A2 Commands & Imperatives 18 min read 简单

给朋友下命令：肯定式 Tú 命令句

To give a regular affirmative command to a friend, just use the 'él/ella' present tense form.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To give a friendly command to a friend, use the third-person singular (él/ella) form of the present indicative.

  • Take the verb in the present tense: 'Hablar' becomes 'habla'.
  • For irregular verbs, memorize the special forms like 'ven', 'di', 'sal', 'haz', 'ten', 've', 'pon', 'sé'.
  • Attach object pronouns to the end of the verb: 'Cómela' (Eat it).
Verb (3rd person singular) + (optional pronoun attached)

Overview

是否曾经尝试告诉朋友“就这样做吧”... (Full Chinese explanation)

1. Affirmative Tú Command Formation

Infinitive Present (Tú) Command (Tú)
Hablar
Hablas
Habla
Comer
Comes
Come
Vivir
Vives
Vive
Venir
Vienes
Ven
Decir
Dices
Di
Salir
Sales
Sal
Hacer
Haces
Haz
Tener
Tienes
Ten
Ir
Vas
Ve
Poner
Pones
Pon

Meanings

Used to give direct, informal instructions, advice, or requests to someone you address as 'tú'.

1

Direct Instruction

Giving a clear order to a peer.

“¡Come tu comida!”

“¡Limpia tu cuarto!”

2

Friendly Advice

Suggesting an action to a friend.

“¡Compra ese libro!”

“¡Mira esa película!”

Reference Table

Reference table for 给朋友下命令：肯定式 Tú 命令句
Form Structure Example
Regular
3rd person singular
Habla
Irregular
Special stem
Haz
Reflexive
Verb + se
Lávate
Object Pronoun
Verb + lo/la
Cómelo
Double Pronoun
Verb + se + lo
Dáselo

正式程度

正式
Coma la manzana.

Coma la manzana. (Eating)

中性
Come la manzana.

Come la manzana. (Eating)

非正式
¡Cómete la manzana!

¡Cómete la manzana! (Eating)

俚语
¡Dale a la manzana!

¡Dale a la manzana! (Eating)

The Command Tree

Tú Command

Regular

  • Habla Speak

Irregular

  • Haz Do
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按水平分级的例句

1

¡Come!

Eat!

2

¡Habla!

Speak!

3

¡Mira!

Look!

4

¡Estudia!

Study!

1

¡Haz la tarea!

Do the homework!

2

¡Pon la mesa!

Set the table!

3

¡Dímelo ahora!

Tell me now!

4

¡Ten cuidado!

Be careful!

1

¡Ven conmigo a la fiesta!

Come with me to the party!

2

¡Sal de ahí inmediatamente!

Get out of there immediately!

3

¡Sé amable con ellos!

Be nice to them!

4

¡Cómpralo si te gusta!

Buy it if you like it!

1

¡Hazlo tú mismo!

Do it yourself!

2

¡Ten paciencia con el proceso!

Have patience with the process!

3

¡Dáselo a tu hermano!

Give it to your brother!

4

¡Ponlo donde estaba!

Put it where it was!

1

¡Vente a vivir aquí!

Come live here!

2

¡Dile la verdad sin miedo!

Tell him the truth without fear!

3

¡Hazte cargo de la situación!

Take charge of the situation!

4

¡Ten presente lo que hablamos!

Keep in mind what we talked about!

1

¡Sé tú mismo siempre!

Always be yourself!

2

¡Hazle saber que no puede ir!

Let him know he can't go!

3

¡Ponle ganas al proyecto!

Put effort into the project!

4

¡Dile que venga pronto!

Tell him to come soon!

容易混淆

Giving Friendly Orders: Affirmative Tú Commands 对比 Affirmative vs Negative Commands

Learners use the same form for both.

Giving Friendly Orders: Affirmative Tú Commands 对比 Tú vs Usted Commands

Mixing formal and informal.

Giving Friendly Orders: Affirmative Tú Commands 对比 Present Tense vs Command

Adding the 's'.

常见错误

✗

Hablas

✓

Habla

Don't include the 's'.
✗

Comes

✓

Come

Drop the 's'.
✗

Haces

✓

Haz

Irregular form required.
✗

Pones

✓

Pon

Irregular form required.
✗

Dilo me

✓

Dímelo

Pronouns must be attached.
✗

No habla

✓

No hables

Negative commands use subjunctive.
✗

Habla le

✓

Háblale

Accent required.

句型

¡___ (verb) ___ (object)!

¡___ (verb) me ___ (object)!

¡___ (verb) ___ (adverb)!

¡___ (verb) ___ (pronoun) ___ (adverb)!

Real World Usage

Texting very common

¡Llámame!

Social Media very common

¡Sígueme!

Cooking common

¡Corta la cebolla!

Travel common

¡Mira el mapa!

Sports common

¡Corre más!

Gaming common

¡Salta ahora!

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💡

Drop the S

Always remember to drop the 's' from the 'tú' present tense form.
⚠️

Irregulars

The 8 irregulars are non-negotiable. Memorize them!
🎯

Pronouns

Attach pronouns to the end to sound like a native.
💬

Regionalism

In Argentina, use 'vos' commands instead.

Smart Tips

Attach pronouns to the end of the command.

¡Di la verdad a mí! → ¡Dímela!

Use the mnemonic 'Vin Diesel'.

¡Haces la tarea! → ¡Haz la tarea!

Think of the third-person singular.

¡Hablas! → ¡Habla!

Use the 'vos' form.

¡Habla! → ¡Hablá!

发音

Dí-me-lo

Stress

When you add pronouns, the stress shifts, often requiring an accent mark.

Falling

¡Habla! ↘

Firm command.

记住它

记忆技巧

Ven Di Sal Haz Ten Ve Pon Sé (Vin Diesel has ten weapons, eh?)

视觉联想

Imagine Vin Diesel (Ven Di Sal) doing (Haz) ten (Ten) things, going (Ve) to put (Pon) a hat on (Sé).

Rhyme

Para el tú, el presente usa, ¡hazlo bien y no te confundas!

Story

Vin Diesel walks into a room. He says 'Ven' (come), 'Di' (tell me), 'Sal' (get out), 'Haz' (do it), 'Ten' (take this), 'Ve' (go), 'Pon' (put it there), 'Sé' (be cool).

Word Web

VenDiSalHazTenVePonSé

挑战

Write 5 commands you would give to your best friend today.

文化笔记

They use 'vos' instead of 'tú', so the command is 'hablá' (accent on the last syllable).

They use 'tú' commands frequently with friends.

They often use 'tú' commands but soften them with 'por favor'.

Derived from the Latin imperative mood.

对话开场白

“

¿Qué le dices a un amigo que tiene hambre?

“

¿Qué le dices a un amigo que está triste?

“

¿Cómo le pides a un amigo que te ayude?

“

¿Qué consejo le das a alguien que quiere aprender español?

日记主题

Write a list of 5 things you tell your friend to do every morning.
Write a short recipe using commands.
Write a letter to your younger self giving advice.
Describe a day in the life of a coach using commands.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

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Test Yourself

Conjugate 'hablar' for a friend.

¡___ con él!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Habla
Use the 3rd person singular.
Choose the correct irregular command. 多项选择

¡___ la tarea!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Haz
Haz is the irregular form.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

¡Comes la manzana!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¡Come la manzana!
Drop the 's'.
Change to command. Sentence Transformation

Tú pones el libro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¡Pon el libro!
Pon is the irregular form.
Match the verb to the command. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ven
Ven is the irregular form.
Add the pronoun.

¡Dime la verdad! -> ¡Di___!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: la
Dila.
Select the correct form. 多项选择

¡___ (ir) a casa!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ve
Ve is the irregular form.
Build the command. Sentence Building

hacer + lo + ahora

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¡Hazlo ahora!
Hazlo is correct.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Conjugate 'hablar' for a friend.

¡___ con él!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Habla
Use the 3rd person singular.
Choose the correct irregular command. 多项选择

¡___ la tarea!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Haz
Haz is the irregular form.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

¡Comes la manzana!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¡Come la manzana!
Drop the 's'.
Change to command. Sentence Transformation

Tú pones el libro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¡Pon el libro!
Pon is the irregular form.
Match the verb to the command. Match Pairs

Venir -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ven
Ven is the irregular form.
Add the pronoun.

¡Dime la verdad! -> ¡Di___!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: la
Dila.
Select the correct form. 多项选择

¡___ (ir) a casa!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ve
Ve is the irregular form.
Build the command. Sentence Building

hacer + lo + ahora

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¡Hazlo ahora!
Hazlo is correct.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Give the command form for 'subir' (to upload/go up). 填空

¡___ la foto a Instagram!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sube
Reorder the words to make a valid command. Sentence Reorder

arroz / ¡ / el / cocina / !

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¡Cocina el arroz!
Translate 'Drink the water!' using an informal command. 翻译

Drink the water!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¡Bebe el agua!
Match the infinitive with its tú command. Match Pairs

Match these pairs:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bailar -> Baila
Fix the command for 'mirar'. Error Correction

¡Miras este video!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¡Mira este video!
Command for 'limpiar' (to clean). 填空

¡___ tu habitación!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Limpia
Which one is a command to 'listen' (escuchar)? 多项选择

Choose one:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¡Escucha!
Translate 'Call me!' (Llamar). 翻译

Call me!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¡Llámame!
Order the words: 'por / puerta / ¡ / la / pasa / !' Sentence Reorder

Order them:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¡Pasa por la puerta!
Command for 'aprender' (to learn). 填空

¡___ español conmigo!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Aprende

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

It's an irregular verb. You just have to memorize it.

No, use 'usted' commands instead.

Yes, for affirmative 'tú' commands.

Attach it to the end of the verb.

Yes, it's the command for 'venir'.

Use the subjunctive, e.g., 'No hables'.

Yes, especially in Argentina with 'vos'.

Memorize the 8 common ones.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

French high

Impératif

French uses 'tu' while Spanish uses 'tú'.

German moderate

Imperativ

German has a distinct imperative form.

Japanese low

Meireikei

Japanese commands are often considered rude.

Arabic moderate

Amr

Arabic is more complex in gender agreement.

Chinese none

Imperative

Chinese has no conjugation.

Spanish high

Imperativo

None.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
西班牙语否定命令 (Tú)：如何地道地说“别做”
Next
西班牙语礼貌命令句 (Usted/Ustedes)

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