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B1 noun #7,000 最常用 13分钟阅读

怠け

Idleness; laziness; indolence.

namake 前7,000

At the A1 level, you should focus on the basic idea that 'namake' (usually as part of 'namakemono') means 'lazy.' You might learn it in the context of talking about people or animals. For example, 'He is lazy' or 'The sloth is a lazy animal.' At this stage, don't worry about the complex noun usage. Just remember that it is the opposite of being a hard worker. You might see it in simple stories where a character doesn't want to work. It's a useful word to describe basic personality traits when you are learning how to use 'desu' (is/am/are) with nouns. Think of it as a label for someone who prefers to sleep or play instead of doing their homework or chores. You will mostly encounter it in the form 'namakemono' (lazy person) because it's easier to use in basic sentences like 'Tanaka-san wa namakemono desu.'

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At the A2 level, you can start to see how 'namake' is related to the verb 'namakeru' (to be lazy/to slack off). You might use it to talk about your own habits, like saying 'I was a bit lazy today' using the verb form. You will also begin to encounter the noun 'namake' in simple compound words like 'namake-gokoro' (the feeling of being lazy). For example, 'It's cold, so I feel lazy' (Samui node, namake-gokoro ga demasu). This level is about expanding from just labeling a person to describing a feeling or a temporary state. You might also hear it in classroom settings when a teacher says 'Don't be lazy' (Namakeru na!). You are starting to understand that this word is not just a description but also a criticism of behavior that lacks effort.

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At the B1 level, you should understand 'namake' as a noun that represents the concept of idleness or indolence. You will use it to discuss more complex topics like productivity, self-discipline, and habits. You should be familiar with compounds like 'namake-guse' (a habit of laziness) and 'namake-buri' (the manner of being lazy). At this stage, you can use 'namake' in sentences that explain the cause of a problem, such as 'The project failed because of laziness.' You should also be able to distinguish between 'namake' (slacking off) and 'yasumi' (rest). You will encounter this word in intermediate reading materials about work-life balance or personal development. You are expected to use it correctly in both spoken and written Japanese to describe lapses in effort or motivation.

At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'namake' and how it differs from more formal terms like 'taida' (indolence). You can use it to analyze character motivations in literature or to discuss societal attitudes toward work in Japan. You should be comfortable using 'namake' in various grammatical structures, including those that personify the concept, like 'overcoming the laziness within.' You will also understand the cultural weight of the word—how it relates to the Japanese value of diligence and the social consequences of being perceived as lazy. Your usage should reflect an understanding of register, knowing when to use the common 'namake' versus the more academic or literary synonyms. You can discuss the psychological aspects of laziness, such as its link to procrastination or a lack of purpose.

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At the C1 level, you are expected to use 'namake' with native-like precision, incorporating it into sophisticated discussions about human nature, ethics, and social structures. You can explore the etymology of the kanji and how the concept of laziness has been portrayed in Japanese history and art. You should be able to use the word in complex rhetorical structures, such as using 'namake' to contrast with 'kinben' (diligence) in an essay about economic growth or educational reform. You will understand subtle idiomatic uses and how the word can be used ironically or sarcastically in high-level conversation. Your vocabulary should include rare synonyms like 'randa' and you should be able to explain the exact differences in nuance between them and 'namake' to a fellow learner.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'namake' is complete. You can use it to discuss philosophical treatises on the 'right to be lazy' or to critique the 'overwork culture' of modern Japan by reframing what is traditionally seen as 'namake.' You can navigate the most formal and the most casual registers with ease, using the word in everything from legal arguments about negligence to street slang. You have a deep appreciation for the word's role in the Japanese psyche and can use it to provide profound insights into cultural identity. You can create puns, metaphors, and complex literary allusions involving 'namake.' At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a tool for nuanced expression and cultural analysis at the highest level of linguistic competence.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

怠け 30秒了解

怠け (namake) is the noun form of 'namakeru,' meaning laziness or idleness.
It is commonly used to describe a lack of effort or the neglect of duties.
You often see it in compounds like 'namakemono' (lazy person) and 'namake-guse' (lazy habit).
It carries a negative connotation and is the opposite of the Japanese value of diligence.

The word 怠け (namake) is a noun derived from the verb namakeru, which means to be lazy or to neglect one's duties. In Japanese, transforming a verb into its stem form often creates a noun that encapsulates the essence of the action. Thus, namake represents the state of idleness, the act of slacking off, or the general quality of indolence. It is a word that carries a negative connotation, often used to describe a lapse in discipline or a habitual avoidance of effort. Unlike purely clinical terms for laziness, namake feels very human and relatable, often used in personal reflections or when describing a character flaw in a story. It is frequently seen in compound words that further specify the type of laziness being discussed.

Core Concept: The fundamental idea is the 'neglect of what should be done.' It is not just resting; it is resting when there is work to be finished.

今日の午後はつい怠け心が出て、仕事を後回しにしてしまった。
(This afternoon, a spirit of laziness came over me, and I put off my work.)

In a cultural context, Japan places a high value on diligence (kinben). Therefore, namake is often viewed as a significant hurdle to personal and professional growth. You will hear parents using it with children to correct their study habits, or individuals using it to criticize their own lack of motivation. It is distinct from 'rest' (kyuukei), which is seen as necessary and productive. Namake is the unnecessary extension of rest into the territory of negligence. It is the 'voice' in your head that tells you to stay in bed for another hour when you have a deadline approaching. Understanding this word requires understanding the Japanese social expectation of contributing one's best effort to the group.

Common Usage: Used in educational settings, self-help contexts, and casual conversations about productivity or character traits.

彼は怠け者ではないが、時々集中力が切れる。
(He is not a lazy person, but sometimes his concentration breaks.)

The word is versatile. It can describe a temporary state or a permanent personality trait. When someone says they are 'having a lazy day,' they might use the verb form namakeru, but when discussing the concept of laziness as a philosophical or psychological obstacle, the noun namake is the standard choice. It appears in literature to describe the downfall of characters who succumb to their desires for ease over their responsibilities. In modern business Japanese, while more formal terms like 'taida' might be used in written reports, namake remains the go-to word for spoken communication and internal thoughts.

Nuance Comparison: Compared to 'taida' (indolence), 'namake' is less formal and more descriptive of the actual behavior of slacking off.

長年の怠け癖がたたり、試験に落ちてしまった。
(My long-standing habit of laziness backfired, and I failed the exam.)

自分の中の怠けに打ち勝つ必要がある。
(It is necessary to overcome the laziness within oneself.)

あの怠けぶりには、上司もあきれている。
(The boss is also exasperated by that display of laziness.)

Using 怠け (namake) correctly involves understanding its role as a noun and how it combines with other words to form descriptive phrases. Because it is the noun form of a verb, it functions as the subject or object of a sentence, but it is most frequently found in compound nouns. For example, namake-guse (a habit of being lazy) is a very common way to describe someone who consistently avoids work. Another common compound is namake-gokoro (a lazy spirit or inclination), which describes the internal impulse to slack off. When you want to refer to a person who is lazy, you must use namakemono. You cannot simply say 'he is namake' (kare wa namake desu) because that sounds grammatically incomplete; instead, you would say 'kare wa namakemono desu' or 'kare ni wa namake-guse ga aru'.

Sentence Structure 1: Noun + Particle: [Subject] wa [Namake] ni yotte [Result]. This structure explains the cause-and-effect relationship of laziness.

彼の失敗は、単なる能力不足ではなく怠けによるものだ。
(His failure was not due to a simple lack of ability, but rather due to laziness.)

In more formal or literary contexts, you might see namake followed by wo imu (to dislike/avoid laziness) or wo tsumishiku (to strictly forbid laziness). In everyday speech, it is often paired with verbs like deru (to come out) or katsu (to win over). For instance, 'namake-gokoro ga deru' means that the feeling of wanting to be lazy has surfaced. This implies that laziness is an external force or a hidden part of the psyche that emerges under certain conditions, like cold weather or a boring task. This personification of laziness is a key feature of how the word is used in Japanese conversation.

Sentence Structure 2: Compound Nouns: [Namake] + [Noun] creates specific descriptions of behavior or character.

冬になると、こたつから出たくないという怠け心との戦いが始まる。
(When winter comes, the battle with the lazy spirit of not wanting to leave the kotatsu begins.)

Furthermore, namake can be used with the suffix -buri to describe the 'manner' or 'extent' of someone's laziness. 'Namake-buri' describes how someone is slacking off, often with a sense of disbelief or criticism from the speaker. This is particularly useful when observing someone else's behavior in a professional or academic environment. It highlights the visible manifestation of their internal laziness. For example, 'His laziness (namake-buri) lately is terrible' suggests that his actions—or lack thereof—are clearly observable to others.

Sentence Structure 3: Negation: [Namake] wo shirazu (Not knowing laziness). This is a poetic or formal way to describe someone extremely hardworking.

祖父は一生、怠けを知らずに働き続けた。
(My grandfather continued to work his whole life without knowing laziness.)

少しの怠けも許されない厳しい環境だ。
(It is a harsh environment where even a little laziness is not permitted.)

夏休みの宿題を最後に残すのは、私の怠け癖のせいだ。
(Leaving summer homework until the end is due to my habit of laziness.)

The word 怠け (namake) and its derivatives echo through various spheres of Japanese life, from the classroom to the corporate office. In schools, teachers often warn students against namake during long breaks like summer vacation (natsu-yasumi). They might say, 'Don't let laziness take over just because you're at home.' This reflects the societal fear that a break in routine will lead to a permanent loss of discipline. You will also see it in educational posters or motivational books aimed at students, encouraging them to 'say goodbye to their lazy selves' (namake-mono no jibun to sayonara).

Setting: The Home: Parents often use the term when disciplining children who refuse to do chores or study.

「いつまで寝ているの！その怠け癖を直しなさい！」
('How long are you going to keep sleeping! Fix that habit of laziness!')

In the workplace, while the word might be considered too blunt for a formal performance review (where 'lack of initiative' or 'efficiency issues' might be used instead), it is frequently heard in more casual office venting sessions. Coworkers might complain about a colleague's namake-buri behind their back, or a manager might use the term during an informal 'pep talk' to warn the team against becoming complacent after a successful project. It is a word that strikes at the heart of professional integrity in Japan. Interestingly, it also appears in the context of health and fitness. A trainer might talk about overcoming the 'lazy heart' that wants to skip a workout.

Setting: Media and Literature: Common in fables (like Aesop's) and anime, where lazy characters often undergo a transformation to become diligent.

アニメの主人公が怠け者から英雄へと成長する物語。
(A story where the anime protagonist grows from a lazy person into a hero.)

Furthermore, you'll encounter the word in psychological contexts, such as articles discussing 'modern laziness' or procrastination. It is often linked to the concept of amae (dependence on others' kindness), where one's namake is enabled by those around them. This nuance suggests that laziness is not just an individual failure but a social dynamic. Whether it's a self-deprecating comment about one's own namake-gokoro or a stern warning from a superior, the word is a staple of Japanese social evaluation and self-reflection.

Setting: Social Media: Users often post photos of themselves relaxing with hashtags like #怠け (laziness) or #怠け者 (lazy person) in a self-ironic way.

今日は一日中パジャマで過ごすという、究極の怠けを実践した。
(Today I practiced the ultimate laziness of spending the whole day in my pajamas.)

成功するためには、一瞬の怠けも命取りになる。
(To succeed, even a moment of laziness can be fatal.)

彼は怠けているわけではなく、効率を考えているのだ。
(He is not being lazy; he is thinking about efficiency.)

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using 怠け (namake) is confusing it with other words for 'lazy' or 'idle' that have different nuances. For example, darashinai is often translated as 'lazy,' but it specifically refers to being untidy, sloppy, or lacking in self-discipline regarding one's appearance or surroundings. You can be namake (neglecting work) without being darashinai (messy), and vice versa. Another common confusion is with busshou (literally 'lazy-natured'). Busshou is often used for small, physical tasks—like being too lazy to get up to change the TV channel. Namake is a broader term that covers the general neglect of duties or a fundamental lack of effort.

Mistake 1: Using 'Namake' as an Adjective: Incorrect: Kare wa namake desu. (He is laziness). Correct: Kare wa namakemono desu (He is a lazy person) or Kare wa namakete iru (He is being lazy).

× 彼は怠けだ。
○ 彼は怠け者だ。
(He is a lazy person.)

Another error involves the distinction between namake and yasumi (rest). In Western cultures, the line between 'taking a break' and 'being lazy' can sometimes be blurred in casual speech. However, in Japanese, namake almost always implies that something *should* be being done. If you are legitimately resting after a hard day's work, calling it namake is overly self-critical or even incorrect. Use kyuukei or yasumi for positive or neutral rest. Using namake suggests a moral or professional failure. Additionally, learners often forget that namake is the noun form. If you want to describe an action, you must use the verb namakeru. For example, 'I was lazy today' should be 'Kyou wa namaketa,' not 'Kyou wa namake datta' (which sounds like 'Today was laziness').

Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Taida': 'Taida' is a formal, often legal or academic term for indolence. 'Namake' is the everyday word. Using 'taida' in casual conversation sounds unnaturally stiff.

友だちとの会話で「君は怠惰だね」と言うと、非常に堅苦しく聞こえる。
(Saying 'You are indolent' in a conversation with a friend sounds very stiff.)

Lastly, be careful with the word namakemono. While it means 'lazy person,' it is also the name of the animal 'sloth.' If you are trying to be serious and call someone lazy, using namakemono might inadvertently bring to mind the slow-moving mammal, which could soften the blow or make the situation feel comical. If you want to be stern, focus on the specific behavior using namake-guse or namakeru na (don't be lazy). Understanding these subtle boundaries will help you navigate Japanese social interactions more effectively and avoid unintentional offense or confusion.

Mistake 3: Overusing the Kanji: While '怠け' is common, in very casual texting, people sometimes use hiragana 'なまけ' to look softer. Don't feel pressured to always use kanji in informal settings.

最近、なまけ気味なんだよね。
(I've been feeling a bit lazy lately, you know.)

仕事の怠けは、いつか自分に返ってくる。
(Slacking off at work will eventually come back to haunt you.)

彼は怠けという言葉を知らないような人だ。
(He is the kind of person who seems not to know the word laziness.)

Japanese has a rich vocabulary for describing various shades of inactivity and lack of motivation. Understanding the alternatives to 怠け (namake) allows for more precise communication. The most direct formal synonym is taida (怠惰). While namake is grounded in everyday speech and the act of slacking off, taida is a more abstract, conceptual term for indolence. It is often used in literature, philosophy, or formal reports to describe a character trait or a systemic issue. Another relative is okotari (怠り), which also comes from a verb (okotaru) meaning to neglect. However, okotari is specifically used for 'neglect' or 'omission' of a particular duty or care, rather than a general state of laziness.

Comparison: Namake vs. Taida: Namake is 'slacking off' (behavioral); Taida is 'indolence' (characterological/formal).

「ちょっと怠けちゃった」は自然だが、「ちょっと怠惰になっちゃった」は不自然。
('I slacked off a bit' is natural, but 'I became a bit indolent' is unnatural in casual speech.)

For a more physical or situational laziness, you might use busshou (物臭). This refers to someone who finds physical actions troublesome—the type of person who won't get up to answer the door. It has a slightly more endearing or less harsh nuance than namake. Then there is randa (懶惰), an even more formal and rare term than taida, usually found only in high-level literature. If you want to describe someone who is generally sloppy or loose in their ways, darashinai is the perfect adjective. While not a direct synonym for the noun namake, it is the most common way to describe the *result* of a lazy lifestyle.

Comparison: Namake vs. Busshou: Namake is a failure of will; Busshou is a dislike of the physical effort involved in small tasks.

筆不精（ふでぶしょう）は、手紙を書くのを面倒くさがることを指す。
(Fude-busshou refers to being too lazy to write letters.)

On the opposite end of the spectrum, words like kinben (勤勉 - diligence) and doryoku (努力 - effort) serve as the antonyms. In Japanese society, these are the virtues that namake threatens. When discussing someone's character, you might weigh their kinben-sa (degree of diligence) against their namake-guse (habit of laziness). Understanding these pairings helps you participate in deeper conversations about personality and work ethic. Finally, the slang term darudaru can describe a state of feeling sluggish or lazy in a very informal, 'vibe'-oriented way, often used among friends to describe a lack of energy rather than a moral failing.

Summary of Alternatives: 1. Taida (Formal) 2. Okotari (Neglect of duty) 3. Busshou (Lazy about chores) 4. Darashinai (Sloppy/Unordered).

成功の秘訣は、日々の小さな怠けを排除することだ。
(The secret to success is to eliminate small daily acts of laziness.)

彼は怠けているつもりはないが、周りからはそう見える。
(He doesn't intend to be lazy, but that's how it looks to those around him.)

自分の怠けを正当化してはいけない。
(You must not justify your own laziness.)

How Formal Is It?

正式

"公務の怠けは厳禁である。"

中性

"彼は少し怠け癖がある。"

非正式

"また怠けちゃったよ。"

Child friendly

"怠け者さん、起きてください！"

俚语

"今日マジで怠けモードだわ。"

趣味小知识

The kanji 怠 (tai) actually depicts a 'heart' (心) placed under a 'pedestal' (台), suggesting a heart that has stopped moving and is just sitting still.

发音指南

UK /nəˈmɑːkeɪ/

US /nəˈmɑkeɪ/

In Japanese, pitch accent is usually low-high-high (na-MA-KE).

押韵词

Sake (Japanese wine) Take (Bamboo) Make (To lose - verb stem) Kake (Bet/Gamble) Hake (Brush) Wake (Reason) Suke (Help/Support) Oke (Bucket)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'ke' like 'key' (it should be 'keh').
Putting the stress on the first syllable.
Confusing the pronunciation with 'namae' (name).
Elongating the 'e' too much like 'namakeee'.
Dropping the 'n' sound at the beginning.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

The kanji 怠 is intermediate (JLPT N3). Once learned, it is easy to recognize.

写作 4/5

Writing the kanji 怠 correctly requires attention to the 'heart' radical at the bottom.

口语 2/5

The word is phonetically simple and easy to incorporate into speech.

听力 2/5

Clear pronunciation makes it easy to catch in conversations.

接下来学什么

前置知识

休む (yasumu) 働く (hataraku) 心 (kokoro) 人 (hito) 癖 (kuse)

接下来学习

怠惰 (taida) 勤勉 (kinben) 努力 (doryoku) 効率 (kouritsu) 目標 (mokuhyou)

高级

懈怠 (keitai) 放逸 (houitsu) 懶惰 (randa) 無為徒食 (muitoshoku)

需要掌握的语法

Noun + 癖 (kuse)

怠け癖 (namake-guse) - The habit of being lazy.

Noun + 心 (gokoro/shin)

怠け心 (namake-gokoro) - A lazy mind/spirit.

Verb Stem as Noun

怠ける (namakeru) -> 怠け (namake).

Noun + ぶり (buri)

怠けぶり (namake-buri) - The style/manner of being lazy.

Noun + による (ni yoru)

怠けによる失敗 - Failure caused by laziness.

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按水平分级的例句

彼は怠け者です。

He is a lazy person.

怠け者 (namakemono) is a noun meaning 'lazy person'.

怠け者は嫌われます。

Lazy people are disliked.

The particle は indicates the subject.

ナマケモノは木の上にいます。

The sloth is in the tree.

Namakemono is also the name of the animal 'sloth'.

怠けを直しましょう。

Let's fix the laziness.

直しましょう is the polite 'let's' form of 'to fix'.

弟は怠け者ではありません。

My younger brother is not a lazy person.

ではありません is the negative form of 'is'.

怠けは良くないです。

Laziness is not good.

良くない is the negative form of 'good' (ii).

田中さんは怠け者ですか？

Is Mr. Tanaka a lazy person?

か at the end turns the sentence into a question.

怠けをなくしたいです。

I want to eliminate laziness.

～たいです expresses desire.

今日は怠け心が出てしまった。

A lazy spirit came out today.

怠け心 (namake-gokoro) means 'lazy spirit' or 'inclination to slack off'.

怠け癖を直すのは大変だ。

Fixing a habit of laziness is difficult.

怠け癖 (namake-guse) means 'habit of laziness'.

勉強の怠けは成績に響く。

Laziness in studies affects grades.

響く (hibiku) means to echo or affect.

彼は時々、怠け者になる。

He sometimes becomes a lazy person.

になる means 'to become'.

怠けを捨てて、頑張りましょう。

Let's throw away laziness and do our best.

～て form is used to connect actions.

私の怠けが原因で、遅刻した。

Because of my laziness, I was late.

原因 (gen'in) means 'cause'.

怠けぶりを見て、母が怒った。

Seeing the laziness, my mother got angry.

怠けぶり (namake-buri) means 'manner of being lazy'.

怠けを許さない先生だ。

He is a teacher who does not permit laziness.

許さない (yurusanai) means 'not permit'.

長年の怠け癖が今の状況を招いた。

A long-standing habit of laziness led to the current situation.

招いた (manaita) is the past tense of 'to invite/lead to'.

自分の中の怠けと戦っている。

I am fighting the laziness within myself.

と戦っている (to tatakatte iru) means 'fighting with'.

彼の怠けぶりは目に余るものがある。

His laziness is quite unbearable to watch.

目に余る (me ni amaru) is an idiom meaning 'unbearable' or 'too much to overlook'.

一時の怠けが、大きな損失につながる。

A moment's laziness leads to a big loss.

につながる (ni tsunagaru) means 'leads to'.

怠け心に打ち勝つ方法を知りたい。

I want to know how to overcome a lazy spirit.

打ち勝つ (uchikatsu) means 'to overcome' or 'to defeat'.

成功者は決して怠けを正当化しない。

Successful people never justify laziness.

正当化 (seitouka) means 'justification'.

冬の寒さは、怠けを助長する。

The cold of winter encourages laziness.

助長する (jochou suru) means 'to encourage' or 'to promote' (often something bad).

彼は怠けを知らない努力家だ。

He is a hard worker who knows no laziness.

努力家 (doryokuka) means 'a hard worker'.

社会全体の怠けが、経済の停滞を招く恐れがある。

The laziness of society as a whole may lead to economic stagnation.

恐れがある (osore ga aru) means 'there is a fear/risk that'.

怠けを美徳とする考え方もあるが、一般的ではない。

There is a way of thinking that considers laziness a virtue, but it is not common.

美徳とする (bitoku to suru) means 'to regard as a virtue'.

彼は自分の怠けを、効率化という言葉で包み隠している。

He hides his laziness behind the word 'efficiency'.

包み隠す (tsutsumi-kakusu) means 'to conceal' or 'to hide'.

組織における怠けは、腐敗の第一歩である。

Laziness in an organization is the first step toward corruption.

における (ni okeru) means 'in' or 'at' (formal).

怠け心は、目標を見失った時に忍び寄ってくる。

A lazy spirit creeps in when you lose sight of your goals.

忍び寄る (shinobiyoru) means 'to creep up' or 'to steal near'.

教育の目的の一つは、子供たちの怠けを律することだ。

One of the purposes of education is to discipline the laziness of children.

律する (rissuru) means 'to judge' or 'to discipline'.

彼は周囲の怠けぶりに、深い絶望を感じていた。

He felt deep despair at the laziness of those around him.

絶望 (zetsubou) means 'despair'.

怠けを排除するため、厳しい規則が導入された。

To eliminate laziness, strict rules were introduced.

導入された (dounyuu sareta) means 'was introduced'.

個人の怠けを構造的な問題として捉え直す必要がある。

It is necessary to re-evaluate individual laziness as a structural problem.

捉え直す (torae-naosu) means 'to re-evaluate' or 'to rethink'.

芸術家にとって、怠けは時として創造の源泉となる。

For an artist, laziness can sometimes be the fountainhead of creation.

源泉 (gensen) means 'source' or 'fountainhead'.

近代合理主義は、あらゆる怠けを悪として排斥してきた。

Modern rationalism has excluded all forms of laziness as evil.

排斥する (haiseki suru) means 'to exclude' or 'to reject'.

彼の沈黙は、怠けではなく、深い思索の表れであった。

His silence was not laziness, but an expression of deep contemplation.

思索 (shisaku) means 'contemplation' or 'speculation'.

怠けの正体は、実は変化に対する恐怖なのかもしれない。

The true nature of laziness might actually be a fear of change.

正体 (shoutai) means 'true identity' or 'true nature'.

文学作品において、怠けはしばしば人間性の象徴として描かれる。

In literary works, laziness is often depicted as a symbol of humanity.

象徴 (shouchou) means 'symbol'.

自らの怠けを直視することは、精神的な成長に不可欠だ。

Confronting one's own laziness is essential for spiritual growth.

直視する (chokushi suru) means 'to look squarely at'.

社会が豊かになるにつれ、怠けの定義も変容していく。

As society becomes wealthier, the definition of laziness also transforms.

変容する (hen'you suru) means 'to transform' or 'to change form'.

怠けという概念を脱構築することで、労働の本質を問い直す。

By deconstructing the concept of laziness, we question the essence of labor.

脱構築 (dakkouchiku) means 'deconstruction'.

高度資本主義社会において、怠けは最も過激な抵抗の形態となり得る。

In advanced capitalist societies, laziness can become the most radical form of resistance.

となり得る (to nariuru) means 'can become'.

人間の尊厳は、怠けを享受する権利の有無に集約されるのではないか。

Is it not possible that human dignity is summarized by the existence or absence of the right to enjoy laziness?

集約される (shuuyaku sareru) means 'to be summarized' or 'to be concentrated'.

技術革新は、究極的には人類を怠けの極致へと誘うものだ。

Technological innovation ultimately invites humanity to the pinnacle of laziness.

極致 (kyokuchi) means 'pinnacle' or 'zenith'.

怠けの美学を追求することは、効率至上主義へのアンチテーゼである。

Pursuing the aesthetics of laziness is an antithesis to efficiency-first-ism.

アンチテーゼ (anchiteeze) means 'antithesis'.

彼は怠けという隠れ蓑を使い、世俗の喧騒から逃避していた。

He used laziness as a cloak to escape the hustle and bustle of the secular world.

隠れ蓑 (kakuremino) means 'cloak of invisibility' or 'cover'.

怠けは、魂が休息を求めているという沈黙の叫びなのかもしれない。

Laziness may be the silent cry of a soul seeking rest.

沈黙の叫び (chinmoku no sakubi) means 'silent cry'.

文明の進歩は、我々の怠けをいかに洗練させるかという歴史に他ならない。

The progress of civilization is nothing other than a history of how we refine our laziness.

に他ならない (ni hokanaranai) means 'is nothing other than'.

常见搭配

怠け癖

怠け心

怠け者

怠けぶり

怠けを知らない

怠けによる

怠けを直す

怠けに打ち勝つ

少しの怠け

怠けを戒める

常用短语

怠け者には福が来ない

怠けの極致

怠け癖が抜けない

怠け心に負ける

怠けを地で行く

怠けも休み休み言え

怠けの言い訳

怠けが祟る

怠け半分

怠けの代償

容易混淆的词

怠け vs だらしない (darashinai)

Refers to being untidy or sloppy, whereas 'namake' is about not working.

怠け vs 物臭 (busshou)

Refers to physical laziness regarding small chores, while 'namake' is broader.

怠け vs 休み (yasumi)

Rest is positive/neutral; 'namake' is negative neglect of duty.

习语与表达

"怠け者に昼寝"

Giving a lazy person a nap. Giving someone exactly what will make them worse.

彼に暇を与えるのは、怠け者に昼寝をさせるようなものだ。

Proverbial

"怠け者の節句働き"

A lazy person working during a festival. Someone who slacks when they should work and works when they should rest.

普段は何もしないのに、今日に限って働くなんて、怠け者の節句働きだね。

Proverbial

"怠けの皮を被る"

To put on a mask of laziness. Sometimes used if someone is pretending to be lazy.

彼は実は賢いが、怠けの皮を被っているだけだ。

Literary

"怠けの虫が騒ぐ"

The 'laziness bug' is acting up. Feeling a strong urge to be lazy.

天気がいいので、怠けの虫が騒ぎ出した。

Colloquial

"怠けは万病の元"

Laziness is the root of all illnesses (metaphorically). Neglect leads to total failure.

怠けは万病の元だから、規則正しい生活をしなさい。

Didactic

"怠け者の知恵"

A lazy person's wisdom. Finding a clever, low-effort way to do something.

この自動化ツールは、まさに怠け者の知恵の結晶だ。

Neutral

"怠けを食う"

To 'eat' laziness, meaning to indulge in it completely.

休みの日くらい、怠けを食ってもいいだろう。

Rare/Metaphorical

"怠けの淵"

The abyss of laziness. A state of deep, inescapable idleness.

一度怠けの淵に沈むと、這い上がるのは難しい。

Literary

"怠けの花が咲く"

Laziness is flourishing. Used when a whole group is slacking off.

監督がいない間、部員たちの間に怠けの花が咲いていた。

Metaphorical

"怠けを棚に上げる"

To put one's own laziness on a shelf (and criticize others). Being hypocritical.

自分の怠けを棚に上げて、人のことを言うな。

Common Idiom

容易混淆

怠け vs 怠る (okotaru)

Both share the same kanji and relate to neglect.

Okotaru is a verb meaning to neglect a specific task. Namake is a noun for general laziness.

注意を怠る (neglect caution) vs 怠け癖 (lazy habit).

怠け vs サボる (saboru)

Both mean slacking off.

Saboru is a verb specifically for skipping work/school. Namake is the general noun for laziness.

学校をサボる (skip school) vs 怠け心 (lazy spirit).

怠け vs 面倒くさい (mendoukusai)

Both describe a lack of desire to do things.

Mendoukusai is an adjective for 'bothersome'. Namake is the trait/act of being lazy.

やるのが面倒くさい (it's bothersome to do) vs 怠け者 (lazy person).

怠け vs 怠惰 (taida)

They are direct synonyms.

Taida is formal and conceptual. Namake is common and behavioral.

怠惰な日々 (indolent days) vs 怠け癖を直す (fix a lazy habit).

怠け vs 無精 (bushou)

Both relate to not doing what should be done.

Bushou implies a lack of care or effort in maintenance/socializing. Namake is broader.

不精ひげ (neglected beard) vs 怠けぶり (manner of laziness).

句型

[Person] wa namakemono desu.

田中さんは怠け者です。

Namake-gokoro ga deru.

寒いと怠け心が出る。

Namake-guse wo naosu.

私は怠け癖を直したい。

Namake ni yoru [Negative Result].

怠けによるミスを防ぐ。

Namake ni uchikatsu.

自分の中の怠けに打ち勝つ。

Namake-buri ga [Adjective].

彼の怠けぶりがひどい。

Namake wo shirazu ni [Action].

怠けを知らずに働き続ける。

Namake no kyokuchi.

それはまさに怠けの極致だ。

词族

名词

动词

形容词

如何使用

frequency

Common in daily conversation, schools, and self-help contexts.

常见错误

Using 'namake' as an adjective (e.g., Kare wa namake desu). → Kare wa namakemono desu.
'Namake' is a noun. You need to use the person-noun 'namakemono' to describe a person.
Confusing 'namake' with 'darashinai'. → Use 'namake' for not working; use 'darashinai' for being messy.
You can be hard-working but have a messy room (darashinai), or be lazy (namake) but very tidy.
Using 'namake' for legitimate rest. → Use 'yasumi' or 'kyuukei'.
'Namake' implies you should be working. Calling your vacation 'namake' sounds like you are being too hard on yourself.
Confusing 'namake' with 'taida' in casual speech. → Use 'namake' with friends; 'taida' is for books.
Calling a friend 'taida' sounds like you are reading from a philosophy textbook.
Forgetting the kanji for 'namake'. → 怠け
Many learners just use hiragana, but knowing the kanji is essential for intermediate reading.

小贴士

Use it with 'guse'

If you want to describe someone who is consistently lazy, 'namake-guse' is the most natural compound to use in a sentence.

Noun vs Verb

Always remember that 'namake' is the noun. If you want to describe the action, use 'namakeru'. For example, 'Namakeru na!' (Don't be lazy!).

The Diligence Contrast

To understand the weight of 'namake', always think of its opposite, 'kinben' (diligence). In Japan, these two are constantly at war.

The Sloth Connection

Remembering 'namakemono' as 'sloth' is the easiest way to keep the word in your long-term memory.

Kanji Practice

When writing 怠, make sure the 心 at the bottom is balanced. It represents the foundation of the 'lazy' state.

Self-Deprecation

Using 'namake-gokoro ga dete...' is a safe, humble way to admit you're struggling with motivation without sounding too negative.

Context Clues

In stories, 'namake' often signals a character's upcoming struggle or failure, so pay attention when it appears.

Suffixes Matter

Listen for '-mono', '-guse', or '-buri' after 'namake' to get the full meaning of what's being said.

JLPT Focus

This word is a staple for N3 and N2 levels, especially in reading comprehension passages about work or lifestyle.

Gudetama

Think of the character Gudetama as the personification of 'namake' to make the word feel more friendly and less like a scolding.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Namake' as 'Not Making' anything. If you are 'namake', you are 'not making' progress.

视觉联想

Imagine a sloth (namakemono) wearing a hat that says 'NAMAKE'.

Word Web

Lazy Sloth Bed Unfinished Neglect Habit Spirit Slacker

挑战

Try to identify one 'namake-guse' (lazy habit) you have and write a sentence about how to fix it using 'namakeを直す'.

词源

The word 'namake' is the continuative form (ren'youkei) of the verb 'namakeru.' The verb 'namakeru' has roots in ancient Japanese, possibly related to the idea of becoming 'soft' or 'limp.'

原始含义： To become slack, to lose tension, or to become soft.

Japonic / Old Japanese.

文化背景

Be careful when calling others 'namakemono' as it can be very offensive in a professional setting.

In English, 'lazy' can sometimes be used playfully (e.g., 'lazy Sunday'). In Japanese, 'namake' is almost always a criticism.

The animal 'Sloth' is called 'Namakemono' in Japanese. Gudetama (the lazy egg) embodies a modern, cute version of 'namake'. The proverb 'Namakemono no sekku-bataraki'.

在生活中练习

真实语境

School/Education

勉強の怠け
宿題を怠ける
怠け癖を直す
怠け者は落第する

Workplace

仕事の怠け
怠けぶりを指摘される
怠けによるミス
怠けを知らない社員

Self-Reflection

自分の怠け
怠け心に負ける
怠けを反省する
怠けを克服する

Daily Life/Home

家事の怠け
怠け者な夫
怠けモード
今日は怠けたい

Health/Fitness

運動の怠け
怠けが体に悪い
自分への怠け
怠けを許さないトレーナー

对话开场白

"最近、怠け心とどう戦っていますか？ (How have you been fighting the spirit of laziness lately?)"

"自分の一番の怠け癖は何だと思いますか？ (What do you think is your biggest lazy habit?)"

"怠け者をやる気にさせるには、どうすればいいでしょう？ (What should we do to motivate a lazy person?)"

"「怠け」と「休息」の違いは何だと思いますか？ (What do you think is the difference between 'laziness' and 'rest'?)"

"子供の頃、怠けて怒られた思い出はありますか？ (Do you have memories of being scolded for being lazy as a child?)"

日记主题

今日、自分が「怠け」てしまった瞬間について書き、その理由を分析してください。 (Write about a moment you were 'lazy' today and analyze the reason.)

もし世界から「怠け」がなくなったら、社会はどう変わると思いますか？ (If 'laziness' disappeared from the world, how do you think society would change?)

自分の「怠け癖」を一つ選び、それを直すための具体的なプランを立ててください。 (Choose one 'lazy habit' of yours and make a concrete plan to fix it.)

「怠け」が創造性に繋がった経験があれば、詳しく書いてください。 (If you have an experience where 'laziness' led to creativity, write about it in detail.)

あなたが尊敬する「怠けを知らない人」について説明してください。 (Describe a person you respect who 'knows no laziness'.)

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, in Japanese culture, 'namake' almost always carries a negative connotation. It implies that you are neglecting your duties or failing to put in necessary effort. Unlike 'relaxing,' which is seen as positive, 'namake' is viewed as a character flaw or a lack of discipline.

Yes! The Japanese word for the animal 'sloth' is 'namakemono' (怠け者). It literally translates to 'lazy person/thing.' This is a very common way to remember the word.

'Sabori' (from 'sabotage') is a more informal verb/noun specifically used for skipping out on work, school, or a specific duty you are supposed to be attending. 'Namake' is a broader term for the general state or habit of being lazy.

You can say 'Namake-gokoro ga dete imasu' (A lazy spirit is coming out) or more simply, 'Namakete imasu' (I am being lazy). In very casual speech, 'Goro-goro shitai' (I want to just roll around) is also common.

It is used, but usually when criticizing a lack of effort. In formal reports, 'taida' (indolence) or 'shokumu-taiman' (neglect of duty) might be preferred. 'Namake' is more common in spoken feedback or informal discussions.

No, 'namake' is a noun. You cannot say 'kare wa namake hito'. You must say 'namakemono' (lazy person) or use the verb form 'namakete iru' (is being lazy).

'Namake-guse' (怠け癖) refers to a 'habit of laziness.' It's used when someone's laziness isn't just a one-time thing but a recurring pattern in their behavior.

The kanji 怠 (tai) shows a heart (心) resting on a pedestal (台). This symbolizes a heart that has become stationary and inactive, which perfectly captures the essence of laziness or neglect.

Not really, as the concept itself is critical. However, you could use euphemisms like 'nonbiri-ya' (a relaxed person) or 'mai-peesu' (someone who goes at their own pace) if you want to be less harsh.

It is extremely common. Every Japanese speaker knows this word, and it is taught early in life. It appears in school, at home, in literature, and in media constantly.

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