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منقرض

B1 adjective #7,500 最常用 8分钟阅读

منقرض

mongharez 前7,500

开始练习例句笔记与提示 منقرض 30秒了解

解析 منقرض in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'mongharez' frequently, but you should recognize it when talking about animals like dinosaurs. Think of it as a special word for 'no more' or 'gone forever' for groups of animals. If you see a picture of a dinosaur in a Persian book, the text will likely use this word. You can remember it by associating it with the English word 'extinct'. Just remember: one cat can be 'dead', but all dinosaurs are 'mongharez'. It is a big word for a big concept: when a whole family of animals disappears from the world. At this stage, just focus on the sentence: 'Dinosaurs are mongharez.'

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'mongharez' in basic sentences about nature and history. You should know that it usually goes with the verb 'shodan' (to become). You might use it to talk about famous animals from the past. You can also start to understand the difference between 'mordeh' (dead) for one person/animal and 'mongharez' (extinct) for a whole kind of animal. In your studies, you might see this word in simple stories about the environment. For example: 'Many animals are becoming mongharez because they have no home.' It helps you talk about the world in a slightly more serious way than just using 'not here'.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'mongharez' and its noun form 'engherāz' (extinction) accurately. You are expected to discuss environmental issues, such as endangered species (گونه‌های در خطر انقراض). You should also be able to use the word in a historical context to describe the end of a dynasty or an empire. For instance, when discussing Iranian history, you can say 'The Qajar dynasty became mongharez in 1925.' You should understand that this word is formal and appropriate for school essays, news articles, and documentaries. You are moving beyond simple descriptions to explaining permanent changes in the world and history.

At the B2 level, you should use 'mongharez' with nuance, understanding its scientific and formal implications. You should be comfortable using it in passive and active constructions, such as 'Human activities are making species mongharez.' You can also use it to describe the extinction of languages or cultures. At this level, you should be able to participate in debates about conservation and use 'mongharez' to emphasize the finality of biological loss. You should also recognize the word in complex historical texts where it describes the 'extinction' of political rights or lineages. Your vocabulary should now distinguish clearly between 'mongharez' (extinct), 'mansukh' (obsolete), and 'nābud' (destroyed).

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At the C1 level, 'mongharez' becomes a tool for sophisticated analysis. You can use it metaphorically in literature or high-level journalism to describe the 'extinction' of ideas, eras, or social classes. You should understand the etymology (from Arabic) and how it fits into the broader Persian vocabulary of loss and termination. You can use it in academic papers about biology, sociology, or history. For example, you might analyze why certain dialects become 'mongharez' in the face of globalization. Your usage should be flawless, correctly identifying when to use the adjective 'mongharez' versus the noun 'engherāz' in complex, multi-clause sentences.

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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'mongharez'. You can appreciate its use in classical and modern literature, and you can use it to discuss philosophical concepts like the 'extinction' of the self or the permanent loss of historical memory. You understand the subtle differences in register between 'mongharez shod' and more poetic alternatives like 'az miyān raft'. You can use the word in professional fields like law (extinction of obligations) or advanced evolutionary biology. You are also able to catch wordplay or irony involving the word in political satire, where a politician might be compared to a 'mongharez' species. Your command of the word reflects a deep understanding of Persian's formal and scientific layers.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

منقرض 30秒了解

Mongharez means extinct or vanished forever.
It is used for animals, languages, and royal dynasties.
It usually pairs with the verb 'shodan' (to become).
It is a formal word used in science and history.

The Persian word منقرض (pronounced 'mongharez') is a powerful adjective used to describe something that has completely ceased to exist, typically in a biological, historical, or linguistic sense. In its most common application, it refers to biological extinction. When a species of animal or plant no longer has any living members on Earth, we say that species is mongharez. For example, the Caspian Tiger, once a majestic inhabitant of northern Iran, is now considered mongharez. Beyond biology, the word is frequently used in historical contexts to describe the end of a ruling dynasty. When the Safavid or Sassanid empires fell and their lineage of power ended, those dynasties became mongharez. It conveys a sense of finality and permanent loss that other words like 'finished' or 'ended' do not fully capture.

Biological Context: Used for species like dinosaurs (دایناسورها) or the Dodo bird that have no living individuals left.

بسیاری از حیوانات به دلیل شکار بی‌رویه منقرض شده‌اند. (Many animals have become extinct due to excessive hunting.)

In a more metaphorical or cultural sense, منقرض can describe languages that are no longer spoken by any living person (زبان‌های منقرض شده) or traditions that have completely vanished from modern society. It is a formal word, originating from Arabic, and carries a weight of academic or scientific authority. You will encounter it in textbooks, documentaries, and news reports regarding the environment or archaeology. It is rarely used for temporary absences; if you can't find your keys, you wouldn't say they are mongharez, as that would imply every key of that kind has vanished from the universe forever. It is the word of 'never again.'

Historical Context: Used to describe the total collapse and disappearance of a royal family's rule, such as the Qajar dynasty.

سلسله‌ی ساسانیان پس از حمله اعراب منقرض گشت. (The Sassanid dynasty became extinct/vanished after the Arab invasion.)

Understanding the gravity of منقرض helps Persian learners appreciate the environmental and historical concerns within Iranian culture. For instance, the Asiatic Cheetah is currently 'at risk of extinction' (در خطر انقراض), a phrase that appears daily in Iranian environmental activism. By using this word, you are engaging with serious topics of preservation and legacy. It is not just about death; it is about the end of a category of life or power.

Grammatically, منقرض functions as a predicative adjective, usually following the subject it describes and preceding a form of the verb shodan (to become). Because extinction is a state that is reached, the past tense shod (became) or the present perfect shodeh ast (has become) are the most frequent pairings. For example, 'The mammoth became extinct' translates to 'ماموت منقرض شد'. If you want to talk about the threat of extinction, you use the noun form engherāz (انقراض) in phrases like 'dar khate-re engherāz' (in danger of extinction).

Common Verb Pairings: منقرض شدن (to become extinct), منقرض کردن (to make extinct/wipe out), در حال منقرض شدن (in the process of becoming extinct).

دانشمندان نگران هستند که این گیاه به زودی منقرض شود. (Scientists are worried that this plant might soon become extinct.)

When discussing dynasties, the word acts as a marker of historical transition. It is formal and precise. You wouldn't use it for a business going bankrupt unless you were being very dramatic or comparing the business to a fallen empire. In complex sentences, منقرض can be modified by adverbs like 'kam-kam' (gradually) or 'be koli' (completely). For instance, 'The local dialect is gradually becoming extinct' (گویش محلی کم‌کم در حال منقرض شدن است). Note that the word is always singular in form even if the subject is plural, as it describes the state of the group.

فعالیت‌های انسانی باعث منقرض شدن گونه‌های کمیاب می‌شود. (Human activities cause the extinction of rare species.)

In academic writing, you might see it used to describe the 'extinction of a right' in legal terms, though this is specialized. For a general learner, focus on its use with 'animals' (heyvānāt), 'languages' (zabān-hā), and 'dynasties' (selseleh-hā). It is a 'high-level' word that makes your Persian sound sophisticated and educated. Using 'tamoom shod' (it finished) for a species sounds childish; 'mongharez shod' sounds like a documentary narrator.

You will most frequently encounter منقرض in educational media and environmental discourse. If you watch the Persian service of National Geographic or documentaries on the IRIB (Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting), you will hear this word whenever the narrator discusses the history of the earth or the plight of endangered animals like the Persian Leopard. It is a staple of the 'Environmental' (Mohit-e Zist) section of Iranian newspapers like 'Etemad' or 'Hamshahri'.

In Museums: Placards in the Museum of Natural History in Tehran use 'mongharez' to label fossils and specimens of animals that no longer exist.

در اخبار شنیدم که ببر مازندران سال‌ها پیش منقرض شده است. (I heard in the news that the Mazandaran tiger became extinct years ago.)

History classrooms are another primary location for this word. When Iranian students learn about the transition from the Qajar era to the Pahlavi era, the teacher explains how the Qajar dynasty was 'mongharez' (dissolved/ended). In this context, it isn't about death in a biological sense, but the legal and political 'extinction' of a family's right to rule. Furthermore, in literature, poets might use it metaphorically to describe a lost era of chivalry or a 'vanished' way of life, though this is more stylistic. If you are discussing climate change with an Iranian friend, using 'engherāz' (the noun) and 'mongharez' (the adjective) will allow you to participate in a serious, adult conversation about the future of the planet.

اگر مراقب نباشیم، یوزپلنگ ایرانی منقرض خواهد شد. (If we are not careful, the Iranian cheetah will become extinct.)

Finally, you might hear it in intellectual podcasts discussing 'extinct languages' (zabān-hā-ye mongharez shodeh) like Avestan or Old Persian. It implies that while the language is studied, it has no native speakers left. In all these cases, the word signals that the topic is one of significance, history, and irreversible change.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make when using منقرض is confusing it with the simple word for 'dead' (mordeh). While both imply a lack of life, 'mordeh' is used for individuals, whereas mongharez is used for entire groups or lineages. You can say 'The cat is dead' (Gorbe mordeh ast), but you cannot say 'The cat is extinct' (Gorbe mongharez ast) unless you mean the entire species of cats has vanished from the earth. Using mongharez for a person who has passed away is a significant category error and would sound very strange or even unintentionally funny to a native speaker.

Mongharez vs. Nabood: Nabood (destroyed/non-existent) is more general. Mongharez is specifically for the end of a biological or dynastic line.

اشتباه: پدربزرگم منقرض شد. (Wrong: My grandfather became extinct.)

Another common mistake is misusing the noun and adjective forms. Learners often say 'species is extinction' instead of 'species is extinct.' Remember that منقرض is the adjective (extinct) and انقراض is the noun (extinction). So, you should say 'khatar-e engherāz' (danger of extinction) but 'heyvān-e mongharez shodeh' (extinct animal). Additionally, some learners confuse it with 'monfajer' (exploded) because they sound slightly similar to a beginner's ear, but their meanings are worlds apart!

درست: دایناسورها منقرض شده‌اند. (Correct: Dinosaurs have become extinct.)

Lastly, be careful with the register. While mongharez is perfect for a paper or a formal discussion, in very casual slang, people sometimes use it to describe someone who is extremely 'old-fashioned' or 'outdated' (like a dinosaur), but this is metaphorical and should be used cautiously by learners to avoid sounding disrespectful. Stick to its scientific and historical roots until you are very comfortable with Persian nuances.

While منقرض is the most precise word for 'extinct,' there are several other words that cover similar ground depending on the context. If you want to say something has simply 'disappeared,' you might use nāpadid (ناپدید). However, nāpadid implies you just can't see it right now, whereas mongharez implies it is gone forever. If you are talking about a civilization that was 'wiped out' or 'destroyed,' you would use nābud (نابود). Nābud is more violent and active; mongharez is more about the finality of the lineage.

Mongharez vs. Az Bein Rafteh: 'Az bein rafteh' is a common Persian phrase meaning 'gone' or 'ruined.' It is less formal than mongharez.

تمدن‌های باستانی زیادی از میان رفته‌اند، اما لزوماً منقرض نشده‌اند. (Many ancient civilizations have passed away/vanished, but aren't necessarily extinct.)

For languages, you might hear the term mordeh (dead), as in 'zabān-e mordeh' (dead language), which is a direct translation of the English concept. However, 'zabān-e mongharez shodeh' is the more academic way to state it. If you are talking about a custom or tradition that is no longer practiced, you could use mansukh (منسوخ), which means 'obsolete' or 'abolished.' For example, an old law is mansukh, not mongharez. Choosing the right word depends on whether you are talking about biology (mongharez), laws (mansukh), or physical destruction (nābud).

این قانون قدیمی اکنون منسوخ شده است. (This old law is now obsolete/abolished.)

In summary, while Persian offers several ways to describe things that are no longer here, منقرض remains the king of scientific and historical finality. It connects you to the discourse of history and biology in a way that simpler words cannot. When you use it, you signal that you are discussing the permanent end of a specific type of life or power structure.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The root also gives us the word 'gharz' (debt) in Persian, because a debt is something 'cut off' from your wealth until paid.

发音指南

UK /mon.ɢæ.rez/

US /moʊn.ɡæ.rez/

The stress is typically on the last syllable: mon-gha-REZ.

押韵词

معترض (mo'tarez - protesting) منقبض (monghabez - contracted) مرتض (mortaz - trained/disciplined) غرض (gharaz - purpose/grudge) مرض (maraz - disease) فرض (farz - assumption) قرض (gharz - debt) عرض (arz - width)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'gh' as a hard 'g' like in 'go'. It should be more raspy.
Stressing the first syllable.
Confusing the vowels, especially the 'a' in 'gha'.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Common in news and books, but requires knowledge of the 'gh' sound.

写作 4/5

Spelling with 'ghayn' (ق) and 'zad' (ض) can be tricky for beginners.

口语 3/5

Requires clear pronunciation of the Persian uvular 'gh'.

听力 3/5

Easy to recognize in documentaries due to its distinct sound.

接下来学什么

前置知识

حیوان تاریخ شدن مرگ تمام

接下来学习

محیط زیست حفاظت سلسله باستان تنوع زیستی

高级

فسیل تکامل ژنتیک دیرینه‌شناسی انحلال

需要掌握的语法

Passive voice with 'shodan'

منقرض شد (It became extinct).

Adjective placement

حیوانِ منقرض شده (The extinct animal).

Compound verbs

منقرض کردن (To make extinct).

Noun derivation

انقراض (The act of becoming extinct).

Subjunctive with worry

نگرانم که منقرض شود.

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按水平分级的例句

دایناسورها منقرض شده‌اند.

Dinosaurs have become extinct.

Subject + Adjective + Verb

این حیوان منقرض است.

This animal is extinct.

Simple present state

آیا ماموت منقرض شده است؟

Has the mammoth become extinct?

Question form with present perfect

ببر مازندران منقرض شد.

The Mazandaran tiger became extinct.

Simple past tense

آن‌ها دیگر نیستند، آن‌ها منقرض شدند.

They are no longer here; they became extinct.

Compound sentence

حیوانات قدیمی منقرض هستند.

Old animals are extinct.

Plural subject

منقرض یعنی تمام شده.

Extinct means finished.

Definition sentence

چرا دایناسور منقرض شد؟

Why did the dinosaur become extinct?

Interrogative 'cherā'

بسیاری از پرندگان در حال منقرض شدن هستند.

Many birds are in the process of becoming extinct.

Continuous aspect

ما نباید اجازه دهیم حیوانات منقرض شوند.

We should not let animals become extinct.

Subjunctive mood

این گل زیبا سال گذشته منقرض شد.

This beautiful flower became extinct last year.

Time adverbial

نسل این ماهی منقرض شده است.

The generation (species) of this fish has become extinct.

Noun 'nasl' as subject

او درباره حیوانات منقرض شده کتاب می‌خواند.

He reads books about extinct animals.

Adjective modifying a noun

دودو یک پرنده منقرض شده است.

The dodo is an extinct bird.

Classification sentence

آیا این گیاه منقرض شده است؟

Has this plant become extinct?

Perfect tense question

حیوانات جنگل ممکن است منقرض شوند.

Forest animals might become extinct.

Modal 'momken ast'

اگر از محیط زیست محافظت نکنیم، گونه‌های بیشتری منقرض می‌شوند.

If we don't protect the environment, more species will become extinct.

Conditional sentence type 1

سلسله‌ی قاجار در سال ۱۳۰۴ منقرض شد.

The Qajar dynasty was dissolved/became extinct in 1925.

Historical usage

دانشمندان سعی دارند حیوانات منقرض شده را دوباره زنده کنند.

Scientists are trying to bring extinct animals back to life.

Infinitive phrase

تغییرات اقلیمی باعث منقرض شدن بسیاری از موجودات شده است.

Climate change has caused the extinction of many creatures.

Causative construction

این زبان باستانی قرن‌ها پیش منقرض گشت.

This ancient language became extinct centuries ago.

Formal verb 'gasht' instead of 'shod'

شکار غیرقانونی دلیلی برای منقرض شدن حیوانات است.

Illegal hunting is a reason for animals becoming extinct.

Gerund-like usage of 'shodan'

بعضی از فرهنگ‌ها در خطر منقرض شدن هستند.

Some cultures are in danger of becoming extinct.

Metaphorical usage

موزه تاریخ طبیعی پر از حیوانات منقرض شده است.

The natural history museum is full of extinct animals.

Prepositional phrase

تخریب زیستگاه‌ها عامل اصلی منقرض شدن گونه‌های گیاهی است.

Habitat destruction is the main factor in the extinction of plant species.

Complex subject phrase

با انقراض این سلسله، دوران جدیدی در تاریخ ایران آغاز شد.

With the extinction of this dynasty, a new era began in Iranian history.

Noun form 'engherāz'

برخی معتقدند که زبان‌های محلی به تدریج منقرض خواهند شد.

Some believe that local languages will gradually become extinct.

Future tense with 'khāhand'

فعالیت‌های صنعتی می‌تواند منجر به منقرض شدن موجودات دریایی شود.

Industrial activities can lead to the extinction of marine creatures.

Compound verb 'monjar shodan'

او تمام عمرش را صرف مطالعه پرندگان منقرض شده کرد.

He spent his entire life studying extinct birds.

Relative clause implied

احتمال منقرض شدن این گونه بسیار زیاد است.

The probability of this species becoming extinct is very high.

Abstract noun subject

چگونه می‌توانیم از منقرض شدن حیوانات جلوگیری کنیم؟

How can we prevent animals from becoming extinct?

Infinitive as object of preposition

این تمدن بزرگ به دلیل خشکسالی منقرض شد.

This great civilization became extinct due to drought.

Causal 'be dalil-e'

انقراض دسته‌جمعی گونه‌ها تهدیدی جدی برای بقای سیاره زمین است.

Mass extinction of species is a serious threat to the survival of planet Earth.

Noun-noun compounding

بسیاری از آداب و رسوم قدیمی در جوامع مدرن منقرض شده‌اند.

Many old customs and traditions have become extinct in modern societies.

Sociological metaphor

تحلیل دلایل منقرض شدن سلسله‌های پادشاهی نیازمند دانش تاریخی عمیقی است.

Analyzing the reasons for the extinction of royal dynasties requires deep historical knowledge.

Gerund phrase as subject

زبان‌های منقرض شده گنجینه‌هایی از دانش بشری هستند که دیگر در دسترس نیستند.

Extinct languages are treasures of human knowledge that are no longer accessible.

Complex relative clause

رشد بی‌رویه جمعیت می‌تواند باعث منقرض شدن منابع طبیعی شود.

Uncontrolled population growth can cause the 'extinction' (depletion) of natural resources.

Metaphorical usage

او در رساله‌اش به بررسی گونه‌های منقرض شده در دوران کرتاسه پرداخت.

In his thesis, he examined the extinct species of the Cretaceous period.

Academic register

پدیده انقراض نه تنها یک واقعه بیولوژیکی، بلکه یک فاجعه فرهنگی است.

The phenomenon of extinction is not only a biological event but also a cultural catastrophe.

Correlative conjunction 'na tanhā... balke'

حفاظت از تنوع زیستی برای جلوگیری از منقرض شدن موجودات ضروری است.

Protecting biodiversity is essential to prevent the extinction of creatures.

Formal necessity 'zaruri ast'

منقرض شدن یک زبان به معنای مرگ یک جهان‌بینی و یک شیوه تفکر است.

The extinction of a language means the death of a worldview and a way of thinking.

Philosophical equivalence

در این مقاله، نویسنده به نقد سیاست‌هایی می‌پردازد که منجر به منقرض شدن خرده‌فرهنگ‌ها می‌شود.

In this article, the author criticizes policies that lead to the extinction of subcultures.

Complex prepositional structure

انقراض سلسله صفویه نقطه عطفی در تاریخ سیاسی و مذهبی ایران محسوب می‌شود.

The extinction of the Safavid dynasty is considered a turning point in Iran's political and religious history.

Passive construction 'mahsoub mishavad'

بیم آن می‌رود که با گسترش تکنولوژی، بسیاری از مشاغل سنتی منقرض گردند.

There is a fear that with the expansion of technology, many traditional jobs will become extinct.

Formal 'bim-e ān miravad' (it is feared)

او با نگاهی هستی‌شناسانه به مفهوم منقرض شدن در طبیعت می‌نگرد.

He looks at the concept of extinction in nature from an ontological perspective.

Adverbial 'negāhi hasti-shenāsāne'

پیچیدگی‌های اکوسیستم به گونه‌ای است که انقراض یک حشره کوچک می‌تواند کل زنجیره را مختل کند.

The complexities of the ecosystem are such that the extinction of a small insect can disrupt the entire chain.

Result clause 'be gūne-i ast ke'

بسیاری از متون کهن به دلیل منقرض شدن گویش‌های محلی دیگر قابل درک نیستند.

Many ancient texts are no longer understandable due to the extinction of local dialects.

Causal 'be dalil-e'

تلاش برای بازگرداندن گونه‌های منقرض شده پرسش‌های اخلاقی عمیقی را برمی‌انگیزد.

Attempts to de-extinct species raise profound ethical questions.

Gerund subject with complex object

常见搭配

منقرض شدن

در خطر انقراض

نسل منقرض شده

سلسله منقرض شده

زبان منقرض شده

به کلی منقرض شدن

عامل انقراض

پیشگیری از انقراض

انقراض دسته‌جمعی

منقرض گشتن

常用短语

حیوان منقرض شده

— An animal that no longer exists.

ماموت یک حیوان منقرض شده است.

خطر انقراض

— The threat of becoming extinct.

بسیاری از حیوانات با خطر انقراض روبرو هستند.

منقرض کردن نسل

— To wipe out a generation/lineage.

جنگ نسل‌های زیادی را منقرض کرد.

دوران انقراض

— The period during which extinction happened.

دوران انقراض دایناسورها.

گونه‌های در حال انقراض

— Species that are currently going extinct.

ما باید از گونه‌های در حال انقراض حمایت کنیم.

انقراض تدریجی

— Extinction that happens slowly over time.

انقراض تدریجی تمدن‌های باستان.

علت انقراض

— The reason why something became extinct.

علت انقراض این پرنده چیست؟

فهرست گونه‌های منقرض شده

— A list of extinct species.

نام این گیاه در فهرست گونه‌های منقرض شده است.

انقراض بیولوژیکی

— Biological extinction.

انقراض بیولوژیکی یک فرآیند طبیعی است.

جلوگیری از انقراض

— Preventing extinction.

جلوگیری از انقراض وظیفه ماست.

容易混淆的词

منقرض vs مردده (mordeh)

Mordeh is for one body; mongharez is for a whole type.

منقرض vs منسوخ (mansukh)

Mansukh is for laws/customs; mongharez is for life/dynasties.

منقرض vs ناپدید (nāpadid)

Nāpadid is 'missing' (maybe temporarily); mongharez is 'gone forever'.

习语与表达

"مثل دایناسور منقرض شدن"

— To become completely obsolete or out of date.

این تکنولوژی مثل دایناسور منقرض شده است.

Informal

"نسلش منقرض شدن"

— To have no descendants left; to be the last of one's kind.

با مرگ او، نسل این خانواده منقرض شد.

Neutral

"نامش منقرض شدن"

— For one's name/memory to be forgotten forever.

او می‌ترسید نامش در تاریخ منقرض شود.

Literary

"رسمی را منقرض کردن"

— To put an end to a custom forever.

آن‌ها این رسم قدیمی را منقرض کردند.

Formal

"بوی انقراض دادن"

— To be on the verge of disappearing or failing.

این شرکت بوی انقراض می‌دهد.

Slang

"در غبار تاریخ منقرض شدن"

— To vanish into the mists of history.

بسیاری از شهرها در غبار تاریخ منقرض شدند.

Literary

"منقرض‌العصر"

— Someone who belongs to a past age and is out of place now.

او یک پیرمرد منقرض‌العصر است.

Informal/Humorous

"حقش منقرض شد"

— His right (legal) was terminated.

پس از ده سال، حق او منقرض شد.

Legal

"فکر منقرض"

— An extinct or completely outdated idea.

این یک فکر منقرض است.

Informal

"انقراض سلسله"

— The end of a family line's power.

انقراض سلسله پهلوی.

Historical

容易混淆

منقرض vs منفجر (monfajer)

Sounds similar.

Monfajer means exploded; mongharez means extinct.

بمب منفجر شد vs دایناسور منقرض شد.

منقرض vs منقبض (monghabez)

Both start with 'mon-'.

Monghabez means contracted/squeezed; mongharez means extinct.

عضله منقبض شد.

منقرض vs منفصل (monfasil)

Formal 'mon-' prefix.

Monfasil means detached or separated.

دو بخش از هم منفصل هستند.

منقرض vs منقضی (monghazi)

Very similar spelling and sound.

Monghazi means 'expired' (like food or a passport). Mongharez is for extinction.

تاریخ پاسپورت منقضی شده است.

منقرض vs منقطع (monghate')

Formal 'mon-' prefix.

Monghate' means interrupted or cut off (like a sound).

صدای تلفن منقطع بود.

句型

[Subject] mongharez shod.

Dinosaur mongharez shod.

[Subject] dar hāl-e mongharez shodan ast.

In parandeh dar hāl-e mongharez shodan ast.

Agar [Condition], [Subject] mongharez mishavad.

Agar shekār konim, heyvān mongharez mishavad.

[Cause] bāes-e mongharez shodan-e [Object] shod.

Āloudagi bāes-e mongharez shodan-e māhi-hā shod.

Engherāz-e [Subject] monjar be [Effect] shod.

Engherāz-e sāsāniān monjar be taghyirāt-e bozorg shod.

Bim-e ān miravad ke [Subject] mongharez gardad.

Bim-e ān miravad ke in farhang mongharez gardad.

[Subject] be dalil-e [Reason] mongharez shod.

In gūneh be dalil-e sarmā mongharez shod.

Jologiri az mongharez shodan-e [Subject].

Jologiri az mongharez shodan-e palang.

词族

名词

انقراض (engherāz) - extinction

动词

منقرض شدن (mongharez shodan) - to become extinct

منقرض کردن (mongharez kardan) - to make extinct

形容词

منقرض (mongharez) - extinct

如何使用

frequency

High in educational and news contexts.

常见错误

دایناسورها مرده‌اند. → دایناسورها منقرض شده‌اند.
While they are dead, 'mongharez' is the correct scientific term for a species.
پاسپورتم منقرض شده است. → پاسپورتم منقضی شده است.
Passports 'expire' (monghazi), they don't go 'extinct' (mongharez).
او منقرض شد. → او مرد.
You cannot use 'mongharez' for a single person.
انقراض حیوانات. → منقرض شدن حیوانات. (or انقراضِ حیوانات)
Be careful with the 'ezafe' if using the noun form.
آتش منقرض شد. → آتش خاموش شد.
Fire is extinguished (khamoush), not extinct.

小贴士

Verb Agreement

Even if the subject is plural (like dinosaurs), 'mongharez' stays in its base form.

The 'GH' Sound

Practice the 'gh' (ق) sound from the back of your throat to sound authentic.

History vs Biology

Use this word to impress your history teacher when talking about fallen kings.

The Letter 'Zad'

Remember it ends with 'ض' (zad), not 'ز' (ze) or 'ذ' (zal).

Environmentalism

This is a key word for environmental activism in Iran.

Using it for Tech

You can use it for old tech like 'CD players' to be funny.

Rights

In law, it means the termination of a right or period.

Monghazi vs Mongharez

Don't confuse it with 'monghazi' (expired). Extinct vs Expired!

Formal Writing

Always use 'mongharez' in essays instead of 'az bein rafteh'.

Documentary Keyword

When you hear this word, you know the topic is about the past or the environment.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Mongharez' as 'Moon-Gone-Res'. Like the moon disappearing forever, something mongharez is gone.

视觉联想

Visualize a dinosaur skeleton in a museum with a big red stamp that says 'MON-GHA-REZ'.

Word Web

Dinosaur Extinct Dynasty History Biology Vanished End Final

挑战

Try to name three animals that are mongharez and three that are 'dar khatar-e engherāz' (in danger of extinction) in Persian.

词源

Derived from the Arabic root ق-ر-ض (q-r-d), which relates to cutting, severing, or borrowing/paying back.

原始含义： In Arabic, 'munqarid' means something that is cut off or has come to an end.

Semitic root, adapted into Persian academic and formal vocabulary.

文化背景

Be careful when using it metaphorically for people or cultures, as it implies they are completely gone and irrelevant.

English speakers use 'extinct' primarily for biology; Persian uses 'mongharez' equally for biology and royal history.

The extinction of the Sassanid Empire (انقراض ساسانیان). The extinction of the Caspian Tiger (ببر مازندران). Documentaries by Mohammad-Ali Inanloo about Iranian nature.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Biology Class

انتخاب طبیعی
تنوع گونه‌ها
زیستگاه
فرآیند انقراض

History Museum

آثار باستانی
سلسله‌های پادشاهی
دوران پیش از تاریخ
بقایای منقرض شده

Environmental News

گرمایش زمین
شکار غیرقانونی
مناطق حفاظت شده
حیوانات در خطر

Linguistic Study

زبان مادری
گویش‌های محلی
احیای زبان
مرگ زبان

Archeology

حفاری
کشف فسیل
تمدن‌های گمشده
شواهد انقراض

对话开场白

"به نظر شما چرا دایناسورها منقرض شدند؟"

"کدام حیوان ایرانی در خطر منقرض شدن است؟"

"آیا فکر می‌کنید زبان‌های محلی منقرض خواهند شد؟"

"چگونه می‌توانیم از منقرض شدن جنگل‌ها جلوگیری کنیم؟"

"کدام سلسله تاریخی ایران برای شما جالب‌تر است که منقرض شده؟"

日记主题

درباره یک حیوان منقرض شده که دوست داشتید ببینید بنویسید.

اگر می‌توانستید جلوی منقرض شدن یک چیز را در دنیا بگیرید، آن چه بود؟

آیا تکنولوژی باعث منقرض شدن عادت‌های خوب قدیمی شده است؟ توضیح دهید.

توصیف کنید که جهان بدون حیوانات منقرض شده چگونه می‌بود.

درباره اهمیت حفظ زبان‌های در حال انقراض بنویسید.

常见问题

10 个问题

No, that would be incorrect and sound very strange. Use 'mordeh' or 'fot shodeh' for people.

It is of Arabic origin but is the standard word used in Persian for extinction.

Engherāz is the noun (extinction), and mongharez is the adjective (extinct).

Only metaphorically. It's better to use 'var-shekasteh' (bankrupt) or 'basteh shodeh' (closed).

You say 'dar khatar-e engherāz' (literally: in danger of extinction).

No, for fire use 'khamoush shodan'.

Yes, 'zabān-e mongharez shodeh' is the correct term for a dead/extinct language.

Yes, it is very common in school books and news.

It almost always takes 'shodan' (to become).

People might say 'naslesh az bein raft' (its generation vanished).

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