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A1 noun #3,000 最常用 5分钟阅读

شجاعت

shoja'at
At the A1 level, you just need to know that شجاعت means 'courage'. You might use it in very simple sentences like 'He has courage' (او شجاعت دارد). It is easier to start with the adjective شجاع (brave), as in 'The lion is brave' (شیر شجاع است). Think of it as a positive word for being strong and not afraid. You will see this word in basic stories about heroes or animals. Focus on the pronunciation: sho-jā-'at. The 'at' ending is common for many Persian nouns borrowed from Arabic. At this stage, just remember it's a 'good' quality to have. You don't need to worry about the complex verbs yet; just 'داشتن' (to have) is enough.
At A2, you can start using شجاعت to describe people you know. You might say, 'My mother has the courage to work hard.' You should also learn the opposite word: ترس (fear). A common sentence structure at this level is 'X is a sign of courage' (X نشانه شجاعت است). You are beginning to see that this word is more formal than just saying 'not afraid'. You might also encounter it in simple news headlines or children's books. Try to use it with adjectives like ziyād (much) or kam (little). For example, 'He showed a lot of courage' (او شجاعت زیادی نشان داد). This helps you move beyond basic subject-verb-object sentences.
At the B1 level, you should be able to discuss the concept of شجاعت in more detail. You can use it in conversations about personal experiences, such as 'I didn't have the courage to tell him the truth.' You should also start using the compound verb شجاعت نشان دادن (to show courage) instead of just 'having' it. At this level, you can distinguish between physical courage and moral courage. You might read short articles about historical figures where their shojā'at is praised. You should also be comfortable using the word in the plural or with possessive suffixes, like شجاعت‌تان (your courage). It's a great word to use when giving a compliment to a friend who did something difficult.
At B2, you are expected to use شجاعت in more abstract and formal contexts. You should understand its nuances compared to shahāmat (moral courage) and jasārat (audacity). You can use it to discuss social issues, such as 'The courage of activists'. You should also be familiar with the formal light verb به خرج دادن (to exert/show). For example: 'او در آن موقعیت حساس، شجاعت زیادی به خرج داد' (He exercised great courage in that sensitive situation). You can write short essays about what courage means to you, using transition words and more complex grammar. You will also start noticing this word in Persian literature and more sophisticated media commentary.
At the C1 level, your understanding of شجاعت should include its philosophical and ethical dimensions. You should be able to discuss the Aristotelian 'golden mean' in Persian, explaining how shojā'at sits between cowardice and recklessness (tahavvor). You can use the word in academic or professional settings to describe leadership qualities. You should also be aware of its usage in classical poetry (like Rumi or Hafez) where it might represent the courage to lose one's ego in the divine. Your vocabulary should include related high-level terms like basālat or delīrī-ye tahamton-āne. You can analyze how the concept of courage has evolved in Persian culture from the epic era to the modern day.
At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of شجاعت. You can use it with absolute precision, choosing it over five other synonyms to convey a specific shade of meaning. You can engage in deep literary analysis of the Shahnameh, discussing how shojā'at is intertwined with kherad (wisdom). You can use the word in complex rhetorical structures and understand its most subtle idiomatic uses in high-level political or philosophical discourse. You are also aware of the word's etymological roots and how it functions within the broader system of Arabic-derived nouns in Persian. You can write critiques or give speeches where shojā'at is a central theme, using it to inspire or to analyze complex human behaviors with nuance and sophistication.
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

شجاعت 30秒了解

  • Shojā'at means courage or bravery in Persian.
  • It is a highly positive noun used for moral and physical strength.
  • Commonly paired with 'dāshtan' (to have) or 'neshān dādan' (to show).
  • The adjective form is 'shojā'' (brave).

The Persian word شجاعت (shojā'at) is a profound and multi-layered noun that translates primarily to 'courage', 'bravery', or 'valor'. Rooted in the Arabic triliteral root sh-j-ʿ, it represents a core virtue in Persian culture, literature, and philosophy. In its simplest form, it is the mental or moral strength to venture, persevere, and withstand danger, fear, or difficulty. However, in the Persian linguistic context, it often carries a weight of nobility and moral uprightness. It is not merely the absence of fear, but the mastery of it for a higher purpose.

Core Essence
The ability to act rightly in the face of opposition or danger. It is considered one of the four cardinal virtues in classical Islamic and Persian ethics (alongside wisdom, temperance, and justice).
Linguistic Nuance
Unlike 'rashness' (تهور), which is seen as a negative extreme, شجاعت is the golden mean—a balanced state of the soul where one is neither a coward nor recklessly impulsive.

"شجاعت واقعی آن است که با وجود ترس، قدم اول را برداری." (Real courage is taking the first step despite being afraid.)

— Common Persian Proverbial Wisdom

In historical Persian epics like the Shahnameh, this word is frequently associated with heroes like Rostam. It encompasses physical prowess on the battlefield, but more importantly, it signifies the 'courage of the heart' (دلیر بودن). When you use this word today, you might be describing a firefighter, a student speaking up against bullying, or someone facing a difficult medical diagnosis. It is a high-register word but remains common in everyday speech to express admiration for someone's strength of character.

Usage in Modern Media
"خبرنگار با شجاعت تمام از مناطق جنگی گزارش می‌داد." (The reporter was reporting from war zones with total courage.)

To truly understand شجاعت, one must distinguish it from its synonyms. While dalerī (دلیری) often implies physical boldness, shojā'at has a more formal and ethical connotation. It is a quality of the 'nafs' (soul). In modern psychological contexts in Iran, therapists might talk about the 'shojā'at' to change one's habits or the 'shojā'at' to be vulnerable.

Using شجاعت correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as an abstract noun. It is most commonly paired with specific light verbs to form compound predicates or used as a subject/object in a sentence. Here is a breakdown of its primary functional patterns in Persian.

1. Common Verb Pairings

In Persian, we don't just 'be' courageous; we 'show' it or 'have' it. The most frequent combinations are:

  • شجاعت داشتن (To have courage): Used for general traits. "او شجاعت زیادی دارد." (He has a lot of courage.)
  • شجاعت نشان دادن (To show/display courage): Used for specific actions. "سربازان شجاعت بزرگی نشان دادند." (The soldiers showed great courage.)
  • به خرج دادن شجاعت (To exert/exercise courage): A more formal and idiomatic way to say someone acted bravely in a specific moment.

2. Adjectival Forms

If you want to describe a person as 'brave', you use the adjective شجاع (shojā').

"او یک زن شجاع است." (She is a brave woman.) vs "او شجاعت دارد." (She has courage.)

3. Formal vs. Informal Contexts

While shojā'at is perfectly fine in daily conversation, in very casual street slang, people might use jorgat (جرات) for 'guts' or 'nerve'. However, shojā'at remains the standard for respect and admiration. If you are writing an essay, a news report, or a formal letter, shojā'at is the preferred term.

You will encounter شجاعت in a variety of settings, ranging from high-brow literature to nightly news broadcasts. Understanding these contexts helps in grasping the word's emotional weight.

1. News and Politics

In Iranian media, politicians often praise the 'shojā'at' of the people or specific groups. You'll hear phrases like "شجاعت مثال‌زدنی" (exemplary courage) in reports about emergency responders or national heroes.

2. Literature and Poetry

Persian poetry is steeped in the concept of bravery. From the epic verses of Ferdowsi to the mystical poems of Rumi (where courage is needed to face the ego), shojā'at is a recurring theme. In this context, it is often paired with eshq (love), suggesting that true love requires the highest form of courage.

3. Cinema and Drama

In Iranian cinema, particularly in 'Sacred Defense' (war) films, shojā'at is a central motif. Characters are often tested, and their growth is measured by their transition from fear to shojā'at.

Movie Dialogue Example

"ما به شجاعت تو نیاز داریم، نه به تفنگت!"

"We need your courage, not your gun!"

4. Educational Settings

Teachers use this word to encourage students. "شجاعت داشته باش و سوالت رو بپرس!" (Have the courage and ask your question!) is a common classroom phrase.

Even advanced learners can stumble when using شجاعت. Here are the most frequent pitfalls to avoid:

  • ✕

    Confusing with 'Jasārat' (جسارت): While often used as synonyms, Jasārat can sometimes imply 'audacity' or 'rudeness' depending on the tone. Shojā'at is always positive. If you tell a boss they have jasārat, they might think you're calling them impudent.

  • ✕

    Confusing with 'Tahavvor' (تهور): Tahavvor is 'recklessness'. It is courage without wisdom. Using tahavvor to praise someone is actually a subtle insult in formal Persian.

  • ✕

    Incorrect Light Verb: Learners often try to say "شجاعت کردن" (to do courage). This is grammatically awkward. Use "شجاعت به خرج دادن" or "شجاعت نشان دادن".

Persian has a rich vocabulary for 'bravery'. Understanding the subtle differences between these words will make your Persian sound much more natural and sophisticated.

شهامت (Shahāmat)
Very close to shojā'at, but often used for 'moral courage' or the guts to admit a mistake or speak a hard truth.
دلیری (Dalerī)
More focused on physical bravery and heroism. It comes from 'del' (heart). It's the 'lion-hearted' kind of brave.
رشادت (Reshādat)
A very formal, almost military term for bravery in battle or significant heroic deeds.
بی‌باکی (Bī-bākī)
Literally 'fearlessness'. It implies someone who acts without any 'bāk' (fear/apprehension).

When choosing which word to use, consider the 'flavor' of the bravery. Is it a soldier in battle (reshādat)? A person standing up for their rights (shahāmat)? Or a general trait of a hero (shojā'at)?

How Formal Is It?

正式

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非正式

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俚语

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难度评级

需要掌握的语法

按水平分级的例句

1

او شجاعت دارد.

He has courage.

Simple Subject + Noun + Verb.

2

شجاعت خوب است.

Courage is good.

Basic copula sentence.

3

این مرد شجاعت دارد.

This man has courage.

Demonstrative adjective 'این'.

4

شیر شجاعت زیادی دارد.

The lion has a lot of courage.

Using 'ziyād' (much) as an adjective.

5

من شجاعت ندارم.

I don't have courage.

Negative form of 'dāshtan'.

6

شجاعت چیست؟

What is courage?

Interrogative sentence.

7

او با شجاعت آمد.

He came with courage.

Preposition 'bā' (with).

8

شجاعت تو بزرگ است.

Your courage is great.

Possessive suffix '-at'.

1

او برای کمک به دیگران شجاعت نشان داد.

He showed courage to help others.

Compound verb 'shojā'at neshān dādan'.

2

شجاعت او همه را متعجب کرد.

His courage surprised everyone.

Noun as a subject.

3

بدون شجاعت نمی‌توان موفق شد.

Without courage, one cannot succeed.

Preposition 'bedūn-e' (without).

4

آیا تو شجاعت گفتن حقیقت را داری؟

Do you have the courage to tell the truth?

Ezafe construction 'shojā'at-e goftan'.

5

او همیشه با شجاعت حرف می‌زند.

He always speaks with courage.

Adverbial use with 'bā'.

6

داستان‌های شجاعت همیشه جالب هستند.

Stories of courage are always interesting.

Plural noun 'dāstānhā'.

7

او شجاعت کمی در برابر مشکلات دارد.

He has little courage against problems.

Adjective 'kam' (little).

8

معلم از شجاعت دانش‌آموز تعریف کرد.

The teacher praised the student's courage.

Preposition 'az' with 'ta'rīf kardan'.

1

او برای دفاع از حقوق خود شجاعت زیادی به خرج داد.

He exercised a lot of courage to defend his rights.

Formal light verb 'be kharj dādan'.

2

شجاعت واقعی یعنی غلبه بر ترس‌های درونی.

True courage means overcoming internal fears.

Abstract definition sentence.

3

او شجاعت لازم برای تغییر شغل را نداشت.

He didn't have the necessary courage to change jobs.

Adjective 'lāzem' (necessary).

4

همه از شجاعت آن آتش‌نشان تقدیر کردند.

Everyone appreciated that firefighter's courage.

Formal verb 'taqdīr kardan'.

5

او با شجاعت تمام در مقابل ظلم ایستادگی کرد.

He stood up against oppression with full courage.

Adverbial phrase 'bā shojā'at-e tamām'.

6

شجاعت اخلاقی مهم‌تر از شجاعت فیزیکی است.

Moral courage is more important than physical courage.

Comparative adjectives.

7

او در نوشته‌هایش شجاعت خاصی دارد.

He has a specific courage in his writings.

Possessive plural 'neveshteh-hā-yash'.

8

کودکان باید شجاعت پرسیدن را یاد بگیرند.

Children should learn the courage to ask.

Modal verb 'bāyad'.

1

شجاعت مدنی یکی از ارکان جامعه دموکراتیک است.

Civil courage is one of the pillars of a democratic society.

Sociopolitical terminology.

2

او با شجاعتی بی‌نظیر، جان کودک را نجات داد.

With unparalleled courage, he saved the child's life.

Indefinite 'i' with adjective 'bī-nazīr'.

3

نویسنده در این کتاب، شجاعت نقد سنت‌ها را دارد.

The author has the courage to criticize traditions in this book.

Infinitive as object 'naqd kardan'.

4

او شجاعت اعتراف به اشتباهاتش را پیدا کرد.

He found the courage to confess to his mistakes.

Verb 'peydā kardan' (to find).

5

شجاعت او در تصمیم‌گیری، شرکت را از ورشکستگی نجات داد.

His courage in decision-making saved the company from bankruptcy.

Gerund 'tasmīm-gīrī'.

6

بسیاری از قهرمانان گمنام، شجاعت خاموشی دارند.

Many unsung heroes have a silent courage.

Adjective 'khāmūsh' (silent).

7

او شجاعت مواجهه با حقیقت تلخ را نداشت.

He didn't have the courage to face the bitter truth.

Compound noun 'movājeheh' (facing).

8

شجاعت سیاسی مستلزم گذشتن از منافع شخصی است.

Political courage requires moving past personal interests.

Formal verb 'mostalzem būdan'.

1

شجاعت در اندیشه، پیش‌زمینه هرگونه تحول بنیادین است.

Courage in thought is the prerequisite for any fundamental transformation.

Philosophical register.

2

او با شجاعتی ستودنی، بر ناتوانی‌های جسمی خود فائق آمد.

With commendable courage, he overcame his physical disabilities.

High-level adjective 'sotūdanī'.

3

مفهوم شجاعت در اشعار حماسی با مفاهیم اخلاقی گره خورده است.

The concept of courage in epic poems is intertwined with ethical concepts.

Passive construction 'gereh khorde ast'.

4

او شجاعت آن را داشت که برخلاف جریان آب شنا کند.

He had the courage to swim against the current.

Idiomatic expression 'barkhalāf-e jaryān-e āb'.

5

تجلی شجاعت در صبر و استقامت نهفته است.

The manifestation of courage lies in patience and perseverance.

Literary verb 'nahofte būdan'.

6

او شجاعت اخلاقی را بر مصلحت‌اندیشی ترجیح داد.

He preferred moral courage over expediency.

Abstract contrast.

7

شجاعت او در بیان عقایدش، هزینه‌های سنگینی برایش داشت.

His courage in expressing his beliefs had heavy costs for him.

Metaphorical use of 'hazineh' (cost).

8

او با شجاعتی وصف‌ناپذیر، به قلب خطر زد.

With indescribable courage, he headed into the heart of danger.

Compound adjective 'vasf-nā-pazīr'.

1

شجاعت وجودی، آن‌گونه که تیلیش می‌گوید، غلبه بر اضطرابِ نبودن است.

Existential courage, as Tillich says, is the conquest of the anxiety of non-being.

Philosophical citation style.

2

او در چنبره مشکلات، شجاعتی از جنس ایثار نشان داد.

In the grip of problems, he showed a courage of the nature of self-sacrifice.

Metaphorical 'chanbareh' (grip/coil).

3

شجاعت فکری او در به چالش کشیدن پارادایم‌های حاکم، بی‌بدیل بود.

His intellectual courage in challenging dominant paradigms was unparalleled.

Academic terminology 'paradigm'.

4

او شجاعت را نه در تهور، بلکه در بصیرت می‌جست.

He sought courage not in rashness, but in insight.

Literary past continuous 'mījost'.

5

مداقه در مفهوم شجاعت، ما را به لایه‌های عمیق‌تر روان انسانی رهنمون می‌شود.

Scrutiny of the concept of courage guides us to deeper layers of the human psyche.

Highly formal verb 'rahnemūn shodan'.

6

او با شجاعتی مثال‌زدنی، میراث معنوی خود را حفظ کرد.

With exemplary courage, he preserved his spiritual heritage.

Formal adjective 'mesāl-zadanī'.

7

شجاعت، در غایت خود، همان رهایی از تعلقات دنیوی است.

Courage, in its ultimate form, is that very liberation from worldly attachments.

Mystical/Sufi context.

8

او شجاعتِ زیستن در ابهام را به امنیتِ دروغین ترجیح داد.

He preferred the courage of living in ambiguity over false security.

Complex abstract contrast.

常见搭配

شجاعت داشتن
شجاعت نشان دادن
شجاعت به خرج دادن
شجاعت اخلاقی
شجاعت مثال‌زدنی
اوج شجاعت
نشان شجاعت
با شجاعت تمام
شجاعت مدنی
کمبود شجاعت

常用短语

شجاعت داشته باش!

این کار شجاعت می‌خواهد.

او مظهر شجاعت است.

شجاعت گفتن حقیقت.

با کمال شجاعت.

شجاعت در برابر سختی‌ها.

تحسین شجاعت کسی.

شجاعتِ تغییر.

داستان‌های شجاعت.

شجاعتِ اعتراف.

容易混淆的词

شجاعت vs جسارت

شجاعت vs تهور

شجاعت vs شهامت

习语与表达

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容易混淆

شجاعت vs

شجاعت vs

شجاعت vs

شجاعت vs

شجاعت vs

句型

如何使用

literary

In poetry, it's often contrasted with 'tars' (fear) or 'zof' (weakness).

colloquial

In slang, 'jorgat' is more common for 'dares'.

常见错误
  • Using 'shojā'at' as an adjective (e.g., *او خیلی شجاعت است).
  • Confusing it with 'tahavvor' (recklessness).
  • Mispronouncing the 'j' as 'zh'.
  • Using 'kardan' instead of 'neshān dādan'.
  • Forgetting the 'at' suffix in formal contexts.

小贴士

Noun vs Adjective

Always check if you need the noun (shojā'at) or the adjective (shojā').

Synonyms

Learn 'shahāmat' alongside 'shojā'at' to sound more fluent.

Heroes

Read about Rostam to see 'shojā'at' in action.

The 'at' sound

Make sure to pronounce the 't' at the end clearly.

Light Verbs

Master 'be kharj dādan' for formal writing.

Association

Associate the word with a shield or a lion.

Essays

Use 'shojā'at-e madani' when writing about society.

Compliments

Tell someone 'shojā'at-et ghabl-e setāyeshe' (your courage is praiseworthy).

News

Listen for this word in reports about firefighters or rescuers.

Context

Look for how it's contrasted with 'tars' in stories.

记住它

词源

Arabic

文化背景

Today, 'shojā'at-e madani' (civil courage) is a frequent topic in social discourse.

Courage was the primary virtue of the 'Arteshtar' (warrior) class in ancient Iran.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"به نظر تو شجاعت یعنی چه؟ (What does courage mean to you?)"

"شجاع‌ترین کسی که می‌شناسی کیست؟ (Who is the bravest person you know?)"

"آیا تا به حال مجبور شده‌ای شجاعت زیادی نشان دهی؟ (Have you ever had to show a lot of courage?)"

"فرق شجاعت و حماقت چیست؟ (What is the difference between courage and stupidity?)"

"چطور می‌توانیم شجاعت خود را بیشتر کنیم؟ (How can we increase our courage?)"

日记主题

زمانی را بنویس که با وجود ترس، شجاعت به خرج دادی. (Write about a time you exercised courage despite fear.)

آیا شجاعت همیشه با سر و صدا همراه است؟ (Is courage always accompanied by noise/fame?)

نقش شجاعت در زندگی روزمره چیست؟ (What is the role of courage in daily life?)

یک قهرمان شجاع از نظر تو چه ویژگی‌هایی دارد؟ (What qualities does a brave hero have in your opinion?)

چرا بعضی‌ها شجاعت اعتراف به اشتباه را ندارند؟ (Why do some people lack the courage to admit mistakes?)

常见问题

10 个问题

No, it is used for any act of bravery, including moral and everyday actions.

They are often interchangeable, but 'shahāmat' is slightly more focused on moral courage.

It is better to say 'shojā'at neshān dādan' or 'shojā'at be kharj dādan'.

Yes, it is very common in both formal and informal Persian.

The adjective is 'shojā'' (شجاع).

Yes, it is always a positive attribute.

You say 'shojā'āne' (شجاعانه).

Yes, it is a central theme in the Shahnameh.

Yes, Persian has no gender, so it applies to everyone.

The most common opposite is 'tars' (fear) or 'bozdeli' (cowardice).

自我测试 176 个问题

/ 176 correct

Perfect score!

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