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C1 verb #6,000 最常用 7分钟阅读

ستاندن

setandan
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示 ستاندن 30秒了解
解析 ستاندن in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't really need to use the word 'setāndan'. It is too formal and difficult. Instead, you should focus on the word 'gereftan' (گرفتن), which means 'to take' or 'to get'. For example, if you want to say 'I take the book,' you say 'Man ketāb rā migiram'. 'Setāndan' is like the 'king' version of 'taking'. You only see it in very old stories or very formal writing. If you see it in a book, just remember it means 'to take' or 'to receive'. It has a past part 'setānd' and a present part 'setān'. But for now, just use 'gereftan' when you speak to your friends or family. It is much easier and more common in daily life.
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As an A2 learner, you might start seeing 'setāndan' in simple poems or formal news titles. You should know that it is a formal synonym for 'gereftan'. One place you will definitely see it is in the names of countries or places, like 'Golestān' (place of flowers) or 'Uzbekistān'. The '-stān' part comes from the same root as 'setāndan' and means a place where something 'stands' or is 'held'. While you shouldn't use 'setāndan' in your daily conversations yet, recognizing it will help you understand that Persian has different 'levels' of words for the same action. 'Gereftan' is for everyday things, while 'setāndan' is for more serious or formal situations.
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At the B1 level, you are moving into more complex Persian. You should understand that 'setāndan' (past stem: setānd, present stem: setān) is used in formal writing to mean 'to exact' or 'to receive formally'. You will often see it in the compound verb 'bāz-setāndan', which means 'to take back' or 'to reclaim'. This is common in news reports about law or history. For example, 'The police took back the stolen car' might use 'bāz-setānd'. You are also more likely to encounter it in classical literature like the Shahnameh. Start noticing how it is used with words like 'bāj' (tribute) or 'hagh' (right). It sounds much more professional than 'pas gereftan'.
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By B2, you should be able to distinguish between 'gereftan', 'akhz kardan', and 'setāndan'. 'Setāndan' is the most literary of the three. It implies a sense of authority or a rightful acquisition. In your writing, you can use 'setāndan' to elevate your style, especially when discussing historical events or philosophical concepts. For instance, when writing about a historical figure reclaiming their throne, 'setāndan' is much more appropriate than 'gereftan'. You should also be comfortable with its conjugation in the past and present stems. Remember that it's a transitive verb and usually requires the object marker 'rā'. Using it correctly shows you have a deep grasp of Persian registers.
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At the C1 level, 'setāndan' should be part of your active formal vocabulary. You should use it to express nuances of taking that involve legal right, divine action, or historical exaction. You should be familiar with its appearance in complex compounds like 'dād-setān' (prosecutor) and 'jān-setān' (soul-taker). At this level, you are expected to read classical texts and modern academic papers where this verb is used to provide precision and a specific tone. You should also understand its etymological connection to the suffix '-stān' and how it relates to the Indo-European root for 'standing' or 'placing'. Mastery of 'setāndan' allows you to appreciate the rhythmic and stylistic choices made by great Persian prose writers.
For a C2 learner, 'setāndan' is a tool for stylistic precision and rhetorical power. You understand its historical evolution from Middle Persian 'stāndan' and its role in the development of the Persian verbal system. You can use it in high-level academic discourse, legal drafting, or creative literature to evoke specific historical or emotional responses. You are aware of its subtle differences from Arabic-rooted synonyms like 'istifā' (receiving in full) or 'akhz'. In your own C2-level production, you might use 'setāndan' to create a sense of inevitability or formal justice that 'gereftan' simply cannot convey. You are fully attuned to the word's resonance in the Persian literary canon, from Ferdowsi to the modern day.
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开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

ستاندن 30秒了解

  • A formal Persian verb meaning to take or receive.
  • Often used for exacting taxes, justice, or rights.
  • Commonly found in literature, news, and legal contexts.
  • The present stem '-stan' is found in many place names.

The Persian verb ستاندن (Setāndan) is a high-register, literary, and formal term that translates primarily to 'to take,' 'to receive,' or 'to exact.' While a beginner learner might rely solely on the common verb gereftan (گرفتن) for all actions involving taking or getting, the seasoned speaker or literature enthusiast recognizes ستاندن as the word of choice for more significant, formal, or even forceful acquisitions. Historically and linguistically, it carries a weight of authority or destiny. When you use this word, you are not just picking up a pen; you are perhaps reclaiming a right, exacting a tribute, or receiving a divine gift.

Core Concept
The act of bringing something into one's possession, often implying a formal process, a rightful claim, or a forceful demand.
Register
Highly formal, archaic, and literary. It is frequently encountered in classical poetry, legal terminology, and historical narratives.
Modern Usage
In contemporary spoken Persian, it is rare. However, its present stem -stan is ubiquitous in geographical names like 'Afghanistan' (land of the Afghans).

To understand ستاندن, one must look at the nuances of 'taking.' In the context of justice, the phrase dād setāndan (داد ستاندن) means to take back justice or to seek retribution. This isn't a casual 'getting' of justice; it is a profound restoration of balance. Similarly, in a historical context, a king might bāj setāndan (باج ستاندن)—take tribute—from a conquered territory. This implies a formal, systematic extraction rather than a simple theft.

پادشاه از دشمنان خود باج و خراج ستاند.
(The king took tribute and taxes from his enemies.)

Furthermore, the word appears in religious and mystical contexts. For example, the Angel of Death is sometimes referred to as jān-setān (جان‌ستان), the 'taker of souls.' Here, the verb signifies a transition of possession that is absolute and inevitable. This depth of meaning is why ستاندن is indispensable for C1 learners who wish to navigate the complexities of Persian literature and formal discourse.

او حق خود را از ستمگران باز ستاند.
(He reclaimed his right from the oppressors.)

Using ستاندن correctly requires an understanding of its conjugation and its specific collocations. The past stem is ستاند (setānd) and the present stem is ستان (setān). Because of its formal nature, you will often find it in the past tense when narrating historical events or in the present subjunctive in formal requests or poetic aspirations.

Transitive Nature
It is a transitive verb, meaning it always takes a direct object (the thing being taken). The object is often followed by the postposition 'rā' (را).
Prepositional Usage
When specifying from whom something is taken, the preposition 'az' (از) is used.

Let's look at the conjugation in a literary context. In the past tense: 'Man setāndam' (I took), 'To setāndi' (You took), 'Ou setānd' (He/She/It took). In modern writing, the prefix 'mi-' is often added for the imperfect: 'mi-setānd' (he was taking/used to take). However, in the most classical texts, the 'mi-' might be absent, relying on context for tense.

دولت مالیات‌های سنگینی از مردم می‌ستاند.
(The government was exacting heavy taxes from the people.)

A very common usage is with the prefix 'bāz' (باز), forming the compound verb bāz-setāndan (بازستاندن), which means 'to take back' or 'to reclaim.' This is perhaps the most frequent way you will see the verb used in modern legal or journalistic Persian.

قهرمان مدال خود را پس از سال‌ها باز ستاند.
(The champion reclaimed his medal after many years.)

When writing, remember that ستاندن creates a tone of solemnity. If you use it in a text message to a friend about a book you borrowed, it will sound humorous or overly dramatic. Reserve it for essays, formal letters, or creative writing where you want to emphasize the significance of the acquisition.

While you might not hear ستاندن in a casual conversation at a café in Tehran, it resonates through several specific spheres of Iranian life and culture. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word when it appears.

Historical Dramas and Cinema
In television series like 'Sarbedaran' or films depicting the Qajar or Safavid eras, characters use ستاندن to discuss taxes, land rights, and royal decrees. It helps establish the period's atmosphere.
News and Jurisprudence
Formal news broadcasts regarding the 'reclaiming of national assets' or legal proceedings often use the term bāz-setāndan. It sounds more official and authoritative than 'pas gereftan'.
Literature and Poetry Recitation
Iranians have a deep love for poetry. In public recitations of Rumi, Hafez, or Ferdowsi, ستاندن is a recurring verb, describing the soul taking flight or a hero taking a throne.

Consider the famous epic, the Shahnameh. When heroes like Rostam engage in battle, the act of 'taking' the enemy's life or 'taking' a fortress is almost always described with ستاندن. This usage cements the word in the collective Iranian consciousness as one of power and destiny.

در اخبار آمد که پلیس اموال مسروقه را باز ستاند.
(It was reported in the news that the police reclaimed the stolen property.)

In addition to these formal settings, you might hear the word in academic lectures. A professor of history or sociology might use setāndan to describe the extraction of resources by colonial powers. The word provides a precise academic tone that the more common gereftan lacks.

Because ستاندن is a C1-level word, the most common mistake is misjudging the register. Using it in the wrong context can make a speaker sound 'kitābi' (bookish) to an awkward degree. Here are the pitfalls to avoid:

The 'Coffee Shop' Error
Mistake: 'Man ghahve-am rā setāndam.' (I took my coffee). This sounds like you performed a royal ceremony to receive your latte. Correct: 'Ghahve-am rā gereftam.'
Conjugation Confusion
Learners often confuse the present stem setān with setā (the stem for 'praising'). Make sure to keep the 'n' in ستاندن.
Object Marking
Sometimes learners forget the 'rā' (را) when the object is definite. Since ستاندن is often used for specific, important things (like 'the crown' or 'the right'), 'rā' is almost always necessary.

Another mistake involves the passive voice. While in English we might say 'The money was taken,' in formal Persian, the passive of ستاندن is formed with shodan: 'setānde shod.' Some learners mistakenly use the active form when they mean the passive, which changes the meaning from 'it was taken' to 'he/she took.'

اشتباه: او از من کتاب را ستاند (در حالی که منظور این است که کتاب از او گرفته شد).
(Mistake: He took the book from me—when you meant the book was taken from him.)

Finally, watch out for the difference between setāndan and setāyesh kardan. They sound similar but are unrelated. One is about taking, the other is about praising. Using 'setān' when you mean to praise someone is a significant lexical error.

To truly master ستاندن, you must see how it sits alongside its synonyms. Persian is rich in verbs for 'taking,' each with its own flavor.

گرفتن (Gereftan)
The universal 'to take/get.' Neutral register. Use this 95% of the time in speech.
اخذ کردن (Akhz Kardan)
An Arabic-rooted compound verb. Used in bureaucratic and legal contexts (e.g., 'akhz-e parvāneh' - obtaining a license).
دریافت کردن (Daryāft Kardan)
To receive. Used for emails, signals, or signals. It implies a more passive 'getting' than the active 'taking' of ستاندن.

The main difference between ستاندن and its alternatives is the sense of 'claim' or 'exaction.' While gereftan is just the physical act, ستاندن often implies that the object is being moved from one authority to another. For example, you 'gereftan' a gift, but you 'setāndan' a debt.

وام‌دهنده طلب خود را از بدهکار ستاند.
(The lender exacted his debt from the debtor.)

In poetic contexts, rabūdan (ربودن) is another alternative, meaning 'to snatch' or 'to steal away' (often used for hearts). ستاندن is more orderly and formal than rabūdan. If a lover 'takes' your heart in a gentle, fated way, they might setāndan it; if they snatch it away suddenly, they rabūdan it.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The suffix '-stān' in country names like 'Tajikistan' is the present stem of this verb. It literally means 'the place where the [people] are situated/held'. So when you say 'ستاندن', you are using the verbal form of the root that gives us the word 'land' or 'place' in half of Asia!

发音指南

UK /setɒːndæn/
US /seɪtɑːndæn/
The stress is typically on the final syllable of the stem in the infinitive (setān-DAN).
押韵词
خواندن (khwāndan) ماندن (māndan) راندن (rāndan) نشاندن (neshāndan) کشاندن (keshāndan) افشاندن (afshāndan) سوزاندن (suzāndan) خواباندن (khwābāndan)
常见错误
  • Pronouncing it like 'setā-yand-an' (confusing with praising).
  • Using a short 'a' in the second syllable instead of the long 'ā'.
  • Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.
  • Forgetting the 'n' in the present stem 'setān'.
  • Confusing the 's' with a 'sh' sound.

难度评级

阅读 4/5

Common in literature but requires understanding of formal stems.

写作 5/5

Difficult to use correctly without sounding overly dramatic or archaic.

口语 5/5

Rarely spoken; using it requires high social awareness of register.

听力 4/5

Found in news and historical films; important for comprehension.

接下来学什么

前置知识

گرفتن دادن حق شاه مالیات

接下来学习

اخذ کردن استیفا مصادره تملک واگذاری

高级

فراستاندن گسیل داشتن ابتیاع کردن رهاندن

需要掌握的语法

Transitive Verbs and 'Rā'

او کتاب را ستاند. (The direct object 'ketāb' needs 'rā' because it is specific.)

Present Stem Formation

The present stem of ستاندن is ستان. (Used in می‌ستانم, بستان).

Compound Verbs with 'Bāz'

Adding 'bāz' changes 'taking' to 'reclaiming'.

Literary Imperative

The imperative is formed as بستان (Bostān), which is very formal.

Passive with 'Shodan'

اموال ستانده شدند. (The property was taken.)

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按水平分级的例句

1

او کتاب را از من ستاند.

He took the book from me.

Simple past tense of ستاندن.

2

من هدیه را ستاندم.

I received the gift.

First person singular past tense.

3

آنها حق خود را می‌ستانند.

They are taking their right.

Present continuous (literary style).

4

تو پول را ستاندی؟

Did you take the money?

Second person singular past tense.

5

ما جایزه را ستاندیم.

We received the prize.

First person plural past tense.

6

بچه اسباب‌بازی را ستاند.

The child took the toy.

Third person singular past tense.

7

او از او گل را ستاند.

He took the flower from her.

Using 'az' for the source.

8

شما نامه را ستاندید.

You (plural) received the letter.

Second person plural past tense.

1

پادشاه از مردم باج می‌ستاند.

The king used to take tribute from the people.

Imperfect past tense showing habitual action.

2

او می‌خواهد حقش را بستاند.

He wants to take his right.

Present subjunctive with 'be-' prefix (bostānad).

3

آنها زمین را از او ستاندند.

They took the land from him.

Third person plural past tense.

4

آیا تو این خبر را ستاندی؟

Did you receive this news?

Formal way of saying 'receive'.

5

ما باید داد خود را بستانیم.

We must take our justice.

Modal verb 'bāyad' with subjunctive.

6

او مدال را بازستاند.

He reclaimed the medal.

Compound verb 'bāz-setāndan'.

7

پلیس مال مسروقه را ستاند.

The police took the stolen property.

Formal report style.

8

خورشید نور خود را از زمین می‌ستاند.

The sun takes its light (back) from the earth.

Poetic usage.

1

او با تلاش بسیار، مقام اول را ستاند.

With much effort, he took the first place.

Formal narrative style.

2

دولت از ثروتمندان مالیات بیشتری می‌ستاند.

The government exacts more taxes from the wealthy.

Present tense describing policy.

3

او می‌کوشد تا دل معشوق را بستاند.

He tries to win (take) the beloved's heart.

Literary metaphor.

4

بازستاندنِ بدهی‌ها کار دشواری است.

Reclaiming debts is a difficult task.

Gerund/Infinitive as a noun.

5

او به اجبار اقرار را از متهم ستاند.

He forced a confession from the accused.

Describing forceful taking.

6

طبیعت جان او را در جوانی ستاند.

Nature took his life in his youth.

Euphemism for death.

7

قهرمان شمشیر را از دست دشمن ستاند.

The hero took the sword from the enemy's hand.

Classical narrative.

8

او امانت را از دوستش بازستاند.

He took back the item he had entrusted to his friend.

Formal social interaction.

1

دولت موظف است حقوق ضایع‌شده را بازستاند.

The government is duty-bound to reclaim violated rights.

Passive-like construction with 'bāz-setāndan'.

2

او با کلامی نافذ، اختیار مجلس را به دست ستاند.

With a piercing speech, he took control of the assembly.

Describing taking control/authority.

3

این شاعر بزرگ، الهام خود را از طبیعت می‌ستاند.

This great poet draws (takes) his inspiration from nature.

Abstract usage in arts.

4

دادستان کل، پرونده را برای بررسی بیشتر ستاند.

The Prosecutor General took the case for further investigation.

Official legal context.

5

او در نبردی تن‌به‌تن، پیروزی را از آن خود ستاند.

In a hand-to-hand fight, he made the victory his own.

Epic/Literary style.

6

زمان، زیبایی را از چهره‌ها می‌ستاند.

Time takes beauty away from faces.

Philosophical personification.

7

او با حیله و نیرنگ، ثروت پیرمرد را ستاند.

With trickery and deceit, he took the old man's wealth.

Negative moral context.

8

ما باید میراث فرهنگی خود را از بیگانگان بازستانیم.

We must reclaim our cultural heritage from foreigners.

Nationalistic/Formal discourse.

1

خسرو از شیرین پیمان وفاداری ستاند.

Khosrow took a vow of loyalty from Shirin.

Literary/Poetic context of taking a vow.

2

او در مقام دادستان، وظیفه دارد دادِ مظلوم را بستاند.

In his position as prosecutor, he has the duty to exact justice for the oppressed.

Fixed expression 'dād setāndan'.

3

مرگ، بی‌خبر می‌آید و جان شیرین می‌ستاند.

Death comes unannounced and takes the sweet life.

Classical personification of death.

4

او از هر فرصتی برای ستاندنِ انتقام بهره می‌جست.

He utilized every opportunity to take revenge.

Infinitive used as a noun in a complex sentence.

5

حاکم مستبد، آزادی را از ملت خود ستاند.

The despotic ruler took freedom from his nation.

Political/Historical analysis.

6

او با ذکاوت، گوی سبقت را از رقیبان ستاند.

With wit, he took the lead (ball of precedence) from his rivals.

Idiomatic usage of 'setāndan'.

7

در این پژوهش، داده‌ها از منابع معتبر ستانده شده‌اند.

In this research, data has been taken from reliable sources.

Passive voice 'setānde shodan'.

8

او با نگاهی سرد، آرامش را از دل من ستاند.

With a cold look, he took the peace from my heart.

Romantic/Lyric poetry style.

1

عارف در جذبه‌ی الهی، خودیِ خود را به حق می‌سپارد تا حق از او خودی‌اش را بستاند.

The mystic in divine attraction surrenders his self to Truth, so that Truth may take his selfhood from him.

Sufi metaphysical discourse.

2

تاریخ، قضاوت نهایی را از معاصران می‌ستاند و به آیندگان می‌سپارد.

History takes the final judgment from contemporaries and entrusts it to future generations.

Philosophical personification of history.

3

او در پی آن بود که غرامت جنگی را با تمام جزئیات بازستاند.

He sought to reclaim the war reparations in full detail.

Formal diplomatic/historical context.

4

این اثر هنری، گویی روح را از کالبد می‌ستاند.

This artwork, it's as if it takes the soul from the body.

Hyperbolic aesthetic praise.

5

او با استناد به قوانین باستان، حق حاکمیت را ستاند.

By citing ancient laws, he took the right of sovereignty.

Legal/Historical legitimacy context.

6

طبیعت با طوفانی سهمگین، آنچه بخشیده بود بازستاند.

Nature, with a terrible storm, took back what it had given.

Metaphor for the cyclical nature of life.

7

او با ریاضت، لذت‌های دنیوی را از خود ستاند.

Through asceticism, he took worldly pleasures away from himself.

Spiritual/Ascetic context.

8

نویسنده با نثری مسجع، هوش از سر خواننده می‌ستاند.

The author, with rhymed prose, takes the intelligence from the reader's head (amazes them).

Literary idiom for amazement.

常见搭配

باج ستاندن
داد ستاندن
انتقام ستاندن
جان ستاندن
حق ستاندن
مالیات ستاندن
پیمان ستاندن
اجازه ستاندن
بوسه ستاندن
خبر ستاندن

常用短语

بازستاندن حق

— To reclaim a right that was taken away.

او تمام عمر برای بازستاندن حقش جنگید.

ستاندن طلب

— To collect a debt from someone.

طلبکار برای ستاندن طلبش به خانه او رفت.

دادستان

— A prosecutor (one who takes/seeks justice).

دادستان حکم بازداشت را صادر کرد.

جان‌ستان

— Something that takes life; lethal.

بیماریِ جان‌ستانی در شهر شایع شد.

باج‌ستان

— A tribute-taker or an extortionist.

او به عنوان باج‌ستان در منطقه شناخته می‌شد.

ستانده

— Something that has been taken; an output.

ستانده‌های این کارخانه بسیار باکیفیت است.

بستان و بده

— A give-and-take situation (less common than 'de va bestān').

زندگی همیشه بستان و بده است.

دل‌ستان

— Heart-taker; a beautiful person.

نگارِ دل‌ستانِ من کجاست؟

خراج ستاندن

— To collect land taxes or tribute.

امپراتوری از ایالات خود خراج می‌ستاند.

انتقام‌ستان

— An avenger.

او خود را انتقام‌ستانِ خونِ پدر می‌دانست.

容易混淆的词

ستاندن vs ستودن (Sotudan)

Means to praise. Its present stem is 'setā', which is very close to 'setān'.

ستاندن vs ایستادن (Istādan)

Means to stand. Related root but very different meaning.

ستاندن vs فرستادن (Ferestādan)

Means to send. The ending sounds similar but the meaning is the opposite.

习语与表达

"داد از کسی ستاندن"

— To get justice from someone or punish them for their wrongs.

خداوند دادِ ما را از ظالمان خواهد ستاند.

Literary/Religious
"گوی سبقت را ستاندن"

— To surpass everyone else; to win the competition.

او در امتحانات گوی سبقت را از همه ستاند.

Formal/Literary
"جان به در ستاندن"

— To barely escape with one's life (rare variant).

او از آن حادثه جان به در ستاند.

Archaic
"هوش از سر کسی ستاندن"

— To amaze someone or make them lose their senses (due to beauty or shock).

زیبایی منظره هوش از سرش ستاند.

Poetic
"دل از کسی ستاندن"

— To make someone fall in love.

آن پری‌رو با یک نگاه دل از من ستاند.

Poetic
"خواب از چشم کسی ستاندن"

— To make someone unable to sleep (due to worry or excitement).

نگرانی برای امتحان خواب از چشمم ستاند.

Literary
"نفس از کسی ستاندن"

— To take someone's breath away or to kill them.

سرمای شدید نفس از کوهنورد ستاند.

Literary
"فرمان ستاندن"

— To receive a royal order or command.

سردار از پادشاه فرمان ستاند.

Historical
"زهر چشم ستاندن"

— To intimidate someone (variant of 'zahr-e chashm gereftan').

او با این کار از رقیبان زهر چشم ستاند.

Formal
"کام ستاندن"

— To achieve one's desire or to enjoy oneself.

او از زندگی کام ستاند.

Literary/Poetic

容易混淆

ستاندن vs ستان (Setān)

It is both the present stem of 'setāndan' and a suffix for locations.

As a verb stem, it means 'taking'; as a suffix, it means 'place of'.

می‌ستانم (I take) vs. گلستان (Rose garden).

ستاندن vs بستان (Bostān)

Can mean 'garden' or 'take!' (imperative).

Context usually clarifies; 'Bostān' as a garden is a noun, as a verb it's an imperative.

به بستان رفتم (I went to the garden) vs. این را بستان (Take this!).

ستاندن vs ستایش (Setāyesh)

Sounds like it could be the noun form of 'setāndan'.

It is the noun form of 'setāyidan' (to praise).

ستایش خدا (Praise of God).

ستاندن vs گرفتن (Gereftan)

Both mean 'to take'.

Gereftan is common/informal; Setāndan is literary/formal.

پول را گرفت (He took the money) vs. باج را ستاند (He exacted the tribute).

ستاندن vs دریافت (Daryāft)

Both can mean 'receive'.

Daryāft is neutral; Setāndan implies a formal or forceful taking.

نامه را دریافت کرد (He received the letter).

句型

B1

باید [اسم] را از [شخص] بستانم.

باید پولم را از او بستانم.

B2

[شخص] موفق شد [اسم] را بازستاند.

او موفق شد مدال را بازستاند.

C1

در متون تاریخی آمده است که [شخص] از [شخص] باج می‌ستاند.

در متون تاریخی آمده است که داریوش از یونانیان باج می‌ستاند.

C1

[اسم] هوش از سر [شخص] ستاند.

صدای آوازش هوش از سر من ستاند.

C2

آنچه [فاعل] می‌ستاند، [مفعول] است.

آنچه مرگ می‌ستاند، جانِ آدمی است.

C2

به موجب قانون، دولت حق دارد [اسم] را بستاند.

به موجب قانون، دولت حق دارد مالیات را بستاند.

B2

او با تلاشِ بسیار، [اسم] را از آنِ خود ستاند.

او با تلاش بسیار، قهرمانی را از آن خود ستاند.

C1

دادستان وظیفه دارد دادِ [مظلوم] را بستاند.

دادستان وظیفه دارد دادِ کارگران را بستاند.

词族

名词

ستاننده (taker)
ستانش (taking - rare)
دادستان (prosecutor)
دادستانی (prosecution)
باج‌ستان (extortioner)

动词

بازستاندن (to reclaim)
واستاندن (to take back - colloquial/dialectal)

形容词

ستاندنی (worth taking)
جان‌ستان (life-taking)
دل‌ستان (charming)

相关

ایستادن (to stand - same root)
آستانه (threshold)
بیمارستان (hospital)
گلستان (rose garden)
کردستان (Kurdistan)
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如何使用

frequency

Low in daily speech, High in literature and formal news.

常见错误
  • Using 'setāndan' to mean 'to praise'. → ستودن (Sotudan)

    This is a common confusion because the present stems (setān vs. setā) are very similar.

  • Using 'setāndan' for 'taking a bus' or 'taking a shower'. → سوار اتوبوس شدن / دوش گرفتن

    'Setāndan' is only for taking possession of objects or rights, not for activities.

  • Forgetting the 'rā' for definite objects. → کتاب را ستاندم.

    Since 'setāndan' is formal, it usually deals with specific, important objects that require 'rā'.

  • Misspelling the present stem as 'setām'. → ستان

    The 'n' is essential; it comes from the historical root 'stān-'.

  • Using 'setāndan' in a casual text message. → گرفتن

    It sounds extremely out of place and potentially arrogant or weird in a casual setting.

小贴士

Context is King

Only use 'setāndan' in writing when you want to sound authoritative, historical, or poetic. In all other cases, 'gereftan' is safer.

Learn the Stem

Focus on the stem 'setān'. It appears in many important words like 'Dād-setān' (Prosecutor) which you will see in the news often.

Past vs Present

The past 'setānd' is much more common than the present 'mi-setānad'. You'll mostly encounter it in the past tense in books.

Shahnameh Connection

If you plan to read the Shahnameh, this is one of the top 50 verbs you must know. It appears in almost every battle scene.

Reclaiming Rights

The best modern use for this word is 'bāz-setāndan-e hagh' (reclaiming one's right). It sounds very powerful in a formal essay.

The 'Stan' Rule

Remember: Afghanistan is where Afghans 'stand'. 'Setāndan' is the action of making something 'stand' with you.

Indo-European Roots

Knowing it's related to 'stand' helps English speakers remember the 'st' sound at the beginning.

Long A

Ensure the 'ā' in 'setān' is deep and long, like the 'a' in 'father'. A short 'a' will make it sound like a different word.

News Keywords

When listening to Iranian news, 'dād-setāni' (the prosecutor's office) is a keyword you will hear almost every day.

Compound Power

Combine it with 'bāz' to immediately sound like a C1-level writer. 'Bāz-setāndan' is a very elegant verb.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of the word 'Stand'. When you 'Setāndan' something, you make it 'Stand' in your own possession. Or imagine a king 'Standing' over his subjects to 'Setāndan' (take) taxes.

视觉联想

Visualize a hand reaching out from a map of a '-stān' country (like Uzbekistan) to 'take' a golden coin. The '-stān' reminds you of the root, and the taking reminds you of the verb.

Word Web

ستاندن (to take) بازستاندن (to reclaim) دادستان (prosecutor) باج (tribute) حق (right) جان (soul) ستان (present stem) گلستان (place of flowers)

挑战

Try to write three sentences using 'setāndan' instead of 'gereftan' in a formal context (e.g., about history, law, or poetry).

词源

Derived from Middle Persian 'stāndan', which comes from the Old Persian root 'stā-'.

原始含义： To cause to stand, to place, or to establish. Over time, it evolved to mean 'to take' or 'to hold'.

Indo-European (Cognate with English 'stand', Latin 'stare', and Sanskrit 'sthā').

文化背景

Be careful not to use this word for trivial things like 'taking a seat' or 'taking a shower', as it will sound bizarrely formal.

The word is similar in register to the English 'to exact' or 'to requisition'. It is not a word for daily errands.

The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi (frequent use in battles) The Masnavi of Rumi (used for spiritual taking) Modern Iranian Legal Code (Prosecutor's office titles)

在生活中练习

真实语境

Legal Proceedings

  • بازستاندن اموال
  • دادستان پرونده
  • ستاندن اقرار
  • حقوق قانونی

Classical Literature

  • باج و خراج
  • داد ستاندن
  • جان‌ستان
  • دل‌ستان

Historical Narratives

  • فتح و ستاندن
  • فرمان پادشاه
  • تخت و تاج
  • غنایم جنگی

Religious/Mystical Texts

  • قبض روح
  • ستاندن جان
  • فیض الهی
  • تجلی حق

Formal News/Journalism

  • استرداد و بازستاندن
  • مطالبات معوقه
  • حقوق پایمال‌شده
  • اجرای عدالت

对话开场白

"آیا تا به حال مجبور شده‌اید حق خود را به سختی از کسی بازستانید؟"

"به نظر شما وظیفه اصلی یک دادستان در جامعه چیست؟"

"در تاریخ ایران، کدام پادشاه بیشترین باج را از دشمنان می‌ستاند؟"

"آیا در زبان شما هم کلمه‌ای وجود دارد که فقط برای 'گرفتن' در سطح بالا باشد؟"

"وقتی کلمه 'جان‌ستان' را می‌شنوید، چه تصویری در ذهن شما نقش می‌بندد؟"

日记主题

درباره زمانی بنویسید که احساس کردید عدالت اجرا شده و شما 'دادِ' خود را ستانده‌اید.

تحلیلی بنویسید درباره اینکه چگونه مالیات ستاندن عادلانه می‌تواند به پیشرفت جامعه کمک کند.

یک داستان کوتاه تاریخی بنویسید که در آن قهرمان باید یک شیء جادویی را از دیو بستاند.

تفاوت‌های معنایی و احساسی بین 'گرفتن' و 'ستاندن' را در یک پاراگراف توضیح دهید.

اگر می‌توانستید یک ویژگی بد را از دنیا بستانید، آن چه بود و چرا؟

常见问题

10 个问题

Almost never. If you use it while buying groceries, people will think you are joking or speaking like a character from a medieval movie. Use 'gereftan' instead.

The present stem is 'setān'. So: می‌ستانم، می‌ستانی، می‌ستاند، می‌ستانیم، می‌ستانید، می‌ستانند. Note that this sounds very bookish.

'Setāndan' is to take or receive. 'Bāz-setāndan' specifically means to take back or reclaim something that was yours or should be yours.

Yes! It comes from the same Indo-European root meaning 'to stand' or 'to place'. The suffix refers to a place where a group of people 'stands' or is 'situated'.

No. For taking a photo, always use 'aks gereftan'. 'Aks setāndan' is incorrect and sounds very strange.

It means 'Prosecutor'. 'Dād' means justice, and 'setān' is the taker. So, a prosecutor is a 'justice-taker'.

No. 'Satan' is of Hebrew origin (Ha-Satan), whereas 'setāndan' is Indo-European. The phonetic similarity is a coincidence.

In some very old texts, it could imply acquiring through purchase, but today 'kharidan' is the only word used for buying.

Use the passive form 'setānde shod'. For example: 'حق او ستانده شد' (His right was taken).

Yes, many formal Persian translations of the Quran use 'setāndan' for words related to taking souls or exacting punishment.

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自我测试 200 个问题

writing

Write a sentence using 'بازستاندن' in a formal legal context.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate to Persian: 'The king took tribute from the city.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Use the word 'جان‌ستان' in a poetic sentence.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence about seeking justice using 'داد ستاندن'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Explain the difference between 'gereftan' and 'setāndan' in Persian.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a short paragraph (3 sentences) about a hero reclaiming a sword.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'Time takes beauty away from everyone.'

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Create a sentence using 'هوش از سر کسی ستاندن'.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a formal announcement about reclaiming national land.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Use 'ستاندن' in the first person plural, present continuous tense.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'The prosecutor took the evidence.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence about a lover 'taking' a heart.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Use 'ستانده شدن' in a sentence about taxes.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Translate: 'Reclaiming the debt was not easy.'

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence using the imperative 'بستان'.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Describe a historical event using 'باج ستاندن'.

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正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
writing

Write a sentence about 'taking a vow'.

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writing

Use 'ستاننده' as a noun in a sentence.

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writing

Translate: 'Nature takes back what it gives.'

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writing

Write a sentence comparing 'gereftan' and 'setāndan'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
speaking

Pronounce the word 'ستاندن' correctly.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say 'I reclaimed my right' in formal Persian.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Use 'ستاندن' in a sentence about history.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Explain the meaning of 'Jan-setan' in your own words.

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speaking

Recite a short poetic phrase using 'دل‌ستان'.

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speaking

How would a prosecutor say 'I will take justice'?

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say 'The sun takes the darkness away' formally.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Use 'bāz-setāndan' in a sentence about a lost object.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Explain why 'setāndan' is not used in a coffee shop.

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speaking

Describe a 'Bāj-setān' in a sentence.

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speaking

Conjugate 'setāndan' in the past tense for 'They'.

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speaking

Use the present stem 'setān' in a compound word.

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speaking

Say 'He took my peace of mind' poetically.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Ask someone 'Did you receive the order?' formally.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Explain the etymology of '-stan' in 15 words.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say 'Justice was taken' in the passive voice.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Use 'setāndan' in a sentence about a competition.

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speaking

How do you say 'to exact taxes'?

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speaking

Create a sentence with 'hush az sar setāndan'.

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speaking

Say 'We must take back our land' formally.

Read this aloud:

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listening

Listen to the word 'Setāndan'. Does it end with an 'n' or a 'd'?

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listening

In the phrase 'Bāz-setāndan', what does 'Bāz' signify?

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listening

Listen to: 'او حقش را ستاند'. Is this past or present?

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listening

Identify the object in: 'پادشاه باج ستاند'.

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listening

Listen to: 'می‌ستانم'. Which person is this?

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listening

Does 'setāndan' sound more like 'gereftan' or 'dādan' in tone?

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listening

In 'Dād-setān', which part means 'Justice'?

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listening

Is the 'ā' in 'setān' long or short?

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listening

Listen to: 'نستان'. Is this a command to take or not to take?

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listening

What is the common modern equivalent of 'setāndan'?

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listening

Identify the prefix in 'بازستاندیم'.

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listening

Does 'setāndan' have two or three syllables?

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listening

Listen to: 'جان‌ستان'. Is the stress on 'Jān' or 'tān'?

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listening

In a news report, if you hear 'bāz-setāndan', is it likely about a crime or a party?

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listening

Listen to: 'بستان'. Does this sound like a noun or a verb in the sentence 'این را بستان'?

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/ 200 correct

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