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B2 noun 12分钟阅读

閲覧

etsuran

开始练习例句笔记与提示閲覧 30秒了解

解析閲覧 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word '閲覧' (etsuran) very often, but you might see it. Think of it as a very fancy way to say 'look at' or 'read.' You will see it most often on signs in libraries or on the internet. If you see '閲覧' on a button on a website, it usually means 'View' or 'Open.' At this level, just remember that it involves looking at books or screens. You can stick to simple words like '見る' (miru - to see) or '読む' (yomu - to read) when you speak. But if you see a sign in a library that says '閲覧室' (etsuran-shitsu), just know it means 'Reading Room.' It’s a word that helps you understand where you are allowed to read. You might also see it in your phone settings if you change the language to Japanese. '閲覧履歴' (etsuran rireki) is your 'browsing history.' Even at A1, knowing this word helps you navigate technology and public spaces in Japan more safely. It’s like a 'grown-up' version of the word for looking. Don't worry about using it in your own sentences yet; just try to recognize it when you see it in the world around you.

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By A2, you are starting to handle more formal situations, like visiting a library or using a computer in Japanese. '閲覧' (etsuran) becomes useful for understanding rules. For example, if a librarian says '閲覧のみです' (etsuran nomi desu), they are telling you that you can look at the book here, but you cannot take it home. This is a very common situation in Japan. You should also recognize the word in the context of the internet. If you are learning about 'safety' online, you will see '閲覧制限' (etsuran seigen), which means 'viewing restrictions' or 'parental controls.' At this level, you can start using it in simple compound nouns. You don't need to use it as a verb very much, but knowing that '閲覧する' means 'to browse' or 'to perusing' is helpful. It sounds much more professional than just saying '見る.' If you are describing what you did at a museum or a library, you might say, '資料を閲覧しました' (I viewed the materials). This shows you have moved beyond basic beginner Japanese and are starting to use vocabulary that fits the setting. It’s a key word for anyone who wants to use Japanese libraries or official websites.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using '閲覧' (etsuran) in both digital and formal contexts. You understand that this word is specifically for information and documents. You can now use it to talk about your digital habits. For example, you can discuss '閲覧履歴を消去する' (clearing browsing history) or '閲覧数' (view counts) on social media. You also start to see the word in news reports or more complex articles. A common phrase at this level is '閲覧注意' (etsuran chuui), which you will see on the internet as a content warning. You should understand that this is the formal way to say 'Be careful when viewing this.' In a business context, you might use it when talking about shared files. If you tell a coworker, '閲覧権限を設定しました' (I have set the viewing permissions), you sound competent and professional. You are also beginning to see the difference between '閲覧' and other similar words like '参照' (reference) or '視聴' (viewing video). You know that '閲覧' is the go-to word for text-based or static information that is being consulted or inspected. This level is about moving from recognition to active, correct usage in appropriate settings.

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At the B2 level, you have a deep understanding of the nuances of '閲覧' (etsuran). You know that it implies a certain level of formality and often involves a system of access. You can use it in legal or administrative contexts, such as '登記簿の閲覧' (inspection of the registry) or '個人情報の閲覧' (viewing of personal information). You are aware of the social implications of the word, such as '不正閲覧' (unauthorized access/viewing), which is a common topic in Japanese news regarding privacy breaches. You can accurately choose between '閲覧,' '視聴,' and '参照' based on the medium and the intent of the action. Your vocabulary is now rich enough to use '閲覧' in complex sentences with particles like 'に伴う' or 'に限る.' For example, '閲覧に際しては、身分証明書の提示が必要です' (Upon viewing, presentation of ID is required). You also understand the cultural aspect of '閲覧' in Japan, where access to information is often strictly categorized. You can navigate professional environments where '閲覧' is a standard part of the workflow, and you can explain the difference between 'reading for fun' (読書) and 'perusing for information' (閲覧) to others. This is the level where the word becomes a natural part of your formal and technical Japanese.

At the C1 level, your mastery of '閲覧' (etsuran) allows you to use it in highly specialized and academic contexts. You are familiar with the etymology—how the kanji '閲' (to inspect) and '覧' (to view) combine to create a sense of 'official perusal.' You can discuss the legal rights associated with information access, such as '閲覧請求権' (the right to request inspection of records). You use the word in high-level business strategy, analyzing '閲覧データ' (browsing data) to understand consumer behavior or '閲覧環境' (viewing environment/browser compatibility) in web development. You can use the word metaphorically or in very formal writing to elevate the tone. For instance, in a preface to a research paper, you might thank an institution for the '閲覧の機会' (opportunity to peruse) their archives. You are also sensitive to the 'register' of the word, knowing exactly when it sounds too clinical and when it provides the necessary precision. You can handle complex grammar patterns involving the word, such as '閲覧に供する' (to make available for public inspection). Your understanding goes beyond the word itself to the entire ecosystem of terms surrounding it, from '閲覧室' to '閲覧制限解除.' At this level, '閲覧' is not just a word for 'looking'; it is a tool for navigating the complex structures of Japanese information and law.

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At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of '閲覧' (etsuran) and its place within the Japanese language's vast hierarchy of formality and specialization. You can use it with total precision in legal briefs, academic dissertations, or high-level technical documentation. You understand the historical evolution of the term, from its roots in classical Chinese to its modern application in cybersecurity and data privacy law. You can engage in nuanced debates about '情報の閲覧の自由' (freedom of access to information) versus 'プライバシーの保護' (protection of privacy). You are comfortable using the word in its most abstract forms, such as discussing the '閲覧性' (readability/accessibility) of a complex database architecture. You can effortlessly switch between '閲覧' and its most obscure synonyms depending on the desired stylistic effect. Your use of the word is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker, whether you are discussing the '閲覧履歴' of a suspect in a criminal investigation or the '閲覧制限' on sensitive diplomatic archives. You recognize the word's presence in literature and high-level journalism, where it might be used to describe a character's intense study of ancient texts. At C2, '閲覧' is a versatile and powerful component of your Japanese, used to convey authority, precision, and a deep respect for the formal handling of information.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

閲覧 30秒了解

Formal term for 'perusing' or 'browsing' information.
Used for physical documents (libraries) and digital content (web).
Essential for technical terms like 'browsing history' (閲覧履歴).
Carries a nuance of 'authorized access' or 'purposeful viewing'.

The Japanese word 閲覧 (えつらん - etsuran) is a formal and precise term that primarily translates to 'perusal,' 'inspection,' or 'browsing.' While in English we might casually say we are 'looking at' a website or 'reading' a book, 閲覧 carries a weight of intentionality and often implies a structured environment or a specific right to access information. It is the standard term used when you are authorized to view documents that are not necessarily your own, or when you are using a public or semi-public resource like a library or a database.

Formal Context: Used in legal, academic, and governmental settings to describe the act of reviewing files or records. For example, '閲覧を申請する' (to apply for inspection of records).

In the digital age, the word has seen a massive resurgence and specialization. It is now the ubiquitous term for 'browsing' the internet or 'viewing' digital content. If you look at your smartphone settings or browser history in Japanese, you will see 閲覧履歴 (etsuran rireki), which means 'browsing history.' It distinguishes the act of viewing content from the act of creating or editing it. In a professional setting, if someone sends you a document 'for your information' or 'to look over,' they might use this term to indicate that no action is required other than your focused attention.

図書館の貴重書は、指定された場所でのみ閲覧が可能です。
(Rare books in the library can only be viewed/inspected in designated areas.)

Digital Context: Refers to the act of loading and viewing web pages. Terms like '閲覧数' (number of views/PV) are standard in analytics.

Culturally, the term reflects the Japanese emphasis on categorization and the distinction between public and private access. In a library, the 閲覧室 (etsuran-shitsu) is the reading room where books are consulted but often cannot be taken out. This highlights the 'viewing only' nature of the word. It suggests a boundary: you can see and learn from the material, but you do not possess it or change it. This makes it an essential word for anyone navigating Japanese bureaucracy, higher education, or technical industries.

インターネットの閲覧制限を解除する方法を教えてください。
(Please tell me how to lift the internet browsing restrictions.)

Legal/Official: Refers to the formal right to inspect public records or evidence in a court case. '供託物の閲覧' (inspection of deposited items).

Finally, the word is often paired with '注意' (chuui - caution). You will frequently see the phrase 閲覧注意 (etsuran chuui), which is the Japanese equivalent of 'NSFW' (Not Safe For Work) or 'Content Warning.' It warns the viewer that the following content might be shocking, graphic, or inappropriate for certain settings. This usage perfectly encapsulates the modern application of the word: it’s about the act of seeing and the responsibility or permission associated with that act.

この動画には刺激的な場面が含まれるため、閲覧には注意が必要です。
(As this video contains stimulating scenes, caution is required for viewing.)

公文書の閲覧を求める権利が国民にはあります。
(Citizens have the right to request the inspection of public documents.)

Using 閲覧 effectively requires understanding its grammatical flexibility as a 'suru-verb' (noun that becomes a verb by adding 'suru'). However, it is more commonly seen as a noun in compound phrases. To master its usage, you must distinguish between physical 'perusal' and digital 'browsing.' In sentences, it often functions as the object of an action, frequently followed by particles like 'を' (wo) or 'に' (ni).

As a Direct Object: When you want to say you are looking through something specific. Example: '資料を閲覧する' (To browse/inspect materials).

One of the most common sentence patterns involves the restriction or permission of viewing. Because 閲覧 is a formal word, it is often paired with '可能' (kanou - possible), '禁止' (kinshi - prohibited), or '制限' (seigen - restricted). This is vital for navigating Japanese websites or office environments. For instance, '閲覧権限がありません' (You do not have viewing permissions) is a common error message you might encounter.

このウェブサイトは、会員登録をしないと記事の閲覧ができません。
(You cannot view the articles on this website without registering as a member.)

In a library context, you will use it to describe where and how you are reading. The term '閲覧用' (etsuran-you) means 'for viewing/reading only,' indicating that the item cannot be checked out. If you are asking for permission to look at a specific archive, the sentence would look like: '過去の新聞を閲覧したいのですが、手続きはどうすればいいですか？' (I would like to browse past newspapers; what procedure should I follow?).

Compound Usage: Combining with other nouns: 閲覧室 (Reading room), 閲覧料 (Viewing fee), 閲覧者 (Viewer/Visitor).

In the business world, 閲覧 is used to track engagement. You might hear managers talk about '閲覧数' (etsuran-suu - view counts) for a new marketing campaign or internal announcement. A sentence like '社内報の閲覧率が低下している' (The view rate of the company newsletter is decreasing) shows how the word is used to quantify attention in a corporate setting.

個人情報の不適切な閲覧が発覚し、問題となっています。
(The inappropriate viewing of personal information has been discovered and is becoming a problem.)

Finally, consider the social media context. When you 'lurk' or watch stories without interacting, you are essentially '閲覧'-ing. While '見る' is fine, '閲覧' is used in the technical terms provided by the platform itself. For example, 'ストーリーの閲覧者リスト' (The list of people who viewed your story). This shows the transition from high-brow library perusal to everyday digital consumption.

この資料は、社外秘のため関係者以外は閲覧禁止です。
(This document is confidential, so viewing by anyone other than those involved is prohibited.)

彼は一晩中、古い裁判記録の閲覧に没頭していた。
(He was immersed in perusing old court records all night long.)

If you live or work in Japan, 閲覧 is a word that surrounds you, even if you don't realize it at first. It is less a word of casual conversation and more a word of the 'environment.' You will see it on signs, in software menus, and in official announcements. One of the most common places is the **Public Library**. Upon entering, you will see sections marked as '閲覧席' (etsuran-seki), which are seats reserved for people reading library materials rather than students using the space for self-study with their own books.

At the Library: Announcements: '貴重書の閲覧をご希望の方はカウンターまでお越しください' (Those wishing to view rare books, please come to the counter).

In the **Digital Workspace**, 閲覧 is part of the daily vocabulary of IT and administration. When you share a Google Doc or a file on a company server, you set '閲覧権限' (viewing permissions). If a colleague asks, '閲覧できましたか？' (Were you able to view it?), they are asking if the technical access worked and if you have seen the content. It is the language of 'access control.'

ブラウザの閲覧履歴を消去してください。
(Please clear your browser's browsing history.)

**Online Communities and Social Media** are another major source. On platforms like YouTube or Nico Nico Douga, the 'view count' is '閲覧数.' More interestingly, in the world of internet forums (like 2chan or 5chan), users who only read and never post are sometimes called '閲覧専' (etsuran-sen) or more colloquially 'ROM' (Read Only Member). When a post has a 'Content Warning,' the tag '閲覧注意' will be prominently displayed at the top of the thread or in the title.

In **Legal and Formal Procedures**, if you are involved in a lawsuit or need to check a property registry, you go to the '閲覧窓口' (inspection window). Here, the word takes on its most literal, physical meaning: the act of turning pages of a ledger or folder under the supervision of an official. It’s a very deliberate and serious act.

このファイルは閲覧専用です。編集はできません。
(This file is for viewing only. Editing is not possible.)

News & Media: You'll hear it in reports about data breaches: '顧客情報の閲覧履歴が残っていました' (A history of viewing customer information remained).

Lastly, you hear it in **Museums and Galleries**. While '鑑賞' (kanshou) is used for 'appreciating' art, '閲覧' might be used for looking through a catalog or a digital kiosk within the museum. It bridges the gap between 'looking at art' and 'researching information.'

マイナンバーカードを使って、自分の情報を閲覧することができます。
(Using your My Number card, you can view your own information.)

裁判所にて、事件記録の閲覧を申し立てた。
(I filed a motion at the court to inspect the case records.)

The most common mistake English speakers make with 閲覧 is using it too casually. Because 'browsing' can be very informal in English (e.g., 'I'm just browsing the shops'), learners often try to apply 閲覧 to shopping or casual window-looking. This is incorrect. 閲覧 is specifically for *information*—books, documents, websites, and data. For shopping, you should use 'ウィンドウショッピング' (window shopping) or '見て回る' (mite-mawaru - to look around).

Mistake: Shopping: Incorrect: デパートを閲覧する (Etsuran-suru the department store).
Correct: デパートを見て回る (Mite-mawaru the department store).

Another error is confusing 閲覧 with 読書 (dokusho). While both involve reading, 読書 is the hobby of reading books for pleasure. You would never say 'My hobby is 閲覧.' 閲覧 is the *act* of accessing and looking through material, often for a specific purpose or within a specific system. It’s the difference between 'I love reading' and 'I am perusing the archives.'

趣味は読書です。閲覧ではありません。
(My hobby is reading books. It is not 'perusal/viewing'.)

Confusing 閲覧 with 拝見 (haiken) is also common in business settings. 拝見 is the humble form of 'to see/look at.' You use it to show respect when looking at something someone else has provided. 閲覧 is the objective, technical name for the act. If you say '閲覧します' to your boss, it sounds a bit cold or technical; '拝見します' is much more polite and appropriate for showing you've received their email.

A subtle mistake occurs in the digital realm. English speakers might use '閲覧' to mean 'watching' a movie on Netflix. In Japanese, '視聴' (shichou - viewing/listening) is the correct term for audiovisual media. 閲覧 is more for static content like web pages, photos, or text files. If you tell a Japanese friend you are '閲覧-ing' a movie, they will understand you, but it will sound like you are inspecting the file properties rather than enjoying the film.

Mistake: Movies/Video: Incorrect: 映画を閲覧する (Etsuran-suru a movie).
Correct: 映画を視聴する (Shichou-suru a movie) or simply 映画を見る.

Lastly, remember that 閲覧 implies looking *through* or *over* something. It’s not just a quick glance. If you just 'glanced' at a sign, '閲覧' is too heavy. Use '目に留まる' (me ni tomaru - to catch one's eye) or 'ちらっと見る' (chiratto miru - to glance). Using '閲覧' for a split-second look makes you sound like a robot or a very intense investigator.

看板を閲覧した。
(I 'inspected/perused' the signboard—sounds unnatural unless you were studying the board's construction.)

Japanese has many words for 'seeing' or 'reading,' and choosing the right one depends on the object and the level of formality. 閲覧 sits in a unique spot—it is formal, technical, and information-focused. Let’s compare it to its closest neighbors to see where it fits in your vocabulary toolkit.

閲覧 (Etsuran) vs. 参照 (Sanshou): 閲覧 is the act of looking through a whole document or site. 参照 is 'referencing' a specific part to help you understand something else. You '閲覧' a manual, but you '参照' page 45 for the diagram.

視聴 (Shichou) is the necessary alternative for video and audio content. While '閲覧' is for things you read or browse (like a web page), '視聴' is for things you watch and listen to (like a TV show or a YouTube video). This is a crucial distinction in the media industry. If you are talking about 'viewing figures' for a blog, use 閲覧数; for a TV show, use 視聴率 (shichouritsu).

詳しいデータは別紙を参照してください。
(Please refer to/reference the separate sheet for detailed data.)

閲覧 (Etsuran) vs. 拝見 (Haiken): 閲覧 is an objective noun (the act of viewing). 拝見 is a humble verb (I humbly look at). Use 閲覧 for rules ('閲覧禁止') and 拝見 for your own actions towards a superior ('資料を拝見しました').

Another interesting comparison is with 通読 (tsuudoku) and 熟読 (jukudoku). '通読' means to read through from beginning to end, while '熟読' means to read carefully and thoroughly. 閲覧 doesn't specify the depth or the amount; it just specifies the *access* and the *viewing*. You can '閲覧' a document by just skimming it, or by reading every word. It’s the most neutral term regarding the intensity of the reading.

Finally, we have 見学 (kengaku). This is often confused with '閲覧' because both involve 'viewing.' However, '見学' is specifically for 'study tours' or 'observing' a place or process (like a factory tour or visiting a school). You '閲覧' a book in the library, but you '見学' the library's architecture and operations.

契約書の内容を熟読してからサインした。
(I read the contents of the contract carefully before signing it.)

Summary Table

Word	Best For
閲覧	Browsing web, perusing files, library use.
視聴	TV, Movies, YouTube, Music.
参照	Referring to a specific source for info.
見学	Visiting a place to learn how it works.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The kanji 閲 (etsu) contains the radical for 'gate' (門), suggesting the idea of someone standing at a gate to check or count people as they pass through.

发音指南

UK /etsɯɾan/

US /ɛtsuˌrɑn/

Japanese is a pitch-accent language. In '閲覧', the pitch starts low on 'e' and rises on 'tsu-ra-n'. [L-H-H-H]

押韵词

絶賛 (zessan - high praise) 決断 (ketsudan - decision) 鉄板 (teppan - iron plate) 接戦 (sessen - close race) 設営 (setsuei - construction/setup) 別館 (bekkan - annex) 欠陥 (kekkan - defect) 客観 (kyakkan - objectivity)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'tsu' as 'su'. Make sure to include the 't' sound.
Extending the 'n' too long. It should be a crisp nasal ending.
Confusing the 'r' with an English 'l' or 'r'. It is a tap, like the 'tt' in 'better'.
Incorrect pitch accent (making it 'H-L-L-L').
Mispelling the kanji as 閲覧 (using a different 'ran').

难度评级

阅读 4/5

The kanji 閲 is N1 level, while 覧 is N3. Recognizing them together is essential for B1+.

写作 5/5

The kanji for 閲 is complex to write correctly, especially the internal part of the gate.

口语 3/5

The pronunciation is straightforward, but knowing when to use it vs. 'miru' requires nuance.

听力 3/5

Common in formal announcements and tech settings, so it's easy to pick up once learned.

接下来学什么

前置知识

見る (miru) 読む (yomu) 資料 (shiryou) 履歴 (rireki) 制限 (seigen)

接下来学习

参照 (sanshou) 視聴 (shichou) 検閲 (ken-etsu) 権限 (kengen) 解析 (kaiseki)

高级

供覧 (kyouran) 回覧 (kairan) 綜覧 (souran) 校閲 (kouetsu) 査閲 (saetsu)

需要掌握的语法

Suru-verbs (Nouns as Verbs)

閲覧する (To browse)

Potential Form with Dekiru

閲覧できる (Can browse)

Compound Nouns (Noun + Noun)

閲覧 + 履歴 = 閲覧履歴

Formal Nominalization with 'No'

閲覧するのが目的だ (Viewing is the goal)

Humble/Honorific distinctions

ご閲覧 (Honorific form used in business)

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按水平分级的例句

この本はここで閲覧してください。

Please read/view this book here.

Simple command using 'kudasai'.

閲覧履歴を見ます。

I will look at the browsing history.

Direct object 'history' with verb 'to see'.

閲覧室はどこですか？

Where is the reading room?

Basic question structure.

ボタンを押して閲覧する。

Press the button to view.

Sequential action using 'te' form.

閲覧は無料です。

Viewing is free.

Noun + wa + adjective.

この写真は閲覧できません。

You cannot view this photo.

Potential negative form of the noun-verb.

資料を閲覧しました。

I viewed the materials.

Past tense of 'suru'.

ウェブを閲覧します。

I browse the web.

Simple present/future tense.

図書館で古い雑誌を閲覧しました。

I browsed old magazines at the library.

Past tense with location particle 'de'.

閲覧にはカードが必要です。

A card is required for viewing.

Particle 'ni wa' indicating requirement.

このサイトは閲覧制限があります。

This site has viewing restrictions.

Noun compound 'etsuran seigen'.

閲覧履歴を消してもいいですか？

May I delete the browsing history?

Asking permission with '-te mo ii desu ka'.

閲覧専用のパソコンです。

This is a computer for viewing only.

Noun 'sen-you' (exclusive use) modifying the computer.

ニュースを閲覧するのが好きです。

I like browsing the news.

Nominalizing the verb with 'no ga suki'.

閲覧室では静かにしてください。

Please be quiet in the reading room.

Location particle 'de' + polite request.

このファイルは閲覧のみ可能です。

This file is only available for viewing.

Noun 'nomi' (only) + 'kanou' (possible).

閲覧履歴から元のページに戻った。

I went back to the original page from the browsing history.

Particle 'kara' indicating the source of action.

閲覧数が増えると嬉しいです。

I'm happy when the number of views increases.

Conditional 'to' indicating a natural consequence.

閲覧注意のタグが付いています。

It has a 'Content Warning' tag.

Noun compound used as a label.

資料の閲覧を希望する方は、こちらへ。

Those who wish to view the materials, please come this way.

Formal relative clause with 'kibou suru'.

不適切なサイトの閲覧を制限する。

Restrict the viewing of inappropriate sites.

Direct object with 'wo seigen suru'.

閲覧権限が設定されています。

Viewing permissions have been set.

Passive voice 'sarete imasu'.

この情報は、誰でも閲覧できます。

This information can be viewed by anyone.

Potential form 'dekimasu'.

閲覧中にエラーが発生しました。

An error occurred while browsing.

'Chuu ni' indicating during an action.

閲覧履歴を分析して、ユーザーの好みを把握する。

Analyze browsing history to grasp user preferences.

Using 'te' form to connect two logical steps.

裁判所の記録は、正当な理由があれば閲覧可能です。

Court records are available for inspection if there is a valid reason.

Conditional 'ba' for a formal requirement.

ショッキングな映像が含まれるため、閲覧には注意が必要です。

As it contains shocking footage, caution is required for viewing.

Reasoning with 'tame' + requirement 'hitsuyou'.

情報の不正閲覧が発覚し、社員が処分された。

Unauthorized viewing of information was discovered, and the employee was disciplined.

Passive voice 'shobun sareta' for disciplinary action.

この貴重書は、館外への持ち出しは禁止ですが、閲覧は自由です。

Taking this rare book out of the building is prohibited, but viewing it is free/open.

Contrast using 'wa... desu ga, ... wa...'.

ウェブサイトの閲覧環境を最適化する。

Optimize the website's viewing environment (compatibility).

Noun phrase 'etsuran kankyou'.

閲覧者が増えるにつれて、サーバーの負荷が高まった。

As the number of viewers increased, the load on the server rose.

'Ni tsurete' indicating proportional change.

個人情報の閲覧履歴を確認する機能を追加した。

Added a function to check the viewing history of personal information.

Relative clause modifying 'kinou' (function).

公文書の閲覧請求権は、民主主義の根幹を成す。

The right to request inspection of public documents forms the basis of democracy.

Abstract noun compound as a subject.

当該資料の閲覧に際しては、守秘義務契約の締結が求められる。

Upon perusing the relevant materials, the conclusion of a non-disclosure agreement is required.

Formal 'ni saishite wa' (upon/at the time of).

データベースの閲覧性を向上させるために、UIを刷新した。

The UI was revamped to improve the 'viewability' (browsability) of the database.

Suffix '-sei' turning a noun into a property/quality.

過去の判例を閲覧し、弁護の方針を固める。

Peruse past precedents and solidify the defense strategy.

Formal verb usage in a professional sequence.

閲覧者の属性に基づいたパーソナライズ広告を配信する。

Deliver personalized advertisements based on the attributes of the viewers.

'Ni motoduita' (based on).

このアーカイブは、学術研究目的に限り、閲覧が許可される。

Viewing of this archive is permitted only for academic research purposes.

'Ni kagiri' (limited to).

システムの脆弱性により、機密情報の閲覧が可能な状態になっていた。

Due to a system vulnerability, confidential information had become viewable.

Causal 'ni yori' in a formal report context.

閲覧履歴の自己管理は、現代のネットリテラシーにおいて不可欠だ。

Self-management of browsing history is essential in modern internet literacy.

Abstract statement using 'ni oite' (in/at).

歴史的文献の閲覧に供する前に、細心の注意を払った修復が必要だ。

Before making historical documents available for public inspection, meticulous restoration is necessary.

Formal phrase 'ni kousuru' (to offer/make available for).

閲覧者の認知負荷を軽減するための情報設計が求められている。

Information design intended to reduce the cognitive load of the viewer is being called for.

Technical term 'ninchi fuka' (cognitive load).

当局は、テロ対策の名目のもと、通信傍受と閲覧の拡大を画策している。

Under the guise of counter-terrorism, the authorities are planning to expand communication interception and perusal.

Formal 'no meimoku no moto' (under the pretext of).

検索エンジンのアルゴリズム変更が、サイトの閲覧数に壊滅的な打撃を与えた。

Changes to the search engine algorithm dealt a devastating blow to the site's view counts.

Metaphorical 'kaimetsuteki na dageki' (devastating blow).

閲覧という行為そのものが、デジタル空間においては一つのデータ生成プロセスである。

The act of viewing itself is a single data generation process within the digital space.

Philosophical 'sono mono' (itself) emphasizing the subject.

官報の閲覧を通じて、法改正の動向を克明に追跡する。

Trace the trends of legal amendments in minute detail through the perusal of the official gazette.

Adverb 'kokumei ni' (in minute detail).

閲覧制限の是非を巡って、表現の自由とプライバシー権が真っ向から対立している。

Regarding the pros and cons of viewing restrictions, freedom of expression and privacy rights are in direct opposition.

'Wo megutte' (concerning/surrounding).

ユーザーが閲覧履歴の追跡を拒否する権利、いわゆる「トラッキング拒否権」が議論されている。

The right of users to refuse tracking of their browsing history, the so-called 'right to refuse tracking,' is being discussed.

Appositive 'iwayuru' (so-called).

近义词

読書通覧ブラウジング検閲拝読

反义词

編集隠匿

常见搭配

閲覧履歴

閲覧注意

閲覧制限

閲覧数

閲覧室

閲覧権限

閲覧可能

閲覧禁止

閲覧用

自由閲覧

常用短语

ご閲覧ありがとうございます

— A formal way to thank someone for viewing your profile, blog, or document.

私のプロフィールをご閲覧いただきありがとうございます。

閲覧に供する

— To make something available for public viewing or inspection.

新築マンションの図面を一般の閲覧に供する。

閲覧を求める

— To request the right to inspect or look at certain records.

株主が帳簿の閲覧を求める。

閲覧に際して

— Upon viewing; at the time of inspection.

閲覧に際しては、以下のルールを守ってください。

閲覧環境の確認

— Checking the viewing environment (e.g., browser or device settings).

閲覧環境を確認してからログインしてください。

閲覧制限を解除する

— To lift or remove viewing restrictions.

フィルタリング設定を変えて閲覧制限を解除した。

閲覧率の向上

— Improving the view rate (percentage of people who saw something).

メールマガジンの閲覧率の向上を目指す。

閲覧を許可する

— To permit viewing or access to information.

管理者のみがこのファイルの閲覧を許可されている。

閲覧が集中する

— Views are concentrated (e.g., a sudden spike in traffic).

ニュースが流れた直後、サイトへの閲覧が集中した。

閲覧者の反応

— The reaction of the viewers or readers.

新しいデザインに対する閲覧者の反応は上々だ。

容易混淆的词

閲覧 vs 検閲 (ken-etsu)

Ken-etsu means 'censorship' (inspecting to suppress), whereas etsuran is just 'perusal' or 'viewing'.

閲覧 vs 回覧 (kairan)

Kairan means 'circulation' (passing a document around from person to person), while etsuran is the act of looking at it.

閲覧 vs 展覧 (tenran)

Tenran usually refers to an exhibition or display for public viewing (like in 'tenrankai').

习语与表达

"閲覧の自由"

— The freedom to access and view information, often discussed in constitutional contexts.

国民には知る権利と閲覧の自由がある。

Academic/Legal

"閲覧注意物件"

— Slang for a real estate property with a dark history (e.g., a 'stigmatized property' or jiko bukken).

あの家は閲覧注意物件としてネットで有名だ。

Informal/Slang

"閲覧専 (えつらんせん)"

— A person who only reads/watches and never posts content; a 'lurker.'

私はSNSでは閲覧専です。

Internet Slang

"閲覧禁止の書"

— A forbidden book; something that is not allowed to be seen.

それは歴史から消された、閲覧禁止の書だった。

Literary

"閲覧の目を引く"

— To catch the eye of the browser/viewer.

閲覧の目を引くようなタイトルを付ける。

Business

"閲覧を控える"

— To refrain from viewing (often used as a polite warning for sensitive content).

心臓の弱い方は閲覧を控えてください。

Formal

"閲覧を遮断する"

— To block access or viewing completely.

有害サイトへの閲覧を遮断するシステムを導入した。

Technical

"閲覧記録が残る"

— A record of viewing remains (often a warning about privacy).

社内システムでは全ての閲覧記録が残ります。

Business

"閲覧の機会を逃す"

— To miss the opportunity to view something (e.g., a limited-time exhibition).

展示期間が短く、閲覧の機会を逃してしまった。

General

"閲覧を強いる"

— To force someone to view something (often used in harassment contexts).

不快な画像を閲覧を強いる行為はハラスメントだ。

Legal/Formal

容易混淆

閲覧 vs 参照 (sanshou)

Both involve looking at information.

Etsuran is looking through the whole thing; Sanshou is looking at a specific part to help with something else.

マニュアルを閲覧し、図1を参照する。

閲覧 vs 視聴 (shichou)

Both mean 'viewing' in English.

Etsuran is for text/static images; Shichou is for audio/video.

ブログを閲覧し、動画を視聴する。

閲覧 vs 見学 (kengaku)

Both involve 'looking' for information.

Kengaku is for places or physical processes; Etsuran is for documents and data.

工場を見学し、報告書を閲覧する。

閲覧 vs 拝見 (haiken)

Both are used in formal settings.

Haiken is a humble verb for showing respect; Etsuran is a technical noun/verb for the act itself.

資料を拝見（閲覧）しました。

閲覧 vs 読書 (dokusho)

Both involve reading.

Dokusho is for leisure/hobby; Etsuran is for research/technical/official purposes.

趣味は読書だが、仕事で古い記録を閲覧する。

句型

[Object] を閲覧する。

本を閲覧する。

[Object] の閲覧は禁止です。

この資料の閲覧は禁止です。

[Object] を閲覧できるようにする。

ファイルを閲覧できるようにする。

[Noun] の閲覧に伴い、[Action]。

資料の閲覧に伴い、署名が必要です。

閲覧制限がかかっている。

この動画には閲覧制限がかかっている。

閲覧に供される。

公文書が一般の閲覧に供される。

閲覧権を行使する。

株主としての閲覧権を行使する。

閲覧という行為を通じて、[Philosophy]。

閲覧という行為を通じて、情報の価値を再考する。

词族

名词

閲覧者 (Viewer)

閲覧室 (Reading room)

閲覧履歴 (Browsing history)

閲覧料 (Viewing fee)

閲覧権 (Right of inspection)

动词

閲覧する (To peruse/browse)

閲覧させる (To let someone view)

閲覧される (To be viewed)

形容词

閲覧可能な (Viewable/Accessible)

閲覧専用の (View-only)

如何使用

frequency

High in technical, legal, and academic domains; medium in daily casual speech.

常见错误

Using 閲覧 for shopping. → デパートを見て回る。
閲覧 is only for information. You can't 'peruse' a physical store in Japanese.
Using 閲覧 for watching a movie. → 映画を視聴する。
閲覧 is for text/images; 視聴 is for audio/video media.
Saying 'My hobby is 閲覧'. → 趣味は読書です。
閲覧 is a technical act, not a leisure activity like reading books.
Using 閲覧 instead of 拝見 with a boss. → 資料を拝見しました。
閲覧 is objective/technical. 拝見 is humble and polite for social interactions.
Confusing 閲覧 (etsuran) with 検閲 (ken-etsu). → 資料を閲覧する。
検閲 means censorship. If you say you are 'censoring' the files when you mean 'browsing' them, it sounds very strange!

小贴士

Formal vs. Informal

Always use '閲覧' when you want to sound professional or technical. If you use '見る' (miru) in a formal report about data, it might sound too childish.

Browser Settings

Switch your phone or browser to Japanese for a day. You will see '閲覧履歴' and '閲覧制限' everywhere. This is the best way to internalize the word.

Warning Etiquette

If you post something on a Japanese forum or social media that might be a spoiler or gross, add '閲覧注意' at the beginning to be polite.

Library Rules

If a book has a red '閲覧用' sticker, it means you can't borrow it. You must stay in the '閲覧室' to read it. This is a common rule in Japanese university libraries.

Kanji Breakdown

Remember the 'Gate' (門) radical in '閲'. It's like you are entering a gate to inspect the secret knowledge inside. This helps you remember the meaning.

Compound Power

Don't just learn '閲覧' as a verb. Learn it as a building block for nouns like '閲覧数' (view count) and '閲覧権限' (permissions). These are more common in work life.

Keigo Caution

Avoid saying '閲覧します' to a CEO. Use '拝見します' (haiken shimasu) to show humility. '閲覧' is an objective term, while '拝見' is a social one.

Medium Matters

If you are talking about a podcast, use '聴取' (choushu). If it's a video, '視聴' (shichou). If it's a website or document, '閲覧' (etsuran). Precision is key in Japanese.

Legal Rights

In Japan, you have the right to request '閲覧' of certain government documents. Knowing this word helps you if you ever need to deal with Japanese bureaucracy.

The 'Scan' Mnemonic

Think of Etsuran as 'Electronic-Text-Scan'. It fits perfectly with its modern usage for browsing the web and electronic documents.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine a gate (門) where you are checking (閲) everyone's ID, then you let them in to see a giant screen (覧) to view the information.

视觉联想

Picture a magnifying glass over a computer screen that is displaying a stack of old library books. This bridges the physical and digital meanings.

Word Web

Library Internet Documents History Permission View Inspect Browser

挑战

Go to any Japanese website (like Yahoo Japan) and find the word 閲覧. Look for it in the footer or the privacy settings. Try to find '閲覧履歴'.

词源

Composed of two kanji: 閲 (etsu) and 覧 (ran). Both characters originated in Middle Chinese and were imported into Japanese as part of the Sino-Japanese vocabulary (Kango).

原始含义：閲 means 'to inspect, review, or count' (originally used for counting troops or checking goods). 覧 means 'to look, view, or see from a high point.' Together, they imply a formal and thorough inspection.

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

文化背景

Be careful with '閲覧注意'. It can range from 'spoilers' to 'extremely graphic content'. Always check the context before clicking.

The English word 'browsing' is much more casual than '閲覧'. We browse shops, but Japanese people don't '閲覧' shops. 'Perusal' is the closest formal equivalent.

The term '閲覧注意' is a staple of Japanese YouTube and 5chan culture. The 'National Diet Library' (NDL) website uses '閲覧' as its primary term for accessing their digital collection. In the anime 'Psycho-Pass', the term is used frequently regarding the inspection of citizen data.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Libraries

閲覧室
閲覧用資料
館内閲覧のみ
閲覧を申し込む

Internet/Computing

閲覧履歴
閲覧制限
閲覧数
閲覧環境

Business/Legal

閲覧権限
不正閲覧
資料の閲覧
閲覧を許可する

Social Media

閲覧注意
閲覧者リスト
閲覧専
ストーリーの閲覧

Government/Public Records

公文書閲覧
閲覧請求
閲覧窓口
閲覧手数料

对话开场白

"「閲覧履歴をこまめに消去するタイプですか？」(Are you the type who frequently clears their browsing history?)"

"「最近、閲覧数が伸びているブログや動画はありますか？」(Are there any blogs or videos whose view counts have been growing lately?)"

"「図書館の閲覧室で集中して勉強するのが好きです。」(I like focusing on my studies in the library reading room.)"

"「この資料の閲覧権限、もらってもいいですか？」(Could I get viewing permissions for this material?)"

"「ネットで『閲覧注意』と書いてあると、逆に見たくなることありませんか？」(Do you ever feel like you want to see something more when it says 'Content Warning' online?)"

日记主题

今日、インターネットでどんなサイトを閲覧しましたか？一つ選んで詳しく書いてください。(What sites did you browse on the internet today? Choose one and write about it in detail.)

図書館の閲覧室での思い出や、好きな過ごし方について書いてください。(Write about your memories of library reading rooms or your favorite way to spend time in them.)

情報の『閲覧制限』について、あなたの意見を書いてください。(Write your opinion on 'viewing restrictions' for information.)

仕事や学校で、誰かの資料を閲覧して感動したことはありますか？(Have you ever been moved by perusing someone else's materials at work or school?)

もし自分の人生の『閲覧履歴』が見られるとしたら、どの部分を消したいですか？(If you could see the 'browsing history' of your life, which part would you want to delete?)

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, but in a formal or technical sense. It's more like 'perusing' or 'consulting' a document rather than reading a novel for fun. You use it for archives, websites, and records.

No. For looking around a shop, use '見て回る' (mite-mawaru) or 'ウィンドウショッピング' (window shopping). '閲覧' is only for information and documents.

It is the Japanese equivalent of 'Content Warning' or 'NSFW'. It warns the viewer that the content might be shocking, violent, or sensitive.

Yes, but usually as a noun. For example, 'ご閲覧ありがとうございます' (Thank you for viewing). However, if you are the one looking at something, '拝見しました' is more polite.

It is '閲覧履歴' (etsuran rireki). You will see this in the settings menu of any Japanese web browser.

It is a 'reading room' in a library. These are specific areas where you can consult books that often cannot be checked out.

Technically, '視聴' (shichou) is the correct term for videos. However, on some platforms, '閲覧数' might be used for 'view count' in a general sense.

The kanji 閲 is considered N1 level (the highest level of the JLPT), so it is quite advanced. However, it is very common in daily life, so it's worth learning early.

It means 'unauthorized viewing' or 'illegal access to information.' It's often used in news reports about data breaches or privacy violations.

Only if your hobby is something technical, like 'browsing historical archives.' For general reading, use '読書' (dokusho).

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