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A1 verb #500 最常用 9分钟阅读

作る

tsukuru 前500

开始练习例句笔记与提示作る 30秒了解

解析作る in your Level:

At the A1 level, '作る' (tsukuru) is primarily learned as a verb for 'making' or 'cooking.' Students learn it in its polite form, '作ります' (tsukurimasu). The focus is on simple, concrete objects and food. For example, 'I make dinner' (Bangohan o tsukurimasu) or 'I make a box' (Hako o tsukurimasu). At this stage, learners should focus on the basic Subject-Object-Verb structure and the use of the particle 'o' to mark what is being made. It is one of the first verbs used to describe daily routines and hobbies. Learners are encouraged to use it to describe simple creative acts. The goal is to understand that 'tsukuru' involves a physical result. You aren't just doing an activity; you are ending up with a thing that you created. This distinction helps set the foundation for more complex verbs later on. A1 learners should also practice the past tense 'tsukurimashita' to talk about things they made yesterday, like a sandwich or a drawing. Simple questions like 'Nani o tsukurimasu ka?' (What will you make?) are also essential at this level.

At the A2 level, learners expand their use of '作る' to include more social contexts and basic grammar variations. This includes the concept of 'making friends' (tomodachi o tsukuru) and 'making time' (jikan o tsukuru). Learners also begin to use the potential form '作れる' (tsukureru) to express ability, such as 'I can make sushi.' The casual forms 'tsukuru' (present) and 'tsukutta' (past) are introduced for use with friends and family. A2 students should also become familiar with the '~te iru' form ('tsukutte iru') to describe an action in progress, like 'I am making lunch right now.' Another important aspect at this level is the introduction of compound verbs like 'tsukuri-kata' (how to make/recipe). This allows learners to ask for and give instructions. They also start to see the difference between 'tsukuru' and 'suru' in common phrases, learning that you 'do' homework but 'make' a model. The focus shifts from just 'food and boxes' to a broader range of everyday activities and simple social interactions.

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At the B1 level, '作る' is used in more abstract and nuanced ways. Learners explore idiomatic expressions like 'tsukuri-warai' (a fake smile) and 'saku o tsukuru' (to devise a plan). The grammar becomes more complex, involving the passive form 'tsukurareru' (to be made) and the causative form 'tsukuraseru' (to make someone make something). For example, 'This cake was made by my sister' or 'The teacher made the students make a poster.' B1 learners also start to distinguish between the different kanji for 'tsukuru,' specifically '作' for general things and '造' for large-scale or industrial items like ships and buildings. They learn to use 'tsukuru' in complex sentences with conjunctions, such as 'I made a mistake because I was in a hurry' (though noting that 'suru' is more common for mistakes, 'tsukuru' might appear in specific creative contexts). The focus is on the intention behind the making and the result's impact on others. Learners also begin to use 'tsukuru' in the context of digital creation, like making a blog or a social media profile.

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At the B2 level, '作る' is integrated into professional and formal contexts. Learners are expected to understand the difference between 'tsukuru' and more formal synonyms like 'sakusei suru' (to create a document) or 'seisaku suru' (to produce a film). They use 'tsukuru' to discuss building a career (kyaria o tsukuru) or establishing a foundation (kiban o tsukuru). The nuance of 'craftsmanship' (monozukuri) becomes a topic of discussion, where 'tsukuru' represents the Japanese philosophy of quality and dedication in manufacturing. Grammar usage includes the honorific 'o-tsukuri ni naru' and the humble 'o-tsukuri suru,' which are essential for business interactions. B2 learners should be able to describe complex processes, such as how a law is made or how a company culture is built. They also encounter 'tsukuru' in literature and news reports, where it might describe the 'creation' of a new era or a political movement. The focus is on the word's versatility in shaping not just objects, but environments, systems, and reputations.

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At the C1 level, '作る' is used to explore deep philosophical and literary themes. It appears in discussions about 'making' one's own destiny or the 'construction' of identity. Learners analyze how 'tsukuru' functions in high-level rhetoric, such as in political speeches or academic essays. They are expected to master all kanji variations (作, 造, 創) and understand the subtle differences between them—'創る' (tsukuru) for example, is often used for highly creative, original, or divine creation (like 'creating' a new world or a revolutionary technology). C1 learners can use 'tsukuru' to describe the fabrication of evidence or the 'making' of a legend. They also understand the use of the noun 'tsukuri' to describe the physical build of a person or the architectural style of a building. The focus is on the word's ability to convey intent, artifice, and legacy. At this level, the learner uses 'tsukuru' not just as a verb of action, but as a verb of profound transformation and influence.

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At the C2 level, the mastery of '作る' involves a near-native intuition for its use in every possible register, from the coarsest slang to the most refined poetic language. The learner understands the historical evolution of the word and its role in the Japanese psyche. They can engage in debates about the 'monozukuri' spirit and its impact on global economics. C2 speakers can use 'tsukuru' to describe the subtle 'making' of an atmosphere (fun'iki o tsukuru) in a room or the 'construction' of a complex legal argument. They are aware of rare and archaic uses of the word in classical literature. The distinction between 'making' (tsukuru) and 'becoming' (naru) is explored in a metaphysical sense. At this level, the word is a tool for precision, used to evoke specific emotions or to delineate fine boundaries between reality and artifice. The C2 learner doesn't just use the word; they command it to shape their environment and their interactions with the highest degree of sophistication and cultural awareness.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

作る 30秒了解

Tsukuru is the primary Japanese verb for 'to make' or 'to prepare,' used for everything from cooking to crafting.
It is a Godan verb, meaning its polite form is 'tsukurimasu' and its casual past form is 'tsukutta.'
Beyond physical objects, it is used for social concepts like 'making friends' or 'making time' for someone.
It differs from 'suru' (to do) because it focuses on the creation of a specific result or product.

The Japanese verb 作る (tsukuru) is one of the most fundamental and versatile words in the Japanese language, primarily corresponding to the English verbs 'to make,' 'to produce,' 'to create,' or 'to prepare.' At its core, it describes the act of bringing something into existence that was not there before, or transforming raw materials into a finished product. Whether you are talking about cooking a meal, building a physical object, or even forming abstract concepts like a smile or a relationship, tsukuru is the go-to verb for beginners and advanced speakers alike.

Physical Creation: This refers to using your hands or tools to build something tangible. For example, making a chair from wood or a child making a sandcastle at the beach.
Culinary Preparation: In the context of food, tsukuru specifically means to cook or prepare. While English speakers might say 'I am cooking dinner,' Japanese speakers often say 'I am making dinner' using this verb.

母は毎日おいしい朝ご飯を作ります。
(My mother makes a delicious breakfast every day.)

Beyond the physical, tsukuru extends into the social and emotional realms. It is used when 'making' friends (tomodachi o tsukuru) or 'making' time for someone (jikan o tsukuru). This versatility makes it essential for daily conversation. However, it is important to distinguish it from the verb する (suru), which means 'to do.' While suru focuses on the action itself, tsukuru focuses on the result or the creation of a specific entity. For instance, you 'do' (suru) laundry, but you 'make' (tsukuru) a cake.

新しい友達を作りたいです。
(I want to make new friends.)

In professional settings, tsukuru can describe the production of goods or the creation of documents. While formal terms like sakusei suru (to create/prepare a document) exist, tsukuru remains the common, natural choice in spoken Japanese. It implies a sense of craftsmanship and personal effort, whether the subject is a professional chef or a hobbyist building a model airplane. Understanding the breadth of this verb allows learners to express creativity and productivity in various aspects of Japanese life.

Using 作る (tsukuru) correctly requires an understanding of its conjugation as a Godan (u-verb) and its typical sentence structures. The basic pattern follows the standard Japanese Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order. The object being made is marked with the particle を (o). For example, 'I make a box' becomes 'Watashi wa hako o tsukuru.'

Polite Form (~masu): The dictionary form tsukuru changes to 作ります (tsukurimasu) in polite conversation. This is the form you will use most often with teachers, strangers, or colleagues.
Past Tense (~ta): To say you 'made' something, the verb becomes 作った (tsukutta) in casual speech or 作りました (tsukurimashita) in polite speech. Note the small 'tsu' (っ) in the casual past tense, which is a hallmark of Godan verbs ending in 'ru'.

昨日、カレーを作りました。
(I made curry yesterday.)

When you want to express that you are currently in the process of making something, you use the ~te iru form: 作っています (tsukutte imasu). This is essential for describing ongoing actions. If someone calls you while you are in the kitchen, you would say 'I am making dinner right now' using this form. Additionally, the potential form 作れる (tsukureru) allows you to say you 'can make' something, which is very common when discussing skills or recipes.

私は日本料理が作れます。
(I can make Japanese food.)

Finally, tsukuru is often combined with other verbs to create compound meanings. For example, tsukuri-naosu means 'to remake' or 'to fix by making again.' The noun form tsukuri refers to the 'make' or 'construction' of an object. By mastering these variations, you can describe everything from a simple sandwich to the complex construction of a digital application.

The word 作る (tsukuru) is ubiquitous in Japanese daily life, appearing in a wide variety of social and professional contexts. One of the most common places you will hear it is in the home, specifically the kitchen. Family members will frequently ask, 'What are we making for dinner?' (Bangohan wa nani o tsukuru?) or comment on how a meal was made. In restaurants, you might hear chefs discussing how to 'make' a specific sauce or dish.

In Schools and Workshops: Teachers use tsukuru when instructing students to create art projects, write essays (though 'kaku' is more specific for writing, 'tsukuru' can apply to the overall composition), or build models. It emphasizes the creative process.
In the Tech and Business World: Developers 'make' apps and websites (apuri o tsukuru). Business people 'make' documents or presentations. In these contexts, it signifies the transition from an idea to a functional product.

今、新しいウェブサイトを作っています。
(I am currently making a new website.)

Socially, tsukuru is the standard verb for building relationships. You will hear people talk about 'making friends' (tomodachi o tsukuru) or 'making a boyfriend/girlfriend' (koibito o tsukuru). It is also used in the context of facial expressions; for example, 'tsukuri-warai' refers to a 'made-up' or fake smile. This highlights how the word covers both physical production and the intentional creation of social states or appearances.

彼はいつも笑顔を作っています。
(He is always putting on (making) a smile.)

You will also encounter tsukuru in media and advertising. Slogans often use it to suggest that a company 'makes' a better future or 'makes' happiness for its customers. Because the word is so positive and active, it is a favorite for marketing. Whether you are reading a recipe book, a DIY blog, or a corporate mission statement, tsukuru will be there, representing the human drive to create and improve.

While 作る (tsukuru) is a versatile verb, English speakers often fall into several traps due to direct translation or confusion with similar Japanese verbs. The most common mistake is overusing tsukuru where する (suru) or more specific verbs are required. In English, we 'make a mistake,' but in Japanese, you don't 'tsukuru' a mistake; you 'do' (suru) or 'commit' (okasu) one. Saying 'machigai o tsukuru' sounds like you intentionally manufactured an error.

Tsukuru vs. Suru: Use tsukuru when there is a physical or defined result. Use suru for actions or abstract concepts that don't result in a 'product.' For example, you 'do' (suru) a phone call, you don't 'make' (tsukuru) one.
Kanji Confusion: Learners often struggle with when to use 作 vs. 造. While both are read as tsukuru, 作 is for smaller, everyday items or abstract things (food, friends, poems), while 造 is for large-scale manufacturing (ships, buildings, industrial goods).

❌ 間違いを作った。
✅ 間違いをした。
(I made a mistake.)

Another mistake involves the 'making of people.' In English, you can 'make someone happy.' However, tsukuru cannot be used as a causative verb in this way. You cannot say 'Kanojo o shiawase ni tsukuru.' Instead, you must use the causative form of 'to become' (naru), which is suru: 'Kanojo o shiawase ni suru.' Tsukuru is strictly about creation, not about forcing a state of being upon someone else.

❌ 彼を怒って作った。
✅ 彼を怒らせた。
(I made him angry.)

Lastly, be careful with the word 'prepare.' While tsukuru works for preparing food, it doesn't work for 'preparing for an exam.' For that, you need junbi suru or sonaeru. Using tsukuru in that context would imply you are physically manufacturing the exam itself, rather than studying for it. Paying attention to these nuances will make your Japanese sound much more natural and precise.

Japanese has many verbs that overlap with 作る (tsukuru), each with its own specific nuance. Choosing the right one depends on what is being made, the scale of the production, and the level of formality. Understanding these alternatives will help you move beyond basic Japanese and express yourself with greater sophistication.

造る (Tsukuru): Pronounced the same way, but used for large-scale construction like buildings, ships, or brewing sake. It implies a more industrial or heavy-duty process.
作成する (Sakusei suru): This is a formal 'suru' verb used for creating documents, plans, or digital files. You 'sakusei' a report or a database.
制作する (Seisaku suru): Used for artistic or media production, such as making a movie, a TV show, or a work of art. It emphasizes the creative and professional aspect.

報告書を作成しました。
(I prepared/created the report.)

For cooking, while tsukuru is common, you might also hear 料理する (ryouri suru), which literally means 'to do cooking.' Ryouri suru is more general, while tsukuru often focuses on a specific dish. Another interesting word is こしらえる (koshiraeru), an older or more regional word that implies making something with care and effort, often used for clothes or traditional meals.

映画を制作するのは大変です。
(Producing a movie is difficult.)

In the context of manufacturing, 製造する (seizou suru) is used for mass production in factories. If you are talking about a car company 'making' cars, seizou is the professional term. By learning these distinctions, you can tailor your language to the situation, whether you are chatting with a friend about making lunch or presenting a project at work about creating a new software system.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The kanji 作 consists of the 'person' radical (亻) and the 'work' phonetic (乍). It literally suggests a person performing work or action.

发音指南

UK /tsuː.kʊ.ruː/

US /tsu.ku.ru/

Flat (Heiban) pitch accent in standard Japanese, meaning the pitch stays relatively level.

押韵词

Okuru (to send) Mekuru (to flip) Sakuru (to bloom - rare) Nukuru (to warm - rare) Kukuru (to tie) Sukuru (to rescue - variant) Kuru (to come) Uru (to sell)

常见错误

Pronouncing 'tsu' as 'su'.
Over-emphasizing the 'u' at the end.
Using a hard English 'r' instead of the Japanese tap.
Confusing the pitch with 'tsukuru' (to pick/pluck - though the kanji and context usually differ).
Mispelling the hiragana as 'tukur'.

难度评级

阅读 1/5

The kanji 作 is very common and learned early (Grade 2).

写作 2/5

The kanji has 7 strokes and is relatively easy to write.

口语 1/5

A fundamental verb used in almost every conversation.

听力 1/5

Easy to recognize due to its frequent use.

接下来学什么

前置知识

する (To do) を (Object particle) 料理 (Cooking) 物 (Thing) 友達 (Friend)

接下来学习

造る (To build/brew) 作成する (To create documents) 制作する (To produce art) こしらえる (To prepare/make) 築く (To build foundations)

高级

創造 (Creation) 捏造 (Fabrication) 創作 (Creative work) 製造 (Manufacturing) 製作 (Production)

需要掌握的语法

Godan Verb Conjugation

Tsukuru -> Tsukuri-masu, Tsukutta, Tsukuranai.

Object Particle を

Hako o tsukuru (Make a box).

Potential Form ~eru

Tsukureru (Can make).

Passive Form ~areru

Tsukurareru (To be made).

Causative Form ~aseru

Tsukuraseru (To make someone make).

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按水平分级的例句

私は晩ご飯を作ります。

I make dinner.

Polite present tense 'tsukurimasu'.

母はケーキを作りました。

My mother made a cake.

Polite past tense 'tsukurimashita'.

お弁当を作ってください。

Please make a lunch box (bento).

Request form '~te kudasai'.

何を作っていますか。

What are you making?

Present continuous '~te imasu'.

折り紙で飛行機を作ります。

I will make a plane with origami.

Using 'de' to indicate the material/means.

朝ご飯を作りましたか。

Did you make breakfast?

Question form of the past tense.

サンドイッチを作ろう！

Let's make a sandwich!

Volitional form 'tsukurou'.

犬の家を作りたいです。

I want to make a dog house.

Desire form '~tai'.

日本人の友達を作りたいです。

I want to make Japanese friends.

Using 'tsukuru' for social relationships.

この料理の作り方を教えてください。

Please tell me how to make this dish.

Noun form 'tsukuri-kata' (how to make).

私は自分でお菓子を作れます。

I can make sweets by myself.

Potential form 'tsukureru'.

時間を作って、勉強します。

I will make time and study.

Using 'tsukuru' for abstract concepts like time.

彼は野菜を作っています。

He is growing (making) vegetables.

Using 'tsukuru' for farming/cultivating.

昨日、新しい歌を作った。

I made (composed) a new song yesterday.

Casual past tense 'tsukutta'.

一緒に晩ご飯を作らない？

Won't you make dinner with me?

Negative question as an invitation.

箱をたくさん作らなければなりません。

I must make many boxes.

Must form '~nakereba narimasen'.

彼はいつも作り笑いをしている。

He is always wearing a fake smile.

Compound noun 'tsukuri-warai'.

このお酒は米から作られます。

This sake is made from rice.

Passive form 'tsukurareru'.

先生は生徒に作文を作らせた。

The teacher made the students write (make) an essay.

Causative form 'tsukuraseru'.

新しい計画を作る必要があります。

It is necessary to make a new plan.

Noun + 'hitsuyou ga aru'.

彼は嘘を作って、会社を休んだ。

He made up a lie and took a day off from work.

Using 'tsukuru' for fabrications.

彼女は自分の服を自分で作る。

She makes her own clothes herself.

Reflexive use 'jibun de'.

もっといい思い出を作ろう。

Let's make better memories.

Using 'tsukuru' for memories.

このロボットは日本で作られました。

This robot was made in Japan.

Passive past tense.

彼は自分のキャリアを着実に作っている。

He is steadily building (making) his career.

Abstract usage for career building.

その作家は独特の世界を作っている。

That author creates a unique world.

Creative/Artistic creation.

新しい法律を作るのは時間がかかる。

Making a new law takes time.

Nominalized verb 'tsukuru no'.

会社は新しい市場を作ろうとしている。

The company is trying to create a new market.

Volitional + 'to shite iru' (trying to).

彼はわざと怒った顔を作った。

He intentionally made an angry face.

Intentional creation of an expression.

この町は歴史を大切にして作られた。

This town was built (made) with a respect for history.

Adverbial phrase modifying the passive verb.

彼女は手際よく料理を作り上げた。

She skillfully finished making the meal.

Compound verb 'tsukuri-ageru' (to complete/finish making).

信頼関係を作るには努力が必要だ。

Effort is necessary to build (make) a relationship of trust.

Abstract social construction.

彼は沈黙を作って、聴衆の注意を引いた。

He created a silence to draw the audience's attention.

Creating an atmosphere or state.

その彫刻は、大理石から丹念に作られている。

The sculpture is elaborately made from marble.

Adverb 'tannen ni' (elaborately/painstakingly).

彼は自分の運命を自分で作るべきだと信じている。

He believes he should make his own destiny.

Philosophical usage.

その噂は、誰かが意図的に作ったものだ。

That rumor is something someone made intentionally.

Using 'tsukuru' for fabrications/rumors.

彼は言葉を巧みに作って、真実を隠した。

He skillfully crafted (made) words to hide the truth.

Metaphorical 'making' of language.

この制度は、弱者を守るために作られた。

This system was created (made) to protect the weak.

Systemic/Institutional creation.

彼は、新しい時代の流れを作った一人だ。

He is one of the people who created the flow of a new era.

Historical/Impactful creation.

その詩人は、言葉で美しい風景を作る。

That poet creates beautiful landscapes with words.

Artistic/Evocative usage.

神話は、民族のアイデンティティを作る根源である。

Myths are the source that creates a people's identity.

Foundational/Metaphysical creation.

彼は、自らの虚像をメディアを通じて作り上げた。

He built up a false image of himself through the media.

Psychological/Social construction.

この建築は、光と影のコントラストを計算して作られている。

This architecture is made by calculating the contrast of light and shadow.

Technical/Artistic precision.

彼は、一瞬の隙を作って相手を追い詰めた。

He created a momentary opening and cornered his opponent.

Strategic/Tactical creation.

芸術とは、無から有を作る行為である。

Art is the act of making something from nothing.

Existential definition of creation.

その政治家は、巧みな弁舌で世論を作った。

That politician created public opinion with skillful oratory.

Sociopolitical manipulation.

彼は、過去の自分を捨てて、新しい自分を作ろうとした。

He tried to discard his past self and create a new self.

Self-transformation.

この物語は、緻密な伏線の上に作られている。

This story is built (made) upon meticulous foreshadowing.

Structural/Narrative creation.

近义词

制作する製造するこしらえる作成する

反义词

壊す捨てる

常见搭配

料理を作る

友達を作る

時間を作る

計画を作る

笑顔を作る

列を作る

思い出を作る

書類を作る

野菜を作る

きっかけを作る

常用短语

作り笑い

— A fake or forced smile. Literally 'made-up smile.'

彼女は作り笑いをした。

作り話

— A made-up story or a lie. Often used for fiction or excuses.

それはただの作り話だ。

作り方

— How to make something; a recipe or instructions.

カレーの作り方を知っていますか。

手作り

— Handmade. Used for food, crafts, or gifts.

これは手作りのクッキーです。

作り上げる

— To complete or build up something through effort.

大きなプロジェクトを作り上げた。

作り直す

— To remake or redo something from scratch.

レポートを作り直してください。

作り付け

— Built-in. Usually used for furniture like shelves.

作り付けの棚があります。

作り物

— An artificial or fake object; a fabrication.

この花は作り物です。

作り手

— The maker or creator of something.

作り手の顔が見える野菜。

作り出す

— To invent, create, or bring forth something new.

新しい価値を作り出す。

容易混淆的词

作る vs する (Suru)

Suru is 'to do' (action), Tsukuru is 'to make' (result).

作る vs 使う (Tsukau)

Tsukau means 'to use.' They sound similar but have opposite meanings in a process.

作る vs 着く (Tsuku)

Tsuku means 'to arrive.' Be careful with the pronunciation.

习语与表达

"暇を作る"

— To make free time; to find a moment in a busy schedule.

忙しいが、会う暇を作るよ。

Neutral

"借金を作る"

— To run up a debt; to get into debt.

ギャンブルで借金を作った。

Informal

"罪を作る"

— To commit a sin or do something cruel (often used jokingly).

そんなに食べたら罪を作るよ。

Informal

"山を作る"

— To make a pile or a mountain of something (like work).

机の上に書類の山を作る。

Neutral

"顔を作る"

— To put on a specific facial expression or to put on makeup.

鏡の前で顔を作る。

Neutral

"コネを作る"

— To make connections; to network for personal gain.

業界でコネを作る。

Informal

"巣を作る"

— To build a nest (used for birds or metaphorically for people).

鳥が軒下に巣を作った。

Neutral

"記録を作る"

— To set a record (in sports or other achievements).

彼は世界記録を作った。

Neutral

"場を作る"

— To create an opportunity or a setting for something to happen.

話し合いの場を作る。

Neutral

"型を作る"

— To create a mold or a standard pattern.

新しい製品の型を作る。

Technical

容易混淆

作る vs 造る

Same pronunciation (tsukuru).

Used for large-scale items like ships or buildings, and for brewing alcohol.

日本酒を造る。

作る vs 創る

Same pronunciation (tsukuru).

Used for highly creative, artistic, or divine creation.

新しい文化を創る。

作る vs 作成する

Similar meaning 'to create.'

More formal and specific to documents or digital files.

レポートを作成する。

作る vs 料理する

Both used for cooking.

Ryouri suru is the general act of cooking; tsukuru is making a specific dish.

台所で料理する。

作る vs 組み立てる

Both involve making things.

Kumitateru specifically means to assemble parts.

家具を組み立てる。

句型

[Object] を作ります。

ケーキを作ります。

[Object] の作り方

カレーの作り方

[Material] で [Object] を作る

紙で飛行機を作る。

[Object] が作れる

日本料理が作れる。

[Abstract] を作り上げる

独自のスタイルを作り上げる。

[Concept] を創造する (Advanced Tsukuru)

新秩序を創造する。

[Object] を作ってください。

お茶を作ってください。

[Object] を作りたいです。

友達を作りたいです。

词族

名词

作り (Tsukuri) - Make, construction

制作 (Seisaku) - Production

作成 (Sakusei) - Creation/Preparation

造作 (Zousaku) - Fixtures/Features

动词

作り上げる (Tsukuri-ageru) - To build up

作り直す (Tsukuri-naosu) - To remake

作り出す (Tsukuri-dasu) - To create/invent

作り替える (Tsukuri-kaeru) - To remodel

形容词

作り物めいた (Tsukurimomeita) - Artificial-looking

手作りの (Tezukuri no) - Handmade

如何使用

frequency

Extremely frequent in both spoken and written Japanese.

常见错误

間違いを作る (Machigai o tsukuru) → 間違いをする (Machigai o suru)
In Japanese, you 'do' a mistake, you don't 'make' it like in English.
電話を作る (Denwa o tsukuru) → 電話をする (Denwa o suru)
You 'do' a phone call. 'Denwa o tsukuru' would mean you are manufacturing a telephone.
彼を幸せに作った (Kare o shiawase ni tsukutta) → 彼を幸せにした (Kare o shiawase ni shita)
To make someone a certain way (happy, sad, etc.), use 'suru,' not 'tsukuru.'
テストのために作る (Tesuto no tame ni tsukuru) → テストの準備をする (Tesuto no junbi o suru)
To prepare for an exam, use 'junbi suru.' 'Tsukuru' means you are writing the exam paper.
決定を作る (Kettei o tsukuru) → 決定する / 決定を下す (Kettei suru / Kettei o kudasu)
To make a decision, use 'kimeru' or 'kettei suru.'

小贴士

Particle Choice

Always use 'o' for the thing you are making. If you use 'ga' with the potential form 'tsukureru,' it emphasizes your ability.

Food Context

In the kitchen, 'tsukuru' is your best friend. Use it for snacks, meals, and drinks like coffee.

Making Friends

To say 'make friends,' use 'tomodachi o tsukuru.' It's a very common and natural phrase for students.

Tsukuru vs Suru

If there is a tangible result, use 'tsukuru.' If it's just an action, use 'suru.' Making a cake (tsukuru) vs. doing laundry (suru).

The Person Radical

Remember the person radical on the left of 作. It reminds you that making things is a human activity.

The Tapped R

The 'ru' in 'tsukuru' is not like the English 'r.' Tap your tongue against the roof of your mouth like a 'd'.

Professional Use

In a professional email, 'sakusei suru' sounds more formal than 'tsukuru' when talking about documents.

Making Time

Use 'jikan o tsukuru' when you want to show you are prioritizing someone despite being busy.

Past Tense Spelling

Don't forget the small 'tsu' in 'tsukutta' (作った). It's essential for the correct rhythm and meaning.

Monozukuri

Using 'tsukuru' conveys a sense of creation. In Japan, making things well is highly respected.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine a chef (person radical 亻) working (乍) to 'tsukuru' a delicious soup.

视觉联想

Picture a carpenter's workshop where tools are used to 'tsukuru' a chair.

Word Web

Cooking Crafting Friends Time Plans Memories Handmade Remake

挑战

Try to use 'tsukuru' in three different ways today: once for food, once for a plan, and once for an abstract concept like 'making time'.

词源

The word 'tsukuru' comes from Old Japanese. It is believed to be related to the concept of 'fixing' or 'arranging' materials to form a whole.

原始含义： To put together, to arrange, or to prepare materials.

Japonic

文化背景

No specific sensitivities, but 'tsukuri-warai' can be a sensitive topic regarding social pressure and emotional honesty.

English speakers often use 'make' for mistakes or decisions, but Japanese uses 'suru' or 'kimeru' instead. Be careful not to over-translate.

Monozukuri (The Japanese philosophy of manufacturing) Tezukuri (Handmade culture in Japan) Tsukuri-warai (The social concept of the 'fake smile' in Japanese etiquette)

在生活中练习

真实语境

Cooking

料理を作る
お弁当を作る
夕食を作る
作り方を教える

Crafting/DIY

棚を作る
プラモデルを作る
手作りのおもちゃ
材料で作る

Social

友達を作る
彼女を作る
きっかけを作る
コネを作る

Work/Digital

資料を作る
ウェブサイトを作る
アプリを作る
計画を作る

Abstract

時間を作る
思い出を作る
笑顔を作る
暇を作る

对话开场白

"週末は何の料理を作りますか？ (What food will you make this weekend?)"

"最近、何か手作りしましたか？ (Have you made anything by hand lately?)"

"どうやって友達を作りますか？ (How do you make friends?)"

"得意な料理の作り方を教えてください。 (Please tell me how to make your specialty dish.)"

"新しい趣味を作る予定はありますか？ (Do you have plans to make/start a new hobby?)"

日记主题

今日作った料理について書いてください。 (Write about the food you made today.)

将来、どんなものを作ってみたいですか？ (What kind of things do you want to try making in the future?)

大切な人との思い出をどうやって作りますか？ (How do you make memories with important people?)

仕事や勉強で、どんな資料を作りましたか？ (What kind of materials did you make for work or study?)

手作りのプレゼントをもらったことがありますか？ (Have you ever received a handmade present?)

常见问题

10 个问题

No, in Japanese you use 'suru' (to do) for mistakes. Saying 'machigai o tsukuru' sounds like you made the mistake on purpose.

'Tsukuru' is more common for specific dishes (e.g., making curry), while 'ryouri suru' is the general verb for the activity of cooking.

Use 作る for almost everything. Use 造る for large things like ships or buildings, and 創る for very creative or divine acts.

Yes, farmers and gardeners use 'tsukuru' to mean they are producing or growing crops.

You cannot use 'tsukuru' here. Use 'shiawase ni suru' (literally: to do to a happy state).

Usually 'kaku' (to write) is used, but 'tsukuru' can be used to describe the overall creation of the story or the physical book.

No, use 'denwa o kakeru' or 'denwa o suru.' 'Tsukuru' is not used for calls.

It means a 'made-up smile' or a fake smile, often used to maintain social harmony.

It is a neutral dictionary form. Use '作ります' (tsukurimasu) to be polite.

No, use 'kimeru' or 'kettei suru.' 'Tsukuru' is for physical or social entities, not choices.

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