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enseigner

A2 verb #1,500 最常用 8分钟阅读

enseigner

前1,500

开始练习例句笔记与提示 enseigner 30秒了解

解析 enseigner in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should recognize 'enseigner' as a verb related to school. You might not use it often yourself—preferring 'apprendre'—but you will see it in descriptions of teachers. It is a regular -er verb, so you can conjugate it easily: j'enseigne, tu enseignes, il enseigne. At this stage, focus on the basic meaning: 'to teach a subject.' You will mostly see it in simple sentences like 'Il enseigne le français.' It is important to start noticing that it is often followed by a school subject. Don't worry about complex grammar yet; just think of it as the job of a 'professeur.' You might also see it in the context of 'What do you do?'—'J'enseigne.' (I teach). This is a simple way to describe a profession without needing a direct object. Remember that the 'g' is soft, like in 'manger.'

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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'enseigner' to describe your own experiences or those of others in more detail. You should start using the formula 'enseigner [subject] à [person].' For example, 'Ma mère m'enseigne la cuisine.' You are also expected to use it in the past tense (passé composé) to talk about your education: 'Le professeur m'a enseigné les bases de la guitare.' You should be able to distinguish between 'enseigner' (to teach) and 'apprendre' (to learn), even though 'apprendre' can sometimes mean both. Using 'enseigner' makes your French sound more precise and academic. You might also encounter the noun 'un enseignant' (a teacher) or 'l'enseignement' (teaching/education) in simple texts about school systems or jobs.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'enseigner' in various tenses, including the future and the conditional. You can discuss education systems and the role of teachers in society. You will use 'enseigner' to talk about abstract concepts, not just school subjects. For example, 'Cette expérience m'a enseigné la patience.' You should also be able to use indirect object pronouns correctly with the verb: 'Il leur enseigne l'histoire.' You start to understand the difference between 'enseigner' and 'former' (to train) or 'éduquer' (to raise/educate). You can participate in a debate about what schools should teach, using phrases like 'Il est important d'enseigner l'écologie aux enfants.' Your vocabulary is expanding to include related terms like 'les méthodes d'enseignement' (teaching methods).

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At the B2 level, you use 'enseigner' with nuance and stylistic variety. You can use the passive voice ('Cette matière est enseignée...') to sound more objective in essays. You understand the subtle difference between 'enseigner' and 'instruire.' You can talk about the philosophy of education and the challenges of the teaching profession. You might use the verb in more complex structures, such as 'Il enseigne à ses élèves comment analyser un texte,' where 'enseigner à' is followed by an infinitive or a sub-clause. You are also aware of the cultural importance of the 'enseignant' in French society. You can write a formal letter or an article discussing educational reforms, using 'enseigner' to describe the transmission of national values and academic standards.

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At the C1 level, 'enseigner' becomes a tool for precise academic and philosophical expression. You use it to discuss the transmission of complex ideologies, historical narratives, and scientific theories. You are comfortable with literary uses of the verb and can recognize it in classical texts. You might use it in the subjunctive or other advanced moods: 'Il est essentiel que nous leur enseignions l'esprit critique.' You understand the etymological roots (insignare) and how they influence the word's connotation of 'marking' or 'signifying.' You can analyze the rhetoric of 'enseignement' in political discourse. Your usage is flawless, including the correct placement of multiple pronouns (Il le lui enseigne) and the lack of agreement with indirect objects in the passé composé.

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At the C2 level, you have a total mastery of 'enseigner' and its place in the French linguistic landscape. You can use it to discuss the most abstract pedagogical theories, from Montaigne to Bourdieu. You understand its role in the 'mission civilisatrice' of the French language historically. You can use the verb with subtle irony or in highly specialized academic contexts (e.g., 'enseigner la déconstruction'). You are aware of all its synonyms and can choose between 'enseigner,' 'inculquer,' 'instruire,' and 'professer' based on the exact shade of meaning required. You can write a thesis-level critique of how certain subjects are taught, using 'enseigner' as a central concept in the sociology of knowledge. Your command of the verb is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

enseigner 30秒了解

Enseigner means 'to teach' in a formal or structured context.
It is a regular -er verb conjugated with 'avoir' in compound tenses.
Always use 'à' before the person you are teaching (enseigner à quelqu'un).
It is more professional and specific than the informal 'apprendre'.

The French verb enseigner is a foundational pillar of the French language, primarily meaning 'to teach' or 'to instruct.' At its core, it describes the act of transmitting knowledge, skills, or values from one person to another. Unlike the English word 'learn' (which is often confused with 'teach' by beginners), enseigner is strictly the output of knowledge. It is a regular '-er' verb, making it one of the first verbs students master in terms of conjugation, yet its usage nuances extend far into advanced academic and philosophical discourse.

The Formal Context: In a professional or academic setting, enseigner refers to the structured delivery of a curriculum. For example, a professor 'enseigne' mathematics at a university. It implies a level of authority and expertise in the subject matter being conveyed.
The Moral or Abstract Context: Beyond the classroom, the verb is used to describe life lessons or the transmission of values. Experience can 'enseigner' patience, or a parent might 'enseigner' respect to their children. In this sense, it is synonymous with 'to instill' or 'to impart.'

Mon grand-père m'a enseigné l'importance de l'honnêteté dès mon plus jeune âge.

My grandfather taught me the importance of honesty from a very young age.

Historically, the word derives from the Latin insignare, which means 'to mark' or 'to point out.' This etymological root suggests that teaching is not just about talking, but about 'marking' the mind of the student with significant information. When you enseignes, you are effectively leaving a mark of knowledge on your audience. This makes the verb feel more permanent and impactful than simply 'telling' or 'showing.'

Elle enseigne le français aux adultes qui viennent d'arriver en France.

Common Subjects: Typically, you 'enseigner' a subject (la musique, les maths, l'histoire) or a skill (la natation, la cuisine). It is rarely used for simple physical demonstrations (like 'show me how to open this'), where 'montrer' would be more appropriate.

La vie nous enseigne que rien n'est jamais acquis.

In summary, enseigner is a versatile verb that spans from the classroom to the philosophy of life. It requires an active transmitter and a receptive receiver, bridging the gap between ignorance and understanding through structured guidance.

Using enseigner correctly requires understanding its grammatical structure and its place within the '-er' verb family. As a transitive verb, it usually takes a direct object (the subject being taught) and often an indirect object (the person receiving the instruction). This 'double object' capability is a hallmark of the verb's utility in complex sentences.

The Standard Formula: The most common construction is: [Subject] + enseigne + [Subject Matter] + à + [Person]. Example: 'Le professeur enseigne la chimie aux élèves.' Note the use of 'à' before the students.
Using Pronouns: When replacing the person with a pronoun, you must use indirect object pronouns (me, te, lui, nous, vous, leur). Example: 'Il leur enseigne l'espagnol' (He teaches them Spanish).

Qu'est-ce que vous enseignez dans cette école ?

What do you teach in this school?

In the passive voice, enseigner is frequently used in academic descriptions. 'Cette matière est enseignée en deuxième année' (This subject is taught in the second year). This highlights the subject rather than the instructor, which is common in course catalogs and official documents.

On m'a enseigné à ne jamais abandonner mes rêves.

Infinitive Constructions: You can also follow the verb with 'à' and another infinitive to describe teaching an action. 'Il m'enseigne à conduire' (He is teaching me to drive). However, 'apprendre à' is much more common in daily conversation for this specific purpose.

Elle enseignait le piano pendant ses heures perdues.

Finally, consider the tense. In the passé composé, it uses 'avoir' (J'ai enseigné). In the imparfait, it describes a habitual state of being a teacher (J'enseignais le latin), which is essential for storytelling and describing past careers.

The context in which you encounter enseigner significantly influences its perceived formality. While 'apprendre' is the go-to word for 'teaching' in casual conversation, enseigner carries a weight of professionalism and structure.

In Schools and Universities: This is the primary habitat of the word. You will see it on syllabi (le programme enseigné), in job titles (enseignant-chercheur), and during introductions. If a student asks, 'Qui enseigne ce cours ?', they are asking for the official instructor.
In Professional CVs and Interviews: When describing work experience, French speakers use enseigner to sound more formal and qualified. 'J'ai enseigné le management pendant cinq ans' sounds more impressive than 'J'ai appris le management aux autres.'

Le professeur enseigne avec une passion débordante.

The professor teaches with overflowing passion.

You will also hear it in religious or philosophical contexts. A priest might 'enseigner la parole de Dieu,' or a philosopher might 'enseigner une nouvelle manière de penser.' In these cases, the word takes on a solemn, authoritative tone that suggests the knowledge being shared is of high value or sacred.

Quelles sont les valeurs que l'on enseigne aujourd'hui ?

In Literature and Cinema: Classic French literature often uses enseigner to denote the mentorship between an older, wiser figure and a young protagonist. It sets a tone of intellectual heritage.

Il est difficile d'enseigner à ceux qui pensent déjà tout savoir.

Whether in a lecture hall in Paris or a corporate training in Lyon, enseigner is the word of choice when the focus is on the systematic and professional delivery of knowledge.

Even though enseigner is a regular verb, its usage is fraught with pitfalls for English speakers due to the way 'teach' and 'learn' interact in English versus French.

Mistake 1: Confusing Enseigner and Apprendre: In English, 'learn' only means to receive knowledge. In French, apprendre can mean both 'to learn' AND 'to teach' (informally). However, enseigner ONLY means 'to teach.' Never use enseigner to mean you are studying or learning something.
Mistake 2: Forgetting the 'À': As mentioned, you teach to someone. Saying 'J'enseigne mes enfants' sounds like you are using your children as the textbook. It must be 'J'enseigne à mes enfants.'

❌ J'enseigne le français mon ami.
✅ J'enseigne le français à mon ami.

Another mistake is using enseigner for simple tasks. If you are showing someone how to use a remote control, use 'montrer.' If you are explaining a quick fact, use 'expliquer.' Enseigner implies a more substantial transfer of knowledge or a formal process.

Il ne faut pas enseigner n'importe quoi aux enfants.

Mistake 3: Misplacing Pronouns: Beginners often say 'Je enseigne lui' instead of 'Je lui enseigne.' Remember that in French, object pronouns come before the conjugated verb.

Ma mère m'a enseigné la patience.

By avoiding these common errors—especially the confusion with 'apprendre' and the missing 'à'—you will sound much more like a native speaker and clearly communicate your role as an educator or a recipient of knowledge.

French has several verbs that overlap with enseigner. Choosing the right one depends on the level of formality and the nature of what is being shared.

Enseigner vs. Apprendre: Apprendre is the most common. It can mean 'to learn' (J'apprends le français) or 'to teach' informally (Je lui apprends à cuisiner). Enseigner is more formal and usually refers to academic subjects or professional instruction.
Enseigner vs. Instruire: Instruire is even more formal than enseigner. It often refers to the intellectual development of a person or the 'briefing' of someone (like in a legal or military context). It sounds very 'high-brow.'
Enseigner vs. Former: Former means 'to train.' It is used for professional skills or physical training. You 'enseignes' mathematics, but you 'formes' a new employee on how to use the software.

Il est plus facile d'instruire que d'éduquer.

It is easier to instruct than to educate.

In summary, use enseigner for subjects and formal roles, apprendre for everyday teaching and learning, former for professional skills, and éduquer for upbringing.

Nous formons les futurs ingénieurs de demain.

Comparison Table

Enseigner: Formal, academic, subject-based.
Apprendre: Casual, dual-meaning (teach/learn).
Former: Professional, skill-based training.
Éduquer: Moral, upbringing, character-building.

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Indirect Object Pronouns

Regular -er verb conjugation

Passive Voice

Preposition 'à' with verbs of communication

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按水平分级的例句

Il enseigne le français.

He teaches French.

Present tense, 3rd person singular.

J'enseigne la musique.

I teach music.

First person singular.

Tu enseignes les maths ?

Do you teach math?

Question form.

Elle enseigne à l'école.

She teaches at the school.

Intransitive use (no object).

Nous enseignons ici.

We teach here.

First person plural.

Vous enseignez le sport ?

Do you (plural/formal) teach sport?

Formal address.

Ils enseignent l'anglais.

They teach English.

Third person plural.

Qui enseigne l'art ?

Who teaches art?

Interrogative pronoun 'qui'.

Mon père m'enseigne à cuisiner.

My father is teaching me to cook.

Use of 'm'' as indirect object.

Elle a enseigné le piano pendant un an.

She taught piano for a year.

Passé composé.

Il enseigne l'histoire aux enfants.

He teaches history to children.

Indirect object with 'aux'.

Nous voulons enseigner la guitare.

We want to teach guitar.

Infinitive after 'vouloir'.

Qu'est-ce qu'il enseigne ?

What does he teach?

Inversion with 'est-ce que'.

Elle enseigne le yoga le samedi.

She teaches yoga on Saturdays.

Habitual action.

Ils nous enseignent la politesse.

They teach us politeness.

Indirect object pronoun 'nous'.

Je n'enseigne pas le latin.

I do not teach Latin.

Negation 'ne... pas'.

L'expérience m'a enseigné la prudence.

Experience has taught me caution.

Abstract subject.

Il leur enseignera les règles du jeu.

He will teach them the rules of the game.

Future tense.

Si j'avais le temps, j'enseignerais le dessin.

If I had time, I would teach drawing.

Conditional mood.

Elle enseignait déjà quand je l'ai rencontrée.

She was already teaching when I met her.

Imperfect tense for background action.

Il est important d'enseigner le respect d'autrui.

It is important to teach respect for others.

Impersonal construction 'Il est... de'.

On m'a enseigné que le travail paie.

I was taught that hard work pays off.

Passive meaning with 'On'.

Ils enseignent comment protéger l'environnement.

They teach how to protect the environment.

Verb + 'comment' + infinitive.

Elle lui a enseigné tout ce qu'elle savait.

She taught him everything she knew.

Relative clause 'ce que'.

Cette méthode est enseignée dans le monde entier.

This method is taught all over the world.

Passive voice.

Le professeur enseigne avec beaucoup de rigueur.

The professor teaches with a lot of rigor.

Adverbial phrase 'avec beaucoup de'.

Il faut enseigner aux jeunes à être critiques.

We must teach young people to be critical.

Infinitive 'à être'.

Elle a décidé d'enseigner bénévolement.

She decided to teach voluntarily.

Adverb 'bénévolement'.

Quelles valeurs enseignez-vous à vos enfants ?

What values do you teach your children?

Interrogative adjective 'quelles'.

Il enseigne la littérature comparée à la Sorbonne.

He teaches comparative literature at the Sorbonne.

Specific academic context.

L'école doit enseigner le vivre-ensemble.

School must teach living together (social cohesion).

Compound noun 'vivre-ensemble'.

Bien qu'il soit jeune, il enseigne avec autorité.

Although he is young, he teaches with authority.

Concessive clause with 'Bien que'.

Il est impératif que nous enseignions la tolérance.

It is imperative that we teach tolerance.

Subjunctive mood.

La tragédie nous enseigne la fragilité de l'existence.

Tragedy teaches us the fragility of existence.

Philosophical subject.

Il s'est vu enseigner des techniques ancestrales.

He found himself being taught ancestral techniques.

Pronominal passive construction.

On ne saurait enseigner ce que l'on ne pratique pas.

One cannot teach what one does not practice.

Formal 'ne saurait' (cannot).

L'art d'enseigner réside dans la patience.

The art of teaching lies in patience.

Gerundive use of infinitive.

Elle a consacré sa vie à enseigner aux démunis.

She dedicated her life to teaching the underprivileged.

Prepositional phrase 'consacrer à'.

Le maître enseignait par l'exemple plutôt que par le discours.

The master taught by example rather than by speech.

Comparison 'plutôt que'.

Ce que la vie m'a enseigné, c'est l'humilité.

What life has taught me is humility.

Cleft sentence structure.

Il professe et enseigne une doctrine complexe.

He professes and teaches a complex doctrine.

Synonymous pairing.

L'histoire, telle qu'elle est enseignée, est souvent biaisée.

History, as it is taught, is often biased.

Relative clause with 'telle que'.

Nul ne peut enseigner sans une certaine vocation.

No one can teach without a certain calling.

Formal 'Nul ne'.

Elle excelle à enseigner les subtilités de la langue.

She excels at teaching the subtleties of the language.

Verb 'exceller à'.

L'enseignement qu'il dispense est d'une rare qualité.

The teaching he provides is of rare quality.

Formal verb 'dispenser'.

Il s'agit d'enseigner l'esprit de géométrie.

It is about teaching the spirit of geometry (Pascalian concept).

Philosophical idiom.

On lui a enseigné à se méfier des apparences.

He was taught to be wary of appearances.

Infinitive 'à se méfier'.

L'université se doit d'enseigner la vérité.

The university has a duty to teach the truth.

Expression 'se devoir de'.

常见搭配

enseigner une matière

enseigner à l'université

enseigner le français

corps enseignant

méthode d'enseignement

enseigner les bases

enseigner par l'exemple

enseigner à distance

liberté d'enseigner

enseigner les valeurs

常用短语

Qu'est-ce que vous enseignez ?

C'est la vie qui m'a enseigné cela.

Il enseigne à temps plein.

Elle m'a enseigné tout ce que je sais.

Enseigner aux enfants.

Le plaisir d'enseigner.

Enseigner une leçon.

Il est difficile d'enseigner.

Vouloir enseigner.

Commencer à enseigner.

容易混淆的词

enseigner vs apprendre (to learn)

enseigner vs montrer (to show)

enseigner vs éduquer (to raise)

习语与表达

"Enseigner le b-a-ba (To teach the basics)"

"Enseigner à un vieux singe à faire des grimaces (To teach an old dog new tricks - though usually 'apprendre' is used here)"

"Enseigner la politesse (To teach someone manners)"

"Enseigner le droit chemin (To teach the right path/morality)"

"Enseigner par la bande (To teach indirectly)"

"Enseigner à ses dépens (To learn/teach at one's own expense)"

"Enseigner la dure réalité (To teach the harsh reality)"

"Enseigner les ficelles du métier (To teach the tricks of the trade)"

"Enseigner à bras-le-corps (To teach with full commitment)"

"Enseigner d'une main de maître (To teach with a master's hand)"

容易混淆

enseigner vs apprendre

enseigner vs montrer

enseigner vs former

enseigner vs éduquer

enseigner vs instruire

句型

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如何使用

note

While 'enseigner' is the formal word, in spoken French, people often say 'donner des cours' (to give lessons) or 'faire de l'enseignement'.

常见错误

Enseigner requires an indirect object for the person.
Enseigner is only for the teacher, not the student.
No agreement with indirect objects in passé composé.
Enseigner takes the preposition 'à' before an infinitive.
While 'comment' is possible, 'à' + infinitive is more standard.

小贴士

The 'À' Rule

Always remember 'enseigner à quelqu'un'. This is the most common mistake for English speakers.

Formal vs Informal

Use 'enseigner' in your CV and 'apprendre' when talking to friends about teaching them a trick.

The GN sound

The 'gn' in enseigner is like the 'ny' in 'canyon'. Practice saying 'ahn-sehn-yay'.

Academic Subjects

When teaching a subject, always include the definite article: 'enseigner LA chimie'.

Professional Tone

In a cover letter, use 'J'ai enseigné' to highlight your expertise and authority.

Identify the Object

Listen for the word immediately after 'enseigne' to know what is being taught.

The Teacher's Role

Understand that 'enseigner' in France is linked to the values of the Republic.

In-Sign-er

Remember that you are putting a 'sign' of knowledge 'in' someone.

Passive Voice

Use 'est enseigné' to describe a school curriculum objectively.

Don't confuse with 'apprendre'

Never say 'J'enseigne le français' if you mean you are a student learning it.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'EN-SIGN-er'. You are putting a 'SIGN' of knowledge 'IN' someone's head.

词源

Latin 'insignare'

文化背景

The rhythm of teaching is strictly dictated by the national school holiday zones (A, B, C).

University professors (professeurs des universités) hold significant social prestige.

Teaching in French public schools must be secular (laïque).

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"Qu'est-ce que tu aimerais enseigner ?"

"Qui était ton professeur préféré ?"

"Est-il facile d'enseigner le français ?"

"Qu'est-ce que la vie t'a enseigné ?"

"Peut-on tout enseigner à un enfant ?"

日记主题

Décrivez une chose que vous avez enseignée à quelqu'un.

Si vous étiez professeur, quelle matière enseigneriez-vous ?

L'enseignement en ligne est-il efficace ?

Quelle est la leçon la plus importante que vos parents vous ont enseignée ?

Pourquoi avez-vous choisi d'apprendre (ou d'enseigner) le français ?

常见问题

10 个问题

No, you must say 'J'enseigne à mon frère.' In French, you teach 'to' someone.

Enseigner is only 'to teach.' Apprendre can be 'to learn' or 'to teach' (informally).

Yes, but 'entraîner' (to coach) or 'donner des cours de' is also common.

You say 'J'enseigne le français.' Use the definite article 'le' with the language.

Yes, 'enseignant' is the general term for the profession, while 'professeur' is the title.

Yes, 'La vie m'a enseigné la patience' is a common metaphorical use.

The past participle is 'enseigné'.

It takes 'avoir': 'J'ai enseigné'.

Usually, 'donner une leçon' is used for punishment, but 'enseigner une leçon' can be used for moral lessons.

Yes, it is a high-frequency verb in both academic and professional French.

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