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A2 noun #800 最常用 9分钟阅读

توان

前800

开始练习例句笔记与提示 توان 30秒了解

解析 توان in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should recognize 'توان' (Tavān) as the root of the very important verb 'توانستن' (tavānestan), which means 'to be able to' or 'can'. While you might not use the noun 'توان' by itself very often yet, you will see it in simple phrases like 'توانِ من' (my power/ability). Think of it as the word for 'can' in noun form. At this stage, just focus on the idea that 'Tavān' relates to being able to do things. If you are tired, you might say 'توان ندارم' (I have no power), which is a simple way to say you are exhausted. It's a foundational word that helps you understand how Persian builds verbs from nouns. You will mostly see it in the context of physical strength or simple 'yes/no' abilities. Learning this word now will make it much easier to learn the verb 'mitavānam' (I can) later on, as they share the same core meaning of capacity and possibility.

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At the A2 level, you start using 'توان' (Tavān) in more specific ways, especially regarding physical and financial capacity. You will learn the phrase 'توانِ مالی' (tavān-e mālī), which means 'financial ability' or 'affordability'. This is very useful when shopping or talking about prices. You also begin to see 'توان' used with the Ezafe to describe the ability to do specific actions, like 'توانِ رفتن' (the ability to go) or 'توانِ کار کردن' (the ability to work). You are moving beyond simple 'can' and 'cannot' and starting to describe *why* or *how* someone is able to do something. You might also encounter it in simple math problems or when talking about the 'power' of a small machine or a battery. It's a step toward more descriptive Persian where you talk about your resources and limits.

By B1, you should be comfortable using 'توان' (Tavān) in abstract and social contexts. You will encounter words like 'توانمند' (tavānmand - powerful/capable) and 'توانایی' (tavānāyi - ability/skill). At this level, you can use 'توان' to discuss personal potential and effort. For example, 'در حد توان' (to the extent of one's ability) is a common phrase you might use when promising to help someone. You also start to see 'توان' in the news, particularly regarding 'توانِ خرید' (purchasing power) of the people or the 'توانِ تولید' (production capacity) of a factory. You are now using the word to talk about systems and groups, not just yourself. You understand that 'توان' is a versatile tool for describing the 'output' or 'potential' of almost anything, from a person's heart to a country's economy.

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At the B2 level, 'توان' (Tavān) becomes a key part of your academic and professional vocabulary. You will use it in technical discussions about 'توانِ خروجی' (output power) in engineering or 'توانِ رقابتی' (competitive edge/power) in business. You should be able to distinguish between 'توان' and its synonyms like 'قدرت' or 'نیرو' in complex sentences. You will also encounter it in literature and more formal writing, where it might describe the 'توانِ روحی' (spiritual/mental strength) of a character. At this stage, you are expected to use the word with precision, understanding its mathematical implications (exponents) and its role in compound words like 'توان‌بخشی' (rehabilitation/empowerment). Your sentences will become more nuanced, using 'توان' to describe subtle differences in capacity and endurance.

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At the C1 level, you explore the philosophical and highly technical depths of 'توان' (Tavān). You will read classical Persian poetry where 'توان' represents the divine or human capacity for love and sacrifice. In scientific texts, you will deal with 'توان' as a precise physical quantity, involving complex calculations and theories. You should be able to discuss 'empowerment' (توانمندسازی) as a socio-political theory and use the word in formal debates. Your understanding of the word's etymology (from Middle Persian) helps you appreciate its historical weight. You can use 'توان' to express irony or deep metaphors, such as 'توانِ تحملِ تنهایی' (the power to endure loneliness). At this level, the word is no longer just a vocabulary item; it is a conceptual building block for expressing complex human experiences and scientific realities.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'توان' (Tavān) is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You can navigate the most archaic poetic uses of the word in the Shahnameh, where it signifies royal might and cosmic order, as well as the most cutting-edge scientific papers on 'توانِ هسته‌ای' (nuclear power) or 'توانِ محاسباتی' (computational power). You understand the subtle rhythmic and rhetorical roles 'توان' plays in Persian prose. You can use it to construct sophisticated arguments about 'توانِ ملی' (national power) or the 'توانِ زبانی' (linguistic capacity) of a culture. For you, 'توان' is a word with infinite layers, capable of describing the smallest subatomic force and the greatest human achievements. You can play with its various forms—tavānā, tavānmand, tavānestan—to create elegant and powerful Persian discourse.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

توان 30秒了解

Tavān is a core Persian noun meaning power, ability, or capacity, used in physical, financial, and technical contexts.
It serves as the linguistic root for the common verb 'tavānestan' (to be able to) and various adjectives like 'tavānmand'.
Common phrases include 'tavān-e mālī' (financial means) and 'dar had-de tavān' (to the best of one's ability).
In specialized fields, it refers to mathematical exponents and physical power measured in Watts, making it highly versatile.

The Persian word توان (Tavān) is a multifaceted noun that primarily translates to 'power', 'ability', 'capability', or 'strength'. At its core, it represents the potential or the actual capacity to perform an action, endure a situation, or exert influence. Unlike the word ghodrat (power/authority), which often carries a connotation of political or social dominance, توان is more frequently associated with internal resources—be they physical, financial, or mental. For an English speaker, it is helpful to think of it as the 'fuel' or 'capacity' behind an action. When you say you don't have the توان to do something, you are often implying that you are exhausted, broke, or simply lack the inherent skill required at that moment.

Physical Strength: In everyday conversation, توان refers to physical energy. After a long day of hiking or manual labor, a Persian speaker might say they have no 'tavān' left in their legs. It describes the stamina required to keep going.

پیرمرد دیگر توان راه رفتن نداشت. (The old man no longer had the strength to walk.)

Financial Capability: One of the most common modern uses is in the phrase tavān-e mālī. This refers to purchasing power or financial means. If a product is too expensive, one might say it is beyond their financial توان.

Furthermore, توان plays a crucial role in technical and scientific Persian. In physics, it is the standard term for 'Power' (measured in Watts). In mathematics, it refers to an 'exponent' or 'power' (e.g., two to the power of three). This versatility makes it an essential word for learners moving from basic survival Persian into more specialized or academic topics. It is also the root of the verb tavānestan (to be able to), which is one of the most frequently used verbs in the language. Understanding the noun helps you grasp the conceptual weight of the verb—it is not just about permission, but about the possession of the necessary force or means to execute a task.

این موتور توان بالایی دارد. (This motor has high power/output.)

Abstract Potential: In poetry and literature, it represents the human spirit's capacity to endure hardship or achieve greatness. It is the 'inner light' or 'inner force' that drives a person forward against the odds.

Using توان correctly requires understanding its role as a noun that often functions as the object of verbs like 'داشتن' (to have) or 'بودن' (to be). It frequently appears in the construction [Noun] + [Ezafe] + توان, or توانِ + [Action]. For example, tavān-e kharid (the power to buy/affordability). When you want to express that something is impossible for you, you don't just say 'I can't'; you often say 'It is outside my توان' (khārej az tavān-e man ast). This adds a layer of formality and precision to your speech.

او تمام توان خود را برای پیروزی به کار گرفت. (He used all his power/strength to win.)

As a Mathematical Term: When talking about math, you use the structure 'X be tavān-e Y' (X to the power of Y). For example, 'do be tavān-e se' means 'two to the power of three' (2³).

In social contexts, توان is used to discuss social welfare and economic status. Phrases like tavān-mandsāzi (empowerment) are common in news and NGO reports. This refers to giving people the 'tavān' (tools, skills, money) they need to improve their lives. Notice how the root remains the same, but the suffixes change the meaning from a simple noun to a complex social concept. If you are describing a person who is capable and strong, you call them tavānā (capable) or tavānmand (powerful/able).

آیا شما توان پرداخت این هزینه را دارید؟ (Do you have the ability/means to pay this cost?)

Another interesting usage is in the negative. To say someone is 'exhausted' or 'spent', you can say az tavān oftādan (to fall from power/strength). This evokes a vivid image of someone collapsing because their inner battery has run dry. It is much more descriptive than simply saying 'I am tired' (khasteh am). It implies a total depletion of resources. Similarly, bi-tavān means 'powerless' or 'weak', often used to describe someone who is ill or elderly.

You will encounter توان in a variety of settings, ranging from the very mundane to the highly technical. In a Persian household, you might hear a parent telling a child to do something 'dar had-de tavān' (to the extent of your ability). This is a common way to encourage effort without putting too much pressure on the outcome. It suggests that as long as you use the 'tavān' you have, it is enough. In the marketplace or a bank, the word is ubiquitous in discussions about loans, prices, and budgets. 'Tavān-e kharid' (purchasing power) is a key metric discussed in Iranian news when talking about inflation and the economy.

هر کس باید به اندازه توان خود کمک کند. (Everyone should help according to their ability.)

In the News: Journalists use توان to describe national capabilities. 'Tavān-e nezāmi' (military power) or 'tavān-e hasteyi' (nuclear capability) are frequent terms in political discourse.

If you are a student in Iran, you will hear this word daily in science and math classes. Teachers will ask you to calculate the tavān of an engine or solve an equation involving tavān (exponents). In sports, commentators praise an athlete's tavān-e badani (physical prowess/stamina), especially in endurance sports like wrestling or long-distance running. It is a word that bridges the gap between the physical body and the abstract mind. Even in spiritual contexts, tavān is used to describe the strength granted by God to endure life's trials.

خدا به شما توان صبر بدهد. (May God give you the strength to be patient.)

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make is confusing توان (Tavān) with ghodrat (Power). While they are synonyms in many contexts, they are not always interchangeable. Ghodrat is often external—it is the power you have over others, or the power of a government. توان is internal—it is the capacity you have within yourself. For example, you wouldn't usually say a king has 'tavān' over his people; you would say he has 'ghodrat'. However, you would say the king has the 'tavān' (ability) to lead them well. Confusing these two can make your Persian sound slightly 'off' or overly political when you mean to be personal.

The 'Can' Confusion: Learners often try to use the noun توان where the verb tavānestan (to be able to) is required. Instead of saying 'I can go' (man mitavānam beravam), they might mistakenly say 'I have the power to go' (man tavān-e raftan dāram). While the latter is grammatically correct, it is much more formal and sounds dramatic in casual conversation.

Incorrect: من توان می‌کنم. (I power do.)
Correct: من می‌توانم. (I can.)

Another common error is related to the Ezafe. Because توان is a noun, it almost always needs an Ezafe (the '-e' sound) when followed by another noun or a verb. Beginners often forget this, saying 'tavān kharid' instead of 'tavān-e kharid'. This small vowel sound is the glue that holds the phrase together. Without it, the words sit side-by-side without a clear relationship. Also, be careful with the word tavānāyi. While توان is 'power/strength', tavānāyi is specifically 'ability/skill'. Use tavānāyi when talking about talents like playing the piano or speaking a language, and توان when talking about the raw energy or means to do it.

To truly master Persian, you need to know when to use توان and when to opt for one of its many cousins. The Persian language is rich with synonyms for 'power' and 'ability', each with its own flavor. Understanding these nuances will help you move from a basic level to a more sophisticated, native-like command of the language. Here is a comparison of the most common alternatives:

Tavān vs. Ghodrat (قدرت): Tavān is internal capacity (I have the energy). Ghodrat is external force or authority (I have the position/might). You have the 'tavān' to lift a box, but a dictator has the 'ghodrat' to rule a country.
Tavān vs. Nirou (نیرو): Nirou usually translates to 'force' or 'energy'. It is often used in 'nirou-ye daryāyi' (navy/sea force) or 'nirou-ye bargh' (electric force). While tavān is the capacity, nirou is the active force being applied.
Tavān vs. Este'dād (استعداد): Este'dād means 'talent' or 'aptitude'. You use this for innate skills. You might have the tavān (strength) to play football, but not the este'dād (talent) to be a professional.

او توان انجام این کار را دارد، اما حوصله ندارد. (He has the ability to do this, but he doesn't have the patience.)

Other words include zour (raw physical force/brute strength) and ghābelyat (capability/functionality). If you are talking about a software feature, you use ghābelyat. If you are talking about a wrestler's brute force, you use zour. If you are talking about a person's overall potential to succeed, توان is your best bet. By choosing the right word, you show that you understand not just the definition, but the soul of the Persian language.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word 'توان' is so ancient that it appears in the earliest Zoroastrian texts and has remained virtually unchanged in meaning for thousands of years.

发音指南

UK /tæˈvɒːn/

US /tæˈvɑːn/

The stress is on the second syllable: ta-VĀN.

押韵词

جوان (Javān) روان (Ravān) جهان (Jahān) دهان (Dahān) زمان (Zamān) مکان (Makān) بیان (Bayān) عیان (Ayān)

常见错误

Pronouncing the 'v' as a 'w' (Persian 'v' is like English 'v').
Making the 'a' in 'ta' too long.
Shortening the 'ā' in 'vān' so it sounds like 'van'.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize, but has multiple meanings in different contexts.

写作 3/5

Requires correct use of Ezafe and compound structures.

口语 2/5

Simple pronunciation, but needs to be distinguished from 'ghodrat'.

听力 2/5

Commonly heard in many contexts, usually clear.

接下来学什么

前置知识

داشتن بودن کار پول زیاد

接下来学习

توانستن قدرت نیرو قابلیت استعداد

高级

مشروعیت اقتدار پتانسیل بازدارندگی

需要掌握的语法

The Ezafe Construction

توانِ (Tavān-e) + Noun/Verb

Noun to Verb Derivation

توان (Noun) -> توانستن (Verb)

Compound Adjective Formation

توان + مند = توانمند (Capable)

Negation of Possession

توان ندارم (I don't have power)

Mathematical Preposition 'be'

عدد به توانِ دو (Number to the power of two)

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按水平分级的例句

من توان دارم.

I have power/strength.

Simple Subject + Noun + Verb.

او توان ندارد.

He/She has no strength.

Negative form of 'to have'.

توانِ تو زیاد است.

Your strength is a lot.

Use of Ezafe with a pronoun.

این کار توان می‌خواهد.

This work needs strength.

Noun as a required object.

آیا توان داری؟

Do you have the strength?

Simple question structure.

توانِ من کم است.

My strength is little.

Adjective 'kam' modifying the noun.

او با توان است.

He is with power (He is strong).

Prepositional phrase.

توانِ ما یکی است.

Our power is one (We are equally strong).

Possessive Ezafe.

من توانِ مالی ندارم.

I don't have the financial means.

Compound noun with Ezafe.

توانِ خریدِ این ماشین را ندارم.

I don't have the power to buy this car.

Noun + Ezafe + Infinitive.

او توانِ راه رفتن دارد.

He has the ability to walk.

Expressing physical ability.

این لامپ توانِ کمی دارد.

This lamp has low power.

Technical use for electricity.

توانِ او برای درس خواندن زیاد است.

His capacity for studying is high.

Abstract capacity.

ما به توانِ شما نیاز داریم.

We need your ability/strength.

Object of the verb 'need'.

دو به توانِ دو می‌شود چهار.

Two to the power of two is four.

Mathematical usage.

او از توان افتاد.

He lost his strength (became exhausted).

Idiomatic expression.

دولت باید توانِ خریدِ مردم را بالا ببرد.

The government must increase people's purchasing power.

Economic terminology.

من در حدِ توان به شما کمک می‌کنم.

I will help you to the extent of my ability.

Common adverbial phrase.

این موتور توانِ خروجی بالایی دارد.

This motor has a high output power.

Technical/Engineering context.

او یک زنِ توانمند است.

She is a capable/powerful woman.

Adjective derived from 'tavān'.

توانایی‌های او در موسیقی عالی است.

His abilities in music are excellent.

Plural form of 'tavānāyi'.

باید توانِ خود را بر روی این پروژه بگذاریم.

We must put our energy/power into this project.

Metaphorical use of energy.

او دیگر توانِ تحملِ این وضعیت را ندارد.

He no longer has the strength to endure this situation.

Abstract endurance.

توانِ نظامی کشور در حال رشد است.

The country's military power is growing.

Political/National context.

توانمندسازی زنان یکی از اهداف ماست.

Empowering women is one of our goals.

Gerund/Noun form of empowerment.

این دارو توانِ دفاعی بدن را تقویت می‌کند.

This medicine strengthens the body's defensive power.

Biological/Medical context.

او با تمامِ توان برای رسیدن به هدفش جنگید.

He fought with all his might to reach his goal.

Emphatic usage.

توانِ رقابتی شرکت در بازار کاهش یافته است.

The company's competitive power in the market has decreased.

Business terminology.

این مسئله خارج از توانِ من است.

This issue is beyond my capability.

Formal expression of limits.

توانِ تولیدِ برق در این نیروگاه زیاد است.

The electricity production capacity in this power plant is high.

Industrial context.

او توانست با توانِ علمی خود مشکل را حل کند.

He was able to solve the problem with his scientific prowess.

Combining verb and noun forms.

توانِ کلامی او بسیار نافذ است.

His verbal power (eloquence) is very influential.

Literary/Rhetorical context.

توانِ بالقوهِ اقتصاد باید به توانِ بالفعل تبدیل شود.

The potential power of the economy must be turned into actual power.

Philosophical/Economic distinction.

او در اشعارش به توانِ لایتناهی عشق اشاره می‌کند.

In his poems, he refers to the infinite power of love.

Poetic/Abstract usage.

توانِ محاسباتی این ابررایانه بی‌نظیر است.

The computational power of this supercomputer is unique.

Advanced technology context.

این بحران توانِ مدیریتی دولت را به چالش کشید.

This crisis challenged the government's managerial capability.

Political analysis.

توانِ بازدارندگی هسته‌ای موضوعی پیچیده است.

Nuclear deterrence capability is a complex subject.

Geopolitical terminology.

او از توانِ فکری خود برای نقدِ فلسفه استفاده کرد.

He used his intellectual power to critique philosophy.

Intellectual/Academic context.

توانِ جذبِ سرمایه در این منطقه پایین است.

The capacity to attract capital in this region is low.

Macroeconomic context.

او به توانِ درونی انسان برای تغییر ایمان دارد.

He believes in the inner power of humans to change.

Psychological/Spiritual context.

توانِ تراژیکِ این نمایشنامه در پایان‌بندی آن نهفته است.

The tragic power of this play lies in its ending.

Literary criticism.

او به واکاوی توانِ گفتمانی در متونِ کلاسیک پرداخت.

He proceeded to analyze the discursive power in classical texts.

Linguistic/Academic analysis.

توانِ هستی‌شناختی این نظریه بسیار گسترده است.

The ontological power of this theory is very broad.

Philosophical terminology.

او با توانِ هرمنوتیکِ خود معنای جدیدی از متن استخراج کرد.

With his hermeneutic power, he extracted a new meaning from the text.

Advanced literary theory.

توانِ فرسایندهِ زمان بر بناهای تاریخی مشهود است.

The erosive power of time is evident on historical buildings.

Metaphorical/Descriptive.

او در پیِ تبیینِ توانِ مشروعیت‌بخشیِ نهادهای مدنی است.

He seeks to explain the legitimizing power of civil institutions.

Sociological/Political theory.

توانِ شگرفِ تخیل در آثارِ او موج می‌زند.

The marvelous power of imagination surges in his works.

Artistic critique.

او به نقدِ توانِ استیلاگرِ تکنولوژی در جهانِ معاصر پرداخت.

He critiqued the dominating power of technology in the contemporary world.

Critical theory.

常见搭配

توان مالی

توان خرید

توان نظامی

توان خروجی

توان بدنی

به توان رساندن

خارج از توان

در حد توان

توان علمی

توان هسته‌ای

常用短语

توانِ کار کردن

— The energy or ability to work.

امروز توانِ کار کردن ندارم.

تمامِ توان

— All of one's power/effort.

با تمامِ توان تلاش کن.

بی‌توان شدن

— To become powerless or weak.

بیمار بی‌توان شده است.

توانِ تحمل

— The power to endure.

توانِ تحملِ گرما را ندارم.

توانِ کلام

— The power of speech/eloquence.

توانِ کلامِ او خیره‌کننده است.

توانِ تولید

— Production capacity.

توانِ تولیدِ کارخانه بالا رفت.

توانِ دفاعی

— Defensive capability.

توانِ دفاعی بدن مهم است.

توانِ رقابت

— Ability to compete.

ما توانِ رقابت با آن‌ها را داریم.

توانِ ذهنی

— Mental capacity.

توانِ ذهنی کودکان متفاوت است.

توانِ جذب

— Absorption capacity.

توانِ جذبِ این اسفنج زیاد است.

容易混淆的词

توان vs قدرت (Ghodrat)

Ghodrat is often external authority, while Tavān is internal capacity.

توان vs نیرو (Nirou)

Nirou is active force or energy, while Tavān is the potential to exert it.

توان vs توانایی (Tavānāyi)

Tavānāyi is a specific skill or talent, whereas Tavān is general strength or means.

习语与表达

"از توان افتادن"

— To become completely exhausted or depleted of energy.

بعد از دویدن زیاد، از توان افتادم.

Informal

"در توانِ کسی بودن"

— To be within someone's capability or means.

حل این مشکل در توانِ من نیست.

Neutral

"با تمامِ توان"

— With all one's might; giving 100% effort.

او با تمامِ توان برای کنکور درس می‌خواند.

Neutral

"توانِ دیدن نداشتن"

— To be unable to bear seeing something (usually out of jealousy or pain).

او توانِ دیدنِ موفقیتِ مرا ندارد.

Informal

"از حدِ توان خارج بودن"

— To be beyond one's limits.

این هزینه‌ها از حدِ توانِ ما خارج است.

Formal

"توانِ ایستادن نداشتن"

— To be so weak that one cannot even stand.

از گرسنگی توانِ ایستادن نداشت.

Neutral

"توان بخشیدن"

— To empower or give strength to someone.

عشق به او توان بخشید.

Literary

"بی‌توان و رمق"

— Lifeless and without any energy.

او بی‌توان و رمق روی تخت افتاده بود.

Neutral

"توانِ مقابله"

— The strength to resist or fight back.

آن‌ها توانِ مقابله با سیل را نداشتند.

Neutral

"در حدِ توان"

— As much as possible within one's limits.

در حدِ توان به ما کمک کردند.

Neutral

容易混淆

توان vs زور (Zour)

Both mean strength.

Zour is raw, often aggressive physical force. Tavān is more general capacity.

او با زور در را باز کرد. (He opened the door with force.)

توان vs انرژی (Energy)

Used similarly in physics.

Energy is the capacity to do work, while Tavān (Power) is the rate at which work is done.

این غذا به من انرژی می‌دهد. (This food gives me energy.)

توان vs امکان (Emkān)

Both relate to possibility.

Emkān is 'possibility' (external), Tavān is 'ability' (internal).

امکانِ باران هست. (There is a possibility of rain.)

توان vs بنیه (Bonye)

Both relate to stamina.

Bonye is your physical build or constitution. Tavān is the energy you have right now.

او بنیه خوبی برای ورزش دارد. (He has a good constitution for sports.)

توان vs استعداد (Este'dād)

Both relate to 'can'.

Este'dād is natural talent. Tavān is the power to execute.

او استعدادِ موسیقی دارد. (He has a talent for music.)

句型

[Subject] [Noun] dārad.

من توان دارم.

[Subject] tavān-e [Infinitive] dārad.

او توانِ رفتن دارد.

Dar had-de tavān-e [Person]...

در حدِ توانِ من نیست.

[Noun] be tavān-e [Number]...

پنج به توانِ دو.

Tavān-e [Abstract Noun]...

توانِ بازدارندگی.

Vākāvi-ye tavān-e [Concept]...

واکاویِ توانِ گفتمانی.

Tavān-e mālī-ye [Subject]...

توانِ مالیِ ما کم است.

Az tavān oftādan.

او از توان افتاد.

词族

名词

توانایی (Ability)

توانمندی (Capability)

توان‌بخشی (Rehabilitation)

ناتوانی (Inability)

动词

توانستن (To be able to)

توانمند کردن (To empower)

توان بخشیدن (To give strength)

形容词

توانا (Able/Powerful)

توانمند (Capable)

ناتوان (Unable/Weak)

پر‌توان (Energetic)

如何使用

frequency

Very high in both daily life and specialized fields.

常见错误

من توان می‌کنم → من می‌توانم
You cannot use the noun 'tavān' as a verb. Use the actual verb 'tavānestan'.
توان خرید → توانِ خرید
Missing the Ezafe (the '-e' sound) between the two nouns.
قدرت برق → توانِ برق
In technical contexts like electricity, 'tavān' is the correct term for power.
او توانِ خوبی در پیانو دارد → او تواناییِ خوبی در پیانو دارد
For specific skills like playing an instrument, 'tavānāyi' is more appropriate than 'tavān'.
دو توانِ دو → دو به توانِ دو
Missing the preposition 'be' in mathematical expressions.

小贴士

Use with Ezafe

Always remember to add the '-e' sound when 'tavān' is followed by another word, like 'tavān-e kharid'.

Learn the Verb

If you know 'tavān', you already know the root of 'tavānestan' (to be able to). This helps you remember both.

Poetic Power

Remember the famous line 'Tavānā bovad har ke dānā bovad' to impress your Persian friends.

Exponent Shortcut

Just say 'X be tavān-e Y' for any power calculation.

Stamina

Use 'tavān' when you want to talk about how much energy you have left in your body.

Budgeting

In a shop, if something is too expensive, you can say 'Dar tavān-e man nist'.

Physics Term

Use 'tavān' for Watts and 'nirou' for Newtons.

Empowerment

Use 'tavānmandsāzi' when discussing social progress or helping others.

Exhaustion

'Az tavān oftādan' is a very native way to say you are completely spent.

Internal vs External

Keep 'tavān' for what's inside you and 'ghodrat' for what's outside you.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'TAVERN' (sounds slightly like Tavān). You go to a tavern to get 'strength' or 'power' from food and drink.

视觉联想

Imagine a battery icon that is full. The energy inside that battery is the 'Tavān'.

Word Web

Energy Money Math Physics Strength Ability Can Potential

挑战

Try to use 'tavān' in three different ways today: once for physical strength, once for money, and once for math.

词源

Derived from Middle Persian 'tuwān', which comes from the Old Persian root 'tav-' meaning 'to be strong' or 'to be able'. It is cognate with Sanskrit 'tavas' (strength).

原始含义： The original meaning was strictly related to physical strength and the inherent power of a being.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian.

文化背景

Be careful when using 'bi-tavān' (powerless) to describe people; it can sound pitying or insulting if not used with empathy.

English speakers often use 'can' for everything. Persian speakers use 'tavān' to emphasize the *resource* behind the 'can'.

Ferdowsi's Shahnameh: 'Tavānā bovad har ke dānā bovad'. Modern Iranian Pop Song: 'Bi Tavān' by various artists. Scientific textbooks in Iran.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Shopping

توان خرید ندارم
قیمتش در توان من نیست
توان مالی خانواده
تخفیف در حد توان

Gym/Sports

توان بدنی بالا
از توان افتادن
تقویت توان عضلانی
تمام توان خود را گذاشتن

School/Math

دو به توان سه
توان دوم عدد
محاسبه توان
توان علمی دانش‌آموز

Engineering

توان خروجی موتور
واحد توان (وات)
اتلاف توان
توان مصرفی دستگاه

Health

توان دفاعی بدن
بیمار بی‌توان
توان‌بخشی
به دست آوردن توان

对话开场白

"آیا شما توانِ پیاده‌روی طولانی را دارید؟ (Do you have the ability for a long walk?)"

"به نظر شما توانِ خریدِ مردم امسال بهتر شده است؟ (Do you think people's purchasing power has improved this year?)"

"چگونه می‌توان توانِ ذهنی را تقویت کرد؟ (How can one strengthen mental capacity?)"

"آیا این کار در توانِ من هست؟ (Is this task within my power?)"

"توانِ خروجیِ این ماشین چقدر است؟ (What is the output power of this car?)"

日记主题

امروز چه کارهایی در حدِ توانِ من بود؟ (What things were within my power today?)

زمانی را بنویسید که از توان افتاده بودید. (Write about a time when you were exhausted.)

چگونه می‌توانید توانِ مالی خود را مدیریت کنید؟ (How can you manage your financial means?)

آیا فکر می‌کنید دانش، توان است؟ چرا؟ (Do you think knowledge is power? Why?)

یک هدف بنویسید که برای رسیدن به آن به تمامِ توانِ خود نیاز دارید. (Write a goal that requires all your strength.)

常见问题

10 个问题

Tavān usually refers to internal capacity, physical strength, or financial means. Ghodrat refers to power in a more general or external sense, like political power or authority. You have the 'tavān' to lift a weight, but a leader has the 'ghodrat' to make laws.

Use the phrase 'be tavān-e'. For example, 'three to the power of four' is 'se be tavān-e chahār'.

No, 'Tavān' is a noun. To say 'I can', you must use the verb 'mitavānam'. However, you can say 'I have the tavān' (man tavān dāram), but it sounds more like 'I have the strength'.

It means 'financial ability' or 'affordability'. It's used to describe whether someone has enough money to pay for something.

Yes, it is the standard word for 'Power' in physics and electrical engineering, measured in Watts.

It means 'empowerment'. It's a common term in social sciences and NGO work.

You can say 'Az tavān oftādam' (I fell from power/strength).

The plural is 'tavānhā', but it is rarely used unless you are talking about different types of powers in a technical context.

It is neutral. It can be used in very informal settings (like saying you're tired) or very formal ones (like scientific papers).

Tavān is the raw power or means. Tavānāyi is a specific skill or ability, like the ability to speak a language.

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