完了 30秒了解
- 完了 (Kanryō) means 'Completion.' It is used for tasks, digital processes, and official procedures that have a clear end point or checklist.
- It is a Suru-verb, meaning you can say 'Kanryō suru' to mean 'to complete.' It is more formal than the common word 'Owaru.'
- You will see it everywhere in Japan on screens, from 'Download Complete' to 'Payment Successful.' It is the standard 'Done' button text.
- Do not use it for creative works like art (use Kansei) or for time-based endings like a class (use Owaru). It is for procedural finality.
The Japanese term 完了 (かんりょう - kanryō) is a cornerstone of functional Japanese, primarily serving as a noun or a suru-verb. At its core, it signifies the absolute fulfillment of a task, the reaching of a terminal point in a process, or the satisfaction of all necessary conditions for a specific state. Unlike the general word for 'end' (終わり - owari), kanryō carries a technical and formal nuance, often implying that a checklist has been completed or a systematic procedure has reached its logical conclusion.
- Etymological Breakdown
- The first kanji, 完 (kan), means 'perfect,' 'complete,' or 'finish.' It depicts a building under a roof, suggesting something fully covered or finalized. The second kanji, 了 (ryō), means 'finish,' 'complete,' or 'understand.' Together, they create a powerful redundancy that emphasizes a state where nothing more needs to be done.
- Functional Usage
- In modern Japanese, you will encounter this word everywhere from digital interfaces ('Download Complete') to high-level business reports ('Project Finalized'). It is the 'check-mark' word of the Japanese language.
「すべての手続きが完了しました。」
(Subete no tetsuzuki ga kanryō shimashita.)
Translation: All procedures have been completed.
To understand 完了, one must distinguish it from 完成 (kansei). While kansei is used for creating something (like building a house or finishing a painting), kanryō is used for completing a process or a requirement (like submitting a form or finishing a download). If you finish your homework, you have 完了-ed the task. If you finish writing a novel, you have 完成-ed the work.
Common Visual Indicators
- ✓ 登録完了 (Registration Complete)
- ✓ 送信完了 (Transmission Complete)
- ✓ 決済完了 (Payment Complete)
- ✓ 準備完了 (Preparation Complete)
Using 完了 effectively requires understanding its role as a Suru-verb (グループ3). It is most frequently paired with the particle が (ga) when a subject reaches completion automatically, or を (o) when an agent actively completes a task. However, in modern usage, the intransitive form (something completes) is significantly more common in technical and administrative contexts.
| Form | Japanese | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Present/Future | 完了する (kanryō suru) | To complete / Will complete |
| Past | 完了した (kanryō shita) | Completed / Finished |
| Polite Past | 完了しました (kanryō shimashita) | Has been completed (Formal) |
| Noun + Particle | 完了後に (kanryō-go ni) | After completion |
In a business setting, 完了 is the preferred term for status updates. If your boss asks about a report, saying 「終わりました」 (Owarimashita) is acceptable, but 「完了しました」 (Kanryō shimashita) sounds more professional and definitive. It suggests that not only is the work 'over,' but it has been 'finalized' according to standards.
For learners, a key pattern to memorize is [Noun] + の + 完了. For example, 工事の完了 (kōji no kanryō) means 'the completion of construction.' This noun-heavy structure is very common in news headlines and official documents.
Sentence Pattern: Action -> Completion
「ダウンロードが完了するまで、あと５分です。」
It will take 5 more minutes until the download is complete.
「修復作業はすべて完了しました。」
All restoration work has been completed.
You will encounter 完了 in four primary domains of Japanese life: technology, business, academia, and bureaucracy. It is rarely used in casual conversations about emotions or relationships (you wouldn't say your 'love is complete' using this word), but it is the king of logistical finality.
💻 Technology & Apps
On every Japanese website, the final button of a form is usually labeled 「完了」. It’s the equivalent of 'Submit' or 'Finish' in English. You'll see it in progress bars, installation wizards, and cloud sync notifications.
💼 Business & Office
In project management software like Backlog or Slack, tasks are moved to the 「完了済み」 (Completed) column. In emails, phrases like 「対応完了いたしました」 (Correspondence completed) are standard polite expressions.
🏫 Education
Teachers use it to refer to the completion of a course or a specific module. 「履修完了」 (Course completion) is a formal term found on academic transcripts.
🏢 Public Services
When applying for a passport or a visa, the official will tell you when the 「受理完了」 (Acceptance complete) phase is reached. It signals that the paperwork has passed the initial check.
Interestingly, 完了 is also a grammatical term. In Japanese linguistics, 完了形 (kanryō-kei) refers to the 'perfect aspect' (e.g., 'have done'). While students don't need to use this in daily speech, knowing the word helps you understand grammar explanations in Japanese textbooks.
The most frequent mistake learners make with 完了 is using it as a universal substitute for 'finish.' Japanese has several words for 'end,' and choosing the wrong one can make you sound robotic or confusing.
- ❌ Mistake 1: Using it for creative works
- Don't say 「絵が完了した」 (The painting is completed).
✓ Correct: 「絵が完成した」 (E ga kansei shita).
Why? 完了 is for processes/tasks; 完成 is for the creation of an object or work of art. - ❌ Mistake 2: Using it for time-based endings
- Don't say 「授業が完了した」 (The class completed).
✓ Correct: 「授業が終わった」 (Jūgyō ga owatta).
Why? 完了 implies a specific goal or requirement was met. A class simply 'ends' (owaru) when the clock runs out. - ❌ Mistake 3: Overusing it in casual speech
- Saying 「ご飯、完了！」 (Meal, complete!) to your friends sounds like you are a robot or a soldier.
✓ Correct: 「ご飯、できたよ！」 (Gohan, dekita yo!).
Why? 完了 is quite formal and technical.
The 'Kanryo' vs. 'Shuryo' Confusion
Many students confuse 完了 (Kanryō) with 終了 (Shūryō). Here is the golden rule:
- • 完了: Focuses on the fulfillment of a task (e.g., 'I finished the form').
- • 終了: Focuses on the end of a period or event (e.g., 'The sale has ended' or 'The meeting is over').
Another nuance is the use of particles. While を完了する is grammatically correct, it often sounds like a direct translation from English. In natural Japanese, the subject-focused が完了する is preferred when the focus is on the status of the task itself.
To master 完了, you must see where it sits in the family of 'finishing' words. Japanese is incredibly specific about how something ends.
1. 完成 (Kansei) - Completion of Creation
Used when something new is built or created.
Example: 「ビルが完成した」 (The building is finished).
2. 終了 (Shūryō) - Termination/End
Used for events, time periods, or sessions.
Example: 「番組が終了する」 (The program ends).
3. 完結 (Kanketsu) - Conclusion (Narrative)
Used for stories, series, or books.
Example: 「漫画が完結した」 (The manga series concluded).
4. 達成 (Tassei) - Achievement
Used for goals, targets, or records.
Example: 「目標を達成した」 (Achieved the goal).
5. 済む (Sumu) - To be settled/done
A more casual verb for things being taken care of.
Example: 「用事が済んだ」 (The errand is done).
In technical manuals, you might also see 完遂 (kansui), which means 'to carry out to the end' (often used for difficult missions), or 結了 (keturyō), a very formal legal term for the conclusion of a case. For daily life, sticking to 完了 and 終了 will cover 90% of your needs.
How Formal Is It?
难度评级
需要掌握的语法
~te shimau (completion with nuance)
~owaru (finishing an action)
~shidai (as soon as)
~tara (conditional)
~ta koto ga aru (experience/perfect aspect)
按水平分级的例句
しゅくだいがかんりょうしました。
The homework is finished.
Simple polite past tense.
テスト、完了！
Test, done!
Casual noun usage.
ダウンロード、完了。
Download complete.
Common UI phrase.
じゅんびはかんりょうですか？
Are the preparations complete?
Question form with 'desu ka'.
はい、完了です。
Yes, it is complete.
Short polite response.
とうろくがかんりょうしました。
Registration is complete.
Subject + ga + kanryō.
これで完了です。
With this, it is finished.
Using 'kore de' to indicate the final step.
お支払いが完了しました。
Payment has been completed.
Polite honorific 'o' + noun.
設定が完了するまで待ってください。
Please wait until the settings are complete.
Using '~made' (until).
メールの送信が完了しました。
The email transmission has been completed.
Noun + no + Noun structure.
掃除が完了したら、遊びに行きましょう。
Once the cleaning is complete, let's go out.
Conditional '~tara' form.
すべての準備が完了しました。
All preparations have been completed.
Using 'subete no' (all).
アップデートが完了しました。
The update has finished.
Loanword 'update' + kanryō.
予約が完了しました。
The reservation is complete.
Standard booking phrase.
作業はもうすぐ完了します。
The work will be completed soon.
Future tense 'suru'.
確認が完了しました。
The confirmation is complete.
Abstract noun 'kakunin'.
プロジェクトの第一段階が完了しました。
The first stage of the project has been completed.
Business context.
データの移行が完了するのに時間がかかります。
It takes time for the data migration to complete.
Using '~no ni' (for the purpose of).
報告書の作成が完了次第、お送りします。
As soon as the report is created, I will send it.
Using '~shidai' (as soon as).
手続きの完了には、一週間ほど必要です。
About one week is required for the completion of procedures.
Noun usage in a sentence.
修復作業が完了し、交通規制が解除された。
The repair work was completed, and traffic restrictions were lifted.
Te-form (continuative) 'shi'.
注文のキャンセルが完了しました。
The cancellation of the order has been completed.
E-commerce context.
インストールが完了したら、再起動してください。
Once the installation is complete, please restart.
Technical instruction.
審査が完了するまで、もう少々お待ちください。
Please wait a little longer until the screening is complete.
Polite 'shōshō' (a little).
システムの統合が予定通り完了しました。
The system integration was completed as scheduled.
Using 'yotei dōri' (as scheduled).
契約の更新手続きが完了したことをお知らせします。
We inform you that the contract renewal procedure has been completed.
Formal notification style.
全ての工程が完了するまでに、膨大なコストがかかった。
By the time all processes were completed, enormous costs had been incurred.
Using 'bōdai' (enormous).
ダウンロード完了後に、ファイルを解凍してください。
After the download is complete, please unzip the file.
Using 'kanryō-go' (after completion).
任務を無事に完了することができました。
I was able to complete the mission safely.
Potential form 'suru koto ga dekita'.
未完了のタスクがまだいくつか残っています。
There are still several incomplete tasks remaining.
Using 'mi-kanryō' (incomplete).
振込手続きが完了しましたので、ご確認ください。
The bank transfer procedure is complete, so please check.
Using 'node' (because/since).
建物の解体作業が完了し、更地になった。
The demolition of the building was completed, and it became a vacant lot.
Descriptive narrative style.
法的な手続きが完了したことで、正式に合併が成立した。
With the completion of legal procedures, the merger was officially established.
Using 'koto de' to show cause.
全課程を完了した者には、修了証書が授与される。
A certificate of completion will be awarded to those who have completed the entire course.
Formal academic phrasing.
検証作業の完了を待たずして、製品をリリースするのは危険だ。
It is dangerous to release the product without waiting for the completion of the verification work.
Using '~o matazu shite' (without waiting for).
近代化のプロセスが完了するまでには、多大な犠牲を払った。
By the time the modernization process was complete, great sacrifices had been made.
Abstract historical context.
この契約は、署名と捺印をもって完了とする。
This contract shall be considered complete upon signature and sealing.
Using '~o motte' (by means of).
捜査が完了次第、詳細を公表する予定だ。
As soon as the investigation is complete, we plan to announce the details.
Official administrative tone.
細胞の分裂が完了する瞬間に、生命の神秘を感じる。
At the moment cell division is complete, one feels the mystery of life.
Scientific/Literary context.
全ての条件が完了した時、プログラムは自動的に終了する。
When all conditions are completed, the program terminates automatically.
Conditional logic.
その壮大な叙事詩は、作者の死後、弟子たちの手によって完了を見た。
The grand epic saw its completion at the hands of the disciples after the author's death.
Using 'kanryō o mita' (saw completion).
外交交渉が完了し、長年にわたる紛争に終止符が打たれた。
Diplomatic negotiations were completed, putting an end to years of conflict.
Idiomatic 'shūshifu o utsu' (put a period/end).
システムの移行作業は、幾多の困難を乗り越えてようやく完了の域に達した。
The system migration work finally reached the stage of completion after overcoming numerous difficulties.
Using 'kanryō no iki ni tasshita'.
この儀式は、最後の祈りが捧げられることで完了の体裁を整える。
This ritual takes the form of completion once the final prayer is offered.
Using 'teisai o totonoeru' (set the appearance).
理論の構築が完了したとはいえ、実証にはさらなる歳月を要するだろう。
Although the construction of the theory is complete, verification will likely require further years.
Using '~to wa ie' (although).
情報の断片が一つに繋がり、パズルが完了するように真実が浮かび上がった。
The fragments of information connected into one, and the truth emerged like a completed puzzle.
Simile usage.
宇宙開発の第一フェーズが完了したことは、人類にとっての大きな一歩である。
The completion of the first phase of space development is a giant leap for mankind.
Grand rhetorical style.
その建築物は、機能性と美学が完了した形で融合している。
That building fuses functionality and aesthetics in a completed form.
Abstract adjectival usage.
常见搭配
常用短语
容易混淆的词
习语与表达
容易混淆
Kansei is for 'making' something; Kanryo is for 'doing' a task.
Shuryo is for 'time' ending; Kanryo is for 'requirements' being met.
Kanketsu is for 'narratives' (books/movies); Kanryo is for 'processes'.
Tassei is for 'goals/dreams'; Kanryo is for 'logistics'.
Kansui is much more formal and implies a difficult mission.
句型
如何使用
Indicates that all contractual obligations are met.
Universally used for 'Done' or 'Success' screens.
Used to signal that a physical site is ready for inspection.
- Using 完了 for finishing a movie.
- Using 完了 for finishing a drawing.
- Using 完了 for 'ending' a meeting.
- Saying 'Kanryo suru' for 'I am done eating'.
- Using it to mean 'understanding'.
小贴士
The Checkmark Rule
Whenever you see a checkbox, think of the word 完了. It is the verbal version of a checkmark.
Business Reporting
Use 'Kanryo shimashita' when reporting to a boss to sound more reliable and professional.
Suru-Verb Power
Remember that 完了 is a noun that becomes a verb by adding 'suru'. This is common for many formal Japanese words.
Precision Matters
In Japan, 'Kanryo' implies that not just the main part, but all small details are finished.
Kanji Recognition
Look for the 'roof' in the first kanji. A project under a roof is a finished project.
App Settings
Change your phone language to Japanese. You will see 完了 every single day.
Avoid Casual Overuse
Don't use it with friends for small things like 'I finished my soda.' It sounds too stiff.
Train Station Cues
Listen for 'Tenken kanryo' (Inspection complete) on train platforms.
Compound Nouns
Combine it with other nouns like 'Sōshin' (Send) to make 'Sōshin Kanryō' (Send Complete).
Kanryo vs Kansei
Process = Kanryo. Product = Kansei. This distinction is vital for JLPT exams.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of a 'CAN' (Kan) of soda that you 'REALLY' (Ryo) finished. It's Kan-ryo!
词源
文化背景
Students are taught to 'kanryo' their work before the bell rings, emphasizing time management.
Japan's digital services use 'kanryo' as the universal term for successful transactions.
Always send a 'kanryo hokoku' (completion report) immediately after finishing a task assigned by a superior.
在生活中练习
真实语境
对话开场白
"準備は完了しましたか？ (Are the preparations complete?)"
"いつ頃完了する予定ですか？ (Around when is it scheduled to be complete?)"
"登録が完了したか確認してもらえますか？ (Can you check if the registration is complete?)"
"この作業はもう完了しています。 (This work is already complete.)"
"完了報告は誰に出せばいいですか？ (To whom should I submit the completion report?)"
日记主题
今日、完了したタスクを３つ書いてください。 (Write 3 tasks you completed today.)
今月中に完了したい目標は何ですか？ (What goal do you want to complete by the end of this month?)
完了した時に一番嬉しかったことは何ですか？ (What was the thing you were happiest to complete?)
未完了のままになっていることはありますか？ (Is there anything you have left incomplete?)
「完了」と「完成」の違いを自分の言葉で説明してください。 (Explain the difference between 'Kanryo' and 'Kansei' in your own words.)
常见问题
10 个问题If you mean finishing reading it, use 'yomi-owaru.' If you mean the series is finished, use 'kanketsu.' If you mean the task of reading it for school is done, you can use 'kanryō.'
Yes, it is more formal than 'owaru.' It is the standard term in business and technical contexts.
完了 is for tasks/processes (like a download). 終了 is for time/events (like a meeting or a sale).
It sounds very robotic. Better to say 'Gohan ga dekita' (Dinner is ready) or 'Tabe-owatta' (Finished eating).
You write it as 未完了 (Mi-kanryō).
It can be both, but it is most commonly used intransitively (Something + ga + kanryō suru).
No. For a breakup, use 'wakare' or 'owari.' 完了 sounds like a business transaction.
It is a grammar term meaning 'Perfect Tense' (e.g., have done).
It is Heiban (flat), so keep your voice steady. Don't stress any particular syllable.
Because it is the standard Japanese translation for 'Done' in software.
自我测试 180 个问题
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
完了 is the professional 'check-mark' word of Japanese. Use it when a process, task, or technical step is 100% finished to sound precise and business-ready.
- 完了 (Kanryō) means 'Completion.' It is used for tasks, digital processes, and official procedures that have a clear end point or checklist.
- It is a Suru-verb, meaning you can say 'Kanryō suru' to mean 'to complete.' It is more formal than the common word 'Owaru.'
- You will see it everywhere in Japan on screens, from 'Download Complete' to 'Payment Successful.' It is the standard 'Done' button text.
- Do not use it for creative works like art (use Kansei) or for time-based endings like a class (use Owaru). It is for procedural finality.
The Checkmark Rule
Whenever you see a checkbox, think of the word 完了. It is the verbal version of a checkmark.
Business Reporting
Use 'Kanryo shimashita' when reporting to a boss to sound more reliable and professional.
Suru-Verb Power
Remember that 完了 is a noun that becomes a verb by adding 'suru'. This is common for many formal Japanese words.
Precision Matters
In Japan, 'Kanryo' implies that not just the main part, but all small details are finished.
例句
作業が完了しました。
相关内容
相关表达
更多Actions词汇
達成
A1通过努力成功完成任务或达到目标的行为。
取得
A1正式获得资格、权利或资产。
動作
A1指身体的动作或机器、程序的运行。例如：“动作敏捷”、“程序运行正常”。
進行
A1在任务或事件中向前移动或取得进展的行为。用于描述会议的进行或疾病的恶化。
中止
A1中止是指停止正在进行或计划中的活动、计划或事件。通常由于天气或意外情况而导致取消。
挑戦
A1挑战，尝试困难的事物。强调所需的努力和勇气。
熟考
A1对某事进行长时间的深入思考或慎重考虑。
決定
A1正式的决定或定案。
努力
A1努力。指为了达到某一目的而付出力量或进行奋斗。
失敗
A1失败或错误。当事情没有按计划进行时使用。
