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A2 verb #2,500 最常用 6分钟阅读

かけます

To hang; to make (a call); to wear (glasses)

kakemasu
At the A1 level, 'kakemasu' is primarily learned in three specific contexts: wearing glasses (megane o kakemasu), making a phone call (denwa o kakemasu), and hanging a coat or picture. It is treated as a 'Group 2' (Ichidan) verb. Students should focus on the fixed phrases rather than the abstract meanings. The focus is on daily routines—getting dressed and using a phone. It's important to note that 'megane' always uses 'kakemasu', unlike other clothing items. You don't 'wear' glasses with 'kiru'; you 'hang' them on your face.
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At the A2 level, the meaning expands to include 'sitting down' (koshi o kakeru) and 'locking' (kagi o kakeru). Learners begin to see 'kakemasu' as a verb of 'application'. You apply a lock to a door, or you apply your weight to a chair. This level also introduces the concept of spending time or money (jikan/okane o kakeru). The distinction between the transitive 'kakemasu' and the intransitive 'kakarimasu' (to take/cost) becomes a major grammar point. A2 students should practice the ~te form (kakete) to connect actions, such as 'hanging up a coat and sitting down'.
At the B1 level, 'kakemasu' enters the realm of social interaction and more complex physical actions. Phrases like 'koe o kakeru' (to call out to someone/start a conversation) and 'meiwaku o kakeru' (to cause trouble) are vital for natural communication. The verb is also used for 'sprinkling' or 'pouring' things like sauce or salt (sōsu o kakeru). Learners should understand the nuance of 'kakeru' as initiating an action that affects someone or something else. It also appears in grammar structures like '~te-kakeru' (to start doing something but stop).
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At the B2 level, 'kakemasu' is used in more idiomatic and formal expressions. This includes 'negai o kakeru' (to make a wish/offer a prayer) and 'inochi o kakeru' (to risk one's life). The mathematical use (multiplication) is fully understood. Learners also encounter the verb in more complex transitive/intransitive pairs and passive constructions (e.g., 'koe o kakerareru' - to be spoken to). The focus shifts to 'register'—knowing when to use 'koshi o kakeru' (formal) versus 'suwaru' (informal) in business or social settings.
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At the C1 level, the subtle nuances of 'kakeru' in literature and high-level discourse are explored. This includes 'hashigo o kakeru' (to set up a ladder, but also metaphorically to provide a bridge/means for someone) and 'maku o kakeru' (to hang a curtain, or to bring something to a close). The verb's role in forming compound verbs (e.g., 'toikakeru' - to ask a question, 'oikakeru' - to chase) is analyzed. C1 learners should be able to use 'kakeru' to describe abstract 'overlaying' of emotions or atmosphere, such as 'fuan o kakeru' (to cause anxiety).
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At the C2 level, 'kakeru' is understood in its most archaic and specialized forms. This includes legal or technical jargon where 'kakeru' might refer to 'levying' taxes or 'imposing' sanctions. The learner can appreciate the wordplay in classical Japanese poetry (Waka) where 'kakeru' might serve as a 'kakekotoba' (pivot word) with multiple meanings simultaneously (e.g., 'to hang' and 'to bet'). Mastery at this level involves using the verb with perfect precision in highly nuanced social situations, such as 'o-me ni kakeru' (the humble form of 'to show/display').
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开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

かけます 30秒了解

  • Primary meanings: Hang, wear glasses, make a call, spend time.
  • Grammar: Transitive verb (Ichidan), usually takes the particle 'o'.
  • Key Phrases: Megane o kakeru, Denwa o kakeru, Jikan o kakeru.
  • Nuance: Implies 'applying' or 'attaching' something to a surface or situation.

The Japanese verb かけます (kakemasu), or its dictionary form かける (kakeru), is often described by linguists as a 'polysemous' powerhouse. In simpler terms, it is a multi-purpose tool that changes its meaning entirely based on the object it interacts with. At its core, the verb conveys the action of 'suspending' something, 'attaching' something, or 'applying' one thing onto another. This fundamental concept of 'extension' or 'application' branches out into dozens of specific everyday uses that learners must master to reach fluency.

1. Physical Suspension (To Hang)
This is the most literal meaning. Whether you are hanging a picture on a wall (e/shashin o kakeru) or a coat on a rack (kōto o kakeru), you are suspending an object from a point. It implies a vertical relationship where the object is supported by something else.
2. Wearing Accessories (To Put On)
In Japanese, different verbs are used for different types of clothing. For items that 'hang' from the bridge of the nose or the ears, such as glasses (megane), we use かけます. This distinguishes it from 'kaburu' (for hats) or 'kiru' (for shirts).
3. Communication (To Make a Call)
When you 'apply' your voice or a signal to the telephone network to reach someone, you use 'denwa o kakeru'. This is the standard way to say 'to call someone' on the phone.

壁にカレンダーをかけます。 (Kabe ni karendā o kakemasu.) - I will hang a calendar on the wall.

— Common A1/A2 Usage

椅子に腰をかけます。 (Isu ni koshi o kakemasu.) - I sit down (literally: hang my lower back) on the chair.

Beyond these, the verb extends into abstract realms like 'spending time' (jikan o kakeru) or 'causing trouble' (meiwaku o kakeru). Because it covers so much ground, it is essential to learn it through collocations—pairs of words that naturally go together—rather than trying to find a single English equivalent.

Using かけます correctly requires understanding its grammatical structure, which is primarily transitive. This means it usually takes a direct object marked by the particle を (o). However, the context of the location often requires the particle に (ni) to indicate where the object is being 'hung' or 'applied'.

  • Basic Pattern: [Object] を かけます。
  • Location Pattern: [Location] に [Object] を かけます。
  • Abstract Pattern: [Resource] を かけて [Action] をします。
Physical Objects

Used for glasses, clothes on hangers, and pictures. Focus on the 'suspension' aspect.

Abstract Concepts

Used for time, money, and effort. Focus on the 'investment' or 'application' aspect.

When talking about sitting, the phrase is koshi o kakeru. This is more formal than suwaru. While suwaru simply means to sit, koshi o kakeru implies a more deliberate action of 'resting' one's hips on a surface. You will often hear this in polite service environments: 'Dōzo o-kake kudasai' (Please have a seat).

In mathematical contexts, 'kakeru' means to multiply. For example, '3 ni 2 o kakeru' (Multiply 3 by 2). This stems from the idea of 'layering' or 'applying' a number multiple times. This versatility makes it a favorite for puns in Japanese media, though learners should focus on the 'wearing' and 'calling' aspects first.

You will encounter かけます in almost every facet of Japanese life, from the mundane to the highly professional. Its frequency in daily conversation is exceptionally high because it covers basic needs like dressing, communicating, and eating.

At the Office
You will hear 'Denwa o kakete mo ii desu ka?' (May I make a phone call?) or 'Kagi o kakemashita ka?' (Did you lock the door?). It is also used when discussing project timelines: 'Jikan o kakete shimaimashita' (We ended up spending a lot of time).
At a Restaurant
Waitstaff might say 'O-koshi o kake ni natte omachi kudasai' (Please have a seat and wait). You might also ask for sauce: 'Sōsu o kakete kudasai' (Please put sauce on it).
At Home
Commonly used when getting ready: 'Megane o kakete dekakemasu' (I'll put on my glasses and head out) or 'Fuku o hangā ni kakete' (Hang your clothes on the hanger).

「ご迷惑をおかけして申し訳ありません。」 (Go-meiwaku o o-kake shite mōshiwake arimasen.)

— A very common humble apology for causing trouble.

In anime or dramas, you'll often hear characters shouting 'Kōgeki o kakero!' (Launch an attack!), where 'kakeru' implies initiating or applying pressure. In romantic contexts, 'koe o kakeru' (to call out to someone / to start a conversation) is a frequent phrase used when someone tries to approach their crush.

Because かけます has so many meanings, the most common mistake is using it where a more specific verb is required, or confusing it with its intransitive counterpart.

  • Mistake 1: Confusing 'Wearing' Verbs

    Learners often use 'kaburimasu' (for hats) or 'shimasu' (for ties/watches) when they mean 'kakemasu' (for glasses). Remember: Glasses 'hang' on your face.

  • Mistake 2: Kakeru vs. Kakarimasu

    'Jikan o kakemasu' means I spend time (active). 'Jikan ga kakarimasu' means it takes time (passive/state). Using the wrong particle (o vs ga) changes the whole meaning.

  • Mistake 3: Sitting (Suwaru vs Kakeru)

    While 'suwaru' is general, 'koshi o kakeru' is specific. You cannot say 'isu o kakemasu' (I hang the chair). It must be 'isu ni koshi o kakemasu' (I hang my hips on the chair).

Another subtle mistake is with 'denwa'. In English, we 'call' a person. In Japanese, you 'apply a call' (denwa o kakeru) to a person (hito ni). So, it's 'Tom-san ni denwa o kakemasu', not 'Tom-san o kakemasu'.

To truly understand かけます, you must see how it sits alongside its synonyms and related verbs. Often, the choice of verb depends on the physical nature of the action.

吊るす (Turusu) vs かける (Kakeru)
'Turusu' specifically means to dangle or suspend something from above (like a lantern or a hanging plant). 'Kakeru' is broader and can include leaning something against a wall or putting it over a hook.
被る (Kaburu) vs かける (Kakeru)
'Kaburu' is for things that cover the head (hats, helmets). 'Kakeru' is for things that rest on the face (glasses, masks - though 'tsukeru' is also used for masks).
費やす (Tsuiyasu) vs かける (Kakeru)
'Tsuiyasu' is a more formal/academic word for 'to spend' or 'to consume' resources. 'Kakeru' is the everyday version for spending time or money.
The 'Application' Family

Verbs like つける (Tsukeru - to attach) and ぬる (Nuru - to paint/spread) overlap with 'kakeru'. Use 'kakeru' when the substance is poured or sprinkled (like salt or sauce), and 'nuru' when it is spread with a tool (like butter).

Finally, in the context of sitting, 座る (Suwaru) is the most common synonym. Use 'suwaru' for the general physical act of sitting anywhere (floor, chair, ground). Use 'koshi o kakeru' specifically for sitting on something elevated like a chair or a bench.

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

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按水平分级的例句

1

めがねをかけます。

I put on/wear glasses.

Direct object 'megane' + 'o' + 'kakemasu'.

2

ともだちにでんわをかけます。

I will call my friend.

The person being called takes the particle 'ni'.

3

かべにしゃしんをかけます。

I hang a photo on the wall.

Wall (kabe) takes 'ni' as the location.

4

コートをかけます。

I hang up my coat.

Standard transitive use.

5

かぎをかけます。

I lock the door.

Idiomatic: 'Applying' the lock.

6

あした、でんわをかけてください。

Please call me tomorrow.

~te kudasai (polite request).

7

めがねをかけています。

I am wearing glasses.

~te imasu indicates a state.

8

ハンガーにふくをかけます。

I hang clothes on a hanger.

Hanger (hangā) is the location 'ni'.

1

いすにこしをかけます。

I sit down on the chair.

Formal way to say 'sit'.

2

じかんをかけてりょうりをつくります。

I take my time to cook.

Jikan o kakeru = to spend time.

3

サラダにソースをかけます。

I put sauce on the salad.

Kakeru used for liquids/powders.

4

おかねをかけていえをなおしました。

I spent money to fix the house.

Okane o kakeru = to spend money.

5

どうぞ、おかけください。

Please, have a seat.

Honorific 'o' + stem + 'kudasai'.

6

ふとんをかけてねます。

I sleep with a futon over me.

Kakeru here means 'to cover'.

7

ラジオをかけます。

I turn on the radio.

Used for playing music/radio.

8

カレンダーをかけかえました。

I changed the calendar.

Kake-kaeru (compound verb): hang and change.

1

しらないひとにこえをかけられました。

I was spoken to by a stranger.

Passive form: koe o kakerareru.

2

かぞくにめいわくをかけたくないです。

I don't want to cause trouble for my family.

Meiwaku o kakeru is a set phrase.

3

なべをひにかけます。

I put the pot on the fire.

Hi ni kakeru = to start cooking.

4

３に５をかけると１５になります。

3 multiplied by 5 is 15.

Mathematical use.

5

ブレーキをかけてください！

Apply the brakes!

Bureiki o kakeru = to brake.

6

てまをかけてつくったさくひんです。

This is a work made with much effort.

Tema o kakeru = to put in effort/labor.

7

アイロンをかけています。

I am ironing.

Airon o kakeru = to iron.

8

じゅうにんにおんがくをきかせようと、レコードをかけました。

I put on a record to let the residents hear music.

Kakeru for playing media.

1

かれはなにごとにもじかんをかけるタイプだ。

He is the type who takes his time with everything.

Character description using 'kakeru'.

2

ほしにねがいをかけます。

I make a wish upon a star.

Negai o kakeru = to pray/wish.

3

いのちをかけて、かぞくをまもります。

I will risk my life to protect my family.

Inochi o kakeru = to risk life.

4

あいてにプレッシャーをかける。

To put pressure on the opponent.

Abstract application of pressure.

5

このえには、かなりのちからをかけています。

I've put a lot of energy into this painting.

Chikara o kakeru = to put strength/energy into.

6

しょうぶにすべてをかける。

I'll bet everything on this match.

Kakeru = to bet/wager.

7

わなにかけられた。

I was caught in a trap.

Wana ni kakeru = to trap (passive here).

8

きんこにカギをかけわすれた。

I forgot to lock the safe.

Compound: kake-wasureru.

1

さいしんのちゅういをはらって、はしごをかける。

With the utmost care, I set up the ladder.

Physical and metaphorical 'bridge building'.

2

じけんのしんそうにきりをおいかける。

To chase the fog surrounding the truth of the incident.

Metaphorical use of compound 'oikakeru'.

3

ことばをなげかける。

To hurl words (address someone directly/sharply).

Nage-kakeru = to cast/throw toward.

4

じぜんじぎょうにたがくのきふをかける。

To commit a large amount of donations to charity.

Formal use for commitment of funds.

5

かんじょうにブレーキをかける。

To put a brake on one's emotions.

Metaphorical braking.

6

まほうをかけられたおじょさま。

The young lady who was put under a spell.

Mahō o kakeru = to cast a spell.

7

さいばんにはんけつをかける。

To bring a judgment to trial.

Legal context.

8

じゅうぜいをかける。

To impose heavy taxes.

Imposing/Levying.

1

このひょうじょうは、ふくざつなじょうねんがかけあわされている。

This expression is a mixture of complex emotions.

Kake-awaseru = to cross/mix.

2

しんけいをすりへらし、いのちをけずって、このさくひんにかけた。

I wore down my nerves and shaved off my life, betting it all on this work.

Extreme commitment.

3

てんかにじょうじゅつをかける。

To apply a stratagem to the world.

Archaic/Literary.

4

おめにかけることができてこうえいです。

I am honored to be able to show this to you.

Kenjōgo (humble) for 'miseru'.

5

ことばのあやをかけて、しんいをかくす。

To hide true intent by weaving figures of speech.

Literary wordplay.

6

ぜいりつをかけなおす。

To recalculate/re-impose the tax rate.

Administrative nuance.

7

きんせんをかける。

To touch the heartstrings.

Koto no kinsen ni kakeru (idiom).

8

てんびんにかける。

To weigh two options (literally: put on a scale).

Idiom for decision making.

常见搭配

めがねをかける (wear glasses)
でんわをかける (make a call)
じかんをかける (spend time)
こしをかける (sit down)
かぎをかける (lock)
めいわくをかける (cause trouble)
こえをかける (call out to)
アイロンをかける (iron)
ブレーキをかける (brake)
そうすをかける (pour sauce)

常用短语

おかけください (Please sit)

めいわくをかけてすみません (Sorry for the trouble)

でんわをかけなおします (I will call back)

じかんをかけてつくりました (I spent time making this)

てまをかける (to take trouble/effort)

ねがいをかける (to make a wish)

なべをひにかける (put pot on fire)

めをかける (to look after someone)

はしごをかける (to set a ladder)

ブレーキをかける (to stop/brake)

容易混淆的词

かけます vs かかります (kakarimasu)

かけます vs かきます (kakimasu)

かけます vs きります (kirimasu)

习语与表达

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容易混淆

かけます vs

かけます vs

かけます vs

かけます vs

かけます vs

句型

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如何使用

calling

Requires 'ni' for the recipient.

glasses

Only 'kakeru' is used for glasses. Never 'kiru' or 'haku'.

sitting

'Koshi o kakeru' is more polite than 'suwaru'.

常见错误
  • Using 'kiru' for glasses.
  • Using 'o' instead of 'ni' for the person being called.
  • Confusing 'kakemasu' (I spend) with 'kakarimasu' (it takes).
  • Saying 'isu o kakeru' instead of 'isu ni koshi o kakeru'.
  • Using 'kakeru' for putting on a hat.

小贴士

Particle Choice

Use 'ni' for the surface you hang things on, and 'o' for the object being hung.

Polite Sitting

When inviting a guest to sit, always use 'Dōzo o-kake kudasai'.

Phone Calls

Remember: [Person] ni denwa o kakeru.

Locking Up

Don't forget to 'kakeru' the key (kagi) when leaving home.

Kanji Choice

When in doubt, use hiragana for 'kakemasu' as it has many kanji variants.

Apologies

Use 'meiwaku o kakete' when you feel your actions have burdened someone.

Multiplication

X ni Y o kakeru = X times Y.

Starting Talk

'Koe o kakeru' is a great way to describe networking or approaching someone.

Ironing

'Airon o kakeru' is the standard phrase for ironing clothes.

Context is King

Always look at the object before the verb to know which 'kakeru' it is.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine 'KAKE' sounds like 'CAKE'. You 'apply' frosting to a cake, just like you 'apply' glasses to your face or 'apply' a call to a phone.

词源

Old Japanese 'kaku', meaning to hook or lean something.

文化背景

Using 'o-kake kudasai' instead of 'suwatte kudasai' shows respect.

Hanging certain items (like a 'teru teru bozu') uses this verb.

The phrase 'meiwaku o kakeru' is used even for small favors.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"めがねをどこにかけましたか？ (Where did you hang/put your glasses?)"

"あとででんわをかけてもいいですか？ (Can I call you later?)"

"このりょうり、ソースをかけますか？ (Do you put sauce on this dish?)"

"どうぞ、こちらにおかけください。 (Please, sit here.)"

"しごとにどのくらいじかんをかけますか？ (How much time do you spend on work?)"

日记主题

きょう、だれにでんわをかけましたか？ (Who did you call today?)

あさ、なにをかけましたか？ (What did you hang/put on this morning?)

じかんをかけてつくったものはなんですか？ (What is something you spent time making?)

さいきん、だれかにめいわくをかけましたか？ (Did you cause trouble for anyone lately?)

なににいちばんおかねをかけますか？ (What do you spend the most money on?)

常见问题

10 个问题

No, use 'kaburu' for hats. 'Kakeru' is for glasses.

'Suwaru' is the general action of sitting. 'Koshi o kakeru' is a more formal expression specifically for sitting on chairs.

Use 'denwa o kiru' (to cut the call).

Yes, it is an Ichidan verb, so the stem is always 'kake'.

Yes, in math, it is the standard word for multiplication.

Use 'jikan o kakeru'.

It means to call out to someone or to start a conversation.

Yes, it is the most common way to say 'to lock' something.

Yes, for pouring or sprinkling sauce or seasoning.

It is a humble way to say 'to show' something to a superior.

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