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B2 adjective-na, noun 9分钟阅读

過度

kado

开始练习例句笔记与提示過度 30秒了解

解析過度 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '過度' (kado) is quite advanced. However, you can think of it as a very strong 'too much.' While you usually use '〜すぎる' (like 'tabesugiru' for 'eat too much'), 'kado' is a word you might see on a sign in a hospital or a gym. It means something is not just a lot, but it's bad for you. For example, 'kado na undō' means 'too much exercise' in a way that might hurt your body. At this level, just try to recognize the kanji '過' (exceed) and '度' (degree). If you see it, know that it's a warning to slow down or do less. It is usually used with 'na' before a noun. Think of it as the 'danger zone' of doing something too much. You won't use it in daily talk yet, but you might see it in books or on posters about health. It's a formal way to say 'don't overdo it.'

免费注册阅读完整解释

At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more 'Kango' (Chinese-origin words). '過度' (kado) is a useful word for talking about health and rules. You can use it to say 'kado na stress' (excessive stress) or 'kado na renshū' (excessive practice). At this level, you should focus on the grammar: '過度な' + [Noun]. It’s more formal than saying 'renshū o shisugiru.' If you use 'kado' in a presentation about health, you will sound much more professional. Remember that it's almost always used for things that have a negative result. You wouldn't say 'kado na okane' (excessive money) if you're happy about being rich. You use it when the amount of something is causing a problem. It’s a key word for understanding advice from a doctor or a teacher in Japan.

免费注册阅读完整解释

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using '過度' (kado) to discuss social issues and lifestyle habits. You can now use the adverbial form '過度に' (kado ni) to modify verbs, such as 'kado ni kitai suru' (to expect too much). This is common when talking about relationships or work. You should also start to notice the difference between 'kado' and 'kajō' (surplus). 'Kado' is about the intensity of an action or state. For example, if you are studying 15 hours a day, that is 'kado na benkyō.' It’s important to use this word when you want to sound objective and serious. In B1 reading passages, 'kado' often appears in the context of environmental protection or modern lifestyle warnings. It’s a bridge to more academic Japanese.

免费注册阅读完整解释

At the B2 level, '過度' (kado) is a core part of your vocabulary. You should use it to articulate nuanced arguments about balance in society. For instance, you can discuss '過度な資本主義' (excessive capitalism) or '過度な期待' (excessive expectations) in a debate. You should also understand that '過度' can take either 'na' or 'no' when modifying a noun, with 'no' often being used for more established medical or technical terms like '過度の緊張' (excessive tension). At this level, you are expected to understand the 'warning' nuance of the word—that it implies a violation of a healthy limit. You should be able to distinguish it from 'kyokutan' (extreme) and 'yokei' (unnecessary) in writing and speaking. It is a vital word for passing the JLPT N2 exam.

At the C1 level, '過度' (kado) is used with precision in professional and academic contexts. You might use it in a legal sense, such as '過剰防衛' (excessive defense, though 'kajō' is standard here, 'kado' might describe the degree of force). You should be able to use 'kado' to critique complex systems, like '過度な情報化社会' (an excessively information-oriented society). You will also encounter 'kado' in literature to describe a character's internal state, such as '過度な自意識' (excessive self-consciousness). At this level, the focus is on collocation—knowing exactly which nouns pair most naturally with 'kado' versus 'kajō' or 'kadai.' You should also be able to use its antonym '適度' (tekido) with equal fluency to provide a balanced argument.

免费注册阅读完整解释

At the C2 level, '過度' (kado) is a tool for high-level discourse. You understand its historical and cultural weight in a society that prizes 'wa' (harmony) and 'chūyō' (the golden mean). You can use 'kado' to discuss the philosophical implications of 'excess' in various fields, from economics to aesthetics. You might analyze how '過度な演出' (excessive staging) in traditional theater compares to modern media. Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker, employing 'kado' to signal a sophisticated understanding of boundaries and limits. You can also identify and correct subtle misuses of the word in translated texts, ensuring that the nuance of 'harmful intensity' is preserved over 'simple quantity.' It is no longer just a word, but a concept you use to navigate the complexities of Japanese thought.

免费注册阅读完整解释

开始练习例句笔记与提示

過度 30秒了解

Kado means 'excessive' and is used as a formal warning.
It is usually paired with nouns like stress, drinking, or work.
It implies that a healthy limit has been crossed negatively.
Grammatically, it uses 'na' or 'no' to modify nouns.

The word 過度 (kado) is a sophisticated Japanese term that functions as both a na-adjective and a noun. At its core, it translates to "excessive" or "over-the-top," but its usage is deeply rooted in the concept of balance. In Japanese culture, there is a strong emphasis on the 'middle way' or moderation, and kado is the word used to describe the moment that boundary is crossed. Unlike simple words for 'a lot' like たくさん or 'too much' like the suffix 〜すぎる, kado carries a formal, often cautionary tone. It implies that the excess is not just a high quantity, but a problematic one that leads to negative consequences. You will frequently encounter this word in medical contexts, health advice, psychological discussions, and formal warnings about lifestyle habits. For example, doctors don't just say you work too much; they warn against 過度な労働 (kado na rōdō), which implies the work has reached a level that is physically or mentally damaging. The kanji themselves tell the story: 過 means to pass, exceed, or error, while 度 means degree, measure, or limit. Together, they literally mean 'exceeding the proper degree.'

Medical Context: Used to describe excessive intake of sugar, salt, or alcohol that leads to lifestyle diseases.

Psychological Context: Used to describe excessive stress (過度なストレス) or pressure that affects mental well-being.

Social Context: Refers to excessive competition or expectations within a corporate or academic environment.

健康を損なう原因は、過度なダイエットにあることが多いです。(The cause of health damage is often excessive dieting.)

彼は過度の期待に応えようとして疲れてしまった。(He became exhausted trying to meet excessive expectations.)

現代社会では、過度な情報にさらされることがストレスになる。(In modern society, being exposed to excessive information becomes stress.)

過度な飲酒は肝臓に負担をかけます。(Excessive drinking puts a burden on the liver.)

子供への過度な干渉は自立を妨げる。(Excessive interference with children hinders their independence.)

The word is essential for anyone reaching the B2 level because it allows you to discuss complex social and health issues with precision. It moves beyond the simple 'too much' and enters the realm of 'immoderate' or 'disproportionate.' In a culture where 'moderate' (適度 - tekido) is the ideal, kado represents the dangerous antithesis. Whether you are reading a newspaper article about the economy or listening to a podcast about mental health, kado will appear as a keyword to signal that a threshold has been crossed. It is the linguistic equivalent of a yellow warning light on a dashboard, telling the listener that something needs to be dialed back before it breaks.

Using 過度 (kado) correctly requires understanding its grammatical versatility. It primarily functions as a na-adjective, but it is unique in that it frequently takes the particle の instead of な when modifying nouns, effectively acting as a noun itself in those instances. This dual nature is a hallmark of many Sino-Japanese (Kango) words. To use it as an adverb, you simply add に to form 過度に (excessively). This adverbial form is perfect for describing actions that are done to an extreme degree, such as 過度に心配する (to worry excessively) or 過度に期待する (to expect excessively). When you want to warn someone, the structure 過度な〜は控えてください (Please refrain from excessive...) is a standard polite formula used in signage and medical advice.

As a Na-Adjective (な): Use 'な' when you want to emphasize the quality of the noun. Example: 過度な運動 (Excessive exercise).

As a Noun (の): Use 'の' for established terms or more formal phrasing. Example: 過度のストレス (Excessive stress).

As an Adverb (に): Use 'に' to modify verbs. Example: 過度に反応する (To overreact).

過度な自信は失敗を招くことがある。(Excessive self-confidence can lead to failure.)

彼は自分を過度に追い込んでしまった。(He pushed himself excessively.)

そのニュースは過度に報道されている。(That news is being excessively reported.)

仕事における過度の競争は逆効果だ。(Excessive competition in work is counterproductive.)

政府は過度な円安を懸念している。(The government is concerned about the excessive weakening of the yen.)

In more advanced Japanese, kado is often used to criticize a lack of moderation in systems. For example, 過度な資本主義 (excessive capitalism) or 過度な個人主義 (excessive individualism). In these cases, it serves as a philosophical critique. It’s important to remember that kado always implies that there was a 'correct' amount that has been surpassed. It’s not just 'very much'; it's 'too much for the situation to remain healthy or functional.' Mastering this word allows you to express nuance in your opinions about lifestyle, work-life balance, and societal trends in a way that sounds natural to native speakers.

If you live in Japan or consume Japanese media, you will hear 過度 (kado) in several specific environments. The most common is the healthcare system. When a doctor gives you the results of a check-up (健康診断 - kenkō shindan), they might warn you about 過度な飲酒 (excessive drinking) or 過度な糖分摂取 (excessive sugar intake). It’s the professional way to tell someone they are overdoing it. Similarly, in the workplace, HR departments often release seminars on 過度な残業 (excessive overtime) to prevent karoshi (death by overwork). In these contexts, kado is a serious word that demands attention. It's not a light suggestion; it's a diagnosis of a problem.

TV News & Newspapers: Journalists use 'kado' to describe economic volatility or extreme weather patterns caused by climate change.

Sports Coaching: Coaches warn athletes about '過度なトレーニング' (overtraining) to prevent injury and burnout.

Beauty & Wellness: Magazines discuss '過度なスキンケア' (excessive skincare) which can actually damage the skin's natural barrier.

「過度な節約は生活の質を下げます」と専門家は言う。(Experts say excessive frugalness lowers the quality of life.)

ネット上での過度な誹謗中傷は法的に罰せられる可能性がある。(Excessive online slander can be legally punished.)

この製品は過度な衝撃を与えないでください。(Please do not apply excessive impact to this product.)

若者の間での過度なスマホ利用が問題視されている。(Excessive smartphone use among youth is seen as a problem.)

過度な演出は、映画のリアリティを損なう。(Excessive staging/production ruins the reality of the movie.)

Another interesting place you’ll find kado is in the legal and political spheres. When discussing government intervention, politicians might argue that 過度な規制 (excessive regulation) is stifling innovation. Or in a courtroom, a lawyer might argue that 過度な防衛 (excessive defense/over-defense) was used in a self-defense case. Because the word implies a breach of a standard, it is perfect for debating where the 'line' should be drawn in society. By listening for kado, you are tuning into the Japanese conversation about limits, boundaries, and the dangers of the extreme.

One of the most common mistakes English speakers make with 過度 (kado) is using it for positive things or neutral 'very' situations. In English, we might say "I'm excessively happy" as a playful exaggeration. In Japanese, using kado here would sound bizarre or imply that your happiness is actually a psychiatric problem. Kado is almost exclusively reserved for situations with negative externalities. If you want to say something is 'very' or 'extremely' in a neutral or positive way, you should use 非常に (hijō ni) or とても (totemo). Another mistake is confusing kado with 過剰 (kajō). While they overlap, kajō is more about 'surplus' or 'extra' (like having too many vitamins in your system), while kado is about the 'intensity' or 'degree' of an action (like exercising too hard).

Mistake: Using it for positive 'very': Incorrect: 過度に美味しい (Excessively delicious). Correct: 非常に美味しい (Extremely delicious).

Mistake: Confusing with 〜すぎる: 〜すぎる is a verb suffix for general 'too much.' Kado is a formal adjective/noun for 'excessive degree.'

Mistake: Particle Confusion: Don't forget 'な' or 'の'. You cannot just say '過度運動' (kado undō); it must be '過度な運動'.

❌ 過度にうれしいです。 (Sounds like your joy is a medical condition.)

✅ そのニュースを聞いて、非常にうれしいです。 (I am very happy to hear that news.)

❌ 過度なプレゼント。 (Sounds like the gift is 'too much' in a burdensome way.)

✅ 豪華なプレゼント。 (A luxurious/grand gift.)

❌ 食べ過度。 (Grammatically incorrect.) ✅ 食べすぎ。 (Eating too much.)

Finally, learners sometimes use kado when they should use 無理 (muri). While muri means 'impossible' or 'strained,' kado is more objective. If you are working too hard, you might say 無理をしている (I'm overextending myself). But if a report is describing the work culture, it would use 過度な労働. Muri is personal and felt; kado is descriptive and analytical. Pay attention to this distinction to sound more like a native speaker who understands the 'weight' of their vocabulary choices.

Japanese has several words that touch upon the idea of 'excess,' and choosing the right one depends on the context and what exactly is 'too much.' 過度 (kado) is your go-to for 'excessive degree' with negative connotations. However, if you are talking about an 'overflow' or 'surplus' of physical items, 過剰 (kajō) is better. If you want to describe someone going to an 'extreme' in their opinions or actions, 極端 (kyokutan) is the word. For something that is 'unnecessary' or 'extra' (like an extra set of keys or an unnecessary comment), you would use 余計 (yokei). Understanding these nuances is the key to moving from intermediate to advanced Japanese proficiency.

過度 (Kado) vs. 過剰 (Kajō): Kado = Excessive intensity/degree (e.g., stress). Kajō = Excessive quantity/surplus (e.g., inventory, vitamins).

過度 (Kado) vs. 極端 (Kyokutan): Kado = Crossing a safety limit. Kyokutan = Being at the far end of a spectrum (Extreme).

過度 (Kado) vs. 余計 (Yokei): Kado = Harmful excess. Yokei = Uncalled for / extra / redundant.

極端な例を挙げると... (To give an extreme example...)

在庫が過剰になっている。 (The inventory is in surplus.)

余計なお世話だ。 (None of your business / Unnecessary help.)

適度な運動が大切だ。 (Moderate exercise is important. - The Antonym!)

度を越したいたずら。 (A prank that went too far. - An idiomatic alternative.)

In academic writing, you might also see 過大 (kadai), which means 'overstated' or 'too large' (often used with 過大評価 - overestimation). Each of these words carves out a specific niche of 'too muchness.' By learning kado alongside its synonyms and its direct opposite 適度 (tekido), you build a mental map of how Japanese speakers perceive and categorize balance and imbalance. This is not just about vocabulary; it's about learning the cultural value placed on staying within the 'proper degree.'

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The kanji '度' also appears in 'tabi' (meaning 'times', as in 'nido' - twice). So 'kado' is literally 'exceeding the times/measures'.

发音指南

UK ka.do

US ka.do

The first syllable 'KA' is higher in pitch, dropping on 'do'.

押韵词

Mado (window) Sado (tea ceremony) Kado (corner) Hado (wave) Gado (guard) Rado (radium) Bado (bird) Sudo (pseudo)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'do' like 'doo'. It should be 'doh'.
Confusing it with 'kado' (corner), which has a different pitch accent (Low-High).
Making the 'a' sound too long like 'kaado' (card).
Applying English stress rather than Japanese pitch accent.
Mumbling the 'o' sound.

难度评级

阅读 7/5

Kanji are common but the nuance requires N2 level understanding.

写作 6/5

Easy to write if you know the kanji for 'pass' and 'degree'.

口语 8/5

Tricky to use naturally without sounding overly formal or using it in the wrong context.

听力 7/5

Can be confused with 'kado' (corner) if pitch accent isn't clear.

接下来学什么

前置知识

過ぎる程度適度非常にあまり

接下来学习

過剰極端過小過失過密

高级

中庸八分目飽和氾濫過酷

需要掌握的语法

Na-Adjective modification

過度な運動

Noun + No modification

過度の緊張

Adverbial formation with 'ni'

過度に期待する

Negative result implication

過度な〜は[悪い結果]を招く

Comparison with 'Tekido'

過度ではなく、適度な運動が大切だ。

免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

過度な運動はよくないです。

Excessive exercise is not good.

過度な (na-adjective) + 運動 (noun)

過度なダイエットは危ないです。

Excessive dieting is dangerous.

過度な (na-adjective) + ダイエット (noun)

過度のストレスがあります。

I have excessive stress.

過度の (noun + no) + ストレス (noun)

過度な期待をしないでください。

Please do not have excessive expectations.

過度な (na-adjective) + 期待 (noun)

過度に食べないでください。

Please do not eat excessively.

過度に (adverb) + 食べない (negative verb)

過度な心配はやめましょう。

Let's stop excessive worrying.

過度な (na-adjective) + 心配 (noun)

過度なゲームは目に悪いです。

Excessive gaming is bad for your eyes.

過度な (na-adjective) + ゲーム (noun)

過度な仕事は疲れます。

Excessive work is tiring.

過度な (na-adjective) + 仕事 (noun)

過度な飲酒は健康を害します。

Excessive drinking harms your health.

過度な (na-adjective) + 飲酒 (noun)

過度な競争はストレスになります。

Excessive competition becomes stress.

過度な (na-adjective) + 競争 (noun)

過度の緊張で手が震えた。

My hands shook due to excessive tension.

過度の (noun + no) + 緊張 (noun)

過度なサービスは必要ありません。

Excessive service is not necessary.

過度な (na-adjective) + サービス (noun)

過度に自分を責めないで。

Don't blame yourself excessively.

過度に (adverb) + 責める (verb)

過度な日光は肌に良くない。

Excessive sunlight is not good for the skin.

過度な (na-adjective) + 日光 (noun)

過度な装飾は避けるべきだ。

You should avoid excessive decoration.

過度な (na-adjective) + 装飾 (noun)

過度な残業を減らしましょう。

Let's reduce excessive overtime.

過度な (na-adjective) + 残業 (noun)

過度な情報に惑わされないようにしよう。

Let's try not to be misled by excessive information.

過度な (na-adjective) + 情報 (noun)

過度な期待は、相手の負担になる。

Excessive expectations become a burden to the other person.

過度な (na-adjective) + 期待 (noun)

彼は過度にプライドが高い。

He has excessively high pride.

過度に (adverb) + 高い (adjective)

過度な節約は、かえって高くつく。

Excessive frugality actually ends up costing more.

過度な (na-adjective) + 節約 (noun)

過度の疲労で倒れてしまった。

He collapsed from excessive fatigue.

過度の (noun + no) + 疲労 (noun)

過度な干渉は、子供の成長を妨げる。

Excessive interference hinders a child's growth.

過度な (na-adjective) + 干渉 (noun)

過度に反応するのはやめてください。

Please stop overreacting (reacting excessively).

過度に (adverb) + 反応する (verb)

過度な自信は、大きなミスに繋がる。

Excessive self-confidence leads to big mistakes.

過度な (na-adjective) + 自信 (noun)

過度な資本主義の競争が、格差を広げている。

Excessive capitalist competition is widening the gap.

過度な (na-adjective) + 資本主義 (noun)

過度の飲酒が肝臓に与える影響は深刻だ。

The impact of excessive drinking on the liver is serious.

過度の (noun + no) + 飲酒 (noun)

過度な円安は、輸入業者にとって大打撃だ。

The excessive weakening of the yen is a major blow to importers.

過度な (na-adjective) + 円安 (noun)

過度な演出は、ドキュメンタリーの信頼性を損なう。

Excessive staging ruins the credibility of a documentary.

過度な (na-adjective) + 演出 (noun)

政府は過度なインフレを抑制しようとしている。

The government is trying to suppress excessive inflation.

過度な (na-adjective) + インフレ (noun)

過度な個人主義が、地域のつながりを弱めている。

Excessive individualism is weakening community ties.

過度な (na-adjective) + 個人主義 (noun)

過度な不安は、日常生活に支障をきたす。

Excessive anxiety interferes with daily life.

過度な (na-adjective) + 不安 (noun)

過度なトレーニングによる怪我に注意してください。

Please be careful of injuries due to overtraining.

過度な (na-adjective) + トレーニング (noun)

過度な規制は、企業のイノベーションを阻害する恐れがある。

Excessive regulation may hinder corporate innovation.

過度な (na-adjective) + 規制 (noun)

過度の自意識が、彼の筆を鈍らせた。

Excessive self-consciousness dulled his pen (inhibited his writing).

過度の (noun + no) + 自意識 (noun)

過度な忖度は、組織の透明性を失わせる。

Excessive surmise (conjecturing others' feelings) causes an organization to lose transparency.

過度な (na-adjective) + 忖度 (noun)

過度な楽観主義は、リスク管理を疎かにする。

Excessive optimism leads to neglecting risk management.

過度な (na-adjective) + 楽観主義 (noun)

過度な報道が、事件の当事者をさらに追い詰めている。

Excessive media coverage is further cornering the people involved in the incident.

過度な (na-adjective) + 報道 (noun)

過度な一般化は、偏見を生む原因となる。

Excessive generalization becomes a cause of prejudice.

過度な (na-adjective) + 一般化 (noun)

過度の緊張を和らげるために、深呼吸をした。

I took a deep breath to ease the excessive tension.

過度の (noun + no) + 緊張 (noun)

過度な期待を背負わされた若者の苦悩は深い。

The suffering of youth burdened with excessive expectations is deep.

過度な (na-adjective) + 期待 (noun)

過度な情緒主義に流されることなく、冷静に判断すべきだ。

We should judge calmly without being swept away by excessive emotionalism.

過度な (na-adjective) + 情緒主義 (noun)

過度の富の偏在は、社会の安定を脅かす。

The excessive maldistribution of wealth threatens social stability.

過度の (noun + no) + 富の偏在 (noun phrase)

過度な装飾を排したミニマリズムの美学。

The aesthetics of minimalism that eliminated excessive decoration.

過度な (na-adjective) + 装飾 (noun)

過度な自己犠牲は、持続可能な社会貢献にはならない。

Excessive self-sacrifice does not lead to sustainable social contribution.

過度な (na-adjective) + 自己犠牲 (noun)

過度な忖度が蔓延する社会では、真実が隠蔽されやすい。

In a society where excessive surmise is rampant, truth is easily concealed.

過度な (na-adjective) + 忖度 (noun)

過度な合理化が、人間の尊厳を損なう場合がある。

Excessive rationalization can sometimes damage human dignity.

過度な (na-adjective) + 合理化 (noun)

過度な干渉を避けることが、外交上の礼儀である。

Avoiding excessive interference is a matter of diplomatic etiquette.

過度な (na-adjective) + 干渉 (noun)

過度な悲観論は、建設的な議論を妨げる。

Excessive pessimism hinders constructive discussion.

過度な (na-adjective) + 悲観論 (noun)

近义词

行き過ぎ過剰極端度が過ぎる

反义词

適度控えめ

常见搭配

過度なストレス

過度な期待

過度の飲酒

過度な運動

過度な自信

過度な競争

過度な干渉

過度なダイエット

過度な反応

過度な負担

常用短语

過度な〜は避ける

— To avoid excessive [noun]. Used in health advice.

過度な糖分は避けましょう。

過度な〜を控える

— To refrain from excessive [noun]. Formal warning.

過度な発言は控えてください。

過度に〜する

— To do [verb] excessively. Adverbial use.

過度に心配しないでください。

過度の〜による

— Due to excessive [noun]. Explaining a cause.

過度の緊張によるミス。

過度な〜を強いる

— To force excessive [noun] on someone.

部下に過度な労働を強いる。

過度な〜に陥る

— To fall into a state of excessive [noun].

過度な悲観論に陥る。

過度な〜を抑える

— To suppress or control excessive [noun].

過度なインフレを抑える。

過度な〜を求める

— To demand excessive [noun].

完璧を過度に求める。

過度な〜を課す

— To impose excessive [noun].

自分に過度なノルマを課す。

過度な〜が目立つ

— Excessive [noun] is noticeable.

最近、過度な演出が目立つ。

容易混淆的词

過度 vs 角 (kado)

Means 'corner.' Same spelling in romaji, different kanji and pitch accent.

過度 vs 門 (kado)

Means 'gate' (poetic/old). Same spelling in romaji.

過度 vs 過大 (kadai)

Means 'overstated' or 'too big.' Used for evaluations, not behaviors.

习语与表达

"過ぎたるは猶及ばざるが如し"

— Too much is as bad as too little. This is the classic Japanese proverb that encapsulates the warning of 'kado'.

過度な練習は怪我の元だ。過ぎたるは猶及ばざるが如しだよ。

Literary/Proverb

"度を越す"

— To exceed the limit/degree. This is the verbal equivalent of 'kado'.

彼の冗談は度を越している。

Neutral

"羽目を外す"

— To go overboard or let loose excessively, usually in a fun/party context.

昨夜は飲み会で羽目を外してしまった。

Informal

"やり過ぎる"

— To overdo something.

筋トレをやり過ぎて筋肉痛だ。

Casual

"度が過ぎる"

— To go too far (similar to kado).

いたずらも度が過ぎると怒られるよ。

Neutral

"身を削る"

— To whittle oneself away (excessive work/sacrifice).

身を削って働くのは過度な労働だ。

Idiomatic

"毒になる"

— To become poison (often said of excessive habits).

過度な薬は毒になる。

Neutral

"歯止めが利かない"

— Cannot be stopped/braked (excessive behavior that won't stop).

過度な浪費に歯止めが利かない。

Neutral

"火を噴く"

— To burst into flames (used for excessive criticism or problems).

過度な不祥事でネットが火を噴いた。

Metaphorical

"首が回らない"

— Cannot turn one's neck (excessive debt).

過度な借金で首が回らない。

Idiomatic

容易混淆

過度 vs 過剰

Both mean 'too much.'

Kajō is for quantity/surplus (vitamins, inventory). Kado is for degree/intensity (stress, exercise).

過剰な在庫 (kajō), 過度なストレス (kado).

過度 vs 極端

Both mean 'extreme.'

Kyokutan is a position on a spectrum (extreme thoughts). Kado is crossing a safety limit.

極端な右翼 (kyokutan), 過度な労働 (kado).

過度 vs 非常に

Both mean 'very/extremely.'

Hijō ni is neutral or positive. Kado is negative.

非常に綺麗 (hijō ni), 過度に心配 (kado).

過度 vs 余計

Both mean 'extra/too much.'

Yokei is about being unneeded or redundant. Kado is about being dangerously intense.

余計な一言 (yokei), 過度な飲酒 (kado).

過度 vs 無理

Both involve overdoing it.

Muri is 'impossible' or 'straining.' Kado is the objective 'excessive degree.'

無理をする (muri), 過度な負担 (kado).

句型

過度な [Noun] は [Negative Adjective] です。

過度な運動は悪いです。

過度に [Verb] しないでください。

過度に心配しないでください。

過度の [Noun] で [Result]。

過度のストレスで病気になった。

過度な [Noun] が [Problem] の原因だ。

過度な期待がプレッシャーの原因だ。

過度な [Noun] を控えるべきだ。

過度な飲酒を控えるべきだ。

過度な [Noun] は [Abstract Negative Noun] を招く。

過度な規制は停滞を招く。

過度な [Noun] にさらされる。

過度な情報にさらされる。

過度な [Noun] を排する。

過度な装飾を排する。

词族

名词

過度 (Excess)

適度 (Moderation)

限度 (Limit)

程度 (Degree)

頻度 (Frequency)

动词

過ぎる (To pass/exceed)

過ごす (To spend time)

過つ (To make a mistake - rare)

形容词

過度な (Excessive)

適度な (Moderate)

不適切な (Inappropriate)

如何使用

frequency

Common in news, medicine, and formal advice.

常见错误

過度に美味しい (Kado ni oishii) → 非常に美味しい (Hijō ni oishii)
Kado is for negative excess, not for 'very' in a positive sense.
過度な人 (Kado na hito) → 極端な人 (Kyokutan na hito)
You don't usually call a person 'excessive' with 'kado'; 'kyokutan' (extreme) is better for personalities.
食べ過度 (Tabe-kado) → 食べすぎ (Tabe-sugi)
Kado is not a verb suffix. You must use it as an adjective or noun.
過度な在庫 (Kado na zaiko) → 過剰な在庫 (Kajō na zaiko)
For physical surplus/inventory, 'kajō' is the correct term.
過度なプレゼント (Kado na purezento) → 高価なプレゼント (Kōka na purezento)
Unless the gift is actually harmful, 'kado' is the wrong word for an expensive gift.

小贴士

Negative Nuance

Always remember that 'kado' is a warning word. If you use it, you are saying something is wrong or dangerous.

Adverb Form

Use 'kado ni' to describe actions. 'Kado ni kinchō suru' (to be excessively nervous) is a great way to sound more advanced.

Pair with Stress

The most common pairing is 'kado na stress.' Memorize this as a single block.

Work Culture

In Japan, 'kado na rōdō' (excessive labor) is a major social topic. Using this word shows you understand Japanese social issues.

Kanji Breakdown

Focus on the 'degree' (度) part. It's about crossing a degree/level.

Pitch Accent

Stress the first syllable. KA-do. This prevents confusion with 'corner' (ka-DO).

Kado vs Kajō

If it's about how you FEEL or ACT, use Kado. If it's about how much STUFF you have, use Kajō.

Balance

Learn 'tekido' at the same time. Life is about avoiding 'kado' and finding 'tekido'.

Formal Writing

Use 'kado' in essays to critique policies or behaviors. It adds an air of authority to your writing.

Medical Contexts

When a doctor says 'kado na...', listen carefully—they are telling you what to stop doing!

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'CAR' (KA) driving through a 'DOOR' (DO) that is too small. It's an EXCESSIVE car for that door!

视觉联想

Imagine a scale that is tipped all the way to one side, breaking under the weight of a giant 'KA-DO' block.

Word Web

Limit Warning Stress Doctor Balance Excessive Too Much Negative

挑战

Try to find three things in your life right now that are 'kado' (excessive) and say them out loud: 'Kado na stress,' 'Kado na coffee,' 'Kado na netflix!'

词源

Composed of two Kanji: '過' (ka) meaning to exceed or pass, and '度' (do) meaning degree or measurement. It originated from classical Chinese and was adopted into Japanese to describe measurements that exceed the norm.

原始含义： To exceed the proper measure or degree.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

文化背景

Be careful when using 'kado' to describe someone's behavior directly to them, as it can sound like a harsh criticism of their character.

English speakers often use 'excessive' in positive exaggerations ('excessively talented'). Japanese speakers almost never do this with 'kado'.

Used in Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare guidelines. Commonly found in self-help books like 'The Power of Less' translated into Japanese. Appears in lyrics of songs discussing the pressure of modern Tokyo life.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Hospital/Clinic

過度な飲酒
過度な喫煙
過度な糖分摂取
過度のストレス

Gym/Sports

過度なトレーニング
過度な負荷
過度な練習
過度なストレッチ

Office/Business

過度な残業
過度な競争
過度なノルマ
過度な忖度

School/Education

過度な期待
過度な勉強
過度な規則
過度な競争意識

Product Manuals

過度な衝撃
過度な加熱
過度な加圧
過度な使用

对话开场白

"最近、過度なストレスを感じることはありますか？"

"日本の過度な残業文化についてどう思いますか？"

"過度なダイエットをした経験はありますか？"

"子供への過度な教育は必要だと思いますか？"

"SNSの過度な利用はメンタルに悪いと思いますか？"

日记主题

自分の生活の中で「過度」になっていると思う習慣を書いてください。

「適度」と「過度」の境界線はどこにあると思いますか？

過度な期待をされた時、あなたはどう対処しますか？

現代社会における過度な情報の波をどう泳ぎますか？

過度な節約をすることで失われるものは何ですか？

常见问题

10 个问题

Generally, no. 'Kado' implies that the excess is harmful. If you want to say something is 'exceedingly good,' use 'hijō ni' or 'tobikiri'.

They are often interchangeable. 'Kado na' is the standard na-adjective usage. 'Kado no' is more common in established formal or medical phrases like '過度の緊張'.

Both. It's common in formal speech (like a doctor's advice) and very common in writing (newspapers, manuals).

It's technically redundant (like saying 'excessively too much'), but you might hear it in very casual conversation for emphasis.

The antonym is 'tekido' (適度). It follows the same grammar: 'tekido na undō' (moderate exercise).

Rarely. 'Kajō' (surplus) is better for physical things like 'too many apples.' 'Kado' is for actions or states like 'drinking' or 'tension'.

It is typically considered B2 (Upper Intermediate) because of its formal nuance and specific usage constraints.

Both share the kanji '過' (to pass/error), but they are not directly related in meaning.

Yes, it frequently appears in N2 and N1 reading and vocabulary sections.

Only verbs where 'excessive degree' makes sense, like 'expect,' 'worry,' 'react,' or 'work'.

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