.

Repeated interventions by great powers in the internal affairs of countries threaten peace.

International relations theory.

6

او مکرر به این پارادوکس اشاره می‌کند که آزادی بیش از حد منجر به اسارت می‌شود.

He repeatedly points to the paradox that excessive freedom leads to captivity.

Paradoxical reasoning.

7

تجربه مکرر شکست‌های ساختاری نیازمند بازنگری بنیادین در سیستم است.

The repeated experience of structural failures requires a fundamental review of the system.

Political/Organizational reform.

8

او مکرراً از این منظر به مسئله نگریسته است که هنر بازتابی از ناخودآگاه است.

He has repeatedly looked at the issue from the perspective that art is a reflection of the unconscious.

Psychological/Artistic theory.

常见搭配

اشتباهات مکرر
هشدارهای مکرر
تماس‌های مکرر
درخواست مکرر
غیبت مکرر
شکست مکرر
سفرهای مکرر
تمرینات مکرر
نقض مکرر
مراجعات مکرر

常用短语

به طور مکرر

— In a repeated manner; frequently.

او به طور مکرر از این کلمه استفاده می‌کند.

بارها و مکرر

— Many times and repeatedly (emphatic).

بارها و مکرر به او گفتم که مراقب باشد.

تکرار مکررات

— Repeating things that have already been said/done (often negative).

حرف‌های او فقط تکرار مکررات بود.

مکرراً تذکر دادن

— To warn repeatedly.

استاد مکرراً تذکر داد که دیر نیایید.

مکرراً تاکید کردن

— To emphasize repeatedly.

او مکرراً بر اهمیت آموزش تاکید کرد.

مکرراً پرسیدن

— To ask repeatedly.

بچه مکرراً می‌پرسید: 'کی می‌رسیم؟'

مکرراً دیدن

— To see repeatedly.

من این صحنه را مکرراً در خواب دیده‌ام.

مکرراً شنیدن

— To hear repeatedly.

این آهنگ را مکرراً از رادیو شنیده‌ام.

مکرراً اتفاق افتادن

— To happen repeatedly.

این مشکل مکرراً اتفاق می‌افتد.

مکرراً مراجعه کردن

— To visit/refer to repeatedly.

او مکرراً به پزشک مراجعه کرد.

习语与表达

"تکرار مکررات"

— Repeating things that are already known or have been said many times (often boring/useless).

جلسه امروز فقط تکرار مکررات بود.

Neutral/Formal
"هزار بار مکرر"

— A hyperbolic way to say 'repeated a thousand times'.

هزار بار مکرر به تو گفتم که با او حرف نزن.

Informal/Poetic
"مکرر در مکرر"

— Over and over again (very emphatic).

او مکرر در مکرر اشتباه کرد.

Literary
"دوباره و مکرر"

— Again and repeatedly.

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