用你的语言查看此页面

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

Português

हिन्दी

首页
学习
波斯语
词汇
مصرفی

B2 adjective 10分钟阅读

مصرفی

masrafi

开始练习例句笔记与提示 مصرفی 30秒了解

解析 مصرفی in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'مصرفی' (masrafi) is a bit advanced, but you might see it in very simple contexts like shopping. Think of it as 'things you use up.' For example, 'آب مصرفی' (water you use). You don't need to know the complex economic grammar yet. Just remember it describes items like food, water, or soap that don't last forever. It usually comes after the noun. If you see it on a bill, it just means 'what you used.'

免费注册阅读完整解释

At the A2 level, you start to see 'مصرفی' in daily life categories. You might learn 'مواد مصرفی' (consumable materials) when talking about office supplies or 'کالاهای مصرفی' (consumer goods) at the supermarket. You should be able to recognize it in short sentences about buying things. It's an adjective that helps you group items. For example, 'این‌ها وسایل مصرفی هستند' (These are consumable items). You are beginning to distinguish between things you keep (like a house) and things you use up (like milk).

免费注册阅读完整解释

At the B1 level, you use 'مصرفی' to discuss lifestyle and basic economics. You can talk about 'برق مصرفی' (electricity consumption) and how to reduce it. You understand the phrase 'یکبار مصرف' (single-use) and can use it to talk about environmental issues like plastic waste. You are comfortable with the Ezafe construction (kâlâ-ye masrafi). You can read simple news headlines about the price of 'consumer goods' and understand that it refers to the things people buy every day.

免费注册阅读完整解释

At the B2 level, 'مصرفی' is a key vocabulary word for discussing professional and social issues. You use it in technical contexts, like 'توان مصرفی' (power consumption) of an appliance, or in accounting contexts like 'هزینه‌های مصرفی' (consumable expenses). You can participate in debates about 'جامعه مصرفی' (consumerist society) and express nuanced opinions on consumerism. You understand the difference between 'capital goods' and 'consumer goods' in a business setting and can use the word accurately in formal writing.

At the C1 level, you use 'مصرفی' with precision in academic and legal contexts. You understand its implications in 'سبد مصرفی' (the CPI basket) and how it affects economic policy. You can analyze the 'فرهنگ مصرفی' (consumer culture) in literature or sociological texts. You are aware of the subtle differences between 'مصرفی', 'استهلاکی' (depreciable), and 'فرسودنی' (perishable). Your usage is natural, and you can use it metaphorically or in complex compound structures without hesitation.

免费注册阅读完整解释

At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'مصرفی' and its root. You can discuss the etymological links to Arabic and how the word has evolved in Persian legal and philosophical discourse. You can write critiques of 'مصرف‌گرایی' (consumerism) using 'مصرفی' as a foundational adjective. You recognize the word in archaic or highly specialized technical manuals and understand the fine distinctions in utility billing and resource management at a national level. The word is a tool for precise, high-level expression.

免费注册阅读完整解释

开始练习例句笔记与提示

مصرفی 30秒了解

Masrafi describes things that get used up or are for consumption.
It is commonly used for consumer goods, utilities, and office supplies.
Grammatically, it follows the noun it modifies using the Ezafe connector.
It distinguishes consumable items from long-term capital assets or durable goods.

The Persian word مصرفی (pronounced 'masrafi') is a versatile adjective primarily used to describe items, materials, or resources that are intended to be used up, consumed, or spent during a process. Derived from the Arabic root 'S-R-F' (صرف), which relates to spending or turning, the suffix '-i' (ی) transforms it into an adjective. In the modern Persian lexicon, it sits at the heart of economic, environmental, and daily household discussions. When you call something masrafi, you are indicating that its utility is finite and that it will eventually need replacement or replenishment.

Economic Context: In economics, 'کالاهای مصرفی' (consumer goods) refers to products purchased for direct use by individuals rather than for use in the production of other goods. This distinguishes them from capital goods like machinery.

این پرینتر ارزان است، اما مواد مصرفی آن بسیار گران هستند.
(This printer is cheap, but its consumables/supplies are very expensive.)

Beyond simple products, the term applies to resources like water and electricity. For instance, 'آب مصرفی' refers to the water actually used or consumed by a household or factory. This is a critical distinction in engineering and billing contexts. Furthermore, the word carries a sociological weight. A 'جامعه مصرفی' (consumerist society) is one where the acquisition of goods is a central feature of the culture. In this sense, the word moves from a technical description of an object to a critique of modern lifestyle patterns.

Technical Usage: In medical or laboratory settings, 'اقلام مصرفی' (consumable items) refers to syringes, gloves, and reagents that are discarded after a single use or a short period.

باید لیست کالاهای مصرفی انبار را بازبینی کنیم.
(We must review the list of consumable goods in the warehouse.)

When discussing personal habits, one might refer to 'اقلام مصرفی روزانه' (daily consumable items) such as milk, bread, or detergents. The word helps categorize the budget into 'fixed costs' and 'consumable costs.' It is also frequently seen in environmental discourse, where 'ظروف یکبار مصرف' (disposable/single-use containers) is a related concept, though 'مصرفی' itself is broader than just 'disposable.' It encompasses everything from the fuel in your car to the ink in your pen.

Adjectival Placement: Like most Persian adjectives, it follows the noun it modifies using the Ezafe construction (e.g., kâlâ-ye masrafi).

بنزین یک کالای مصرفی استراتژیک است.
(Gasoline is a strategic consumable good.)

In summary, 'مصرفی' is the bridge between the act of using (مصرف) and the object being used. It covers the spectrum from a simple battery to the complex energy needs of a nation. Understanding this word allows a learner to navigate Persian news reports on the economy, read grocery labels, and participate in discussions about sustainability and resource management. Its frequency in legal and commercial contracts—defining what supplies are provided—makes it an essential term for professional fluency.

توان مصرفی این دستگاه چقدر است؟
(What is the power consumption of this device?)

Using مصرفی correctly requires an understanding of its role as an attributive adjective. In Persian grammar, it almost always follows the noun it describes, linked by the Ezafe (the short 'e' sound). For example, to say 'consumable materials,' you say 'mavâd-e masrafi' (مواد مصرفی). This section explores the grammatical nuances and common syntactic patterns where this word appears.

Describing Goods and Products: The most common use is with 'کالا' (goods) or 'اجناس' (items). This categorizes products in a retail or industrial setting.

قیمت کالاهای مصرفی در سال گذشته دو برابر شده است.
(The price of consumer goods has doubled in the past year.)

When discussing energy or utilities, 'مصرفی' acts as a qualifier for the amount used. For instance, 'برق مصرفی' (consumed electricity) or 'آب مصرفی' (consumed water). Here, the focus is on the quantity that has been 'spent' or 'used up' by a specific entity. You will see this on utility bills: 'میزان برق مصرفی دوره' (The amount of electricity consumed in this period).

In Compound Phrases: It often appears in phrases like 'یکبار مصرف' (single-use/disposable). While 'مصرفی' is the base, adding 'یکبار' (one time) creates a specific sub-category of consumable items.

استفاده از پلاستیک‌های یکبار مصرفی برای محیط زیست مضر است.
(Using single-use plastics is harmful to the environment.)

Another sophisticated use is in the context of 'سبد مصرفی' (consumption basket). This is a term used by economists to describe the set of goods and services used to calculate the Consumer Price Index (CPI). If you are reading a financial report in Persian, you will encounter this phrase frequently to discuss inflation and the cost of living.

Describing Capacity and Rating: In electronics, it describes the intake or rating of a machine. 'توان مصرفی' (power consumption/input power) is the standard term on technical data sheets.

توان مصرفی این لامپ تنها ۱۰ وات است.
(The power consumption of this bulb is only 10 watts.)

Furthermore, in bureaucratic or organizational Persian, you might find 'اموال مصرفی' (consumable property) vs 'اموال سرمایه‌ای' (capital property). This is vital for accounting. Consumable property includes paper and pens, which are written off immediately, whereas capital property includes desks and computers. Mastering these distinctions allows you to operate in a Persian-speaking professional environment with precision and clarity.

بسیاری از قطعات این خودرو مصرفی هستند و باید تعویض شوند.
(Many parts of this car are consumables and must be replaced.)

In the real world, مصرفی is not just a textbook term; it is a word you will encounter daily in various high-stakes and mundane environments. From the evening news to the local supermarket, it signals the 'usage' aspect of life. Understanding where it pops up will help you recognize it instantly in natural conversation and media.

News and Economy Reports: Iranian news channels frequently discuss 'کالاهای اساسی و مصرفی' (basic and consumer goods), especially during times of inflation or holidays when demand spikes.

دولت برای تنظیم بازار کالاهای مصرفی اقدام خواهد کرد.
(The government will take action to regulate the market for consumer goods.)

In a domestic setting, you will hear this word when dealing with repairs. A mechanic might tell you that a certain part is 'مصرفی' (consumable), meaning it wears out naturally and its failure isn't necessarily a sign of a bigger problem. Think of brake pads, filters, or spark plugs. This usage is very common in workshops and service centers across Iran.

Shopping and Retail: Supermarkets and online stores like Digikala use this term to categorize household supplies, detergents, and food items.

این بخش شامل اقلام مصرفی خانه مانند شوینده‌هاست.
(This section includes household consumables like detergents.)

Environmentalists and health-conscious groups often use the term 'یکبار مصرف' (single-use) to advocate against plastic pollution. You will see signs in cafes or parks urging people to reduce their use of 'ظروف مصرفی' (consumed/used containers) that are not recyclable. This brings the word into the realm of modern ethical and social activism.

Utility Bills and Governance: If you live in Iran, your 'قبض' (bill) will show 'مقدار مصرفی' (the amount consumed). Public service announcements often ask citizens to reduce their 'گاز مصرفی' (consumed gas) during winter.

لطفاً در ساعات اوج بار، برق مصرفی خود را مدیریت کنید.
(Please manage your consumed electricity during peak hours.)

Finally, in academic or intellectual circles, 'مصرفی' is used to describe the nature of a culture or period. You might hear a professor discuss 'فرهنگ مصرفی' (consumer culture), referring to a society focused on buying and using goods. This shows the word's journey from a simple utility bill to a profound sociological concept.

ما در یک عصر مصرفی زندگی می‌کنیم که همه چیز موقتی است.
(We live in a consumerist age where everything is temporary.)

While مصرفی seems straightforward, English speakers and learners often stumble over its specific grammatical role and its distinction from the noun form. Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Persian sound much more natural and precise.

Mistake 1: Confusing Noun and Adjective: The most frequent error is using 'مصرف' (consumption/noun) when 'مصرفی' (consumable/adjective) is required. You cannot say 'کالای مصرف' to mean 'consumer good'; it must be 'کالای مصرفی'.

غلط: این یک قطعه مصرف است.
درست: این یک قطعه مصرفی است.
(Correct: This is a consumable part.)

Another mistake involves the Ezafe. Because 'مصرفی' ends in a 'y' sound (ی), if it is followed by another adjective, you must use the 'ye' connector. For example, 'کالای مصرفیِ گران' (expensive consumer good). Learners often forget to sustain the connection between multiple adjectives.

Mistake 2: Overusing 'Disposable': Sometimes learners use 'مصرفی' when they specifically mean 'یکبار مصرف' (disposable). While all disposable items are 'مصرفی', not all 'مصرفی' items are disposable. A car's oil is 'مصرفی', but the container it comes in might be 'یکبار مصرف'.

اشتباه: این قاشق مصرفی است.
بهتر: این قاشق یکبار مصرف است.
(Better: This spoon is disposable.)

Contextual confusion also occurs with the word 'استعمالی' (used/second-hand). 'مصرفی' describes the *nature* of the product (it's meant to be used up), while 'استعمالی' or 'دست‌دوم' describes its *status* (it has already been used by someone else). Don't use 'مصرفی' to mean 'pre-owned'.

Mistake 3: Misplacing in the Sentence: In English, we say 'consumer goods' (adjective before noun). In Persian, you must reverse this: 'kâlâ-hâ-ye masrafi'. Beginner students often try to translate word-for-word, resulting in 'masrafi kâlâ', which is unintelligible.

اشتباه: مصرفی آب بالا است.
درست: آب مصرفی بالا است.
(Correct: Consumed water [usage] is high.)

Lastly, avoid using 'مصرفی' for people. While in English we might figuratively say someone is 'spent,' in Persian, using 'مصرفی' for a person can sound dehumanizing or highly technical, as if they are a commodity to be used up. To say someone is exhausted, use 'خسته' or 'از پا افتاده'.

To truly master مصرفی, it is helpful to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. Persian has a rich vocabulary for usage, and choosing the right word depends on the register and the specific nuance you wish to convey.

مصرفی vs. کاربردی (Kârbordi): 'مصرفی' means consumable or used up. 'کاربردی' means 'applied' or 'practical'. A book is 'کاربردی' (practical) but not 'مصرفی' (you don't eat it or use it up to read it).

این دانش کاربردی است، نه فقط تئوری.
(This knowledge is practical, not just theoretical.)

When you want to emphasize that something is for 'daily use,' you might use 'دمِ دستی' (informal) or 'روزمره' (everyday). While 'اقلام مصرفی' are often 'روزمره', the former is a technical classification and the latter describes the frequency of use.

مصرفی vs. یکبار مصرف (Yekbâr Masraf): As mentioned before, 'یکبار مصرف' specifically means disposable. 'مصرفی' is the broader category. All 'یکبار مصرف' items are 'مصرفی', but gasoline is 'مصرفی' without being called 'یکبار مصرف'.

بشقاب‌های یکبار مصرف برای مهمانی مناسب هستند.
(Disposable plates are suitable for the party.)

In formal or poetic contexts, you might encounter 'فناپذیر' (perishable/mortal). While 'مصرفی' is mundane and economic, 'فناپذیر' is philosophical. You wouldn't call a battery 'فناپذیر', but you might call human life 'فناپذیر'.

Comparison Table

مصرفی: Consumable (ink, fuel, food).
سرمایه‌ای: Capital (machinery, buildings).
فرسودنی: Wearable/perishable (clothes, tires).
دورریختنی: Throwaway/disposable.

ما باید بین هزینه‌های سرمایه‌ای و مصرفی تفاوت قائل شویم.
(We must distinguish between capital and consumable expenses.)

By knowing these alternatives, you can tailor your speech. Use 'مصرفی' for bills, shopping, and technical specs. Use 'یکبار مصرف' for trash and environmental talk. Use 'سرمایه‌ای' when talking about long-term investments. This nuanced approach marks the transition from a B1 learner to a B2/C1 proficient speaker.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word 'Sarrâf' (money changer/exchange office) comes from the same root, as it involves 'turning' one currency into another.

发音指南

UK /mæs.ræ.fiː/

US /mæs.rə.fi/

The stress is typically on the final syllable '-fi'.

押韵词

معرفی (mo'arrefi - introduction) برفی (barfi - snowy) حرفی (harfi - literal/verbal) طرفی (tarafi - side/party) اشرافی (ashrâfi - aristocratic) تلافی (talâfi - retaliation) کافی (kâfi - sufficient) صافی (sâfi - purity/filter)

常见错误

Pronouncing it as 'mas-raf' (noun) instead of 'mas-ra-fi' (adjective).
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.
Using a short 'i' sound at the end instead of the long 'ee' sound.
Confusing the 's' sound with a 'z' sound.
Failing to pronounce the 'r' clearly.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts once the root is known.

写作 4/5

Requires correct Ezafe placement and understanding of noun-adjective order.

口语 3/5

Common in daily speech, especially regarding shopping and bills.

听力 3/5

Distinct pronunciation, but can be confused with the noun 'masraf'.

接下来学什么

前置知识

مصرف کالا استفاده برق آب

接下来学习

سرمایه‌ای تولیدکننده شاخص قیمت صرفه‌جویی استهلاک

高级

اقتصاد کلان قدرت خرید تورم توسعه پایدار

需要掌握的语法

Ezafe Construction

کالایِ مصرفی (kâlâ-ye masrafi)

Adjective Placement

Following the noun in Persian.

Invariable Adjectives

Masrafi does not change for plural nouns.

Noun-to-Adjective Suffix '-i'

Masraf + i = Masrafi

Compound Adjectives

یکبار مصرف (One-time use)

免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

آب مصرفی ما کم است.

Our used water is little.

Simple adjective following the noun 'آب'.

این نان مصرفی است.

This bread is for consumption.

Used as a predicate adjective.

شیر یک کالای مصرفی است.

Milk is a consumable good.

Basic noun-adjective pair.

من مواد مصرفی می‌خرم.

I buy consumable materials.

Direct object with adjective.

برق مصرفی این اتاق زیاد است.

The electricity used in this room is a lot.

Ezafe connecting 'برق' and 'مصرفی'.

این‌ها اقلام مصرفی هستند.

These are consumable items.

Plural demonstrative with adjective.

دفتر یک وسیله مصرفی است.

A notebook is a consumable tool.

Singular noun with adjective.

صابون مصرفی تمام شد.

The used soap is finished.

Subject-adjective pair.

لیست کالاهای مصرفی را بنویس.

Write the list of consumer goods.

Plural noun in a possessive/adjective chain.

ما به مواد مصرفی اداری نیاز داریم.

We need office supplies (consumables).

Compound adjective phrase.

قیمت مواد مصرفی بالا رفته است.

The price of consumables has gone up.

Present perfect verb with noun phrase subject.

این لامپ برق مصرفی کمی دارد.

This bulb has low power consumption.

Adjective modifying the object.

بشقاب‌های یکبار مصرفی کجاست؟

Where are the disposable plates?

Using 'yekbâr' to specify 'masrafi'.

بنزین یک سوخت مصرفی است.

Gasoline is a consumable fuel.

Standard noun-adjective structure.

این باتری‌ها مصرفی هستند.

These batteries are consumables.

Predicate adjective with plural subject.

دفترچه بیمه مصرفی نیست.

The insurance booklet is not a consumable.

Negative predicate adjective.

باید در مصرف آب مصرفی صرفه‌جویی کنیم.

We must save on the water we consume.

Double use of root: 'masraf' (noun) and 'masrafi' (adj).

ظروف یکبار مصرفی برای طبیعت مضر هستند.

Disposable containers are harmful to nature.

Subject phrase with descriptive adjective.

هزینه اقلام مصرفی ماهانه را حساب کن.

Calculate the cost of monthly consumable items.

Complex noun phrase with two adjectives.

این خودرو قطعات مصرفی زیادی دارد.

This car has many consumable parts.

Quantifier 'ziyâdi' following the noun-adjective pair.

توان مصرفی این دستگاه روی جعبه نوشته شده.

The power consumption of this device is written on the box.

Passive construction with technical term.

ما نباید به یک جامعه مصرفی تبدیل شویم.

We should not turn into a consumerist society.

Sociological usage of the adjective.

کاغذ یک کالای مصرفی در مدرسه است.

Paper is a consumable good in school.

Defining a category.

آیا این روغن موتور مصرفی است؟

Is this engine oil a consumable?

Interrogative sentence.

شاخص قیمت کالاهای مصرفی نشان‌دهنده تورم است.

The Consumer Price Index indicates inflation.

Formal economic terminology.

لنت ترمز جزو قطعات مصرفی خودرو محسوب می‌شود.

Brake pads are considered among the car's consumable parts.

Using 'mahsoub shodan' (to be considered).

مدیریت منابع مصرفی در پروژه‌های بزرگ حیاتی است.

Managing consumable resources in large projects is vital.

Abstract noun phrase.

میزان گاز مصرفی در زمستان به شدت افزایش می‌یابد.

The amount of consumed gas increases sharply in winter.

Formal verb 'afzâyesh yâftan'.

این شرکت تولیدکننده مواد مصرفی آزمایشگاهی است.

This company is a producer of laboratory consumables.

Compound noun 'tolid-konandeh'.

فرهنگ مصرفی باعث نابودی منابع طبیعی می‌شود.

Consumer culture causes the destruction of natural resources.

Causal sentence structure.

کارتریج پرینتر یکی از گران‌ترین اقلام مصرفی است.

The printer cartridge is one of the most expensive consumables.

Superlative adjective construction.

باید بین کالاهای سرمایه‌ای و مصرفی توازن باشد.

There must be a balance between capital and consumer goods.

Contrastive adjectives.

تحلیل سبد مصرفی خانوار برای سیاست‌گذاری پولی لازم است.

Analyzing the household consumption basket is necessary for monetary policymaking.

High-level academic Persian.

گذار به یک اقتصاد غیرمصرفی نیازمند تغییرات ساختاری است.

Transitioning to a non-consumerist economy requires structural changes.

Using the prefix 'gheyr-' (non-).

اعتبار مصرفی می‌تواند باعث افزایش بدهی‌های فردی شود.

Consumer credit can lead to an increase in individual debts.

Financial terminology.

در این قرارداد، تأمین مواد مصرفی بر عهده پیمانکار است.

In this contract, providing consumables is the responsibility of the contractor.

Legal/Contractual language.

منتقدان بر این باورند که هنر نباید به یک کالای مصرفی تبدیل شود.

Critics believe that art should not become a consumer good.

Philosophical/Critical discourse.

بهینه‌سازی توان مصرفی تراشه‌ها در صنعت الکترونیک اولویت دارد.

Optimizing the power consumption of chips is a priority in the electronics industry.

Technical engineering context.

الگوهای مصرفی جوامع مدرن با پایداری زیست‌محیطی در تضاد است.

The consumption patterns of modern societies are in conflict with environmental sustainability.

Complex subject-predicate relation.

تخصیص ارز برای واردات کالاهای مصرفی محدود شده است.

The allocation of foreign currency for importing consumer goods has been restricted.

Passive voice in a news context.

هیمنه فرهنگ مصرفی بر ارزش‌های سنتی سایه افکنده است.

The hegemony of consumer culture has cast a shadow over traditional values.

Literary/Metaphorical high register.

تقلیل مفاهیم اخلاقی به ابژه‌های مصرفی، بحران معنا را در پی دارد.

Reducing moral concepts to consumable objects leads to a crisis of meaning.

Philosophical terminology ('obzheh' for object).

در نظام‌های سرمایه‌داری، هویت فردی با کالاهای مصرفی گره خورده است.

In capitalist systems, individual identity is tied to consumer goods.

Sociopolitical analysis.

بررسی تطبیقی اقلام مصرفی در ادوار مختلف تاریخی، گویای تحولات معیشتی است.

A comparative study of consumable items in different historical periods reveals changes in livelihood.

Academic research phrasing.

پویایی بازار به گردش مداوم کالاهای مصرفی وابسته است.

Market dynamics depend on the continuous circulation of consumer goods.

Economic theory phrasing.

این رویکرد، طبیعت را صرفاً به مثابه منبعی مصرفی می‌نگرد.

This approach views nature merely as a consumable resource.

Formal philosophical stance.

تلاقی نیازهای واقعی و القائات مصرفی در تبلیغات نوین مشهود است.

The intersection of real needs and consumerist inductions is evident in modern advertising.

Advanced media analysis.

استهلاک سرمایه در گرو تأمین به موقع قطعات مصرفی است.

Capital depreciation is contingent upon the timely provision of consumable parts.

Technical/Financial synthesis.

常见搭配

کالاهای مصرفی

آب مصرفی

توان مصرفی

اقلام مصرفی

جامعه مصرفی

برق مصرفی

مواد مصرفی

سبد مصرفی

قطعات مصرفی

اعتبار مصرفی

常用短语

یکبار مصرف

— Something that is used once and then discarded. Very common for plastic items.

لیوان یکبار مصرف

کالای بادوام و مصرفی

— Durable and consumer goods. A common classification in retail.

فروشگاه کالاهای بادوام و مصرفی

الگوی مصرفی

— The pattern or habit of consumption of a person or society.

اصلاح الگوی مصرفی

هزینه‌های مصرفی

— Expenses related to items that are used up quickly.

کاهش هزینه‌های مصرفی شرکت

بخش مصرفی

— The consumer sector of the economy.

رشد در بخش مصرفی بازار

مواد مصرفی جانبی

— Accessory or secondary consumables.

خرید مواد مصرفی جانبی پرینتر

تولیدات مصرفی

— Products manufactured for direct consumption.

تمرکز بر تولیدات مصرفی داخلی

فرهنگ مصرفی

— A culture focused on the acquisition and use of goods.

نقد فرهنگ مصرفی مدرن

اقلام مصرفی روزانه

— Daily necessities that are used up (bread, milk, etc.).

تأمین اقلام مصرفی روزانه مردم

میزان مصرفی

— The quantity that has been consumed.

میزان مصرفی بنزین در کشور

容易混淆的词

مصرفی vs مصرف

Masraf is the noun (consumption). Masrafi is the adjective (consumable).

مصرفی vs استعمالی

Estemâli means 'used' or 'in use', whereas masrafi means 'meant to be used up'.

مصرفی vs کاربردی

Kârbordi means 'practical' or 'applied', not necessarily consumable.

习语与表达

"جامعه مصرفی"

— A society where high consumption is the norm and defines status.

او علیه جامعه مصرفی سخنرانی کرد.

Academic/Sociological

"یکبار مصرف بودن"

— To be disposable (often used metaphorically for people or relationships).

در این دنیا هیچ‌کس یکبار مصرف نیست.

Informal/Philosophical

"سبد مصرفی خانوار"

— The metaphorical 'basket' of goods a family needs to survive.

تورم سبد مصرفی خانوار را کوچک کرده است.

Formal/Economic

"فرهنگ مصرفی"

— The mindset of prioritizing buying and using new things.

فرهنگ مصرفی به سنت‌ها آسیب می‌زند.

Academic

"کالای مصرفی شدن"

— When something (like art or education) is treated like a mere product.

دانش نباید به یک کالای مصرفی تبدیل شود.

Formal

"عمر مصرفی"

— The useful life of a consumable item.

عمر مصرفی این فیلتر شش ماه است.

Technical

"چرخه مصرفی"

— The cycle of buying, using, and discarding.

ما باید از چرخه مصرفی بیهوده خارج شویم.

Environmental

"ارزش مصرفی"

— The value derived from using an item rather than its resale value.

این خانه برای ما ارزش مصرفی دارد، نه تجاری.

Formal

"بازار مصرفی"

— The target market for consumer products.

ایران یک بازار مصرفی بزرگ است.

Business

"نیازهای مصرفی"

— The basic requirements for items that are used up.

او فقط به نیازهای مصرفی خود فکر می‌کند.

Neutral

容易混淆

مصرفی vs دست‌دوم

Both relate to 'used'.

Dast-e-dovvom means second-hand. Masrafi means it gets used up.

من یک کتاب دست‌دوم خریدم، اما کاغذ آن مصرفی است.

مصرفی vs فرسوده

Both relate to items that aren't new.

Farsoudeh means worn-out/dilapidated. Masrafi describes the nature of the item.

این ماشین فرسوده است و قطعات مصرفی زیادی می‌خواهد.

مصرفی vs موقت

Both imply something not permanent.

Movagghat means temporary in time. Masrafi means used up in substance.

این یک کار موقت است، اما غذا یک کالای مصرفی است.

مصرفی vs ناپایدار

Both imply ending.

Nâpâydâr means unstable or non-persistent. Masrafi is a technical economic term.

وضعیت نایایدار اقتصادی روی قیمت کالاهای مصرفی اثر دارد.

مصرفی vs یکبار مصرف

Often used interchangeably.

Yekbâr masraf is a subset of masrafi (specifically disposable).

بنزین مصرفی است اما یکبار مصرف نیست.

句型

[Noun] + مصرفی + [Verb]

آب مصرفی زیاد است.

این + [Noun] + مصرفی + است

این کاغذ مصرفی است.

میزان + [Noun] + مصرفی + [Adjective] + است

میزان برق مصرفی بالا است.

تبدیل شدن به + یک + [Noun] + مصرفی

تبدیل شدن به یک جامعه مصرفی.

خرید + [Noun] + مصرفی

خرید کالای مصرفی.

استفاده از + [Noun] + مصرفی

استفاده از مواد مصرفی.

هزینه + [Noun] + مصرفی

هزینه اقلام مصرفی.

هیمنه + فرهنگ + مصرفی

هیمنه فرهنگ مصرفی.

词族

名词

مصرف (masraf - consumption)

مصرف‌کننده (masraf-konandeh - consumer)

مصرف‌گرایی (masraf-gerâyi - consumerism)

动词

مصرف کردن (masraf kardan - to consume/use up)

به مصرف رساندن (be masraf resândan - to cause to be consumed)

形容词

مصرفی (masrafi - consumable)

پرمصرف (por-masraf - high-consumption)

کم‌مصرف (kam-masraf - low-consumption/energy-efficient)

如何使用

frequency

Very frequent in news, shopping, and technical contexts.

常见错误

Using 'masraf' as an adjective. → Using 'masrafi'.
Masraf is a noun. You cannot say 'kâlâ-ye masraf'. You must add the 'i' suffix.
Putting 'masrafi' before the noun. → Putting it after the noun.
Persian adjectives follow nouns. It's 'kâlâ-ye masrafi', not 'masrafi kâlâ'.
Confusing 'masrafi' with 'dast-e-dovvom'. → Using 'dast-e-dovvom' for second-hand.
Masrafi means 'to be consumed', not 'already used by someone else'.
Forgetting the Ezafe. → Adding the '-e' or '-ye' sound.
Adjectives require the Ezafe link. 'Mavâd-e masrafi'.
Using it for people to mean 'tired'. → Using 'khasteh'.
Calling a person 'masrafi' is offensive as it implies they are an object.

小贴士

Ezafe Connection

Always remember the Ezafe (short 'e' sound) between the noun and 'مصرفی'. It is 'kâlâ-ye masrafi', not 'kâlâ masrafi'.

Capital vs Consumable

In business Persian, always distinguish between 'سرمایه‌ای' (capital) and 'مصرفی' (consumable) for better clarity.

The 'i' Suffix

Make sure the final 'i' is long and clear. If it sounds like 'a', it might be confused with the noun 'masraf'.

Waste Awareness

Iranians are very sensitive to 'esrâf' (waste). Using 'masrafi' in the context of saving resources is very common.

Utility Bills

Look for 'مصرفی' on your Iranian water or gas bill to find your actual usage amount.

Formal Lists

When making a list of office needs, use the heading 'لیست اقلام مصرفی' to sound professional.

Consumerism

Use 'جامعه مصرفی' to discuss the downsides of modern shopping habits in a debate.

Power Rating

Look for 'توان مصرفی' on the back of electronics to see how many watts they use.

Root Recognition

Recognizing the S-R-F root will help you understand many other words like 'enserrâf' or 'sarrâf'.

Supermarket Aisles

In large stores, signs saying 'مواد مصرفی' usually point to detergents and paper products.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Mass-Raf-Fee'. You pay a 'fee' for the 'mass' amount of goods you 'consume'.

视觉联想

Imagine a printer next to a pile of empty ink cartridges. The printer is a capital good, but the cartridges are 'masrafi'.

Word Web

Consumption Consumer Goods Electricity Water Disposable Economy Supplies

挑战

Try to list five things in your room that are 'masrafi' and five things that are 'sarmâye-yi' (capital/durable).

词源

Derived from the Arabic root S-R-F (صرف), which fundamentally means to turn, change, or spend. In Persian, it was adopted and narrowed down specifically to the act of spending or using resources.

原始含义： The root in Arabic relates to 'turning' (like changing money). In Persian, 'masraf' became the place or act of spending/consumption.

Semitic root (Arabic), adapted into Indo-European (Persian) morphology.

文化背景

Avoid calling people or cultural heritages 'masrafi', as it implies they are expendable and lack permanent value.

In English, we often use different words like 'consumables', 'supplies', or 'consumer' depending on the noun. In Persian, 'masrafi' covers all these bases.

Economic reports from the Central Bank of Iran (CBI) regarding CPI. Environmental campaigns against 'Plastik-hâ-ye yekbâr masrafi'. Technical manuals for household appliances (Sam-sung, LG in Persian).

在生活中练习

真实语境

Supermarket Shopping

کالاهای مصرفی اساسی
قیمت اقلام مصرفی
بخش مواد مصرفی
تخفیف کالاهای مصرفی

Utility Billing

برق مصرفی دوره
آب مصرفی خانگی
کنتور گاز مصرفی
هزینه انرژی مصرفی

Car Maintenance

قطعات مصرفی ماشین
تعویض اقلام مصرفی
روغن مصرفی موتور
زمان تعویض قطعات مصرفی

Office/Lab Supplies

مواد مصرفی اداری
خرید اقلام مصرفی
لیست مواد مصرفی
انبار کالاهای مصرفی

Environmental Discussion

ظروف یکبار مصرفی
کاهش مواد مصرفی
الگوی مصرفی پایدار
پلاستیک‌های مصرفی

对话开场白

"آیا به نظر شما جامعه ما بیش از حد مصرفی شده است؟"

"هزینه مواد مصرفی پرینتر شما چقدر است؟"

"چگونه می‌توانیم میزان برق مصرفی خود را در تابستان کاهش دهیم؟"

"کدام کالاهای مصرفی در کشور شما گران‌تر شده‌اند؟"

"آیا شما از ظروف یکبار مصرفی استفاده می‌کنید؟"

日记主题

درباره لیست کالاهای مصرفی که هر هفته می‌خرید بنویسید.

تأثیر فرهنگ مصرفی بر محیط زیست را تحلیل کنید.

چگونه می‌توان بین کالاهای سرمایه‌ای و مصرفی در زندگی شخصی تعادل برقرار کرد؟

یک روز بدون استفاده از هیچ کالای یکبار مصرفی را توصیف کنید.

نقش تبلیغات در ایجاد نیازهای مصرفی کاذب چیست؟

常见问题

10 个问题

Not exactly. While 'یکبار مصرف' (yekbâr masraf) means disposable, 'masrafi' is a broader term meaning 'consumable'. For example, gasoline is 'masrafi' but you wouldn't call it 'disposable' in the way you call a plastic cup disposable.

It is generally not recommended. Calling a person 'masrafi' would imply they are a consumable object, which is dehumanizing. If you mean someone is exhausted, use 'khasteh'.

It is neutral and used in all registers. However, in very formal contexts, people might prefer 'اقلام' (items) over 'چیزها' (things) when using it.

It is 'شاخص قیمت کالاهای مصرفی' (Shâkhes-e gheymat-e kâlâhâ-ye masrafi).

The opposite is 'kâlâ-ye sarmâye-yi' (capital good) or 'kâlâ-ye bâ-davâm' (durable good).

Yes, 'آب مصرفی' and 'برق مصرفی' are standard terms on utility bills in Iran to denote the amount used.

Yes, they share the same Arabic root S-R-F. 'Sarf' means spending or grammar (morphology), and 'masraf' is the noun for consumption.

The stress is on the final syllable: mas-ra-FI.

It follows the noun: [Noun] + -e + masrafi. Example: 'mavâd-e masrafi'.

Yes, 'اقلام مصرفی پزشکی' refers to medical consumables like syringes, bandages, and gloves.

免费注册查看提示和笔记