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सरदी

A2 noun 10分钟阅读

सरदी

sardi

开始练习例句笔记与提示 सरदी 30秒了解

解析 सरदी in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'सरदी' (Sardi) is one of the first weather words you learn. It is used to describe a basic state of being or the environment. You will mostly use it in simple subject-verb sentences like 'Sardi hai' (It is cold). You should learn to pair it with 'bahut' (very) to say 'Bahut sardi hai.' At this stage, you are just identifying the concept of winter and coldness. You might also learn 'Sardi ke kapde' (winter clothes) as a basic vocabulary phrase. The focus is on recognizing the word in daily conversation and being able to express that you are feeling cold using the 'Mujhe sardi lag rahi hai' structure, even if you don't fully understand the grammar behind it yet.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'सरदी' (Sardi) in more varied contexts, specifically health. You learn the difference between 'Sardi lagna' (feeling cold) and 'Sardi hona' (having a cold illness). You can now describe the winter season in a few sentences, using 'Sardi' as a feminine noun with correct adjective agreement (e.g., 'Badi sardi,' 'Thodi sardi'). You start to understand its use in time expressions like 'Sardi mein' (in winter) and 'Sardi se pehle' (before winter). You can also use it to talk about seasonal activities, like 'Sardi ki chhuttiyan' (winter holidays).

By B1, you are comfortable using 'सरदी' (Sardi) in complex sentences and understanding its role in common idioms and phrases. You can discuss the impact of 'Sardi' on daily life, the economy (like crop changes), or travel plans. You begin to distinguish between 'Sardi' and its synonyms like 'Thand' and 'Jaada' based on the context or the person you are talking to. You can use 'Sardi' in the passive voice or in conditional sentences, such as 'Agar sardi badhi, to hum bahar nahi jayenge' (If the cold increases, we won't go out). You also recognize it in media headlines and can follow a weather report.

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At the B2 level, you understand the cultural and metaphorical nuances of 'सरदी' (Sardi). You can appreciate how the word is used in Bollywood lyrics to evoke specific emotions. You are capable of discussing more abstract concepts, like the 'coldness' of a person's behavior using 'Sardi' metaphorically, although 'Thandak' or 'Rookhapan' might be more common for that. You can handle professional situations, like explaining a medical condition to a doctor using 'Sardi' and related symptoms. You also understand regional variations and might use 'Jaada' appropriately to build rapport with speakers from specific regions.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'सरदी' (Sardi) is nuanced and sophisticated. You can use it in literary analysis or creative writing. You understand the historical and etymological roots (Persian 'Sard') and how it contrasts with Sanskrit-derived 'Sheet.' You can engage in deep cultural discussions about how 'Sardi' affects different social classes in India, using the word as a focal point for sociological observations. Your grammar is flawless, and you can switch between 'Sardi,' 'Thand,' 'Sheet,' and 'Jaada' effortlessly to change the register or tone of your speech.

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At the C2 level, 'सरदी' (Sardi) is just one tool in a massive arsenal of vocabulary. You use it with the precision of a native speaker, catching every subtle connotation. You can interpret classical poetry where 'Sardi' might be used to symbolize the 'winter of life' or political stagnation. You can use the word in complex wordplay, puns, or high-level academic discourse about climate change or linguistics. You understand the phonetic subtleties of how the word is pronounced in different Hindi dialects and can mimic those variations if needed. The word is no longer a 'vocabulary item' but a part of your conceptual framework in Hindi.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

सरदी 30秒了解

Sardi means winter or coldness in Hindi.
It is a feminine noun used for both weather and illness.
To say 'I am cold,' use 'Mujhe sardi lag rahi hai.'
It is a central part of North Indian seasonal culture.

The Hindi word सरदी (Sardi) is a versatile and essential noun in the Hindi language, primarily used to denote the winter season or the physical sensation of coldness. Derived from the Persian word 'sard' (meaning cold), it has become deeply integrated into the daily vernacular of Hindi speakers across the Indian subcontinent. While its most literal translation is 'winter,' its usage extends far beyond the calendar months of December and January. It encapsulates the atmosphere, the physiological response to low temperatures, and even a specific medical condition—the common cold.

Seasonal Context: In most parts of North India, 'Sardi' refers to the distinct period from November to February. During this time, the word is ubiquitous in greetings, weather reports, and discussions about clothing. You will hear people say 'Sardi aa gayi hai' (Winter has arrived) as a way to transition conversations toward seasonal preparations.
Physical Sensation: When you feel a chill, you use 'Sardi.' It describes the objective state of the environment ('Bahut sardi hai' - It is very cold) as well as your subjective experience ('Mujhe sardi lag rahi hai' - I am feeling cold). This distinction is crucial for learners to master.
Medical Nuance: Interestingly, 'Sardi' also serves as a shorthand for the common cold or a respiratory infection. If someone says 'Mujhe sardi ho gayi hai,' they aren't saying they are cold; they are saying they have caught a cold (sneezing, runny nose, etc.).

दिल्ली की सरदी बहुत मशहूर है। (Delhi's winter is very famous.)

Example of using 'Sardi' to describe a specific regional climate.

Understanding the emotional weight of 'Sardi' is also important. For many in India, winter is a season of relief from the scorching summer heat. Therefore, 'Sardi' often carries a connotation of comfort, cozy blankets (razai), hot tea (chai), and seasonal delicacies like 'Gajar ka Halwa.' However, for the underprivileged, 'Sardi' represents hardship, emphasizing the word's dual nature in social discourse.

आज सुबह बहुत सरदी थी। (It was very cold this morning.)

In literature and poetry, 'Sardi' can symbolize emotional distance or a lack of warmth in relationships, though this is less common than its literal usage. It is frequently paired with 'Dhoop' (Sunlight), as the winter sun is highly cherished. The interplay between 'Sardi' and 'Dhoop' forms the basis of many nostalgic Indian memories.

मुझे सरदी के कपड़े निकालने होंगे। (I will have to take out the winter clothes.)

Colloquial Usage: In casual speech, 'Sardi-Zukaam' is a fixed phrase used to describe general illness during the change of seasons. It highlights how the word is inseparable from health discussions.

क्या आपको सरदी लग रही है? (Are you feeling cold?)

Using 'सरदी' (Sardi) correctly requires understanding its role as a feminine noun and its interaction with specific verbs like 'लगना' (lagna - to feel), 'होना' (hona - to be/to happen), and 'आना' (aana - to come). Because it describes both a season and a physical state, the sentence structure changes depending on the intent. In Hindi, we don't just 'be' cold; coldness 'hits' us or 'is' there.

Expressing Weather Conditions: To describe the temperature outside, 'Sardi' acts as the subject. Example: 'Bahut sardi hai' (It is very cold). Here, the focus is on the environment. You can modify this with adverbs like 'thodi' (a little), 'kaafi' (quite), or 'bhayanak' (terrible/extreme).
Expressing Personal Sensation: When you want to say 'I am cold,' you use the construction 'Mujhe sardi lag rahi hai.' Literally, this translates to 'To me, coldness is being felt.' This is a common pattern in Hindi for sensations and emotions. Using 'Main sardi hoon' would be incorrect as it means 'I am winter.'

बच्चों को सरदी से बचाओ। (Protect the children from the cold.)

Another frequent usage is in the context of health. 'Sardi hona' specifically refers to catching a cold. If a doctor asks, 'Kab se sardi hai?' they are asking 'Since when have you had a cold?' Notice how the same word transitions seamlessly from weather to pathology based on the verb and context.

इस साल सरदी जल्दी आ गई। (Winter came early this year.)

When discussing clothing, 'Sardi ke kapde' (Winter's clothes) is the standard phrase. The possessive particle 'ke' is used here because 'Sardi' is treated as a possessor of the clothing type. Similarly, 'Sardi ki chhuttiyan' refers to winter vacations. The feminine 'ki' is used here because 'chhuttiyan' (vacations) is feminine, but 'Sardi' itself is also feminine, maintaining a consistent gender profile across phrases.

पहाड़ों में बहुत सरदी पड़ती है। (It gets very cold in the mountains.)

Using with 'Parna': The verb 'Parna' (to fall) is often used with 'Sardi' to indicate the occurrence of cold weather. 'Sardi par rahi hai' means 'It is being cold' or 'Cold is falling,' emphasizing the intensity of the weather.

रात को सरदी बढ़ जाती है। (The cold increases at night.)

The word 'सरदी' (Sardi) is ubiquitous in the daily life of Hindi speakers, appearing in a wide range of settings from domestic chores to professional medical consultations. Its presence in the language is seasonal but intense. During the months of October through February, you cannot go an hour in a Hindi-speaking city without hearing it. It is a word that bridges the gap between small talk and serious health concerns.

In the Household: Mothers are often heard warning their children, 'Sardi lag jayegi, sweater pehno!' (You will catch a cold/feel cold, wear a sweater!). In this context, 'Sardi' is a cautionary force. It's also used when planning meals: 'Sardi mein bajre ki roti achhi hoti hai' (Millet bread is good in winter).
In News and Media: Weather reporters frequently use 'Sardi' to describe temperature drops. Headlines might read 'Uttar Bharat mein sardi ka sitam' (The havoc of winter in North India), using dramatic language to describe cold waves. It is also a staple in Bollywood songs, often used to create a romantic atmosphere where characters seek warmth from each other.

अखबार में लिखा है कि कल से सरदी और बढ़ेगी। (It is written in the newspaper that the cold will increase further from tomorrow.)

At the doctor's office or pharmacy, 'Sardi' is the go-to word for minor illnesses. A patient might say, 'Mujhe do din se sardi hai' (I've had a cold for two days). Here, it replaces the more formal 'sheet-jwar' or the specific 'zukaam.' Pharmacists will often ask, 'Sardi ke liye dawai chahiye?' (Do you need medicine for a cold?).

डॉक्टर ने कहा कि यह आम सरदी है। (The doctor said that this is a common cold.)

In marketplaces, vendors sell 'Sardi ke phal' (Winter fruits) like guavas and oranges. You'll hear shopkeepers shouting about 'Sardi ki sale' on jackets and quilts. The word acts as a marketing trigger, signaling the need for specific seasonal goods. Even in schools, the 'Sardi ki chhuttiyan' (Winter break) is the most anticipated phrase for students in December.

क्या आपको सरदी की छुट्टियाँ मिलेंगी? (Will you get winter holidays?)

On the Street: Common greetings change in winter. Instead of just 'How are you?', people often ask 'Sardi kaisi hai wahan?' (How is the cold there?), especially when talking to relatives in different cities. It's a universal conversation starter.

बाहर बहुत सरदी है, टोपी पहन लो। (It's very cold outside, wear a hat.)

For English speakers learning Hindi, 'सरदी' (Sardi) presents a few grammatical and conceptual hurdles. The most common errors stem from direct translation from English or from confusing 'Sardi' with its synonym 'Thand' (ठंड). While they are often interchangeable, their nuances and grammatical requirements differ significantly.

Gender Confusion: Many learners treat 'Sardi' as masculine because 'Mausam' (season) is masculine. However, 'Sardi' is strictly feminine. Saying 'Bada sardi' is a common mistake; the correct form is 'Badi sardi.' Always ensure your adjectives and verbs end in 'i' sounds when referring to Sardi.
Direct Translation of 'I am cold': In English, we say 'I am cold.' A literal translation would be 'Main sardi hoon,' which actually means 'I am winter.' To express personal sensation, you must use 'Mujhe sardi lag rahi hai' (To me, cold is being felt). Forgetting the 'Mujhe' (to me) and the verb 'lagna' is a very frequent error.

Incorrect: मैं सरदी हूँ।
Correct: मुझे सरदी लग रही है।

Another mistake is confusing 'Sardi' (the noun) with 'Sard' (the adjective). While 'Sardi' is 'coldness/winter,' 'Sard' is 'cold.' You would say 'Sard hawa' (cold wind) but 'Sardi ka mausam' (winter season). Using the noun where the adjective is needed makes the sentence sound clunky or grammatically incorrect.

Incorrect: मुझे ठंड हो गई है। (for illness)
Correct: मुझे सरदी हो गई है।

Lastly, learners often forget that 'Sardi' can mean a medical cold. If someone says 'Sardi ho gayi,' they are sick. If you reply 'Haan, mausam achha hai' (Yes, the weather is good), you might seem insensitive! Pay attention to the verb 'hona' (to happen/to be sick) versus 'parna' (to fall/to be cold weather).

आज बहुत सरदी है। (It is very cold today.)

Preposition Usage: Using 'mein' (in) vs 'se' (from). 'Sardi mein' means 'In winter.' 'Sardi se' means 'From the cold' (as in protection or cause). Mixing these up can change the meaning of your sentence entirely.

Hindi has a rich vocabulary for describing temperatures and seasons. While 'सरदी' (Sardi) is the most common term, several other words offer specific nuances that can make your Hindi sound more natural and sophisticated. Understanding the difference between 'Sardi,' 'Thand,' 'Sheet,' and 'Zukaam' is key to mastery.

Thand (ठंड): 'Thand' is the most direct synonym for the sensation of cold. It is often used more colloquially than 'Sardi' when talking about the immediate temperature. While 'Sardi' is the season, 'Thand' is what you feel when you touch ice or step out into the night. It is also a feminine noun.
Sheet (शीत): This is a more formal, Sanskrit-derived word. You will find it in literature, poetry, or formal weather reports (e.g., 'Sheet-lahar' for cold wave). It sounds more 'academic' than 'Sardi.' If you use 'Sheet' in a casual conversation at a dhaba, it might sound slightly out of place.
Zukaam (जुकाम): While 'Sardi' can mean a common cold, 'Zukaam' is the specific word for it. If you want to be precise about being sick and avoid any confusion with the weather, 'Zukaam' is the better choice. It specifically refers to the congestion and sneezing aspects of a cold.

मुझे सरदी-जुकाम हो गया है। (I have a cold and congestion.)

When comparing 'Sardi' and 'Garmi' (Heat/Summer), you see the seasonal binary of Indian life. 'Sardi' is often perceived as a time of 'shringaar' (dressing up) because people can wear layers and fashion, whereas 'Garmi' is a season of endurance. This cultural contrast is important when choosing your words.

आज की ठंड बर्दाश्त के बाहर है। (Today's cold is beyond tolerance.)

In some dialects, you might hear 'Jaada' (जाड़ा) used instead of 'Sardi.' 'Jaada' is very common in rural North India and in Bihar/UP. It specifically refers to the winter season and carries a very earthy, local feel. If you use 'Jaada' in Delhi or Mumbai, people will understand you, but it marks you as having a more regional vocabulary.

गाँव में जाड़ा बहुत तेज़ होता है। (Winter is very intense in the village.)

Comparison Table: Sardi: Season/Illness (Common). Thand: Sensation (Very Common). Sheet: Formal/Literary. Jaada: Regional/Rural season.

How Formal Is It?

正式

"शीतकाल (सरदी) के दौरान वायु प्रदूषण बढ़ जाता है।"

中性

"आज बाहर बहुत सरदी है।"

非正式

"यार, बड़ी सरदी है आज तो!"

Child friendly

"चलो बेटा, सरदी है, स्वेटर पहन लो।"

俚语

"क्या सरदी दे रहा है भाई! (Meaning: Why are you being so boring/cold?)"

趣味小知识

The root 'sard' is actually a cognate with the English word 'cool' and 'chill' if you go back far enough into Proto-Indo-European roots!

发音指南

UK /səɾ.d̪iː/

US /sər.di/

The stress is slightly on the second syllable 'di', which is held longer due to the long vowel.

押韵词

वर्दी (Vardi - Uniform) गर्दी (Gardi - Dust/Chaos) दर्दी (Dardi - Someone in pain) ज़र्दी (Zardi - Yellowness/Yolk) बेदर्दी (Bedardi - Heartlessness) खुदी (Khudi - Self) नदी (Nadi - River) सदी (Sadi - Century)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'd' as an English 'd' (alveolar) instead of dental.
Making the 'r' too heavy or Americanized.
Shortening the final 'i' sound so it sounds like 'sard-ih'.
Confusing the 's' with a 'sh' sound.
Treating it as a masculine word in speech patterns.

难度评级

阅读 2/5

The script is simple but the 'ra' half-letter (reph) requires knowledge of Devanagari conjuncts.

写作 3/5

Placement of the 'reph' (the hook on top of 'da') is often a point of error for beginners.

口语 2/5

Easy to pronounce if you can do the dental 'd' and tapped 'r'.

听力 1/5

Very distinct sound, rarely confused with other common words.

接下来学什么

前置知识

मौसम (Weather) ठंडा (Cold - adj) गरम (Hot) दिन (Day) रात (Night)

接下来学习

धुंध (Fog) बर्फ (Snow/Ice) ज़ुकाम (Cold illness) ओस (Dew) रजाई (Quilt)

高级

शीत लहर (Cold wave) ठिठुरन (Shivering) कँपकँपी (Trembling) हेमंत (Early winter) शिशिर (Late winter)

需要掌握的语法

Feminine Noun Agreement

बड़ी सरदी (Big cold), सरदी अच्छी है (Cold is good).

Dative Subject with Sensations

मुझे सरदी लग रही है (I am feeling cold).

Possessive Postpositions

सरदी का दिन (Winter's day), सरदी की रात (Winter's night).

Oblique Case with Prepositions

सरदी में (In winter), सरदी से (From cold).

Verb 'Parna' for Weather

सरदी पड़ रही है (Cold is falling/happening).

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按水平分级的例句

आज सरदी है।

Today it is cold.

Basic subject-verb structure.

बहुत सरदी है!

It is very cold!

Use of 'bahut' as an intensifier.

मुझे सरदी लग रही है।

I am feeling cold.

Use of 'Mujhe' + 'lag rahi hai' for sensations.

यह सरदी का मौसम है।

This is the winter season.

Possessive 'ka' linking season and weather.

सरदी में चाय पियो।

Drink tea in winter.

Imperative verb with a seasonal context.

क्या आपको सरदी पसंद है?

Do you like winter?

Simple question formation.

मेरी टोपी सरदी के लिए है।

My hat is for the cold.

Use of 'ke liye' (for).

वहाँ सरदी नहीं है।

It is not cold there.

Negative sentence with 'nahi'.

मुझे कल से सरदी है।

I have had a cold since yesterday.

Using 'Sardi' to mean illness.

सरदी के कपड़े अलमारी में हैं।

The winter clothes are in the cupboard.

Plural noun agreement.

दिसंबर में बहुत सरदी पड़ती है।

It gets very cold in December.

Verb 'parna' used for weather occurrence.

बच्चे को सरदी से बचाओ।

Protect the child from the cold.

Use of 'se' (from/by) as a preposition.

क्या आपको सरदी की दवा चाहिए?

Do you need medicine for a cold?

Feminine 'ki' agreeing with 'dawa'.

इस बार सरदी जल्दी आ गई।

This time winter arrived early.

Adverb 'jaldi' (early/fast).

रात को सरदी बढ़ जाती है।

The cold increases at night.

Compound verb 'barh jaana'.

मुझे सरदी का मौसम अच्छा लगता है।

I like the winter season.

Expressing preference with 'achha lagna'.

अगर सरदी और बढ़ी, तो स्कूल बंद हो जाएंगे।

If the cold increases further, schools will close.

Conditional 'agar... to' structure.

दिल्ली की सरदी मुंबई से ज़्यादा तेज़ होती है।

Delhi's winter is more intense than Mumbai's.

Comparative structure with 'se zyada'.

सरदी के कारण ट्रेनें देरी से चल रही हैं।

Trains are running late due to the cold (fog).

Use of 'ke kaaran' (due to).

वह सरदी की वजह से बाहर नहीं गया।

He didn't go out because of the cold.

Use of 'ki wajah se' (because of).

सुबह की धूप सरदी में बहुत सुखद लगती है।

The morning sun feels very pleasant in winter.

Adjective 'sukhad' (pleasant).

पुराने लोग कहते हैं कि इस साल कड़ी सरदी पड़ेगी।

Old people say that there will be a harsh winter this year.

Reported speech with 'ki'.

सरदी से बचने के लिए लोग आग जलाते हैं।

People light fires to escape the cold.

Infinitive 'bachne ke liye'.

क्या आपने सरदी की छुट्टियों का प्लान बनाया है?

Have you made a plan for the winter holidays?

Perfect tense question.

बढ़ती सरदी ने गरीबों की मुश्किलें बढ़ा दी हैं।

The increasing cold has increased the difficulties of the poor.

Causative sense and abstract impact.

सरदी का असर अब सेहत पर दिखने लगा है।

The effect of the cold is now beginning to show on health.

Verb 'lagne laga' (started to).

हिमालय से आने वाली हवाओं ने सरदी बढ़ा दी है।

The winds coming from the Himalayas have increased the cold.

Participial phrase 'aane waali'.

सरदी के दिनों में गरमा-गरम खाना खाने का मज़ा ही कुछ और है।

The joy of eating piping hot food in winter days is something else.

Idiomatic 'maza hi kuch aur hai'.

डॉक्टर ने सलाह दी है कि सरदी में ठंडी चीज़ों से परहेज़ करें।

The doctor advised to avoid cold things in winter.

Use of 'parhez karna' (to abstain/avoid).

बाज़ार में सरदी के कपड़ों की भारी मांग है।

There is a heavy demand for winter clothes in the market.

Business context vocabulary.

जैसे-जैसे सरदी कम होगी, फूल खिलने लगेंगे।

As the cold decreases, flowers will begin to bloom.

Correlative 'jaise-jaise... waise-waise'.

सरदी की वह शाम मुझे हमेशा याद रहेगी।

I will always remember that winter evening.

Reflective/Emotional tone.

साहित्य में सरदी को अक्सर अकेलेपन का प्रतीक माना गया है।

In literature, winter is often considered a symbol of loneliness.

Abstract literary analysis.

सरदी की ठिठुरन के बावजूद मज़दूर काम पर जा रहे हैं।

Despite the shiver of the cold, laborers are going to work.

Use of 'ke baavjood' (despite).

जलवायु परिवर्तन के कारण सरदी का चक्र अनिश्चित हो गया है।

Due to climate change, the cycle of winter has become uncertain.

Scientific/Academic register.

उसकी बातों में एक अजीब सी सरदी थी, जैसे कोई रिश्ता ही न हो।

There was a strange coldness in his words, as if there were no relationship at all.

Metaphorical usage for human behavior.

सरदी की रातों में सन्नाटा और भी गहरा हो जाता है।

In winter nights, the silence becomes even deeper.

Poetic/Descriptive style.

प्रशासन ने सरदी को देखते हुए रैन बसेरों का इंतज़ाम किया है।

The administration has arranged night shelters considering the cold.

Administrative register 'ko dekhte hue'.

क्या यह महज़ सरदी है या किसी गंभीर बीमारी के लक्षण?

Is this merely a cold or symptoms of a serious illness?

Rhetorical question with 'mahaz' (merely).

सरदी का लुत्फ़ उठाना है तो पहाड़ों की वादियों में जाइए।

If you want to enjoy the cold, go to the mountain valleys.

High-level vocabulary 'lutf uthana' (to enjoy).

सरदी की वह चुभन आज भी मेरी रूह में बसी हुई है।

That sting of the cold is still settled in my soul.

Deeply metaphorical and poetic.

राजनीतिक सरदी ने दोनों देशों के बीच के संवाद को रोक दिया है।

The political coldness has stopped the dialogue between the two countries.

Sophisticated metaphorical usage in geopolitics.

सरदी का आगमन प्रकृति के मौन धारण करने का संकेत है।

The arrival of winter is a signal for nature to adopt silence.

Philosophical personification.

वह सरदी की मार झेलने के लिए अभ्यस्त हो चुका है।

He has become accustomed to enduring the brunt of the cold.

Advanced idiom 'maar jhelna'.

सरदी की धुंध में सच और झूठ का अंतर मिट जाता है।

In the fog of winter, the difference between truth and lies is erased.

Philosophical/Existential tone.

वैज्ञानिक सरदी के इस असामान्य पैटर्न का विश्लेषण कर रहे हैं।

Scientists are analyzing this unusual pattern of cold.

Technical/Analytical register.

सरदी की भयावहता का अंदाज़ा उन लोगों से पूछिए जिनके पास छत नहीं है।

Ask those who don't have a roof about the dreadfulness of the cold.

Complex sentence with social weight.

कविता में सरदी का वर्णन केवल मौसम का नहीं, बल्कि मन की स्थिति का भी है।

The description of winter in poetry is not just of the weather, but also of the state of mind.

Critical literary theory.

常见搭配

कड़ाके की सरदी

सरदी लगना

सरदी होना

सरदी का मौसम

सरदी के कपड़े

सरदी की छुट्टियाँ

सरदी से बचना

सरदी-ज़ुकाम

भयानक सरदी

हल्की सरदी

常用短语

सरदी आ गई

— Winter has arrived. Used to mark the change in season.

लो भाई, अब तो सरदी आ गई।

सरदी बैठना

— To have a chest cold or deep-seated cold. Used when the illness is persistent.

उसकी छाती में सरदी बैठ गई है।

सरदी मार जाना

— To be severely affected by cold, often used for plants or health.

पौधों को सरदी मार गई।

सरदी का सितम

— The cruelty of winter. Used in news to describe extreme weather.

पहाड़ों पर सरदी का सितम जारी है।

सरदी का तोहफा

— A gift of winter. Often used sarcastically for a cold or flu.

यह छींकें सरदी का तोहफा हैं।

सरदी में सुकड़ना

— To huddle or shrink due to cold.

वह सरदी में सुकड़ कर बैठा है।

सरदी का प्रकोप

— The outbreak or fury of winter.

शहर में सरदी का प्रकोप बढ़ रहा है।

सरदी खाना

— Literally 'to eat cold,' but used to mean getting exposed to cold air.

बाहर मत जाओ, सरदी खा लोगे।

सरदी-गर्मी होना

— To suffer from a sudden change in temperature.

एसी से बाहर मत निकलो, सरदी-गर्मी हो जाएगी।

सरदी का आनंद

— The joy of winter.

हम सब सरदी का आनंद ले रहे हैं।

容易混淆的词

सरदी vs ठंडा (Thanda)

Thanda is an adjective (cold water), while Sardi is a noun (the cold).

सरदी vs सर्दी (Sardi - spelling)

Sometimes spelled with or without the dot (nukta), but in modern Hindi, the Persian 'z' sound is not used here, it's a 's' sound.

सरदी vs शादी (Shaadi)

Beginners might confuse the sounds, but Shaadi means marriage.

习语与表达

"सरदी चढ़ना"

— To start feeling very cold or to have a rising fever with chills.

उसे तेज़ सरदी चढ़ रही है।

Colloquial

"खून सफेद होना"

— Though it literally means 'blood turning white,' it implies becoming cold-hearted or losing emotion, related to 'coldness.'

आजकल लोगों का खून सफेद हो गया है।

Literary/Metaphorical

"ठंडे बस्ते में डालना"

— To put something in 'cold storage' or to delay a project indefinitely.

सरकार ने इस योजना को ठंडे बस्ते में डाल दिया।

Professional/Political

"ठंडा पड़ना"

— To cool down, either in temperature or in anger/excitement.

गुस्सा ठंडा पड़ने दो, फिर बात करेंगे।

Neutral

"हाथ-पांव ठंडे होना"

— To get very scared or to be near death (extremities turning cold).

शेर को देखकर उसके हाथ-पांव ठंडे हो गए।

Common

"सर्द मोहरी"

— Coldness in behavior or lack of enthusiasm.

मेहमानों का स्वागत सर्द मोहरी से किया गया।

Formal

"सर्द आह भरना"

— To let out a cold, sad sigh.

उसने एक सर्द आह भरी और चुप हो गया।

Literary

"पानी-पानी होना"

— To be very ashamed, but sometimes used in contexts of 'cooling down' pride.

चोरी पकड़े जाने पर वह पानी-पानी हो गया।

Idiomatic

"लोहा गर्म है, चोट कर दो"

— Strike while the iron is hot (before it gets cold/Sard).

अभी मौका है, लोहा गर्म है चोट कर दो।

Common

"ओस पड़ना"

— To be disappointed (like dew falling in the cold).

उसकी उम्मीदों पर ओस पड़ गई।

Literary

容易混淆

सरदी vs ठंड

Both mean cold.

Thand is more about the sensation; Sardi is about the season or illness.

मुझे ठंड लग रही है (I feel cold) vs मुझे सरदी है (I have a cold).

सरदी vs सर्द

It's the root word.

Sard is an adjective; Sardi is a noun.

सर्द हवा (Cold wind) vs सरदी का मौसम (Winter season).

सरदी vs ज़ुकाम

Both relate to illness.

Zukaam is specifically the medical cold; Sardi is general.

उसे ज़ुकाम है (He has a cold/congestion).

सरदी vs ओस

Happens in winter.

Oas is dew; Sardi is the temperature/season.

घास पर ओस है (There is dew on the grass).

सरदी vs कोहरा

Happens in winter.

Kohra is fog; Sardi is the cold itself.

कोहरे के कारण कुछ नहीं दिख रहा (Nothing is visible due to fog).

句型

[Time/Place] बहुत सरदी है।

आज बहुत सरदी है।

मुझे सरदी लग रही है।

X को सरदी हो गई है।

राम को सरदी हो गई है।

सरदी के [Noun]

सरदी के कपड़े

सरदी की वजह से [Result]

सरदी की वजह से स्कूल बंद हैं।

जैसे-जैसे सरदी बढ़ेगी, [Future Action]

जैसे-जैसे सरदी बढ़ेगी, हम आग जलाएंगे।

सरदी का [Abstract Noun]

सरदी का आनंद

[Noun] में एक तरह की सरदी है।

उसके व्यवहार में एक तरह की सरदी है।

词族

名词

动词

形容词

如何使用

frequency

Extremely frequent in winter months; moderate in other seasons.

常见错误

Bada sardi → Badi sardi
Sardi is feminine, so the adjective must be feminine.
Main sardi hoon → Mujhe sardi lag rahi hai
You don't 'be' cold in Hindi; you 'feel' it.
Sardi pani → Thanda pani
Sardi is a noun for weather/illness; Thanda is the adjective for cold objects.
Sardi ka dawa → Sardi ki dawa
Dawa (medicine) is feminine, so it takes 'ki'.
Sardi hota hai → Sardi hoti hai
The verb must agree with the feminine gender of Sardi.

小贴士

Gender Agreement

Always remember Sardi is feminine. Adjectives like 'achhi,' 'badi,' and 'thodi' should be used.

Illness vs Weather

If you use the verb 'hona,' it's an illness. If you use 'lagna,' it's a feeling. If you use 'parna,' it's the weather.

The Dental D

Practice putting your tongue against your upper teeth for the 'di' in Sardi. It's softer than the English 'd'.

Synonym Choice

Use 'Sardi' for the season and 'Thand' for the breeze to sound more like a native speaker.

Chai Connection

In India, Sardi and Chai go hand in hand. Mentioning tea when talking about cold weather is a great social lubricant.

The Reph Mark

In the word सरदी, the small hook above 'द' is actually the 'r' sound. It's called a 'reph'.

Intensity

To describe extreme cold, use 'Kadaake ki sardi.' It's a very common and descriptive collocation.

Sard-ine Mnemonic

Recall that sardines live in cold water to remember 'Sard' means cold.

Small Talk

Complaining about the 'Sardi' is the most common way to start a conversation in North India during December.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'Sardine' in a 'Sardi' (winter) sea. Sardines like cold water, and 'Sardi' is the cold season.

视觉联想

Imagine a steaming cup of 'Chai' in a 'Sardi' morning. The contrast of the hot tea and the 'Sardi' (cold) helps remember the word.

Word Web

Winter Cold Chai Sweater Fog Feminine Illness December

挑战

Try to use 'Sardi' in three different ways today: once for the weather, once for how you feel, and once for a piece of clothing.

词源

Derived from the Persian word 'sard' (سرد), meaning cold. It entered Hindi through the influence of Persian in the Mughal courts and administrative systems.

原始含义： The original Persian 'sard' simply meant cold. In Hindi, it evolved to encompass the season and the illness.

Indo-European (via Indo-Iranian and Persian).

文化背景

Be mindful when complaining about 'Sardi' to someone who may not have adequate housing, as winter is a time of great hardship for the poor in South Asia.

English speakers often say 'I have a cold.' In Hindi, you say 'Mujhe sardi hai.' The concept is the same, but the grammar is 'To me there is cold.'

The song 'Sardi ki raaton mein' from various Bollywood films. The poem 'Sardi ka Mausam' by various Hindi poets. Delhi Sardi - a common trope in Indian pop culture referring to the city's extreme winters.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Weather Small Talk

आज बहुत सरदी है।
क्या कल भी सरदी होगी?
मुझे सरदी पसंद है।
सरदी कब खत्म होगी?

At the Doctor

मुझे सरदी हो गई है।
नाक बह रही है और सरदी है।
क्या यह सरदी की दवा है?
सरदी कितने दिन रहेगी?

Clothing Store

सरदी के जैकेट दिखाओ।
क्या यह सरदी के लिए अच्छा है?
मुझे सरदी की टोपी चाहिए।
यह कपड़ा सरदी रोकता है।

Travel Planning

वहाँ कितनी सरदी पड़ती है?
सरदी की छुट्टियाँ कहाँ बिताएं?
पहाड़ों में बहुत सरदी होगी।
सरदी के कपड़े पैक कर लो।

At Home

सरदी लग रही है, पंखा बंद करो।
सरदी में गरम पानी से नहाओ।
रजाई निकाल लो, सरदी बढ़ गई है।
सरदी में सूप पीना अच्छा है।

对话开场白

"क्या आपके शहर में अभी सरदी है? (Is it cold in your city right now?)"

"आपको सरदी का मौसम कैसा लगता है? (How do you like the winter season?)"

"सरदी में आप क्या खाना पसंद करते हैं? (What do you like to eat in winter?)"

"क्या आपको कभी दिल्ली की सरदी का अनुभव हुआ है? (Have you ever experienced Delhi's winter?)"

"सरदी से बचने के लिए आप क्या करते हैं? (What do you do to escape the cold?)"

日记主题

सरदी के मौसम की अपनी सबसे अच्छी याद के बारे में लिखें। (Write about your best memory of the winter season.)

अगर आपको सरदी पसंद नहीं है, तो क्यों? (If you don't like winter, why?)

सरदी के एक सुबह का वर्णन करें। (Describe a winter morning.)

सरदी और गर्मी में से आपको क्या बेहतर लगता है और क्यों? (Between winter and summer, what do you prefer and why?)

आपके देश में सरदी कैसे मनाई जाती है? (How is winter celebrated in your country?)

常见问题

10 个问题

Sardi is a feminine noun. This means you should use 'badi sardi' instead of 'bada sardi' and 'sardi hoti hai' instead of 'sardi hota hai'.

You say 'Mujhe sardi hai' or 'Mujhe sardi ho gayi hai.' If you mean you are feeling cold because of the weather, say 'Mujhe sardi lag rahi hai'.

They are very similar. However, 'Sardi' is more commonly used for the season (winter) and for the illness (a cold). 'Thand' is used more for the physical sensation of coldness.

No, for cold food or drinks, you use the adjective 'Thanda.' For example, 'Thanda pani' (cold water). You would not say 'Sardi pani'.

In North India, Sardi typically starts in late October or early November and lasts until February.

You say 'Sardi ki chhuttiyan.' Since Sardi is feminine and chhuttiyan is feminine plural, you use 'ki'.

Yes, 'Jaada' is a more regional or rural word for the winter season, while 'Sardi' is standard Hindi.

Yes, metaphorically. 'Sard-mijaz' means a person with a cold or stoic temperament, though it's a bit formal.

It is a common compound phrase meaning 'cold and cough' or general seasonal flu.

You say 'Sardi se bachao' or 'Sardi से bachna'.

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