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A2 preposition #700 最常用 10分钟阅读

پیش

pish
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示 پیش 30秒了解
解析 پیش in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know 'pish' in its simplest form: 'ago'. It is used after a number and a time word. For example, 'yek ruz pish' (one day ago). You should also recognize it as meaning 'with' or 'at the place of' a person, like 'pish-e maman' (with mom). At this stage, don't worry about complex grammar; just think of it as a way to talk about the past or where you are hanging out. It is a very friendly word that appears in basic greetings and descriptions of your day. You will hear it in phrases like 'chand vaght pish?' which means 'how long ago?'. It is one of the first ten prepositions most students learn because it is so essential for basic storytelling. Even if you make mistakes with the Ezafe, people will understand you if you use 'pish' after a time word. Focus on the 'ago' meaning first, as it is the most common for beginners.
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At the A2 level, you start to see 'pish' as more than just 'ago'. You learn that it needs a small 'e' sound (the Ezafe) when you are talking about being 'with' someone. 'Pish-e doostam' (with my friend) becomes a standard part of your vocabulary. You also begin to see it in compound words like 'pish-ghaza' (appetizer) or 'pish-nehad' (suggestion). You should be able to distinguish between 'pish' (ago) and 'pish az' (before). For example, 'pish az kelass' (before class). This level is about expanding the word's utility from just time to also include simple spatial relationships and basic compound nouns. You might also encounter it in the phrase 'pish amadan' (to happen), which is very common when explaining why you were late or why something changed. Your goal at A2 is to use the Ezafe correctly when 'pish' is followed by a person.
At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'pish' in more abstract ways. You will encounter it in many compound verbs like 'pish bini kardan' (to predict) or 'pish raftan' (to progress). You also start to use it in more complex time constructions, such as 'az modatha pish' (from a long time ago). You should understand the difference between 'pish' and 'ghabl' and start choosing the right one based on the context (spoken vs. formal). At this level, you also learn idiomatic uses, like 'pish-e khodam goftam' (I said to myself). This shows you are moving beyond literal translations and starting to think in Persian. You will also see 'pish' used in news headlines or slightly more formal contexts to mean 'advance' or 'preliminary', such as 'pish-nevis' (draft).
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At the B2 level, 'pish' becomes a tool for nuanced expression. You will use it in sophisticated compound words like 'pish-dast' (proactive/anticipatory) or 'pish-ghadam' (pioneer/taking the first step). You should be able to use it in the 'Ta'arof' context, such as 'pish-e shoma amanat bashe' (let this be a trust with you). Your understanding of 'pish' should now include its role in forming adjectives and nouns that describe forward-thinking or prior conditions. You will also encounter it in literary texts where it might replace 'nazd' or 'moqabel'. At B2, you are expected to use 'pish' fluently in all its forms without confusing it with 'jolo' or 'ghabl'. You can also use it to describe complex temporal relationships in storytelling, using phrases like 'na chandan pish' (not so long ago) to set the scene.
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At the C1 level, you explore the etymological and poetic depths of 'pish'. You will see it in classical literature where it functions as a formal preposition of presence before royalty or the Divine. You should be able to analyze how 'pish' has evolved from Middle Persian 'pēš' and how its spatial and temporal meanings are cognitively linked in the Persian mind. You will use it in highly formal or academic writing, perhaps in terms like 'pish-farz' (assumption/presupposition) or 'pish-shart' (precondition). Your usage should be flawless, and you should be able to appreciate the rhythmic quality it adds to poetry. You will also understand rare idioms and archaic structures where 'pish' might appear in ways not seen in modern street speech.
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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command over 'pish'. You can use it to emulate different historical styles of Persian, from the 10th-century prose of the 'Shahnameh' to modern experimental literature. You understand the most obscure compound formations and can use 'pish' to create neologisms if necessary. You are aware of the dialectal variations of 'pish' across the Persian-speaking world (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan). You can engage in deep philosophical or linguistic discussions about the nature of time and space as represented by this single root. For you, 'pish' is no longer just a word; it is a versatile conceptual category that you navigate with the ease of a native scholar.
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开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

پیش 30秒了解

  • A versatile preposition meaning 'ago' (time), 'near/with' (place), or 'forward' (direction).
  • Requires the Ezafe (-e) when used to mean 'with' or 'at the place of' a person.
  • Functions as a prefix in many important compound words like 'pish-nehad' (suggestion).
  • Essential for A2 learners to describe past events and social locations accurately.
The Persian word پیش (pronounced 'pish') is one of the most versatile and frequently encountered prepositions in the Persian language. At its core, it serves three primary functions: indicating time (ago or before), indicating physical location (in front of or near), and indicating direction (forward). For an English speaker, it is helpful to think of pish as a linguistic multi-tool that adapts based on the words surrounding it. When used with time expressions, it almost always follows the duration, functioning like the English word 'ago'. For example, 'two days ago' becomes 'do ruz pish'. However, when it is used as a preposition of place, it often takes the 'Ezafe' (the short 'e' sound connector), becoming pish-e, meaning 'at the side of' or 'near'.
Temporal Usage
In this context, it marks a point in the past relative to the present moment. It is the standard way to say 'ago' in both formal and informal Persian. Unlike the word 'ghabl', which is often used for 'before' a specific event, 'pish' is the go-to for general past durations.

من دو ساعت پیش رسیدم. (I arrived two hours ago.)

Spatial Usage
When referring to space, it means 'in front of' or 'in the presence of'. If you are standing 'pish-e' someone, you are near them or in their immediate vicinity. This is culturally significant in Iran, as being 'pish' someone implies a level of social interaction or proximity.

کتاب پیش من است. (The book is with me / near me.)

Directional Usage
As a prefix or an adverb, it signifies forward motion. Words like 'pishraft' (progress) or 'pishraftan' (to move forward) derive from this sense. In military or instructional contexts, 'be pish!' means 'Forward!'.

ما باید به پیش برویم. (We must go forward.)

Understanding 'pish' requires recognizing that Persian often blends the concepts of 'before' in time and 'before' in space into a single root, much like the English word 'before' used to do in older literature (e.g., 'to stand before the king'). By mastering this word, you unlock the ability to describe your past actions and your current physical location with native-like precision.
Using پیش correctly depends heavily on whether you are discussing time, space, or a person. In Persian grammar, the placement of this word changes its meaning significantly. Let us break down the three most common structural patterns you will encounter.
Pattern 1: [Time Duration] + پیش
This is the most common way to express 'ago'. You simply state the amount of time and follow it with 'pish'. Note that in this construction, we do not use the Ezafe (the 'e' sound). It is 'yek hafte pish' (one week ago), not 'yek hafte-ye pish'.

کمی پیش باران می‌بارید. (A little while ago, it was raining.)

Pattern 2: پیش از + [Noun/Event]
When you want to say 'before' a specific event or noun, you must use the preposition 'az' after 'pish'. This creates the phrase 'pish az', which is the formal equivalent of 'ghabl az'. For example, 'pish az ghaza' means 'before the meal'.

پیش از خواب مسواک بزن. (Brush your teeth before sleep.)

Pattern 3: پیشِ + [Person/Object]
When indicating location or possession, 'pish' takes the Ezafe. 'Pish-e man' means 'with me' or 'at my place'. This is used very frequently with verbs of motion like 'raftan' (to go) or 'amadan' (to come). If you say 'biya pish-e man', you are saying 'come to me' or 'come to my side'.

او پیشِ دکتر رفت. (He went to the doctor / He is at the doctor's.)

Pattern 4: Compound Verbs
'Pish' is a building block for many compound verbs. 'Pish amadan' means 'to occur' or 'to happen' (literally 'to come forward'). 'Pish bini kardan' means 'to predict' (literally 'to see forward'). These are essential for moving from A2 to B1 levels.

یک مشکل پیش آمد. (A problem occurred.)

Mastering these four patterns will allow you to navigate most daily conversations. Whether you are telling a story about what happened 'two days ago', asking where your keys are ('pish-e to?'), or describing a future 'prediction', the word 'pish' is your primary vehicle for expression.
In the real world, from the bustling streets of Tehran to the quiet tea houses of Isfahan, پیش is everywhere. Its usage in natural conversation is slightly different from what you might find in a formal grammar book. Let us explore the authentic contexts where this word shines.
The 'At My Place' Context
In English, we say 'I'm at John's house'. In Persian, you almost always say 'Man pish-e John hastam'. It doesn't just mean you are near him; it implies you are his guest or in his company. If someone calls you and asks 'Koja-yi?' (Where are you?), a very common answer is 'Pish-e doostam' (With my friend).

امشب پیشِ ما بمان. (Stay with us tonight / Stay at our place tonight.)

The 'Lost and Found' Context
If you lose your phone and think your brother might have it, you ask 'Gooshi-ye man pish-e to-st?' (Is my phone with you?). Here, 'pish' acts as a marker of temporary possession. It doesn't mean he owns it, just that it is currently in his vicinity or care.

کلیدها پیشِ سارا جا مانده است. (The keys were left with Sara.)

The 'Recent Past' Context
When gossiping or sharing news, Persians use 'pish' to anchor the story. 'Hamin chand lahze pish' (Just a few moments ago) is a classic way to introduce a fresh piece of information. It creates a sense of immediacy that 'ghabl' lacks.

همین چند دقیقه پیش دیدمش. (I saw him just a few minutes ago.)

Professional Contexts
In a workplace, 'pish' is used for 'advancement'. 'Pish-pardakht' is a 'down payment' or 'advance payment'. 'Pish-nehad' is a 'proposal' or 'suggestion' (literally 'placed forward'). If you are doing business in Iran, you will hear these terms constantly.

من یک پیشنهاد خوب دارم. (I have a good proposal.)

Whether you are navigating social invitations, looking for lost items, or discussing business, 'pish' is the linguistic glue that connects people and events in the Persian-speaking world.
Even advanced learners of Persian often stumble when using پیش because of its overlapping meanings with other words. Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Persian sound much more natural and precise.
Mistake 1: Confusing 'Pish' and 'Ghabl'
While both can mean 'before', 'pish' is usually 'ago' (relative to now), whereas 'ghabl' is 'before' (relative to another event). You say 'do ruz pish' (two days ago), but you say 'ghabl az nahar' (before lunch). Using 'ghabl' for 'ago' sounds slightly 'off' or overly Arabic-influenced in casual speech.

Incorrect: دو روز قبل (Do ruz ghabl - sounds like 'two days prior to that')
Correct: دو روز پیش (Do ruz pish - two days ago from today)

Mistake 2: Forgetting the Ezafe in Spatial Contexts
When you mean 'near' or 'with', you MUST use the Ezafe. Saying 'Man pish Ali hastam' is grammatically incomplete; it must be 'Man pish-e Ali hastam'. Without the 'e' sound, the sentence feels disjointed and the relationship between the words is lost.

Incorrect: کتاب پیش من است.
Correct: کتاب پیشِ من است. (Ketab pish-e man ast.)

Mistake 3: Overusing 'Pish' for 'In Front Of' Objects
While 'pish' means 'in front of', it is mostly used for people or animate objects. For inanimate objects like a car or a building, 'jolo-ye' is much more common. Saying 'pish-e mashin' sounds like you are keeping the car company, whereas 'jolo-ye mashin' means you are physically in front of it.

Use 'jolo-ye' for: جلوی ساختمان (In front of the building)
Use 'pish-e' for: پیشِ مادرم (With my mother)

Mistake 4: Mixing up 'Pish az' and 'Pish-e'
'Pish az' (before) and 'pish-e' (near/with) are distinct. Learners often swap the 'az' and the Ezafe. Remember: 'az' is for time/sequence, and 'e' is for location/people. Mixing them up can lead to confusing sentences like 'I am before Ali' instead of 'I am with Ali'.
By being mindful of these distinctions, you will avoid the most common 'foreigner' mistakes and communicate with a level of nuance that shows a deep understanding of Persian logic.
Persian is rich with synonyms, and knowing when to use پیش versus its alternatives will elevate your fluency. Here is a comparison of 'pish' with its closest linguistic neighbors.
Pish vs. Ghabl (قبل)
'Ghabl' is an Arabic loanword that is very common in Persian. While 'pish' is the native Persian word, 'ghabl' is often preferred in formal writing or when referring to a specific sequence. 'Pish' is more common in spoken 'ago' constructions.
Example: 'Pish az in' and 'Ghabl az in' both mean 'before this', but 'pish' feels slightly more literary or purely Persian.
Pish-e vs. Nazdik-e (نزدیکِ)
'Nazdik' means 'near' in a physical, measurable sense. 'Pish-e' means 'near' in a social or personal sense. You would say a city is 'nazdik' to another city, but you would say you are 'pish-e' a friend. Using 'nazdik' for a person can sound a bit cold or purely spatial.

تهران نزدیکِ کرج است. (Tehran is near Karaj.)
من پیشِ برادرم هستم. (I am with/near my brother.)

Pish vs. Jolo (جلو)
'Jolo' specifically means 'in front of' (the opposite of 'posht' - behind). 'Pish' is more about 'presence'. If you stand 'jolo-ye' someone, you might be blocking their view. If you stand 'pish-e' someone, you are simply with them. 'Jolo' is also used for the front of objects (like the front of a car).

ماشین جلوی در است. (The car is in front of the door.)

Pish vs. Sabagh (سابق)
'Sabagh' means 'former' or 'previous'. While 'pish' refers to time passed, 'sabagh' refers to a status or role. For example, 'ra'is-e sabagh' means 'the former president'. You cannot use 'pish' in this specific adjectival way.

مدیر سابق شرکت (The former manager of the company)

By understanding these subtle differences, you can choose the word that fits the exact 'flavor' of the situation, whether you are being formal, casual, poetic, or precise.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word 'pish' is cognate with the Sanskrit word 'puras' and the Greek 'paros', all meaning 'before' or 'in front'. It shows how Persian has kept its ancient roots for thousands of years.

发音指南

UK /piːʃ/
US /piʃ/
The stress is on the single syllable. In compound words like 'pish-nehad', the stress usually falls on the last syllable of the root.
押韵词
ریش (rish - beard) کیش (kish - Kish island) میش (mish - ewe) خویش (khish - self) نیش (nish - sting) بیش (bish - more) دیش (dish - satellite dish) فیش (fish - receipt)
常见错误
  • Shortening the 'i' sound to 'pish' (like English 'fish'). It must be long 'pish'.
  • Mispronouncing the Ezafe '-e' as a full 'eh' sound instead of a short connecting vowel.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize, but must distinguish between temporal and spatial meanings.

写作 3/5

Requires correct use of Ezafe and 'az' in different contexts.

口语 2/5

Very common; essential for basic fluency.

听力 2/5

Clear pronunciation, but can be fast in colloquial speech.

接下来学什么

前置知识

روز (day) ساعت (hour) من (I/me) رفتن (to go) قبل (before)

接下来学习

جلو (front) عقب (back) گذشته (past) آینده (future) نزدیک (near)

高级

پیشگاه (presence) پیش‌کسوت (veteran) پیش‌قراول (vanguard) پیش‌بینی (prediction) پیش‌درآمد (prelude)

需要掌握的语法

The Ezafe with Prepositions

پیشِ من (pish-e man) - Prepositions of place often take the Ezafe.

Temporal Postpositions

دو روز پیش (do ruz pish) - Time markers like 'pish' follow the duration.

Compound Verb Formation

پیش آمدن (pish amadan) - 'Pish' acts as the non-verbal element.

Subjunctive after 'Pish az inke'

پیش از آنکه بروی (pish az inke beravi) - 'Before' clauses trigger the subjunctive.

Prepositional Phrases with 'Az'

پیش از ناهار (pish az nahar) - 'Pish' requires 'az' when meaning 'before' an event.

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按水平分级的例句

1

دو روز پیش علی را دیدم.

I saw Ali two days ago.

'Pish' comes after the time duration 'do ruz'.

2

کتاب پیش من است.

The book is with me.

'Pish' uses the Ezafe '-e' (pish-e man) to show possession/location.

3

او پیشِ مادرش رفت.

He went to his mother.

'Pish-e' indicates going to a person's presence.

4

یک ساعت پیش غذا خوردم.

I ate food one hour ago.

Simple temporal usage: [Time] + pish.

5

بیا پیش من بشین.

Come sit near me.

Imperative 'biya' followed by 'pish-e man'.

6

سه سال پیش در ایران بودم.

I was in Iran three years ago.

Longer time duration: 'se sal pish'.

7

مداد پیشِ توست؟

Is the pencil with you?

Asking about temporary possession using 'pish-e'.

8

کمی پیش باران آمد.

It rained a little while ago.

'Kami pish' means 'a little while ago'.

1

پیش از ناهار دست‌هایت را بشوی.

Wash your hands before lunch.

'Pish az' is used for 'before' an event.

2

یک مشکل پیش آمد.

A problem occurred.

'Pish amadan' is a compound verb meaning 'to happen'.

3

او همیشه پیش‌قدم می‌شود.

He always takes the first step.

'Pish-ghadam' is a compound noun/adjective.

4

پیشنهاد شما چیست؟

What is your suggestion?

'Pish-nehad' means 'proposal' or 'suggestion'.

5

او پیشِ دکتر است.

He is at the doctor's.

'Pish-e' implies being in the presence of a professional.

6

ده دقیقه پیش زنگ زدم.

I called ten minutes ago.

Specific time duration: 'dah daghighe pish'.

7

پیش از اینکه بروی، خداحافظی کن.

Before you go, say goodbye.

'Pish az inke' is a conjunction meaning 'before [verb]'.

8

این پیش‌غذا خیلی خوشمزه است.

This appetizer is very delicious.

'Pish-ghaza' literally means 'pre-food'.

1

او از مدتها پیش اینجا زندگی می‌کند.

He has been living here since a long time ago.

'Az modatha pish' is a common phrase for long durations.

2

هواشناسی باران را پیش‌بینی کرد.

The weather service predicted rain.

'Pish-bini kardan' means 'to predict'.

3

ما باید در کارمان پیشرفت کنیم.

We must progress in our work.

'Pishraft kardan' means 'to progress'.

4

پیشِ خودم فکر کردم که شاید نیاید.

I thought to myself that maybe he wouldn't come.

'Pish-e khod' is an idiom for 'to oneself'.

5

او پیش‌نویس نامه را نوشت.

He wrote the draft of the letter.

'Pish-nevis' means 'draft'.

6

چند روز پیش از سفر، مریض شدم.

A few days before the trip, I got sick.

Combining 'pish' (ago/before) with 'az' (from).

7

او همیشه پیش‌دستی می‌کند.

He always acts proactively / gets ahead.

'Pish-dasti kardan' means to anticipate or act first.

8

این موضوع را پیش نکش.

Don't bring up this subject.

'Pish keshidan' means to bring up or introduce a topic.

1

او در این زمینه پیش‌کسوت است.

He is a veteran/pioneer in this field.

'Pish-kesvat' refers to someone with long-standing experience.

2

پیش‌فرض ما این است که همه می‌آیند.

Our assumption is that everyone is coming.

'Pish-farz' means 'assumption' or 'default'.

3

او برای حل مشکل پیش‌قدم شد.

He took the initiative to solve the problem.

'Pish-ghadam shodan' means to take the initiative.

4

این یک پیش‌شرط برای مذاکره است.

This is a precondition for negotiation.

'Pish-shart' means 'precondition'.

5

او پیش‌پرداخت خانه را داد.

He paid the down payment for the house.

'Pish-pardakht' means 'advance payment'.

6

او در مسابقه از همه پیشی گرفت.

He surpassed everyone in the race.

'Pishi gereftan' means to overtake or surpass.

7

پیش از آنکه دیر شود، اقدام کن.

Take action before it becomes too late.

Formal usage of 'pish az' with a subjunctive verb.

8

او پیش‌بینی‌های لازم را انجام داد.

He made the necessary provisions/forecasts.

Plural form 'pish-bini-ha'.

1

او در پیشگاه خداوند دعا کرد.

He prayed in the presence of God.

'Pishgah' is a very formal/spiritual word for 'presence'.

2

این کتاب پیش‌درآمدی بر فلسفه است.

This book is an introduction to philosophy.

'Pish-daramad' means 'prelude' or 'introduction'.

3

او پیش‌قراول جنبش‌های نوین بود.

He was the vanguard of modern movements.

'Pish-gharavol' means 'vanguard' or 'scout'.

4

او پیشانی بلند و گشاده‌ای داشت.

He had a high and broad forehead.

'Pishani' (forehead) comes from the same root 'pish'.

5

این واقعه پیش‌درآمد جنگ بود.

This event was the prelude to the war.

'Pish-daramad' used in a historical context.

6

او در پیش‌برد اهدافش موفق بود.

He was successful in advancing his goals.

'Pish-bord' means 'advancement' or 'promotion'.

7

او پیش‌داوری‌های زیادی دارد.

He has many prejudices/prejudgments.

'Pish-davari' means 'prejudice' (literally 'pre-judging').

8

پیش از اینها، زندگی ساده‌تر بود.

Before all this, life was simpler.

'Pish az inha' is a nostalgic literary opening.

1

او به پیشواز مهمانان رفت.

He went to welcome the guests.

'Pishvaz' is the act of going out to meet an arriving guest.

2

این نظریه پیش‌زمینه علمی ندارد.

This theory has no scientific background.

'Pish-zamineh' means 'background' or 'premise'.

3

او در پیشگاه ملت سوگند یاد کرد.

He took an oath in the presence of the nation.

'Pishgah' used in a high political context.

4

او پیش‌کسوت‌ترین هنرمند عصر ماست.

He is the most veteran artist of our era.

Superlative form of 'pish-kesvat'.

5

این پیش‌آمد ناگوار همه را شوکه کرد.

This unfortunate occurrence shocked everyone.

'Pish-amad' used as a noun meaning 'occurrence'.

6

او پیش‌بینی‌ناپذیر است.

He is unpredictable.

Complex compound: pish + bini + na + pazir.

7

او پیش‌قراول شعر نو در ایران بود.

He was the pioneer of modern poetry in Iran.

Literary usage of 'pish-gharavol'.

8

پیش از آنکه سخن گویی، بیندیش.

Think before you speak.

Classical/didactic sentence structure.

常见搭配

دو روز پیش
پیشِ من
پیش از این
پیش آمدن
پیشنهاد دادن
پیشرفت کردن
پیش‌بینی کردن
پیشِ دکتر
پیش‌پرداخت
پیش‌غذا

常用短语

چند وقت پیش

— Some time ago. Used to start a story.

چند وقت پیش به شمال رفتم.

کمی پیش

— A little while ago. Refers to the immediate past.

کمی پیش اینجا بود.

پیشِ خودت بماند

— Keep it to yourself. Used for secrets.

این حرف پیش خودت بماند.

به پیش!

— Forward! A command for movement.

سربازان، به پیش!

پیش از همه

— Before everyone else.

او پیش از همه رسید.

پیش از آنکه

— Before that... (conjunction).

پیش از آنکه بروی، زنگ بزن.

پیشِ رو

— Ahead / In front.

راه سختی پیش رو داریم.

پیش‌پا افتاده

— Trivial / Commonplace.

این یک موضوع پیش‌پا افتاده است.

پیش از وقت

— Prematurely / Before the time.

او پیش از وقت آمد.

پیش‌مرگ شدن

— To sacrifice oneself for someone.

من پیش‌مرگ تو شوم (common expression of affection).

容易混淆的词

پیش vs قبل (Ghabl)

Ghabl is 'before' in a sequence; Pish is 'ago' from now.

پیش vs جلو (Jolo)

Jolo is 'in front of' objects; Pish is 'with' or 'near' people.

پیش vs نزدیک (Nazdik)

Nazdik is physical distance; Pish is social presence.

习语与表达

"پیشِ کسی روسفید شدن"

— To be proud or honored in front of someone.

او پیش پدرش روسفید شد.

neutral
"پیشِ کسی کم آوردن"

— To feel inferior or lose confidence in front of someone.

او پیش رقیبش کم آورد.

informal
"حرفش را پیش کشیدن"

— To bring up a topic or start talking about something.

چرا دوباره حرف پول را پیش کشیدی؟

neutral
"پیش‌دستی کردن"

— To act before someone else does to gain an advantage.

او پیش‌دستی کرد و همه سیب‌ها را خرید.

neutral
"پیشِ پای کسی بلند شدن"

— To stand up as a sign of respect when someone enters.

همه پیش پای معلم بلند شدند.

neutral
"پیشِ خود فکر کردن"

— To think to oneself.

پیش خودم فکر کردم که شاید اشتباه کرده‌ام.

neutral
"پیش‌مرگِ کسی شدن"

— To love someone so much you'd die for them (often used as a compliment).

قربانت بروم، پیش‌مرگت شوم.

informal/affectionate
"پیشِ چشمِ کسی"

— Right in front of someone's eyes.

پیش چشم من، او رفت.

neutral
"از پیش باخته"

— Already lost / Pre-defeated.

او با روحیه از پیش باخته وارد زمین شد.

neutral
"پیش‌پا افتاده"

— Something very simple, basic, or unimportant.

این سوال خیلی پیش‌پا افتاده است.

neutral

容易混淆

پیش vs پیشانی (Pishani)

Sounds similar and shares the root.

Pishani is a noun meaning 'forehead', while pish is a preposition.

پیشانی او بلند است.

پیش vs پیشه (Pisheh)

Sounds like 'pish-e' (with Ezafe).

Pisheh means 'profession' or 'trade'.

پیشه او نجاری است.

پیش vs بیش (Bish)

Rhymes and differs by only one letter.

Bish means 'more' or 'greater'.

بیش از این حرف نزن.

پیش vs فیش (Fish)

Rhymes.

Fish means 'receipt' or 'slip'.

فیش حقوقی را گرفتم.

پیش vs ریش (Rish)

Rhymes.

Rish means 'beard'.

او ریش بلندی دارد.

句型

A1

[Time] + پیش

دو روز پیش.

A1

پیشِ + [Person]

پیشِ سارا.

A2

پیش از + [Noun]

پیش از ناهار.

A2

[Noun] + پیش آمد

مشکل پیش آمد.

B1

پیشِ خودم + [Verb]

پیش خودم گفتم.

B1

از + [Time] + پیش

از سال‌ها پیش.

B2

پیش از آنکه + [Subjunctive Verb]

پیش از آنکه بروی.

C1

در پیشگاهِ + [Formal Noun]

در پیشگاهِ عدالت.

词族

名词

پیشنهاد (suggestion)
پیشرفت (progress)
پیشانی (forehead)
پیش‌بند (apron)
پیش‌غذا (appetizer)
پیش‌نویس (draft)
پیش‌کسوت (veteran)
پیش‌درآمد (prelude)

动词

پیشنهاد دادن (to suggest)
پیشرفت کردن (to progress)
پیش‌بینی کردن (to predict)
پیش آمدن (to happen)
پیش بردن (to advance)
پیشی گرفتن (to surpass)
پیش‌دستی کردن (to anticipate)

形容词

پیشین (previous)
پیشرفته (advanced)
پیش‌پا افتاده (trivial)
پیش‌بینی‌ناپذیر (unpredictable)

相关

نزد (near)
جلو (front)
قبل (before)
سابق (former)
پارسال (last year)
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如何使用

frequency

Extremely high; top 100 words in Persian.

常见错误
  • Saying 'pish do ruz' for 'two days ago'. → do ruz pish

    In Persian, 'ago' (pish) follows the time duration.

  • Omitting the Ezafe: 'Man pish Ali hastam'. → Man pish-e Ali hastam.

    Spatial 'pish' requires the Ezafe to connect to the noun.

  • Using 'pish' for 'before' without 'az'. → pish az nahar

    To mean 'before [noun]', you must use the prepositional phrase 'pish az'.

  • Using 'pish' for 'in front of' a car. → jolo-ye mashin

    'Pish' is for people; 'jolo' is for physical objects.

  • Confusing 'pish' with 'pisheh' (profession). → pish-e man (with me) vs pisheh-ye man (my profession)

    These are different words with different meanings despite similar sounds.

小贴士

The 'Ago' Rule

Always place 'pish' AFTER the time duration. 'Two days ago' is 'do ruz pish', never 'pish do ruz'.

Visiting Friends

When going to a friend's house, say 'Miram pish-e doostam'. It sounds much more natural than saying 'Miram be khane-ye doostam'.

Compound Verbs

Learn 'pish amadan' (to happen) early. It is one of the most useful verbs for explaining daily situations.

Long Vowels

Ensure the 'i' in 'pish' is long. If it sounds like the English 'fish', it might be misunderstood.

Formal vs Informal

In formal writing, 'pish az' is preferred over 'ghabl az' if you want to sound more 'Persian' and less 'Arabic'.

Ta'arof usage

Use 'pish-e shoma bashe' when someone tries to give you back something you want them to keep.

Fast Speech

In fast speech, 'pish-e' might sound like 'pishe'. Look for a person's name right after to confirm the meaning.

Thinking to Yourself

Use 'pish-e khodam goftam' to describe your internal thoughts in a story.

Advance Payments

If you are renting an apartment, 'pish-pardakht' is the word for your deposit or down payment.

The 'Before' Distinction

Remember: 'pish' = ago, 'pish az' = before. That 'az' makes all the difference.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Pish' as 'Past' or 'Position'. If it's time, it's in the past (ago). If it's space, it's your position (near/with).

视觉联想

Imagine a person standing 'in front' of a clock. The clock shows the past (ago) and the person is 'with' you.

Word Web

Time (Ago) Place (Near) Direction (Forward) Prefix (Pre-) Social (With) Business (Advance) Anatomy (Forehead) Action (Initiative)

挑战

Try to use 'pish' in three different ways in one paragraph: once for time, once for a person, and once as a compound verb.

词源

Derived from Middle Persian 'pēš', which comes from Old Persian 'paiš' (in front of).

原始含义： In front of / Before (spatial and temporal).

Indo-European (Indo-Iranian branch).

文化背景

None. 'Pish' is a neutral, everyday word.

English speakers often confuse 'pish' with 'ghabl'. Remember that 'pish' is the more 'Persian' and casual way to say 'ago'.

The poem 'Pish az inha' by Qeysar Aminpour. The common phrase 'Pish-e ma biya' in many Iranian pop songs. Military commands in historical films: 'Be pish!'

在生活中练习

真实语境

Telling a story

  • چند وقت پیش (some time ago)
  • کمی پیش (a little while ago)
  • پیش از آن (before that)
  • اتفاقی پیش آمد (something happened)

Visiting someone

  • می‌آیم پیشت (I'm coming to you)
  • پیش ما بمان (stay with us)
  • پیشِ دکتر رفتن (to go to the doctor)
  • پیشِ کی هستی؟ (who are you with?)

Looking for things

  • پیشِ توست؟ (is it with you?)
  • پیشِ من نیست (it's not with me)
  • کجا پیشِ تو بود؟ (where was it with you?)
  • پیشِ سارا جا گذاشتم (I left it with Sara)

Work/Planning

  • پیشنهاد من (my suggestion)
  • پیشرفت کار (work progress)
  • پیش‌بینی بودجه (budget forecast)
  • پیش‌نویس قرارداد (contract draft)

Giving directions

  • برو به پیش (go forward)
  • پیشِ روی تو (in front of you)
  • یک قدم به پیش (one step forward)
  • پیش برو (go ahead)

对话开场白

"چند سال پیش به ایران رفتی؟ (How many years ago did you go to Iran?)"

"پیشنهاد تو برای شام چیست؟ (What is your suggestion for dinner?)"

"آخرین بار کی پیشِ دکتر رفتی؟ (When was the last time you went to the doctor?)"

"پیشِ خودت چه فکری کردی؟ (What did you think to yourself?)"

"دوست داری پیشِ ما بمانی؟ (Would you like to stay with us?)"

日记主题

در مورد اتفاقی که چند روز پیش افتاد بنویس. (Write about something that happened a few days ago.)

یک پیشنهاد برای بهبود کلاست بنویس. (Write a suggestion to improve your class.)

دوست داری پیشِ چه کسی باشی؟ چرا؟ (Who would you like to be with? Why?)

در مورد پیشرفت‌های خود در یادگیری فارسی بنویس. (Write about your progress in learning Persian.)

یک داستان کوتاه با 'پیش از آنکه' شروع کن. (Start a short story with 'Before that...')

常见问题

10 个问题

No. While it means 'ago' when used with time (e.g., 'do ruz pish'), it also means 'with' or 'near' when used with people (e.g., 'pish-e man'). It can also mean 'forward' in certain contexts.

Use 'pish' for 'ago' (relative to now) in casual speech. Use 'ghabl az' for 'before an event' (e.g., before lunch). In formal writing, 'ghabl' is more common, but 'pish az' is also perfectly correct.

It depends. For 'ago' (do ruz pish), no Ezafe. For 'with someone' (pish-e Ali), yes, the Ezafe is mandatory.

You can, but 'jolo-ye' (in front of) or 'nazdik-e' (near) are more common for objects. 'Pish-e' usually implies a person's presence.

It is a compound verb meaning 'to happen', 'to occur', or 'to come up'. For example: 'A problem came up' (Yek moshkel pish amad).

You say 'pish az inke beravam'. This uses 'pish az inke' followed by the subjunctive form of the verb.

It means 'suggestion' or 'proposal'. It comes from 'pish' (forward) and 'nehad' (placed).

Yes, very often. For example, 'pish-e shoma bashe' (let it stay with you) is a polite way to offer something or decline a return.

'Nazd' is the very formal, literary version of 'pish-e'. You will see 'nazd' in poetry but hear 'pish-e' in the street.

Yes, it is a very common prefix meaning 'pre-' or 'fore-', as in 'pish-ghaza' (appetizer) or 'pish-bini' (prediction).

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自我测试 180 个问题

writing

Write 'Two days ago' in Persian.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'With me' using 'pish'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'I saw Ali one hour ago.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'The book is with Sara.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'Come near me.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'Before lunch' in Persian.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'A problem occurred.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'I have a suggestion.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'He is at the doctor's.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'Before you go, eat.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'He predicted the weather.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'We must progress.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'I thought to myself.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'Write the draft.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'Not so long ago.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'He is a veteran artist.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'Our assumption is this.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'This is a precondition.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'He overtook everyone.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'He took the initiative.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'Two days ago' in Persian.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'With me' in Persian.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'I saw him one hour ago.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'Before lunch' in Persian.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'I have a suggestion.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'I thought to myself.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'We progressed.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'He is a veteran.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'This is a precondition.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'In the presence of God.'

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'Se ruz pish raftam.' How many days ago?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'Pish-e Ali-am.' Where am I?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'Pish-ghaza soup-e.' What is the soup?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'Moshkel pish amad.' What happened?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'Pish-bini kardam.' What did I do?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'Pishraft khube.' How is the progress?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'Pish-farz ine.' What is 'ine'?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'Pish-ghadam shod.' What did he do?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'Pishani-sh bolande.' What is long?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
listening

Listen: 'Pishvaz raftim.' What did we do?

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write 'One week ago'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Say 'With Sara'.

Read this aloud:

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：

/ 180 correct

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