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A1 conjunction #700 最常用 9分钟阅读

زیرا

前700

开始练习例句笔记与提示 زیرا 30秒了解

解析 زیرا in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are learning the building blocks of sentences. 'Zira' is your first formal 'connector.' Think of it as the word 'because.' At this stage, you use it to link two simple ideas. For example: 'I am happy because it is sunny.' In Persian, you say: 'Man khosh-hal hastam zira hava aftabi ast.' Even though 'zira' is formal, learning it early helps you understand the structure of Persian sentences. You will mostly see it in your textbooks. Just remember: Result + Zira + Reason. Don't worry about complex grammar yet; just focus on connecting two simple facts. It's like a bridge between two thoughts.

As an A2 learner, you are starting to talk about your daily life, past experiences, and simple needs. 'Zira' helps you explain your actions. Instead of just saying 'I didn't go to the party,' you can now say 'I didn't go to the party because I had a lot of homework.' This makes your Persian sound more logical and complete. You should also start noticing the difference between 'zira' (formal) and 'chon' (casual). In your writing assignments, try using 'zira' to impress your teacher. It shows you are moving beyond basic survival Persian and into more structured communication. You'll also encounter 'zira' in short news clips or simplified stories.

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At the B1 level, you are becoming an independent user of the language. You can now use 'zira' to express opinions and provide detailed explanations for your viewpoints. In B1, you should be comfortable using 'zira' in longer, more complex sentences. You might use it to explain a social issue or a personal preference in a formal letter. For example, 'I believe we should recycle because the earth is in danger.' Here, 'zira' provides the logical support for your opinion. You should also be aware of the punctuation; a comma before 'zira' is common in written Persian at this level to separate the clauses clearly. You are now reading more 'real-world' texts where 'zira' appears frequently.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to understand and produce complex text on both concrete and abstract topics. 'Zira' becomes a tool for academic and professional discourse. You will use it to link evidence to claims in essays. At this stage, you should also be able to distinguish between 'zira' and its more formal cousins like 'chera ke' or 'be dalil-e in-ke.' You understand that 'zira' provides a specific 'weight' to your sentence. If you are giving a presentation in Persian, 'zira' helps you sound authoritative. You are also beginning to see how 'zira' is used in classical literature to explain moral or philosophical points, and you can analyze these structures.

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At the C1 level, you have a high degree of fluency and can use 'zira' with nuance. You understand the stylistic choice of using 'zira' over 'chon' to create a specific atmosphere in your writing. You can use 'zira' in complex argumentative structures, perhaps following it with a series of reasons. You also recognize 'zira ke' in high-level literature and understand its rhythmic function. At this level, your use of 'zira' is seamless; you don't just use it because it means 'because,' but because it is the most appropriate word for the register and tone you want to convey. You can also identify when an author uses 'zira' to create a sense of 'inevitability' or 'logical necessity' in their text.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native or native-like command of Persian. You use 'zira' with complete mastery of its historical and literary connotations. You can appreciate how 'zira' has been used by poets like Hafez or Rumi to bridge the physical and the metaphysical. In your own writing, whether it's a doctoral thesis or a sophisticated editorial, you use 'zira' to weave complex logical threads together. You are fully aware of the etymological roots of the word and how it functions within the broader system of Persian syntax. For you, 'zira' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a vital part of the architectural integrity of the Persian language.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

زیرا 30秒了解

Zira is the formal Persian word for 'because,' primarily used in writing and professional speeches.
It connects a result to its cause, following the pattern: [Result] + زیرا + [Reason].
While common in literature and news, it is replaced by 'chon' in everyday casual conversation.
It always requires a full clause (with a verb) to follow it, unlike 'because of' which takes a noun.

The Persian word زیرا (pronounced 'zi-rā') is a fundamental conjunction used to provide a reason or explanation for a preceding statement. In English, it most closely translates to 'because,' 'since,' or 'for the reason that.' While it is a staple of the Persian language, its usage is predominantly found in formal, written, and literary contexts. If you are reading a Persian newspaper, a textbook, or a classical poem, you will encounter زیرا frequently. However, in daily spoken Persian (Tehrani dialect), speakers often prefer the more colloquial word چون (chon) or چونکه (chon-ke). Understanding زیرا is essential for any learner aiming to reach a professional or academic level of proficiency, as it provides a logical bridge between an action and its cause.

Grammatical Category: Conjunction (حرف ربط). It connects two clauses where the second clause explains the first.
Register: Formal and Literary. It is rarely used in casual street conversation but is mandatory in formal writing.
Logic Flow: Result + زیرا + Reason. It introduces the 'why' behind the 'what'.

او به مدرسه نرفت زیرا بیمار بود.
(He did not go to school because he was sick.)

The word is composed of two parts historically: 'zi' (related to 'this' or 'from') and 'ra' (a marker). Together, they point directly to the cause. In classical literature, such as the works of Rumi or Saadi, زیرا serves as a rhythmic and logical anchor, allowing the poet to explain complex spiritual or moral truths. For a modern learner, using زیرا in an essay immediately elevates the tone of the writing, signaling to the reader that the text is sophisticated and well-structured.

گیاهان رشد می‌کنند زیرا به نور خورشید نیاز دارند.
(Plants grow because they need sunlight.)

پروژه متوقف شد زیرا بودجه کافی نبود.
(The project was stopped because the budget was not sufficient.)

Furthermore, زیرا is often paired with the word که (ke) to form زیرا که (zira-ke). This version is even more literary and is frequently used in poetry or high-level philosophical discourse. It functions identically but adds a certain rhythmic weight to the sentence. When you see زیرا که, think of it as 'for the reason that' or 'inasmuch as.'

او قهرمان شد زیرا هرگز تسلیم نشد.
(He became a champion because he never gave up.)

هوا سرد است زیرا زمستان فرا رسیده است.
(The weather is cold because winter has arrived.)

Using زیرا correctly involves understanding the structure of complex sentences in Persian. Typically, a sentence using زیرا follows a 'Main Clause + زیرا + Subordinate Clause' pattern. The main clause states an observation or an event, and the subordinate clause provides the justification. It is important to note that in formal Persian writing, a comma often precedes زیرا to help the reader distinguish between the effect and the cause.

Standard Pattern: [Result/Action] + زیرا + [Reason/Cause]. Example: 'The street is wet because it rained.'
Verb Tense Consistency: Usually, the tense in the second clause matches the logical timeframe of the cause. If the result is present, the cause might be past or present.

کتاب را بستم زیرا خسته بودم.
(I closed the book because I was tired.)

One of the nuances of زیرا is its inability to stand alone as an answer to a 'Why' (چرا) question in casual speech. While in English you can answer 'Why?' with 'Because...', in Persian, if someone asks 'چرا؟' (Cherā?), you would typically answer with 'چون...' (Chon...) in conversation. Using زیرا in this context would sound overly dramatic or like you are reading from a script. However, in a formal interview or a written exam, starting your explanation with زیرا is highly encouraged.

او در امتحان موفق شد زیرا بسیار تلاش کرده بود.
(She succeeded in the exam because she had tried very hard.)

In academic writing, زیرا is often used to introduce evidence. For example, 'The hypothesis was rejected because the data was inconsistent.' Here, زیرا acts as a logical operator. It signals to the reader that the following information is the evidentiary basis for the previous claim. This is why you will see it in almost every paragraph of a Persian scientific paper or historical analysis.

اقتصاد کشور رشد کرد زیرا صادرات افزایش یافت.
(The country's economy grew because exports increased.)

Comparison with 'Chon': While 'Chon' can mean 'when', 'like', or 'because', زیرا strictly means 'because'. This makes زیرا less ambiguous in complex texts.

ما باید از محیط زیست محافظت کنیم زیرا زندگی ما به آن وابسته است.
(We must protect the environment because our lives depend on it.)

To truly master زیرا, you must understand the 'diglossia' of the Persian language—the difference between the spoken (گفتاری) and written (نوشتاری) forms. You will rarely hear a teenager in a Tehran cafe say زیرا while chatting with friends. Instead, they will use چون. However, if that same teenager turns on the evening news, the news anchor will almost certainly use زیرا when explaining government policies or international events.

Media and News: Broadcasters use it to maintain a professional and objective tone. It sounds authoritative and clear.
Literature and Poetry: From the Shahnameh to modern novels, it is the standard causal conjunction. It allows for a rhythmic flow that 'chon' sometimes lacks.
Legal and Official Documents: Contracts, laws, and official decrees use زیرا to define the reasoning behind specific clauses.

دولت مالیات را افزایش داد زیرا با کسری بودجه مواجه بود.
(The government increased taxes because it was facing a budget deficit.)

In the classroom, teachers use زیرا when explaining rules or historical facts. It is part of the 'educational register.' If you are a student in Iran, your textbooks will be filled with this word. It helps in categorizing information: 'Event A happened زیرا Event B occurred.' This logical clarity is why it is preferred in any instructional setting.

این آزمایش شکست خورد زیرا دما بسیار بالا بود.
(This experiment failed because the temperature was too high.)

Even in formal speeches, such as those given at weddings or funerals, زیرا is used to add a layer of dignity and respect. It shows that the speaker has put thought into their words and is not just speaking off the cuff. For instance, a speaker might say, 'We are gathered here زیرا we loved the deceased dearly.' This sounds much more poignant in Persian than using the everyday 'chon.'

او محبوب است زیرا همیشه به دیگران کمک می‌کند.
(He is popular because he always helps others.)

Finally, in the digital age, you will see زیرا in formal blogs, LinkedIn posts by Iranian professionals, and Wikipedia articles in Persian. It remains the gold standard for expressing causality in any medium that requires a degree of seriousness.

نرم‌افزار بروزرسانی شد زیرا امنیت آن ضعیف بود.
(The software was updated because its security was weak.)

While زیرا is a straightforward word, English speakers and new learners often fall into a few common traps. The most frequent mistake is 'over-formalizing' casual speech. If you are buying bread at a bakery and say, 'I want two loaves زیرا I am hungry,' the baker will understand you, but it will sound as if you are reciting a poem from the 13th century. In that context, چون is the correct choice.

Register Mismatch: Using زیرا in slang or very casual conversation. It breaks the 'vibe' of the interaction.
Sentence Starting: Starting a sentence with زیرا. While possible in very specific literary styles, it is generally avoided. Use از آنجا که (Since...) if you want to put the reason first.
Confusing with 'Chera': 'Chera' means 'Why'. You cannot use زیرا to ask a question. It only provides the answer.

Mistake: زیرا باران می‌آمد، من چتر برداشتم.
Correct: من چتر برداشتم زیرا باران می‌آمد.
(Don't start with 'Zira' in standard prose.)

Another mistake is forgetting that زیرا is a conjunction, not a preposition. In English, we can say 'Because of the rain' (Because + Noun). In Persian, you cannot say زیرا باران. You must follow زیرا with a full clause (Subject + Verb) or use a different phrase like به دلیلِ (be dalil-e) or به خاطرِ (be khater-e) which function like 'because of'.

Incorrect: او زیرا ترافیک دیر رسید.
Correct: او دیر رسید زیرا ترافیک سنگین بود.
(Zira requires a verb/clause after it.)

Lastly, learners sometimes confuse زیرا with بنابراین (therefore). Remember the direction of the logic. زیرا looks backward to the cause, while بنابراین looks forward to the result. 'I was tired, therefore I slept' vs 'I slept because I was tired.'

او تشنه بود بنابراین آب خورد. (Correct logic for 'therefore')
او آب خورد زیرا تشنه بود. (Correct logic for 'because')

Persian is a language rich in causal conjunctions, each with its own flavor and register. While زیرا is the standard formal choice, knowing the alternatives will help you navigate different social and literary situations. The most common alternative is چون (chon), which is the 'Swiss Army knife' of Persian conjunctions.

چون (Chon): The most common word for 'because'. It is used in both speech and writing. It can also mean 'like' or 'when'.
چرا که (Cherā ke): Very similar to زیرا. It is formal and literary. It literally means 'for why that'.
به دلیلِ اینکه (Be dalil-e in-ke): 'Due to the fact that'. This is a common phrase in modern journalism and academic writing.
از آنجا که (Az ānjā ke): 'Since' or 'Inasmuch as'. This is often used at the beginning of a sentence to set the stage with a reason.

او نیامد چرا که بیمار بود.
(He didn't come, for he was ill. - Very formal)

When comparing زیرا and چون, think of the difference between 'because' and 'cause' or 'since'. زیرا is precise and clinical. چون is warm and versatile. If you are writing a poem about love, you might use چون for its softer sound. If you are writing a report on urban planning, you will use زیرا for its clarity.

از آنجا که وقت کم است، باید سریع تصمیم بگیریم.
(Since time is short, we must decide quickly.)

Another set of alternatives includes به واسطهِ اینکه (be vāseteh-ye in-ke) and به جهتِ اینکه (be jahat-e in-ke). These are extremely formal and are typically found in legal or highly academic texts. They emphasize the 'means' or 'direction' of the cause. For a general learner, زیرا and چون are the most important to master first.

پرواز لغو شد به دلیلِ اینکه هوا طوفانی بود.
(The flight was canceled due to the fact that the weather was stormy.)

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

In very old Persian texts, you might see 'zi-an-ra' which eventually contracted into the modern 'zira'. It has remained remarkably stable for centuries.

发音指南

UK /ziːˈrɒː/

US /ziˈrɑ/

The stress is typically on the second syllable: zi-RĀ.

押韵词

فرا (farā) سرا (sarā) ما (mā) تا (tā) کجا (kojā) خدا (khodā) صدا (sedā) غذا (ghazā)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'zi' as 'zai' (like 'eye').
Making the final 'a' too short (like 'cat').
Rolling the 'r' too much like a trill.
Putting stress on the first syllable.
Pronouncing it as 'zeera' (which means cumin in Persian).

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize in text once learned.

写作 3/5

Requires understanding of formal sentence structure.

口语 4/5

Hard to use naturally because it's so formal.

听力 2/5

Clear pronunciation makes it easy to hear in news/formal speech.

接下来学什么

前置知识

چرا (Why) من (I) است (Is) بود (Was) و (And)

接下来学习

بنابراین (Therefore) اگر (If) اما (But) ولی (But) چون (Because/Like)

高级

چرا که به واسطه به جهت از آنجا که مگر اینکه

需要掌握的语法

Causal Subordination

Result + زیرا + Reason.

Use 'Zira' in writing, 'Chon' in speaking.

Punctuation

Place a comma before 'zira' in formal prose.

Clause Structure

'Zira' must be followed by a verb/clause.

Zira vs. Chera

'Chera' asks, 'Zira' answers.

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按水平分级的例句

من خوشحالم زیرا امروز تولد من است.

I am happy because today is my birthday.

Simple present tense in both clauses.

او تشنه است زیرا آب نخورده است.

He is thirsty because he hasn't drunk water.

Present perfect used for the reason.

هوا سرد است زیرا زمستان است.

The weather is cold because it is winter.

Simple 'is' (ast) used for state of being.

ما به پارک می‌رویم زیرا هوا خوب است.

We are going to the park because the weather is good.

Present continuous (mi-ravim) for the action.

او می‌خوابد زیرا خسته است.

He is sleeping because he is tired.

Simple present (mi-khabad).

من نان می‌خرم زیرا گرسنه هستم.

I am buying bread because I am hungry.

Connecting a need to an action.

کتاب می‌خوانم زیرا جالب است.

I am reading a book because it is interesting.

Using an adjective (jaleb) in the reason.

او گریه می‌کند زیرا ناراحت است.

She is crying because she is sad.

Expressing emotion and cause.

او به مدرسه نرفت زیرا مریض بود.

He didn't go to school because he was sick.

Past tense (na-raft) and past state (bud).

من دیر رسیدم زیرا ترافیک سنگین بود.

I arrived late because the traffic was heavy.

Past tense narrative.

ما چتر بردیم زیرا باران می‌بارید.

We took an umbrella because it was raining.

Past continuous (mi-barid) for the reason.

او خوشحال بود زیرا هدیه گرفت.

She was happy because she received a gift.

Simple past (gereft).

من ورزش می‌کنم زیرا می‌خواهم سالم باشم.

I exercise because I want to be healthy.

Using 'want' (mi-khaham) in the reason.

آنها به سفر نرفتند زیرا پول نداشتند.

They didn't go on a trip because they didn't have money.

Negative past (na-dashtand).

او زبان فارسی می‌خواند زیرا به ایران علاقه دارد.

He studies Persian because he is interested in Iran.

Expressing interest (alaghe darad).

من این فیلم را دوست دارم زیرا خنده‌دار است.

I like this movie because it is funny.

Opinion and reason.

بسیاری از مردم مهاجرت می‌کنند زیرا به دنبال زندگی بهتری هستند.

Many people migrate because they are looking for a better life.

Complex subject and plural verb.

او در امتحان رد شد زیرا به اندازه کافی مطالعه نکرده بود.

He failed the exam because he hadn't studied enough.

Past perfect (motale'e na-karde bud) for the reason.

ما باید در مصرف آب صرفه‌جویی کنیم زیرا منابع آب محدود است.

We must save water because water resources are limited.

Modal verb 'must' (bayad) in the result.

او شغلش را ترک کرد زیرا از محیط کار راضی نبود.

He left his job because he wasn't satisfied with the work environment.

Using 'satisfied' (razi) in the negative.

این ساختمان قدیمی تخریب شد زیرا ایمن نبود.

This old building was demolished because it wasn't safe.

Passive voice (takhrib shod).

او در جلسات شرکت نمی‌کند زیرا بسیار مشغول است.

He doesn't participate in meetings because he is very busy.

Negative present (sherkat ne-mi-konad).

من این کتاب را خریدم زیرا نویسنده‌اش را می‌شناسم.

I bought this book because I know its author.

Possessive suffix (-ash).

او از سگ‌ها می‌ترسد زیرا در کودکی یکی او را گاز گرفته است.

He is afraid of dogs because one bit him in childhood.

Present perfect (gaz gerefte ast) for a past event with present impact.

قیمت‌ها افزایش یافت زیرا تقاضا بیشتر از عرضه بود.

Prices increased because demand was higher than supply.

Economic terminology (taghaza vs arzeh).

نظریه او رد شد زیرا شواهد کافی برای اثبات آن وجود نداشت.

His theory was rejected because there wasn't enough evidence to prove it.

Academic register.

او به عنوان مدیر انتخاب شد زیرا مهارت‌های رهبری بالایی داشت.

He was chosen as manager because he had high leadership skills.

Passive construction (entekhab shod).

تکنولوژی زندگی را آسان‌تر کرده است زیرا ارتباطات را سریع‌تر می‌کند.

Technology has made life easier because it makes communications faster.

Present perfect (karde ast) + Present (mi-konad).

او از شرکت در مسابقه انصراف داد زیرا مصدوم شده بود.

He withdrew from the competition because he had been injured.

Past perfect passive (masdum shode bud).

این گیاه خشک شد زیرا نور کافی به آن نمی‌رسید.

This plant dried up because it wasn't getting enough light.

Past continuous (ne-mi-resid).

او همیشه در کارهایش موفق است زیرا با برنامه‌ریزی پیش می‌رود.

He is always successful in his tasks because he proceeds with planning.

Adverbial phrase (ba barname-rizi).

رابطه آنها پایان یافت زیرا اعتماد میانشان از بین رفته بود.

Their relationship ended because the trust between them had vanished.

Abstract noun (etemad) and past perfect.

نویسنده از استعاره استفاده کرده است زیرا می‌خواهد مفاهیم پیچیده را ساده کند.

The author has used metaphor because they want to simplify complex concepts.

Literary analysis register.

این سیاست شکست خورد زیرا ابعاد فرهنگی جامعه را نادیده گرفته بود.

This policy failed because it had ignored the cultural dimensions of society.

Sociopolitical vocabulary.

او از پذیرش این پست خودداری کرد زیرا با اصول اخلاقی‌اش در تضاد بود.

He refused to accept this position because it was in conflict with his ethical principles.

Formal expression (khoddari kard).

هنرمند این سبک را برگزید زیرا به دنبال بیانی نو از واقعیت بود.

The artist chose this style because they were seeking a new expression of reality.

Formal verb (bargozid).

رشد اقتصادی پایدار نیست زیرا بر پایه منابع تجدیدناپذیر استوار است.

Economic growth is not sustainable because it is based on non-renewable resources.

Environmental/Economic terminology.

او در فلسفه تخصص گرفت زیرا به دنبال پاسخ پرسش‌های بنیادین بشر بود.

He specialized in philosophy because he was seeking answers to fundamental human questions.

High-level academic context.

این توافق‌نامه لغو شد زیرا یکی از طرفین به تعهدات خود عمل نکرد.

This agreement was canceled because one of the parties did not fulfill their obligations.

Legal/Contractual register.

جامعه‌شناسان نگران هستند زیرا شکاف طبقاتی در حال افزایش است.

Sociologists are worried because the class gap is increasing.

Progressive tense (dar hal-e afzayesh ast).

شاعر در این غزل از نمادگرایی بهره جسته است زیرا زبان مستقیم را برای بیان عشق کافی نمی‌داند.

The poet has utilized symbolism in this ghazal because they do not consider direct language sufficient for expressing love.

Classical literary criticism.

ساختار سیاسی این تمدن فروپاشید زیرا انسجام درونی خود را از دست داده بود.

The political structure of this civilization collapsed because it had lost its internal cohesion.

Historical/Philosophical register.

این پارادایم علمی تغییر کرد زیرا دیگر قادر به تبیین پدیده‌های جدید نبود.

This scientific paradigm changed because it was no longer capable of explaining new phenomena.

Philosophy of science vocabulary.

او به انزوای خودخواسته روی آورد زیرا از هیاهوی دنیای مدرن به تنگ آمده بود.

He turned to self-imposed isolation because he was fed up with the clamor of the modern world.

Idiomatic formal expression (be tang amade bud).

عدالت در این نظام قضایی برقرار نمی‌شود زیرا نفوذ قدرت‌های سیاسی مانع از استقلال قضات است.

Justice is not established in this judicial system because the influence of political powers prevents the independence of judges.

Complex political/legal analysis.

این اثر هنری جاودانه شد زیرا با روح زمانه خود پیوندی عمیق داشت.

This work of art became immortal because it had a deep connection with the spirit of its time.

Aesthetic philosophy.

بحران هویت در نسل جوان شدت یافته است زیرا سنت‌های پیشین کارکرد خود را از دست داده‌اند.

The identity crisis in the younger generation has intensified because previous traditions have lost their function.

Sociological discourse.

او از پاسخ صریح طفره رفت زیرا نمی‌خواست مسئولیت عواقب کلامش را بپذیرد.

He evaded a direct answer because he did not want to accept responsibility for the consequences of his words.

Nuanced behavioral description.

常见搭配

زیرا که

زیرا او

زیرا این

زیرا من

زیرا در

زیرا اگر

زیرا همیشه

زیرا هنوز

زیرا برای

زیرا بدون

常用短语

فقط زیرا

— Just because. Used to emphasize a single reason.

او را سرزنش نکن فقط زیرا اشتباه کرد.

عمدتاً زیرا

— Mainly because. Used in academic writing.

پروژه شکست خورد عمدتاً زیرا بودجه نبود.

شاید زیرا

— Perhaps because. Expressing uncertainty.

او غمگین است، شاید زیرا دلتنگ است.

دقیقاً زیرا

— Precisely because. Highlighting a specific cause.

من اینجا هستم دقیقاً زیرا تو خواستی.

نه زیرا

— Not because. Used in contrasts.

من آمدم نه زیرا مجبور بودم، بلکه زیرا می‌خواستم.

صرفاً زیرا

— Merely because. Often used to dismiss a reason.

او را انتخاب نکردند صرفاً زیرا جوان بود.

زیرا همان‌طور که

— Because as... Used to link to a known fact.

او موفق شد زیرا همان‌طور که می‌دانید باهوش است.

بیشتر زیرا

— Mostly because. Similar to 'mainly because'.

او نگران است، بیشتر زیرا وقت ندارد.

زیرا به نظر می‌رسد

— Because it seems. Based on observation.

او مریض است زیرا به نظر می‌رسد تب دارد.

زیرا در واقع

— Because in fact. Introducing a deeper truth.

او ساکت است زیرا در واقع چیزی برای گفتن ندارد.

容易混淆的词

زیرا vs چرا (Chera)

Chera means 'Why' (question), while Zira means 'Because' (answer).

زیرا vs زیره (Zeereh)

Zeereh means 'cumin' (the spice). Don't mix up the pronunciation!

زیرا vs بنابراین (Banabar-in)

Banabar-in means 'Therefore'. It shows the result, not the cause.

习语与表达

"زیرا که عشق آسان نمود اول"

— Because love seemed easy at first. A famous line from Hafez.

مشکلات شروع شد، زیرا که عشق آسان نمود اول.

Literary

"زیرا که دنیا گذران است"

— Because the world is fleeting. A common philosophical sentiment.

غم مخور زیرا که دنیا گذران است.

Poetic

"زیرا که حق با اوست"

— Because truth/right is with him. Used to justify support.

ما از او دفاع می‌کنیم زیرا که حق با اوست.

Formal

"زیرا که چاره‌ای نیست"

— Because there is no other way/remedy.

باید صبر کنیم زیرا که چاره‌ای نیست.

Neutral

"زیرا که وقت طلاست"

— Because time is gold (money).

سریع باش زیرا که وقت طلاست.

Neutral

"زیرا که نابرده رنج گنج میسر نمی‌شود"

— Because without pain, no gain is possible.

تلاش کن زیرا که نابرده رنج گنج میسر نمی‌شود.

Proverbial

"زیرا که هر رفتنی را آمدنی است"

— Because every going has a coming (what goes around comes around).

امیدوار باش زیرا که هر رفتنی را آمدنی است.

Poetic

"زیرا که ماه پشت ابر نمی‌ماند"

— Because the moon doesn't stay behind the cloud (truth will out).

دروغ نگو زیرا که ماه پشت ابر نمی‌ماند.

Proverbial

"زیرا که مشت نمونه خروار است"

— Because a handful is a sample of a heap (a small part shows the whole).

این اشتباه بزرگ است زیرا که مشت نمونه خروار است.

Proverbial

"زیرا که از دل برود هر آنکه از دیده برفت"

— Because out of sight, out of mind.

او را فراموش کرد زیرا که از دل برود هر آنکه از دیده برفت.

Poetic

容易混淆

زیرا vs چون

Both mean 'because'.

Chon is for speaking/general use; Zira is strictly for formal writing. Chon can also mean 'like' or 'when'.

او چون شیر می‌جنگد (He fights like a lion - Here you cannot use Zira).

زیرا vs چرا که

Both are formal.

They are almost identical, but 'Chera ke' is slightly more literary and often used to avoid repeating 'Zira'.

او موفق شد زیرا تلاش کرد و چرا که هوش بالایی داشت.

زیرا vs به دلیلِ

Both give reasons.

Zira is a conjunction (takes a verb); 'Be dalil-e' is a preposition (takes a noun).

زیرا باران می‌آمد (Because it was raining) vs به دلیلِ باران (Because of the rain).

زیرا vs از آنجا که

Both mean 'since/because'.

Az anja ke is usually used at the start of a sentence; Zira is used in the middle.

از آنجا که خسته بودم، خوابیدم.

زیرا vs پس

Logic words.

Pas (So) introduces the result; Zira (Because) introduces the cause.

تشنه بودم پس آب خوردم vs آب خوردم زیرا تشنه بودم.

句型

من [Adjective] هستم زیرا [Simple Fact].

من گرسنه هستم زیرا ناهار نخوردم.

او [Past Verb] زیرا [Past State].

او نیامد زیرا مریض بود.

[Opinion] زیرا [Evidence].

این فیلم خوب است زیرا داستان قوی دارد.

[Process] زیرا [Mechanism].

گیاه رشد می‌کند زیرا فتوسنتز انجام می‌دهد.

[Hypothesis] زیرا [Data Analysis].

فرضیه رد شد زیرا متغیرها کنترل نشده بودند.

[Literary Claim] زیرا [Symbolic Meaning].

شاعر از شب می‌گوید زیرا نماد نادانی است.

هوا [Weather] است زیرا [Season].

هوا گرم است زیرا تابستان است.

ما باید [Action] زیرا [Consequence].

ما باید برویم زیرا دیر می‌شود.

词族

如何使用

frequency

Extremely high in written Persian; low in spoken Persian.

常见错误

Starting a sentence with 'Zira'. → Place it in the middle or use 'Az anja ke'.
Starting with 'Zira' is grammatically weak in standard modern Persian prose.
Using 'Zira' with a noun (e.g., زیرا باران). → زیرا باران می‌آمد (Zira + Clause).
Zira is a conjunction, not a preposition. It needs a verb.
Using 'Zira' in casual conversation. → Use 'Chon'.
It sounds unnaturally formal and stiff in a casual setting.
Confusing 'Zira' with 'Chera'. → Chera = Why?, Zira = Because.
One is for asking, the other is for answering.
Confusing 'Zira' with 'Banabar-in'. → Zira = Cause, Banabar-in = Effect.
They represent opposite ends of the logical chain.

小贴士

Clause Requirement

Always follow 'Zira' with a full sentence (Subject + Verb). Never use it with just a noun.

Formal Writing

Use 'Zira' in your essays and formal letters to elevate your Persian level from basic to advanced.

Avoid in Slang

Stick to 'Chon' when talking to friends. 'Zira' is too stiff for the dinner table.

News Marker

When you hear 'Zira' on the news, listen closely—the most important part of the explanation is coming up.

Synonym Variety

Don't over-use 'Zira'. Mix it with 'Chera ke' and 'Be dalil-e in-ke' in long documents.

The 'R' Rule

Remember: Zi-RA is for the RA-son (Reason).

The Comma Rule

In writing, a comma before 'Zira' is your best friend for clarity.

Historical Link

Knowing it comes from 'this reason' helps you remember its pointing function.

Textbook Staple

You will see this word in almost every Persian textbook. Master it early!

Test Tip

In the writing section of a Persian proficiency test, 'Zira' earns you more points than 'Chon'.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Zira' as 'See the Reason'. The 'Zi' sounds like 'See' and it points you to the 'ra' (reason).

视觉联想

Imagine a bridge connecting two islands. One island is the 'Result' and the other is the 'Reason'. The bridge is labeled 'ZIRA'.

Word Web

Reason Cause Logic Formal Writing Because Since Explanation

挑战

Try to write three sentences about your day using 'zira' to explain why you did certain things. Make them sound as formal as possible!

词源

The word 'zira' comes from Middle Persian (Pahlavi). It is a combination of the demonstrative 'zi' and the postposition 'ra'.

原始含义： Its literal historical meaning was something close to 'for this' or 'concerning this.'

Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Western Iranian > Persian.

文化背景

There are no major sensitivities, but using 'zira' in a very casual setting might make you seem arrogant or 'acting like a professor'.

English speakers often use 'because' for everything. In Persian, you must learn to split your 'because' into 'chon' (friends) and 'zira' (boss/teacher).

The opening of Rumi's Masnavi (implied causality). Hafez's first Ghazal: '...zira ke eshgh asan nemood avval'. Modern Iranian news broadcasts (IRIB).

在生活中练习

真实语境

Academic Writing

زیرا شواهد نشان می‌دهد که...
زیرا این نظریه...
زیرا داده‌ها...
زیرا در این مورد...

News/Journalism

زیرا دولت اعلام کرد...
زیرا جنگ باعث شد...
زیرا اقتصاد...
زیرا مردم...

Formal Emails

زیرا بنده در آن زمان...
زیرا شرکت تصمیم گرفت...
زیرا وقت کافی...
زیرا شرایط...

Literature

زیرا که دل...
زیرا که او...
زیرا که عشق...
زیرا که زندگی...

Law

زیرا طبق ماده...
زیرا قرارداد...
زیرا طرفین...
زیرا قانون...

对话开场白

"چرا این کتاب را دوست داری؟ زیرا..."

"چرا فارسی یاد می‌گیری؟ زیرا..."

"چرا به ایران علاقه داری؟ زیرا..."

"چرا امروز خوشحالی؟ زیرا..."

"چرا این شغل را انتخاب کردی؟ زیرا..."

日记主题

امروز چه کاری انجام دادی و چرا؟ (از کلمه زیرا استفاده کن)

یک هدف بزرگ در زندگی داری؟ چرا این هدف برایت مهم است؟

چرا یادگیری زبان جدید سخت است؟ دلایل خود را با زیرا بنویس.

یک خاطره خوب بنویس و توضیح بده چرا آن روز خاص بود.

چرا باید از طبیعت محافظت کنیم؟ نظرات خود را با زیرا بیان کن.

常见问题

10 个问题

In modern standard Persian, it is generally avoided. It's better to use 'Az anja ke' (Since) if you want to put the reason first. However, in some classical or poetic styles, you might see it, but for learners, sticking to the middle of the sentence is safer. Example: 'I stayed home because it rained' is better than 'Because it rained, I stayed home' when using Zira.

The main difference is register. 'Chon' is used in conversation and informal writing. 'Zira' is used in formal writing, news, and literature. Also, 'Chon' has other meanings like 'when' or 'like', whereas 'Zira' only means 'because'.

Rarely. In the Tehrani dialect, people almost exclusively use 'Chon' or 'Chon-ke'. If you use 'Zira' in a casual conversation in Tehran, you will sound like a news anchor or a book.

Yes, in formal Persian writing, it is very common to place a comma before 'Zira' to help separate the result from the cause. It improves readability in long sentences.

No. 'Zira' must be followed by a clause that includes a verb. If you want to say 'because of [noun]', you should use 'be dalil-e' or 'be khater-e'. For example: 'Zira baran mi-amad' (Correct) vs 'Zira baran' (Incorrect).

It is a more literary and emphatic version of 'Zira'. It functions the same way but adds a poetic or formal touch. You will often find it in classical poetry and high-level prose.

Yes, they share the same root. 'Chera' is the question (Why), and 'Zira' is the answer (Because). Historically, they both point to the 'reason' or 'cause'.

It is a long 'a', like the 'a' in 'father'. In Persian, this is called 'Alef-e Mamdudeh'. It should be held slightly longer than a short 'a' and has a deep, back-of-the-throat quality.

Absolutely. In fact, it is highly recommended. Using 'Zira' in a business context makes your email look professional and well-composed.

Yes, Ferdowsi and other classical poets used 'Zira' and 'Zira ke' frequently to explain the motivations of heroes and the turns of fate.

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