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B2 noun 12分钟阅读

cohésion

例句
解析 cohésion in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'cohésion' very often, but you should understand that it means 'working together well'. Think of it as 'team spirit'. In a simple classroom setting, if the students help each other and play together nicely, they have 'cohésion'. You can remember it because it looks like the English word 'cohesion'. It is a feminine word, so you say 'la cohésion'. Even at this early stage, you might hear a teacher say 'Travaillez avec cohésion' to mean 'Work as a team'. It is a big word for a beginner, but it's very useful for talking about groups. You can use it to describe your family or your friends if you all get along very well and stay together. Don't worry about the scientific or political meanings yet; just think of it as a fancy way to say 'unity' or 'togetherness'.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'cohésion' to describe groups you belong to, like a sports team or a club. You might say 'Mon équipe de foot a une bonne cohésion'. This is more precise than just saying 'on est amis' (we are friends). It means that you play well together as a unit. You should also recognize the word in simple texts about society or work. For example, if you read a brochure about a company, you might see the phrase 'cohésion d'équipe'. This means they want their workers to be a united group. You should also be careful with the gender: 'la cohésion'. Try to pair it with simple verbs like 'avoir' (to have) or 'aimer' (to like). For example: 'J'aime la cohésion de ce groupe'. It's a great word to make your French sound a bit more professional and organized even at this level.
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As a B1 learner, you are moving into more abstract topics. You should be able to use 'cohésion' in professional and social contexts. You can talk about the 'cohésion' of a project team or the 'cohésion' of a neighborhood. You should start to see the difference between 'cohésion' (the bond) and 'cohérence' (the logic). For example, a story needs 'cohérence' to make sense, but a group of people needs 'cohésion' to stay together. You can use more advanced verbs like 'renforcer' (to strengthen) or 'favoriser' (to encourage). 'Le manager veut renforcer la cohésion de l'équipe'. You will also encounter 'la cohésion sociale' in news articles about France. This is a very important concept in French culture, referring to how people from different backgrounds live together in peace. Using this word correctly will show that you understand not just the language, but also the values of French society.
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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'cohésion' with nuance and in various domains. You should be comfortable discussing 'la cohésion sociale', 'la cohésion territoriale', and 'la cohésion d'équipe' in both speaking and writing. You should understand that this word is a key part of political and sociological debates in France. For instance, you might be asked to write an essay on how to improve 'la cohésion sociale' in modern cities. You should also be able to use it in its scientific sense if necessary, such as in a technical report. You should avoid common mistakes like confusing it with 'adhésion' or 'cohérence'. At this level, you should also be familiar with synonyms like 'esprit de corps' or 'solidarité' and know when to use each one. Your sentences should be more complex, using the word as a subject or an object: 'La cohésion nationale est souvent mise à mal par les crises économiques'. This shows a high level of linguistic control.
At the C1 level, 'cohésion' becomes a tool for deep analysis. You should use it to describe complex systems, whether they are linguistic, sociological, or physical. In linguistics, you will use it to analyze 'la cohésion textuelle'—how a text is constructed through grammatical links. In sociology, you might discuss the theories of Durkheim regarding social cohesion and how they apply to modern digital communities. You should be able to discuss the 'érosion de la cohésion' (the crumbling of cohesion) in a sophisticated manner. You can also use the word metaphorically in literature or philosophy. Your vocabulary should include related terms like 'cohésif', 'interdépendance', and 'désagrégation'. You should be able to participate in a high-level debate about the 'politique de cohésion' of the European Union, understanding the economic and social implications. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item; it is a conceptual building block for your arguments.
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For a C2 learner, 'cohésion' is a word you can manipulate with total precision and stylistic flair. You understand its deepest etymological roots and its various technical applications in physics, law, and social sciences. You can use it to describe the 'cohésion atomique' in a scientific discussion or the 'cohésion jurisprudentielle' in a legal context. You are aware of the subtle rhetorical power the word carries in political speeches, often used to invoke a sense of duty and shared identity. You can write complex academic papers where 'cohésion' is a central theme, exploring its relationship with 'altérité' (otherness) or 'stabilité systémique'. You can also spot when the word is being used as a 'buzzword' in corporate jargon and can critique its use. Your mastery allows you to use the word in any register, from a highly formal state address to a nuanced philosophical treatise, always with the perfect preposition and adjective agreement.
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例句
The French word cohésion is a versatile and essential noun that describes the state of sticking together or the unity of a group. At its core, it refers to the force that holds components together to form a unified whole. In the French language, this concept is applied across a vast spectrum of domains, ranging from the physical sciences to the complex structures of social and political life. When you encounter this word, you should visualize a bond that is both strong and intentional. It is not merely about being near one another; it is about the internal strength that prevents a group or a substance from falling apart. In a physical sense, scientists use this term to describe the attraction between molecules of the same substance. However, for a language learner, the most frequent application will be in social and professional contexts. The French people place a high cultural value on the idea of the 'contrat social' (social contract), and cohésion is the glue that makes that contract work. Whether it is a sports team working in perfect harmony, a family supporting each other through a crisis, or a nation maintaining its identity despite internal differences, the word represents that vital invisible force of unity.
Social Context
In French society, 'la cohésion sociale' is a recurring theme in political discourse, referring to the capacity of a society to ensure the well-being of all its members and minimize disparities.

Le capitaine a souligné que la cohésion de l'équipe était le facteur clé de leur victoire éclatante au championnat.

Beyond the physical and social, you will also hear this word in linguistics to describe how a text is held together through grammatical and lexical links. This multi-layered nature makes it a high-frequency word in news reports, academic papers, and professional evaluations. When a manager in a French company speaks about the need for better integration, they will often use 'cohésion' to describe the desired state of the department. It implies a sense of belonging and a shared purpose that transcends individual interests.

La cohésion moléculaire permet à la goutte d'eau de garder sa forme sphérique sur une surface plane.

Scientific Application
In physics and chemistry, it refers to the intermolecular force that holds together molecules in a solid or liquid.
In summary, this word is used whenever you want to describe the internal strength and unity of a system, whether that system is a group of people, a physical object, or a structured argument. It is a powerful word that conveys stability and collective strength.

Maintenir la cohésion nationale est un défi majeur pour les gouvernements modernes face à la polarisation.

Political Dimension
The term is frequently used in the context of 'aménagement du territoire' to describe the balance between different geographical regions of France.

Le manque de cohésion au sein du parti politique a conduit à une défaite lors des dernières élections législatives.

Les activités de consolidation d'équipe visent à renforcer la cohésion entre les nouveaux employés et les anciens.

Using the word cohésion correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role and its common companions. As a feminine noun, it is almost always preceded by 'la', 'une', 'cette', or a possessive adjective like 'notre' or 'leur'. One of the most common ways to use it is with verbs of action such as 'renforcer' (to strengthen), 'maintenir' (to maintain), 'favoriser' (to encourage), or 'manquer de' (to lack). For instance, if you are describing a successful project, you might say, 'Le succès du projet repose sur la cohésion de l'équipe.' This implies that the unity of the team was the foundation of the achievement. Conversely, if a group is failing because of internal conflicts, you would say, 'Il y a un manque de cohésion flagrant.'
Common Verb Pairings
Renforcer la cohésion, assurer la cohésion, nuire à la cohésion, perdre sa cohésion.

Pour assurer la cohésion de son discours, l'orateur a utilisé des transitions fluides entre chaque argument.

In academic writing, you will often see it paired with adjectives like 'sociale', 'nationale', 'territoriale', or 'moléculaire'. Each of these pairings creates a specific technical term. 'La cohésion sociale' is perhaps the most frequent in French news, referring to the stability of the nation. When discussing urban planning, 'la cohésion territoriale' refers to the effort to make sure no region is left behind by the central government. In a sentence, you might write: 'L'État investit dans les infrastructures pour favoriser la cohésion territoriale.' This shows a high level of French proficiency, as it uses the word in a formal, systemic context.

La cohésion du groupe a été mise à rude épreuve par les récentes coupes budgétaires.

Adjective Agreement
Because 'cohésion' is feminine, any adjective modifying it must also be in the feminine form (e.g., cohésion forte, cohésion interne, cohésion durable).
Furthermore, you can use the word in more abstract or poetic ways. For example, 'la cohésion d'un rêve' might describe a dream that feels solid and unified. In sports, 'jouer avec cohésion' means to play as a unit rather than as individuals. This adverbial use (with 'avec') is very common in commentary. 'Ils ont joué avec une cohésion impressionnante.' This structure is easy to remember and very effective.

Il est impératif de restaurer la cohésion au sein de la famille après ces disputes répétées.

La cohésion de la glace est rompue lorsque la température s'élève au-dessus de zéro degré.

Une forte cohésion idéologique unit les membres de cette organisation militante.

The word cohésion is not just a textbook term; it is deeply embedded in the daily life of French speakers. You will hear it in various environments, each giving it a slightly different flavor. In the workplace, during 'réunions' (meetings) or 'entretiens annuels' (annual reviews), managers often talk about 'cohésion d'équipe'. They might organize a 'journée de cohésion' (a team-building day) where employees participate in activities like escape games or hiking to build trust. In this context, it is a positive, aspirational word. You will also hear it frequently on the news, especially when journalists discuss social issues or 'les banlieues' (the suburbs). Politicians often speak about the 'fracture sociale' (social divide) and the urgent need to restore 'la cohésion nationale'. This makes the word part of the high-level political vocabulary that every B2-level learner should master.
News & Media
Journalists use 'cohésion' to analyze the unity of political parties, the solidarity of the population during a crisis, or the integration of different communities.

Le ministre a annoncé de nouvelles mesures pour favoriser la cohésion sociale dans les quartiers défavorisés.

In the world of sports, after a big match, a coach might say, 'C'est notre cohésion qui a fait la différence.' This highlights the collective effort over individual talent. You will also find this word in scientific documentaries or educational programs. When explaining how solids maintain their shape or how insects like ants work together, the narrator will use 'cohésion' to describe the underlying forces. In a more formal setting, such as a university lecture on literature or linguistics, you will hear about the 'cohésion textuelle'. This refers to how a writer uses pronouns, conjunctions, and repetitions to make a text hang together.

La cohésion de l'atome est assurée par les forces nucléaires fortes.

Academic Context
In sociology, it describes the bonds that link members of a social group to one another and to the group as a whole.
Finally, in daily conversation among friends, while less common than in formal settings, it might be used to describe a group of friends that stays together despite time and distance. 'On a une super cohésion dans notre bande de potes.' It adds a touch of sophistication to the description of a tight-knit friendship.

Lors de la tempête, la cohésion du village a permis de porter secours à tout le monde rapidement.

Le gouvernement s'inquiète de la perte de cohésion au sein de l'Union européenne sur la question migratoire.

La cohésion de la pâte est essentielle pour réussir une bonne baguette de tradition.

Even advanced learners of French can stumble when using cohésion. The most frequent error is confusing it with its cousin, cohérence. While they look similar and both deal with things 'fitting together', they have distinct meanings. Cohésion is about the physical or social bond—the 'glue' that keeps things united. Cohérence is about logic, consistency, and making sense. If a person's argument is logical, it has 'cohérence'. If a team works well together, it has 'cohésion'. You can have a team with great cohésion (they love each other and work hard) but whose strategy lacks cohérence (it doesn't make sense).
Cohésion vs. Cohérence
Cohésion = Unity/Bond (Social/Physical). Cohérence = Logic/Consistency (Intellectual/Structural).

Ne dites pas : 'Son raisonnement manque de cohésion.' Dites plutôt : 'Son raisonnement manque de cohérence.'

Another common mistake is using 'cohésion' when you should use 'adhésion'. 'Adhésion' refers to the act of joining a group (like a political party) or the physical sticking of two different surfaces (like glue on paper). 'Cohésion' is the internal attraction within a single substance or group. So, you 'adhère' to a movement, but the movement itself has 'cohésion'.
Cohésion vs. Adhésion
Cohésion = Internal unity. Adhésion = Act of joining or external sticking.

L' adhésion de nouveaux membres renforce la cohésion du syndicat.

Learners also sometimes forget to use the correct preposition. It is usually 'cohésion de' (the cohesion of...) or 'cohésion entre' (the cohesion between...). Using 'cohésion avec' is possible but less frequent and usually refers to one group's unity in relation to something else. Finally, avoid overusing the word. While it is a great word for formal contexts, in very casual conversation, 'entente' or 'ambiance' might be more natural. Use 'cohésion' when you want to sound precise and emphasize the structural strength of a group.

La cohésion entre les services est indispensable pour le bon fonctionnement de l'hôpital.

On ne peut pas parler de cohésion si chaque membre travaille de son côté sans communiquer.

L'absence de cohésion dans la défense a permis à l'adversaire de marquer trois buts.

If you want to vary your vocabulary and avoid repeating cohésion too often, there are several excellent alternatives, each with its own nuance. The most common synonym is unité. While 'unité' also means unity, it is often used in more formal or grand contexts, such as 'l'unité nationale'. Solidarité is another close relative, but it emphasizes the moral obligation and mutual support between people rather than the structural 'stickiness' of the group. You might have solidarity with someone you don't even know, but cohesion usually refers to a defined group or substance.
Comparisons
Cohésion: Focus on the bond and structural integrity.
Unité: Focus on the state of being one.
Solidarité: Focus on mutual aid and moral support.

L' unité du pays est primordiale en temps de guerre.

In a more informal or relational context, you could use entente (understanding/agreement) or harmonie. 'Il y a une bonne entente dans l'équipe' sounds slightly more relaxed than 'Il y a une forte cohésion'. In physics or chemistry, a technical alternative might be attraction or liaison. However, 'cohésion' remains the most precise term for the macro-effect of these forces.
Contextual Synonyms
Social: Solidarité, Unité.
Professional: Esprit de corps, Synergie.
Physical: Adhérence, Liaison.

La synergie entre les deux entreprises a créé une force de frappe incroyable.

Finally, the word liant (binder/link) is often used metaphorically. 'Le sport est un puissant liant social.' This means that sport acts as the 'glue' or the 'binder' that creates cohesion. Using 'liant' as a noun is a very sophisticated way to describe the cause of cohesion.

L' esprit de corps des pompiers est légendaire et crucial pour leurs missions périlleuses.

Il existe une harmonie parfaite entre les différents instruments de cet orchestre.

La désagrégation du groupe a commencé avec le départ du fondateur historique.

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按水平分级的例句

1

Nous travaillons avec cohésion.

We work with cohesion.

Simple prepositional phrase 'avec cohésion'.

2

La cohésion du groupe est bonne.

The cohesion of the group is good.

Subject + verb 'être' + adjective.

3

Ils aiment la cohésion.

They like cohesion.

Direct object with definite article 'la'.

4

C'est une cohésion forte.

It is a strong cohesion.

Indefinite article 'une' + noun + adjective.

5

Ma famille a une grande cohésion.

My family has great cohesion.

Possessive adjective 'Ma' and feminine adjective 'grande'.

6

La cohésion aide tout le monde.

Cohesion helps everyone.

Noun as the subject of the sentence.

7

Regarde la cohésion de l'équipe.

Look at the team's cohesion.

Imperative form with a prepositional phrase.

8

Il n'y a pas de cohésion ici.

There is no cohesion here.

Negation 'ne...pas de' used with an abstract noun.

1

L'équipe de sport a besoin de cohésion.

The sports team needs cohesion.

Expression 'avoir besoin de' followed by the noun.

2

La cohésion d'équipe est importante au bureau.

Team cohesion is important at the office.

Compound noun structure 'cohésion d'équipe'.

3

Nous faisons des jeux pour la cohésion.

We are doing games for cohesion.

Preposition 'pour' indicating purpose.

4

Cette cohésion nous permet de gagner.

This cohesion allows us to win.

Demonstrative adjective 'Cette' and direct object 'nous'.

5

Le manque de cohésion est un problème.

The lack of cohesion is a problem.

Noun phrase 'Le manque de cohésion'.

6

Ils cherchent une meilleure cohésion.

They are looking for better cohesion.

Comparative adjective 'meilleure' modifying the noun.

7

La cohésion sociale commence à l'école.

Social cohesion starts at school.

Specific term 'cohésion sociale'.

8

Sans cohésion, on ne peut rien faire.

Without cohesion, we can't do anything.

Preposition 'Sans' used without an article.

1

Le manager veut renforcer la cohésion interne.

The manager wants to strengthen internal cohesion.

Infinitive 'renforcer' after the verb 'vouloir'.

2

La cohésion de ce projet dépend de vous.

The cohesion of this project depends on you.

Verb 'dépendre de' followed by a pronoun.

3

Il faut favoriser la cohésion entre les services.

It is necessary to encourage cohesion between departments.

Impersonal 'Il faut' + infinitive.

4

Le voyage a créé une nouvelle cohésion.

The trip created a new cohesion.

Past tense 'a créé' with a feminine adjective.

5

Leur cohésion est leur plus grande force.

Their cohesion is their greatest strength.

Possessive adjective 'Leur' and superlative 'plus grande'.

6

Nous avons perdu notre cohésion habituelle.

We have lost our usual cohesion.

Past tense 'avons perdu' and adjective 'habituelle'.

7

La cohésion est le secret de leur réussite.

Cohesion is the secret of their success.

Noun as a predicate nominative.

8

Elle travaille sur la cohésion des textes.

She is working on the cohesion of texts.

Preposition 'sur' indicating the topic of work.

1

La cohésion sociale est un pilier de la République.

Social cohesion is a pillar of the Republic.

Abstract concept used in a political contex

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