s'effrayer 30秒了解
- S'effrayer means to become frightened or scared.
- It's a reflexive verb, always used with me, te, se, etc.
- Often implies a sudden reaction to something specific.
- Common in everyday talk, stories, and about children/animals.
- Core Meaning
- The reflexive verb 's'effrayer' literally means to become frightened or scared. It describes the internal feeling of fear or alarm that someone experiences in response to something perceived as dangerous, surprising, or unsettling. It's a common way to express a sudden onset of fear.
- Usage Contexts
- You'll hear 's'effrayer' used in various situations. It can be a reaction to a sudden loud noise, an unexpected event, a frightening image, or even a worrying thought. For example, a child might 's'effrayer' at a thunderstorm, or someone might 's'effrayer' when they see a spider. It's also used metaphorically to describe being daunted by a task or a situation, though this is less common at the A2 level. The key is that the fear is experienced by the subject of the verb. It implies a personal, internal reaction. Unlike 'avoir peur de' which can describe a general fear of something, 's'effrayer' often implies a more immediate and often involuntary response to a specific stimulus. It can also be used reflexively, meaning to frighten oneself, though this is rarer. The intensity of the fear can vary, from a mild startle to significant alarm, depending on the context and the individual. It's a versatile verb for describing the experience of becoming scared.
Le bruit soudain l'a fait s'effrayer.
- Basic Structure
- The most common way to use 's'effrayer' is in the present tense with a subject pronoun and the reflexive pronoun. For example, 'Je m'effraie' (I get scared), 'Tu t'effraies' (You get scared), 'Il/Elle/On s'effraie' (He/She/One gets scared), 'Nous nous effrayons' (We get scared), 'Vous vous effrayez' (You get scared - plural or formal), 'Ils/Elles s'effraient' (They get scared). The past tense is also very common, typically using the passé composé: 'Je me suis effrayé(e)', 'Tu t'es effrayé(e)', 'Il s'est effrayé', 'Elle s'est effrayée', 'Nous nous sommes effrayés', 'Vous vous êtes effrayé(e)s', 'Ils se sont effrayés', 'Elles se sont effrayées'. Remember to agree the past participle with the subject when using 'être' as the auxiliary verb, which is always the case for reflexive verbs.
- Adding Cause
- Often, you'll want to specify what caused the fear. This can be done with prepositions like 'de' or 'par'. 'S'effrayer de quelque chose' means to be scared *of* something. For example, 'Il s'est effrayé de l'ombre' (He got scared of the shadow). 'S'effrayer par quelque chose' can also be used, often implying being startled or frightened *by* something. For instance, 'Elle s'est effrayée par le coup de klaxon' (She was startled by the honk). The choice between 'de' and 'par' can sometimes be subtle, with 'de' often emphasizing the object of fear and 'par' the external agent causing the fright. You can also use adverbs to describe the intensity of the fear, such as 'beaucoup' (a lot), 'un peu' (a little), or 'facilement' (easily). For example, 'Le chien s'effraie facilement' (The dog gets scared easily).
- Negative and Interrogative Forms
- To form the negative, place 'ne' before the reflexive pronoun and 'pas' after the conjugated verb (or auxiliary verb in compound tenses). 'Je ne m'effraie pas' (I don't get scared). 'Elle ne s'est pas effrayée' (She didn't get scared). For questions, you can use inversion or 'est-ce que'. 'T'es-tu effrayé ?' (Did you get scared?) or 'Est-ce que tu t'es effrayé ?' (Did you get scared?).
Le chat s'est effrayé en voyant le chien.
- Everyday Conversations
- You'll frequently encounter 's'effrayer' in everyday French conversations, especially when people recount surprising or startling events. Imagine a friend telling you about their day: 'J'ai entendu un bruit bizarre la nuit dernière, et je me suis un peu effrayé.' (I heard a strange noise last night, and I got a little scared.) Or perhaps a parent describing a child's reaction: 'Quand le ballon a explosé, le bébé s'est effrayé et s'est mis à pleurer.' (When the balloon exploded, the baby got scared and started to cry.) It's a natural way to express a personal experience of fear or being startled.
- Media and Storytelling
- In movies, books, and news reports, 's'effrayer' is used to convey characters' reactions or to describe events that cause fear. A detective might say, 'Le témoin s'est effrayé en voyant le suspect.' (The witness got scared upon seeing the suspect.) In a fictional narrative, it could be used to build suspense: 'Elle s'est effrayée en entendant des pas derrière elle dans la rue déserte.' (She got scared hearing footsteps behind her on the deserted street.) It’s a common verb in descriptive language to add emotional weight to a situation.
- Discussions about Animals and Children
- People often use 's'effrayer' when talking about how animals or young children react to stimuli. For instance, 'Mon chien s'effraie facilement avec les feux d'artifice.' (My dog gets scared easily by fireworks.) Or, 'Elle ne veut pas aller chez le médecin car elle s'effraie des piqûres.' (She doesn't want to go to the doctor because she gets scared of needles.) This highlights its utility in describing involuntary or instinctual reactions.
- In Educational Settings
- When learning French, you'll encounter 's'effrayer' in textbooks and language learning apps. Educators use it to teach vocabulary related to emotions and reactions. You might see sentences like: 'L'enfant s'est effrayé du clown.' (The child was scared of the clown.) This ensures learners are exposed to practical, common uses of the verb.
Le bébé s'effraie facilement quand il voit des insectes.
- Forgetting the Reflexive Pronoun
- A very common error for learners is to forget the reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nous, vous, se) that is required with 's'effrayer'. Forgetting it changes the meaning or makes the sentence grammatically incorrect. For example, saying 'J'effraie' instead of 'Je m'effraie' is wrong. 'J'effraie' would mean 'I frighten (someone else)', using the verb 'effrayer' transitively. The reflexive form 's'effrayer' specifically means to become frightened oneself. Always remember to include the correct reflexive pronoun before the verb: Je m'effraie, Tu t'effraies, Il/Elle s'effraie, Nous nous effrayons, Vous vous effrayez, Ils/Elles s'effraient.
- Confusing 's'effrayer' with 'avoir peur' or 'effrayer' (transitive)
- Learners might confuse 's'effrayer' (to become frightened) with 'avoir peur' (to be scared) or the transitive verb 'effrayer' (to frighten someone else). While 'avoir peur' also means 'to be scared,' 's'effrayer' often implies a more sudden, involuntary reaction to a specific event or stimulus. 'Effrayer' without the reflexive pronoun means to cause fear in someone else. For instance, 'Le monstre effraie l'enfant' means 'The monster frightens the child.' But 'L'enfant s'effraie du monstre' means 'The child gets scared of the monster.' Using 's'effrayer' when you mean to frighten someone else, or vice-versa, is a common mix-up.
- Incorrect Past Participle Agreement
- As a reflexive verb, 's'effrayer' uses 'être' as its auxiliary verb in compound tenses like the passé composé. This means the past participle 'effrayé' must agree in gender and number with the subject. A common mistake is to forget this agreement. For example, a female speaker might incorrectly say 'Je me suis effrayé' instead of 'Je me suis effrayée'. Similarly, a group of women might say 'Elles se sont effrayés' instead of 'Elles se sont effrayées'. Always remember to add 'e' for feminine subjects and 's' for plural subjects when applicable.
- Incorrect Preposition Usage
- When specifying what caused the fear, the prepositions 'de' or 'par' are often used. Learners might incorrectly use other prepositions or omit them altogether. For example, saying 'Il s'est effrayé le bruit' is incorrect. It should be 'Il s'est effrayé du bruit' (He got scared of the noise) or potentially 'Il s'est effrayé par le bruit' (He was startled by the noise). Pay attention to the common patterns 's'effrayer de' and 's'effrayer par' and practice using them correctly.
Incorrect: Le chien effraie le chat. Correct: Le chien s'effraie du chien.
- Avoir peur (de)
- Meaning: To be scared (of). This is a very common and general way to express fear.
Difference: While 's'effrayer' often implies a sudden, involuntary reaction to a specific stimulus, 'avoir peur' can describe a more general or ongoing state of fear. For example, 'J'ai peur des araignées' (I am scared of spiders) is a general statement. 'Je me suis effrayé en voyant cette araignée' (I got scared upon seeing this spider) describes a specific, immediate reaction. 'S'effrayer' is reflexive, whereas 'avoir peur' is not. - Être effrayé(e) (par)
- Meaning: To be frightened (by). This is the passive form of the verb 'effrayer' (to frighten).
Difference: 'S'effrayer' is reflexive and describes the subject *becoming* frightened. 'Être effrayé' describes the state of *being* frightened, often as a result of something else. For example, 'Elle s'est effrayée' (She got scared - active, reflexive) vs. 'Elle était effrayée par le bruit' (She was frightened by the noise - passive state). The focus in 's'effrayer' is on the process of becoming scared, while in 'être effrayé' it's on the resulting condition. - Paniquer
- Meaning: To panic.
Difference: 'Paniquer' implies a more extreme and uncontrolled reaction of fear, often leading to irrational behavior. 'S'effrayer' is generally a less intense reaction, simply meaning to become scared. You can 's'effrayer' without necessarily 'paniquer'. For example, a loud bang might make you 's'effrayer', but only a very intense threat would cause you to 'paniquer'. - Sursauter
- Meaning: To startle, to jump.
Difference: 'Sursauter' describes the physical reaction of jumping or flinching due to a sudden stimulus, which is often accompanied by a brief feeling of fear. 'S'effrayer' focuses more on the internal feeling of fear itself. You can 'sursauter' without necessarily 's'effrayer' deeply, and you can 's'effrayer' without a dramatic physical 'sursaut'. For example, a door slamming might make you 'sursauter', and if it's unexpected, you might also 's'effrayer'.
'S'effrayer' vs 'Avoir peur': 'Je me suis effrayé du bruit' (I got scared of the noise - sudden reaction) vs 'J'ai peur des bruits forts' (I am scared of loud noises - general state).
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The root of 'effrayer' might be linked to the idea of being 'put out of face' or losing one's composure due to fear, drawing a connection to the Latin 'frons' (forehead, face), implying a change in facial expression due to fright.
发音指南
- Pronouncing the 'r' as an English 'r' instead of the French guttural 'r'.
- Not pronouncing the reflexive pronoun 'se' clearly.
- Incorrectly stressing the word on an earlier syllable.
- Confusing the vowel sounds, especially the 'e' sounds.
难度评级
The verb 's'effrayer' is reflexive, which can be a challenge for learners. Understanding the agreement in the passé composé is also important. The concept of becoming scared is generally straightforward, but the grammatical structure requires attention.
Requires correct use of reflexive pronouns and agreement of the past participle in compound tenses. Mastering the prepositions 'de' and 'par' that often follow it is also key.
Pronunciation of the reflexive pronoun and the French 'r' can be tricky. Correctly conjugating the verb in different tenses and situations is essential for natural conversation.
Recognizing the reflexive pronoun and the verb conjugation in spoken French is important. Context usually helps to understand when someone is describing becoming scared.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Reflexive Verbs
Verbs like 'se laver' (to wash oneself), 'se coucher' (to go to bed), and 's'effrayer' (to get scared) require a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nous, vous, se) that agrees with the subject.
Passé Composé with 'Être'
Reflexive verbs use 'être' as the auxiliary verb in the passé composé. The past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject: 'Elle s'est effrayée' (She got scared - feminine singular).
Prepositions after Verbs
'S'effrayer' is often followed by 'de' or 'par' to indicate the cause of fear: 's'effrayer de quelque chose' (to be scared of something), 's'effrayer par quelque chose' (to be scared by something).
Subjunctive Mood
After expressions of doubt, emotion, or necessity, the subjunctive mood is often used. For example, 'Il est possible qu'elle s'effraie' (It is possible that she gets scared).
Imperative Mood
The imperative form is used for commands. For 's'effrayer', it would be 'Effraie-toi !' (Get scared! - informal singular), 'Effrayons-nous !' (Let's get scared!), 'Effrayez-vous !' (Get scared! - plural or formal).
按水平分级的例句
Le chien est gros.
The dog is big.
J'ai faim.
I am hungry.
Il pleut dehors.
It is raining outside.
C'est une grande maison.
It is a big house.
Elle a un chat noir.
She has a black cat.
Le livre est sur la table.
The book is on the table.
Nous allons au parc.
We are going to the park.
Il fait chaud aujourd'hui.
It is hot today.
Le bruit soudain l'a fait s'effrayer.
The sudden noise made him get scared.
Reflexive verb 's'effrayer' in the passé composé.
L'enfant s'effraie facilement avec les gros chiens.
The child gets scared easily by big dogs.
Present tense reflexive verb with an adverb and preposition.
Quand elle a vu l'araignée, elle s'est effrayée.
When she saw the spider, she got scared.
Passé composé with agreement (elle s'est effrayée).
Ne vous effrayez pas, ce n'est qu'un chat.
Don't be scared, it's just a cat.
Imperative negative form of 's'effrayer'.
Le film d'horreur m'a fait m'effrayer.
The horror movie made me get scared.
'Faire' + infinitive reflexive verb construction.
Nous nous sommes effrayés par le coup de tonnerre.
We got scared by the clap of thunder.
Passé composé with 'par' indicating cause.
Il s'est effrayé en entendant des pas.
He got scared upon hearing footsteps.
Passé composé with gerund ('en entendant').
Pourquoi te laisses-tu effrayer par de petites choses ?
Why do you let yourself get scared by small things?
Interrogative with 'laisser' + reflexive infinitive.
Il est facile de s'effrayer face à l'inconnu.
It is easy to get scared when facing the unknown.
Infinitive used after an impersonal expression.
Elle ne voulait pas s'effrayer, mais la situation était tendue.
She didn't want to get scared, but the situation was tense.
Subjunctive after 'vouloir que' (implied) or simply negation of infinitive.
L'annonce de la mauvaise nouvelle les a fait s'effrayer.
The announcement of the bad news made them get scared.
'Faire' + reflexive infinitive.
Je me suis effrayé de mon propre reflet dans le miroir.
I got scared of my own reflection in the mirror.
Passé composé with 'de' indicating the cause.
Ne t'effraie pas de ce qu'ils disent, ce sont des rumeurs.
Don't be scared of what they say, it's rumors.
Imperative negative with 'de'.
Les enfants s'effraient souvent des monstres sous leur lit.
Children often get scared of monsters under their bed.
Present tense with frequency adverb and preposition 'de'.
Elle s'est effrayée non pas par le bruit, mais par le silence qui a suivi.
She was scared not by the noise, but by the silence that followed.
Negation 'non pas... mais' with preposition 'par'.
Il est rare qu'il s'effraie, car il est très courageux.
It is rare that he gets scared, because he is very brave.
Subjunctive mood after 'il est rare que'.
Face à une telle adversité, il est naturel de s'effrayer.
Facing such adversity, it is natural to get scared.
Infinitive used after an adjective phrase.
Elle a tenté de ne pas s'effrayer, mais la tension était palpable.
She tried not to get scared, but the tension was palpable.
Past tense of 'tenter de' + reflexive infinitive.
L'annonce soudaine de la fermeture de l'usine les a fait s'effrayer collectivement.
The sudden announcement of the factory closure made them get scared collectively.
'Faire' + reflexive infinitive with an adverb.
Il ne faut pas s'effrayer des difficultés, mais plutôt chercher des solutions.
One must not get scared by difficulties, but rather look for solutions.
Impersonal obligation 'il ne faut pas' + reflexive infinitive.
Je me suis effrayé non pas par la créature elle-même, mais par son cri.
I got scared not by the creature itself, but by its cry.
Negation 'non pas... mais' with preposition 'par'.
Les nouvelles alarmantes ont fait s'effrayer une partie de la population.
The alarming news made a part of the population get scared.
'Faire' + reflexive infinitive with a specific subject.
Elle s'est effrayée de la tournure que prenait la conversation.
She got scared by the turn the conversation was taking.
Passé composé with 'de' and a subordinate clause.
Il est peu probable que le public s'effraie de ce type de publicité.
It is unlikely that the public will get scared by this type of advertising.
Subjunctive mood after 'il est peu probable que'.
Face à l'ampleur de la tâche, il était compréhensible qu'il s'effraie.
Faced with the scale of the task, it was understandable that he would get scared.
Subjunctive after 'il était compréhensible que'.
Elle s'efforçait de ne pas s'effrayer, analysant la situation froidement.
She was trying not to get scared, analyzing the situation coldly.
Present participle ('analysant') modifying the main clause.
L'incertitude quant à son avenir a fini par le faire s'effrayer.
The uncertainty about his future ended up making him get scared.
'Faire' + reflexive infinitive with a temporal indicator.
Il ne faut pas s'effrayer des conséquences potentielles, mais plutôt anticiper les risques.
One must not get scared by potential consequences, but rather anticipate the risks.
Impersonal obligation with 'il faut' and reflexive infinitive, contrasted with another action.
Je me suis effrayé non pas par la manifestation elle-même, mais par la violence qui a éclaté.
I got scared not by the demonstration itself, but by the violence that broke out.
Negation 'non pas... mais' with preposition 'par' and a relative clause.
Les rumeurs persistantes ont fait s'effrayer la population locale.
The persistent rumors made the local population get scared.
'Faire' + reflexive infinitive with a specific, complex subject.
Elle s'est effrayée de la tournure inattendue que prenaient les négociations.
She got scared by the unexpected turn the negotiations were taking.
Passé composé with 'de' and a subordinate clause with imperfect tense.
Il est peu probable que les investisseurs s'effraient de cette volatilité temporaire.
It is unlikely that investors will get scared by this temporary volatility.
Subjunctive mood after 'il est peu probable que' with a complex subject.
Face à l'abîme de l'incertitude, il était pratiquement inévitable de s'effrayer.
Faced with the abyss of uncertainty, it was practically inevitable to get scared.
Infinitive used after a complex adjective phrase with an adverb.
Elle s'employait à ne pas s'effrayer, décortiquant chaque détail de la scène.
She endeavored not to get scared, dissecting every detail of the scene.
Verb 's'employer à' + reflexive infinitive, with a present participle modifying the main clause.
L'accumulation de signaux négatifs a inexorablement conduit à le faire s'effrayer.
The accumulation of negative signals inexorably led to him getting scared.
'Faire' + reflexive infinitive with a complex subject and an adverb.
Il ne faut pas s'effrayer des répercussions potentielles, mais plutôt esquisser une stratégie proactive.
One must not get scared by potential repercussions, but rather sketch out a proactive strategy.
Impersonal obligation with 'il faut' and reflexive infinitive, contrasted with a sophisticated action.
Je me suis effrayé non pas par le spectre lui-même, mais par la détresse qu'il semblait manifester.
I got scared not by the specter itself, but by the distress it seemed to manifest.
Negation 'non pas... mais' with preposition 'par' and a relative clause with a subjunctive or conditional meaning.
Les rumeurs insidieuses ont fini par faire s'effrayer l'ensemble de la communauté.
The insidious rumors eventually made the entire community get scared.
'Faire' + reflexive infinitive with a highly specific and complex subject.
Elle s'est effrayée de la tournure quasi tragique que prenaient les événements diplomatiques.
She got scared by the almost tragic turn the diplomatic events were taking.
Passé composé with 'de' and a subordinate clause with imperfect tense and nuanced adjectives.
Il est hautement improbable que les marchés émergents s'effraient de cette instabilité passagère.
It is highly improbable that emerging markets will get scared by this temporary instability.
Subjunctive mood after 'il est hautement improbable que' with a complex and specific subject.
常见搭配
常用短语
— He gets scared easily.
Mon frère s'effraie facilement avec les films d'horreur.
— They got scared.
Quand la voiture a freiné brusquement, ils se sont effrayés.
— Don't be scared. (plural or formal)
Ne vous effrayez pas, le docteur va vous aider.
— One must not get scared.
Face à ces problèmes, il ne faut pas s'effrayer.
— How did you manage not to get scared?
Le spectacle était terrifiant, comment as-tu fait pour ne pas t'effrayer ?
— He got scared at the sight of...
Il s'est effrayé à la vue du serpent.
容易混淆的词
This is the non-reflexive form, meaning 'to frighten someone else'. For example, 'Le monstre effraie l'enfant' (The monster frightens the child). 'S'effrayer' means 'to become frightened oneself'.
'Avoir peur' means 'to be scared' and can describe a general state of fear. 'S'effrayer' often implies a more sudden, specific reaction of becoming scared.
This is the passive state of being frightened. 'S'effrayer' is the active process of becoming frightened.
习语与表达
— To have goosebumps. This is a physical reaction often associated with being scared or cold, but it can also be from excitement or emotion. While not directly 's'effrayer', it's a related physical manifestation of fear.
Le film d'horreur lui donnait la chair de poule.
Neutral— To be scared, to be terrified. This is a very informal idiom, similar to 'avoir la frousse' or 'avoir les jetons'.
Quand il a vu le fantôme, il a eu les chocottes.
Informal— To scare someone. This is the transitive use of 'effrayer', meaning to cause fear in someone else, rather than becoming scared oneself.
Le clown essaie de faire peur aux enfants.
Neutral— To worry oneself sick, to fret. While not directly about fear, it's about anxiety and worry, which can be related to the anticipation of something frightening.
Elle se fait des cheveux blancs à cause de ses examens.
Neutral— To be startled. This implies a sudden, sharp reaction of fear, often due to a surprise.
Il a tiré d'effroi en entendant le cri.
Neutral— To flinch, to recoil. This is a physical reaction of pulling back from something frightening or unpleasant.
Elle a eu un mouvement de recul en voyant le serpent.
Neutral— To be scared, to be terrified. Another informal idiom for fear, very common in spoken French.
J'ai eu la trouille de ma vie quand j'ai cru qu'on allait tomber.
Informal— To scare oneself. This is the reflexive use of 'faire peur', meaning to intentionally or unintentionally frighten oneself, often through imagination or by watching something scary.
Il s'est fait peur en regardant ce film d'horreur tout seul.
Neutral— To be terrified. This implies a very intense level of fear, stronger than just 's'effrayer'.
Ils étaient terrifiés par l'incendie.
Neutral— To be scared, to be very afraid. This is a more colloquial and slightly older expression for intense fear.
Il avait les foies quand il a entendu le coup de feu.
Informal容易混淆
Both 'effrayer' and 's'effrayer' come from the same root and relate to fear.
'Effrayer' (transitive) means to cause fear in someone else. 'S'effrayer' (reflexive) means to become frightened oneself. Example: 'Le clown effraie les enfants' (The clown frightens the children). vs. 'Les enfants s'effraient du clown' (The children get scared of the clown).
Le chien effraie le facteur. Le facteur s'effraie du chien.
Both express the concept of being scared.
'Avoir peur' is a state of being scared, often general or sustained. 'S'effrayer' is the action or process of becoming scared, often sudden and reactive. Example: 'J'ai peur des araignées' (I am scared of spiders - general state). vs. 'Je me suis effrayé en voyant cette araignée' (I got scared upon seeing this spider - sudden reaction).
Elle a peur des hauteurs. Elle s'est effrayée en regardant par la fenêtre.
Both can be reactions to sudden stimuli.
'Sursauter' means to startle or jump, focusing on the physical reaction. 'S'effrayer' means to get scared, focusing on the emotional response. One can 'sursauter' without feeling deep fear, and one can 's'effrayer' without a dramatic physical jump. Example: 'Le bruit l'a fait sursauter, mais il ne s'est pas vraiment effrayé.' (The noise made him jump, but he didn't really get scared).
Le flash l'a fait sursauter. Le cri l'a fait s'effrayer.
Both relate to strong negative emotional responses to danger or threat.
'Paniquer' implies a loss of control, irrational behavior, and extreme fear. 'S'effrayer' is a more general and often less intense feeling of becoming scared. Example: 'Face au danger, il a paniqué.' (Faced with danger, he panicked.) vs. 'Il s'est effrayé en entendant un bruit suspect.' (He got scared upon hearing a suspicious noise).
La situation était critique, elle a paniqué. Le petit événement l'a fait s'effrayer.
Both involve the concept of fear.
'Redouter' means to dread or fear something in the future, implying anticipation and often a more prolonged concern. 'S'effrayer' is typically a reaction to something present or immediate. Example: 'Il redoute l'examen' (He dreads the exam - future). vs. 'Il s'est effrayé du résultat' (He got scared by the result - past event).
Elle redoute le voyage. Elle s'est effrayée en pensant au voyage.
句型
Subject + reflexive pronoun + s'effraie
Le chat s'effraie.
Subject + reflexive pronoun + se + être + effrayé(e) + de/par + Noun
Elle s'est effrayée de l'ombre.
Ne + reflexive pronoun + s'effraie + pas
Ne t'effraie pas !
Il + est + Adjective + que + Subject + reflexive pronoun + s'effraie (subjunctive)
Il est normal qu'on s'effraie.
Faire + s'effrayer + Subject
Le film l'a fait s'effrayer.
Subject + essayer de + ne pas + reflexive pronoun + s'effrayer
Il essaie de ne pas s'effrayer.
S'effrayer + à l'idée de + Noun/Infinitive
Il s'effraie à l'idée de parler en public.
Non pas + par/de + Noun + mais + par/de + Noun
Elle s'est effrayée non pas par le bruit, mais par le silence.
词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
如何使用
Common
-
Forgetting the reflexive pronoun.
→
Je m'effraie.
The verb 's'effrayer' is reflexive, meaning it requires a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nous, vous, se) that agrees with the subject. Saying 'Je effraie' is incorrect.
-
Incorrect past participle agreement.
→
Elle s'est effrayée.
In the passé composé, reflexive verbs use 'être' as the auxiliary. The past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject. 'Elle' is feminine singular, so 'effrayé' becomes 'effrayée'.
-
Confusing 's'effrayer' with 'effrayer' (transitive).
→
Le chien s'est effrayé par le bruit.
'S'effrayer' means to get scared. 'Effrayer' (transitive) means to scare someone else. 'Le bruit a effrayé le chien' means 'The noise scared the dog'.
-
Using the wrong preposition.
→
Il s'est effrayé de l'ombre.
While both 'de' and 'par' can be used, 'de' is very common for the object of fear. 'Il s'est effrayé par le bruit' is also correct, emphasizing the cause.
-
Using 's'effrayer' for a general state of fear.
→
J'ai peur des fantômes.
While you might say 'Je me suis effrayé en pensant aux fantômes' (I got scared thinking about ghosts), for a general, ongoing fear, 'avoir peur' is more appropriate than 's'effrayer'.
小贴士
Master Reflexive Verbs
Remember that 's'effrayer' is a reflexive verb. Always include the reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nous, vous, se) that matches your subject. Practice conjugating it in different tenses until it becomes automatic. This is crucial for correct French.
The French 'R'
Practice the French guttural 'r' sound. It's different from the English 'r'. Listen to native speakers and try to imitate it, especially in words like 'effrayer'.
Use it in Sentences
The best way to learn 's'effrayer' is to use it! Write sentences about things that might scare you or others. Try describing a scene from a movie or a personal experience where fear was involved.
Distinguish from 'Avoir Peur'
While similar, 's'effrayer' often implies a sudden, immediate reaction, whereas 'avoir peur' can describe a more general or ongoing state of fear. Try to use them in situations where each fits best.
Visual Mnemonic
Create a vivid mental image or a short story. For 's'effrayer', imagine a fragile character easily getting 'frightened' by every little thing. Associating the word with a strong image helps recall.
Role-Playing
Engage in role-playing exercises where you have to react to surprising or frightening situations. This will help you use 's'effrayer' naturally in spoken French.
Beware of Agreement
In the passé composé, remember that the past participle 'effrayé' must agree in gender and number with the subject when using 'être'. This is a common mistake for learners.
Listen Actively
Watch French movies, listen to French podcasts, or read French books. Pay attention to how native speakers use 's'effrayer' in different contexts and dialogues.
Focus on Reflexivity
Always think of 's'effrayer' as 'to scare oneself'. This reflexive nature is key to its meaning and grammatical usage. If you want to say 'I frighten him', you use 'J'effraie' (transitive), not 'Je m'effraie'.
记住它
记忆技巧
Imagine a very 'FRA'gilE creature that easily gets 'AY' (scared) by anything. It's a creature that 's'effraie' easily.
视觉联想
Picture a small, fragile animal (like a rabbit) jumping in fright when it hears a sudden loud noise, its eyes wide with fear. Associate this image with the sound 'effrayer'.
Word Web
挑战
Try to use 's'effrayer' in three different sentences describing reactions to common everyday events, like a loud car horn, a sudden power outage, or seeing a familiar but unexpected person.
词源
The verb 's'effrayer' originates from the verb 'effrayer', which itself comes from the Old French 'effraier'. This Old French word is believed to derive from the Vulgar Latin '*exfrāvidāre', possibly related to the Latin 'fraus' (deception, fraud) or 'frendere' (to gnash one's teeth), suggesting a sense of being disturbed or agitated.
原始含义： To cause fear or alarm.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Vulgar Latin > Old French > French文化背景
The verb 's'effrayer' itself is neutral and descriptive. The context determines the sensitivity. Describing a child getting scared by a loud noise is commonplace. Describing someone being deeply traumatized by a frightening event requires more nuanced language and sensitivity.
In English, 'to become frightened' or 'to get scared' are direct equivalents. The reflexive nature of 's'effrayer' is captured by phrases like 'to scare oneself' or by the context implying an internal reaction.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Describing reactions to sudden noises or events.
- Le bruit l'a fait s'effrayer.
- Elle s'est effrayée au coup de tonnerre.
- Ne vous effrayez pas du bruit.
Talking about children's or animals' fears.
- L'enfant s'effraie facilement.
- Le chien s'est effrayé.
- Les animaux s'effraient des feux d'artifice.
Recounting a scary experience.
- Je me suis effrayé.
- Elle s'est effrayée en voyant...
- Nous nous sommes effrayés.
Expressing fear of something specific.
- Il s'effraie de l'obscurité.
- Elle s'est effrayée de l'araignée.
- Je m'effraie à l'idée de...
Giving advice about not being scared.
- Ne t'effraie pas.
- Il ne faut pas s'effrayer.
- Vous ne devriez pas vous effrayer.
对话开场白
"What's something that easily makes you get scared?"
"Have you ever been really scared by a sudden noise?"
"What's a movie that made you 's'effrayer'?"
"Do you think it's okay for adults to 's'effrayer' sometimes?"
"What's the funniest situation where someone got scared?"
日记主题
Describe a time you were very scared and what happened.
Write about something that used to scare you as a child but doesn't anymore.
Imagine a scenario where you have to face something you fear. How would you try not to 's'effrayer'?
Reflect on a time you saw someone else get scared. What was their reaction like?
Write a short story where a character has to overcome their fear and not 's'effrayer'.
常见问题
10 个问题'S'effrayer' means to become frightened, often suddenly, in reaction to something specific. It's the action of getting scared. 'Avoir peur' means to be scared, and it can describe a general state or a more prolonged feeling of fear. For example, 'Je me suis effrayé quand j'ai vu l'araignée' (I got scared when I saw the spider - a sudden reaction), versus 'J'ai peur des araignées' (I am scared of spiders - a general state). Both are common, but 's'effrayer' emphasizes the moment of becoming scared.
Yes, 's'effrayer' is a reflexive verb. This means it always requires a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nous, vous, se) before the conjugated verb. For example, 'Je m'effraie', 'Tu t'effraies', 'Il s'effraie', etc. If you omit the reflexive pronoun, you would be using the transitive verb 'effrayer', which means 'to frighten someone else'.
The past tense (passé composé) of 's'effrayer' uses the auxiliary verb 'être'. So, you conjugate 'être' and add the past participle 'effrayé', making sure to agree it with the subject in gender and number. For example: 'Je me suis effrayé(e)', 'Tu t'es effrayé(e)', 'Il s'est effrayé', 'Elle s'est effrayée', 'Nous nous sommes effrayés', 'Vous vous êtes effrayé(e)s', 'Ils se sont effrayés', 'Elles se sont effrayées'.
The most common prepositions are 'de' and 'par'. 'S'effrayer de quelque chose' means to be scared *of* something, often emphasizing the object of fear. 'S'effrayer par quelque chose' can mean to be scared *by* something, often emphasizing the agent or cause of the fright. For example: 'Il s'est effrayé de l'ombre' (He got scared of the shadow) and 'Il s'est effrayé par le coup de klaxon' (He was startled by the honk).
Yes, like most French verbs. You place 'ne' before the reflexive pronoun and 'pas' after the conjugated verb (or the auxiliary verb in compound tenses). For example: 'Je ne m'effraie pas' (I don't get scared) and 'Elle ne s'est pas effrayée' (She didn't get scared).
'Sursauter' means to startle or jump, describing a physical reaction to a sudden stimulus. 'S'effrayer' means to get scared, focusing on the emotional response. You might 'sursauter' from a loud noise and then 's'effrayer' because of it.
'S'effrayer' can be used for a range of fears, from a mild startle ('Je me suis légèrement effrayé') to a more significant fright. The context and adverbs (like 'facilement', 'beaucoup', 'un peu') help indicate the intensity.
No, that's incorrect. 'Effrayer' without the reflexive pronoun means 'to frighten someone else'. So, 'J'effraie le chien' means 'I frighten the dog'. 'Je m'effraie' means 'I get scared (myself)'.
This phrase means 'to let oneself be scared' or 'to allow oneself to be frightened'. It implies a choice or a lack of resistance to fear, often used in contexts like watching a scary movie. For example, 'Elle ne voulait pas se faire s'effrayer par le film' (She didn't want to let herself get scared by the movie).
While 's'effrayer' itself is a verb, related idioms include 'avoir la frousse' or 'avoir les jetons' (to be terrified, informal), 'faire peur à quelqu'un' (to scare someone), and 'avoir la chair de poule' (to have goosebumps, often from fear).
自我测试 10 个问题
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The French verb 's'effrayer' translates to 'to become frightened' or 'to get scared'. It's a reflexive verb, meaning it always requires a reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nous, vous, se) before it, like in 'Je m'effraie' (I get scared). This verb often describes a sudden, involuntary reaction to a specific event or stimulus, distinguishing it from the more general state of 'avoir peur' (to be scared).
- S'effrayer means to become frightened or scared.
- It's a reflexive verb, always used with me, te, se, etc.
- Often implies a sudden reaction to something specific.
- Common in everyday talk, stories, and about children/animals.
Master Reflexive Verbs
Remember that 's'effrayer' is a reflexive verb. Always include the reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nous, vous, se) that matches your subject. Practice conjugating it in different tenses until it becomes automatic. This is crucial for correct French.
Context is Key
Pay attention to the prepositions that follow 's'effrayer', typically 'de' or 'par'. They indicate what caused the fear. Understanding the context will help you choose the right preposition and express yourself more precisely.
The French 'R'
Practice the French guttural 'r' sound. It's different from the English 'r'. Listen to native speakers and try to imitate it, especially in words like 'effrayer'.
Use it in Sentences
The best way to learn 's'effrayer' is to use it! Write sentences about things that might scare you or others. Try describing a scene from a movie or a personal experience where fear was involved.
相关内容
更多emotions词汇
à contrecœur
B1勉强地或违心地做某事。
à fleur de peau
B1Oversensitive; easily affected emotionally.
à la fois
B1意思是“同时”或“一下子”。
à l'aise
A2感觉舒适、放松，没有尴尬或担忧。
à regret
B1With regret; reluctantly.
abandon
B1永久离开某人或某事物的行为。
abasourdi
B1Stunned, dumbfounded, greatly astonished or shocked.
abattement
A2一种极度沮丧或体力不支的状态。
abattu
A2垂头丧气的，沮丧的，精疲力竭的。
abominable
B1Causing moral revulsion; detestable.
