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B1 adjective #3,000 最常用 5分钟阅读

普遍的

fuhenteki
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示 普遍的 30秒了解
解析 普遍的 in your Level:
普遍的 (fuhenteki) is a big word that means 'for everyone' or 'everywhere.' In simple Japanese, we might say 'minna' (everyone) or 'doko demo' (anywhere). For example, 'Smiling is universal' means everyone in the world smiles. It is a very formal word, so you won't use it when talking to friends about pizza, but you might see it in a book about the world. Think of it as 'World-wide' or 'All-people.'
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At the A2 level, you can understand 普遍的 as a formal way to say 'common to all.' While you usually use 'ippanteki' (general), 普遍的 is used for things that are true for all humans or all of nature. For example, 'The need for water is universal.' You use it with 'na' like an adjective: 'fuhenteki-na.' It helps you talk about big ideas like 'Love' or 'Nature' in a more serious way than just saying 'everyone likes it.'
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As a B1 learner, you should recognize 普遍的 as 'universal.' It is a 'na-adjective.' It describes concepts that transcend specific cultures or time periods. You will see it in news articles about human rights (普遍的人権) or scientific facts. It is different from 'common' (一般的) because 'common' might only apply to one country, but 'universal' applies to the whole world. You should start using this in your writing to express broad, fundamental truths.
At B2, you should be able to use 普遍的 to discuss abstract concepts and academic theories. It implies a philosophical depth. For instance, when analyzing literature, you might discuss the 'universal themes' (普遍的なテーマ) that make a book popular in many different languages. You should also be careful not to confuse it with its homophone '不変的' (unchanging). In business, you might use it to describe a 'universal design' that anyone can use regardless of age or disability.
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C1 learners should master the nuance of 普遍的 in contrast with 'special' (特殊) or 'particular' (個別). In academic or legal Japanese, this word is essential for discussing 'universal values' (普遍的価値) which serve as the basis for international law. You should be able to use it adverbially (普遍的に) to describe how certain laws of physics or logic apply across the board. It is a key term in 'Universalism' (普遍主義) versus 'Relativism' (相対主義).
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At the C2 level, 普遍的 is a tool for precise ontological and metaphysical discussion. You use it to debate the existence of 'universals' in philosophy or the 'universal grammar' in linguistics. You understand that while something is 普遍的, its manifestation might be culturally specific. You can use the word to critique arguments, identifying where a speaker has mistakenly claimed a 'local' value is 'universal.' Your usage should reflect an understanding of its weight in formal rhetoric and high-level academic prose.
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开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

普遍的 30秒了解

  • 普遍的 (fuhenteki) means 'universal' and describes things that apply to everyone, everywhere, without exception or cultural limitation.
  • It is a formal na-adjective used in academic, scientific, and philosophical contexts to discuss fundamental truths and human rights.
  • Common collocations include 'universal truth' (普遍的な真理) and 'universal value' (普遍的な価値), often appearing in serious news or literature.
  • It is pronounced the same as 不変的 (unchanging), but 普遍的 focuses on wide applicability rather than just the lack of change over time.

The term 普遍的 (fuhenteki) is a sophisticated na-adjective in Japanese that translates to 'universal.' At its core, it describes something that is not limited by time, space, or specific circumstances. When we call a concept 普遍的, we are asserting that it applies to everyone, everywhere, and at all times. This word is deeply rooted in philosophical and academic contexts but has found its way into daily high-level discourse, especially when discussing human rights, scientific laws, or artistic beauty. Unlike the word 'common' (一般的), which suggests something happens often, 普遍的 suggests a fundamental truth that cannot be escaped or ignored by any member of a group or the human race.

Etymology
The first kanji 普 means 'wide' or 'general,' while 遍 means 'everywhere' or 'to circulate.' Combined with the suffix 的, it literally means 'having the quality of reaching everywhere widely.'
Scope
It covers physical laws (gravity), biological needs (hunger), and abstract values (freedom).
Nuance
It implies a sense of permanence and absolute applicability that 'general' or 'popular' lacks.

数学の法則は、国や文化を問わず普遍的なものである。(Mathematical laws are universal, regardless of country or culture.)

愛は人類にとって普遍的なテーマだ。(Love is a universal theme for humanity.)

このデザインには普遍的な美しさがある。(This design possesses a universal beauty.)

科学は普遍的な真理を追究する学問だ。(Science is a discipline that pursues universal truths.)

変化は唯一の普遍的な事実である。(Change is the only universal fact.)

Using 普遍的 correctly requires understanding its role as a na-adjective. This means you will almost always see it followed by the particle 'na' (な) when modifying a noun, or 'ni' (に) when used as an adverb. Because it is a formal word, it is rarely used in casual slang but is frequent in essays, news reports, and business presentations. When you use it, you are making a strong claim about the nature of the subject. For example, saying a problem is 普遍的 suggests that it isn't just your problem, but a problem everyone faces. It is often paired with abstract nouns like 'truth' (真理), 'value' (価値), 'rights' (権利), and 'appeal' (魅力).

Grammar Pattern 1
[Noun] + は + 普遍的 + だ/です (The noun is universal).
Grammar Pattern 2
普遍的 + な + [Noun] (A universal noun).
Grammar Pattern 3
普遍的 + に + [Verb] (To do something universally).

In professional writing, you might use it to describe a market trend that isn't just a fad. If a design style works in Tokyo, New York, and Paris, it has 普遍的な魅力 (universal appeal). If a moral code is expected of all employees regardless of their branch location, it is a 普遍的なルール (universal rule). It is the opposite of 'individual' (個別的) or 'special' (特殊な). If something only applies to one person or one situation, it cannot be 普遍的.

You will encounter 普遍的 in several specific environments. First, in the realm of Philosophy and Ethics. Discussions about 'Universal Human Rights' (普遍的人権) are common in political science and law. Second, in Science and Mathematics. Laws of nature, like gravity or thermodynamics, are described as 普遍的 because they function the same way throughout the known universe. Third, in Art and Literature Criticism. A critic might say a story has 'universal appeal' because its themes of loss or triumph resonate with people from any culture. Finally, in Business Strategy. Companies often look for 'universal needs' (普遍的なニーズ) to create products that can be sold globally without major modifications.

If you watch NHK News or read the Asahi Shimbun, you will see this word used to describe global issues like climate change or the digital divide. It carries a weight of seriousness. If a politician says a problem is 普遍的, they are trying to build consensus by suggesting that everyone is in the same boat. In academic lectures at universities, professors use it to distinguish between 'local phenomena' and 'universal laws.' Listening for this word will help you identify the core principles being discussed in complex Japanese content.

The most frequent mistake learners make is confusing 普遍的 (fuhenteki - universal) with 不変的 (fuhenteki - unchanging). Notice that they are pronounced exactly the same way! However, their meanings and kanji are different. 普遍的 (Universal) uses the kanji for 'everywhere,' while 不変的 (Unchanging) uses the kanji for 'no change.' While universal truths are often unchanging, the focus of 普遍的 is on space and population (it applies to everyone), whereas 不変的 focuses on time (it doesn't change over years). Another mistake is using it where 'common' (一般的) or 'normal' (普通) would be more appropriate. You wouldn't say 'Eating breakfast is a universal habit' in a casual way; that sounds too robotic and academic. Use 'common' for social habits and 'universal' for fundamental principles.

Additionally, learners sometimes forget the 'na' (な) when using it as an adjective. Remember: 普遍的な価値, not 普遍的価値 (though the latter is sometimes used as a compound noun in very formal writing, the 'na' is safer for learners). Finally, avoid overusing it. If you call every small thing 'universal,' it loses its impact. Reserve it for things that truly transcend boundaries.

To truly master 普遍的, you must understand its synonyms and how they differ. 一般的 (Ippanteki) is the most common synonym, meaning 'general' or 'common.' Use this for things that most people do or think (e.g., 'It is general knowledge'). 共通 (Kyōtsū) means 'common' or 'shared' between specific parties. You might have a 'shared interest' (共通の趣味) with a friend, but that interest isn't 'universal' (普遍的) to all humans. 全人類的 (Zenjinruiteki) specifically refers to 'all of humanity.' This is even more specific than universal, as universal could apply to animals or physical objects too. 包括的 (Hōkatsuteki) means 'comprehensive' or 'all-inclusive,' focusing on the breadth of a category rather than the fundamental nature of the truth.

On the flip side, understanding the antonyms is equally helpful. 特殊 (Tokushu) means 'special' or 'specific.' If a rule only applies to one person, it is 特殊, not 普遍的. 個別 (Kobetsu) means 'individual' or 'separate.' In data analysis, you look for the 普遍的 trends across the whole dataset versus the 個別 outliers. By comparing these words, you can see that 普遍的 sits at the top of the hierarchy of 'broadness,' representing the ultimate level of applicability.

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Na-adjective conjugation

Adverbial formation with ~ni

Compound nouns (Noun + 的)

Formal copula (である)

Transitive/Intransitive verbs related to 'spreading'

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按水平分级的例句

1

この音楽は、世界中で人気があり、普遍的です。

This music is popular all over the world and is universal.

普遍的 + です (Simple predicate)

2

「ありがとう」という言葉は、普遍的な気持ちです。

The word 'thank you' is a universal feeling.

普遍的 + な + noun

3

普遍的なルールは、みんなが守ります。

Everyone follows universal rules.

普遍的 + な + noun

4

愛は、普遍的なテーマです。

Love is a universal theme.

普遍的 + な + noun

5

太陽が昇ることは、普遍的な事実です。

The sun rising is a universal fact.

普遍的 + な + noun

6

お腹が空くのは、普遍的なことです。

Getting hungry is a universal thing.

普遍的 + な + noun

7

普遍的な美しさを探しましょう。

Let's look for universal beauty.

普遍的 + な + noun

8

この考えは、普遍的ではありません。

This idea is not universal.

普遍的 + ではない (Negative)

1

普遍的な価値観を持つことは大切です。

It is important to have universal values.

普遍的 + な + noun

2

数学は普遍的な言語だと言われています。

Mathematics is said to be a universal language.

普遍的 + な + noun

3

この映画には、普遍的な魅力があります。

This movie has universal appeal.

普遍的 + な + noun

4

普遍的な真理を見つけるのは難しいです。

Finding universal truth is difficult.

普遍的 + な + noun

5

人間の感情は、ある程度、普遍的です。

Human emotions are, to some extent, universal.

Adverbial phrase + 普遍的

6

普遍的なデザインの服は、誰にでも似合います。

Clothes with a universal design suit anyone.

普遍的 + な + noun

7

科学の法則は、どこでも普遍的に適用されます。

Scientific laws are applied universally everywhere.

普遍的 + に (Adverb)

8

普遍的な教育を受ける権利があります。

There is a right to receive a universal education.

普遍的 + な + noun

1

人権は、すべての人間にとって普遍的なものです。

Human rights are something universal for all human beings.

普遍的 + な + もの

2

古典文学は、普遍的な人間性を描いています。

Classical literature depicts universal humanity.

普遍的 + な + noun

3

普遍的な問題を解決するために、協力が必要です。

Cooperation is necessary to solve universal problems.

普遍的 + な + noun

4

この理論は、普遍的な妥当性を持っています。

This theory has universal validity.

普遍的 + な + noun

5

普遍的な美の基準は存在するのでしょうか。

Do universal standards of beauty exist?

普遍的 + な + noun

6

彼は、普遍的な正義を信じています。

He believes in universal justice.

普遍的 + な + noun

7

普遍的なニーズに応える製品を開発する。

Develop products that meet universal needs.

普遍的 + な + noun

8

その習慣は、日本だけでなく普遍的に見られます。

That custom is seen universally, not just in Japan.

普遍的 + に (Adverb)

1

この哲学者は、普遍的な道徳法則を提唱した。

This philosopher proposed a universal moral law.

普遍的 + な + noun

2

普遍的なアクセスを保証することが、現代の課題だ。

Guaranteeing universal access is a modern challenge.

普遍的 + な + noun

3

文化の違いを超えた普遍的なシンボルを使用する。

Use universal symbols that transcend cultural differences.

普遍前 + な + noun

4

普遍的な真理を追求する姿勢が、研究者には求められる。

Researchers are required to have an attitude of pursuing universal truths.

普遍的 + な + noun

5

その物語のテーマは、時代を超えて普遍的である。

The theme of that story is universal across eras.

普遍的 + である (Formal copula)

6

普遍的な価値観の衝突が、国際紛争の原因になることもある。

Conflicts of universal values can sometimes cause international disputes.

普遍的 + な + noun

7

普遍的な原理に基づいた設計を行う。

Perform design based on universal principles.

普遍的 + な + noun

8

普遍的に受け入れられている理論を再検討する。

Re-examine a universally accepted theory.

普遍的 + に (Adverb)

1

普遍的人権の概念は、啓蒙思想に端を発している。

The concept of universal human rights originates in Enlightenment thought.

普遍的 + noun (Compound noun style)

2

特定の文化に縛られない普遍的な倫理を構築する。

Construct a universal ethic not bound by specific cultures.

普遍的 + な + noun

3

普遍的妥当性を欠く主張は、学術的には認められない。

Claims lacking universal validity are not academically recognized.

普遍的 + noun (Formal)

4

グローバル化は、普遍的な価値の浸透を加速させた。

Globalization accelerated the penetration of universal values.

普遍的 + な + noun

5

普遍的な視点から歴史を捉え直す必要がある。

It is necessary to re-evaluate history from a universal perspective.

普遍的 + な + noun

6

数学的真理は、経験を超越した普遍的な性質を持つ。

Mathematical truths have a universal nature that transcends experience.

普遍的 + な + noun

7

普遍的な宗教的感情について考察する。

Consider universal religious sentiments.

普遍的 + な + noun

8

この現象は、普遍的な法則の例外ではない。

This phenomenon is not an exception to the universal law.

普遍的 + な + noun

1

カントの定言命法は、普遍的な道徳律の確立を目指したものである。

Kant's categorical imperative aimed at establishing a universal moral law.

普遍的 + な + noun

2

普遍的実在論と個体論の対立は、中世哲学の主要な論点であった。

The conflict between universal realism and nominalism was a major point of medieval philosophy.

普遍的 + noun (Academic compound)

3

言語の深層構造には、普遍的な文法が内在しているという仮説がある。

There is a hypothesis that a universal grammar is inherent in the deep structure of language.

普遍的な + noun

4

普遍的価値の追求は、しばしば文化相対主義からの批判に晒される。

The pursuit of universal values is often exposed to criticism from cultural relativism.

普遍的 + noun

5

超越論的な立場から、普遍的な認識の可能性を論じる。

Discuss the possibility of universal cognition from a transcendental standpoint.

普遍的 + な + noun

6

普遍的な理性の働きを前提とした社会契約説を考察する。

Consider social contract theory based on the premise of the workings of universal reason.

普遍的 + な + noun

7

普遍的必然性を有する真理のみが、真の科学的知識と言える。

Only truths possessing universal necessity can be called true scientific knowledge.

普遍的 + noun (Complex compound)

8

芸術の極致は、特殊な経験の中に普遍的な真実を昇華させることにある。

The pinnacle of art lies in sublimating universal truths within specific experiences.

普遍的 + な + noun

近义词

一般的 全般的 万能 共通 一様

反义词

特殊的 個別的 限定的

常见搭配

普遍的な真理
普遍的な価値
普遍的な美
普遍的な魅力
普遍的な法則
普遍的な人権
普遍的なテーマ
普遍的なニーズ
普遍的な妥当性
普遍的な正義

常用短语

普遍的な存在
普遍的に通用する
普遍的な教育
普遍的な言語
普遍的な原理
普遍的な基準
普遍的な真実
普遍的な愛
普遍的な課題
普遍的な事実

容易混淆的词

普遍的 vs 不変的

普遍的 vs 一般的

普遍的 vs 普通的

习语与表达

"普遍の真理"
"普遍妥当性"
"普遍的人権"
"普遍主義"
"普遍概念"
"普遍集合"
"普遍文法"
"普遍定数"
"普遍論争"
"普遍的意志"

容易混淆

普遍的 vs

普遍的 vs

普遍的 vs

普遍的 vs

普遍的 vs

句型

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如何使用

nuance

普遍的 implies a lack of exceptions, whereas 一般的 allows for exceptions.

formality

Highly formal; avoid in casual speech unless joking about being 'deep'.

homophone warning

普遍的 (Universal) vs 不変的 (Unchanging).

常见错误
  • Confusing 普遍的 with 不変的 (unchanging).
  • Using 普遍的 for 'popular' or 'trendy'.
  • Forgetting the 'na' in 普遍的な.
  • Using it in casual conversation where it sounds too stiff.
  • Confusing it with 'comprehensive' (including everything) vs 'universal' (applying to everything).

小贴士

Academic Writing

When writing an essay, use 普遍的 to elevate your vocabulary. It shows you are thinking about broad principles rather than just specific examples. This is highly valued in Japanese academic culture.

Pitch Accent

Keep the pitch flat. If you emphasize the 'hen', it might sound like you are saying 'strange' (hen). Practice saying 'fu-hen-te-ki' in a steady tone.

Global Issues

This is the perfect word for discussing global warming, human rights, or the internet. It frames the issue as something that affects every human being on Earth.

Na-Adjective Rule

Always remember the 'na'. 'Fuhenteki na shinri' (Universal truth). Without the 'na', the sentence will feel broken to a native speaker.

Kanji Meaning

Focus on the second kanji 遍. It means 'to go around' or 'everywhere'. If you see this kanji in other words, they usually involve something spreading or being everywhere.

Avoid Slang

Do not use this word in casual settings like 'This ramen is universal.' It sounds weird. Use 'popular' or 'everyone likes it' instead.

News Keywords

When you hear this word on the news, pay attention to the noun that follows. It will tell you what the 'core theme' of the news report is.

Contrast with Ippanteki

If you are unsure, use 一般的. Only use 普遍的 if you are 100% sure there are no exceptions to what you are saying.

Visual Association

Associate this word with the 'UN' (United Nations). They deal with 普遍的 human rights and 普遍的 peace.

Compound Nouns

In very high-level writing, you can drop the 'na' to form compound nouns like 普遍的価値. This is common in philosophy books.

记住它

词源

Sino-Japanese compound used to translate Western philosophical concepts of 'universal' during the Meiji era.

文化背景

Used by news anchors when discussing global crises like pandemics.

Extremely common in university entrance exams (EJU/JLPT N1).

Used when presenting global strategies to show a product's wide appeal.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"世界に普遍的な価値観はあると思いますか？ (Do you think there are universal values in the world?)"

"普遍的な美しさとは何でしょうか？ (What is universal beauty?)"

"数学が普遍的な言語だという意見に賛成ですか？ (Do you agree that math is a universal language?)"

"時代が変わっても普遍的なものは何ですか？ (What things remain universal even as times change?)"

"普遍的な人間の悩みは何だと思いますか？ (What do you think are universal human worries?)"

日记主题

Write about a 'universal truth' you discovered in your life.

Discuss whether you think 'freedom' is a universal right or culturally defined.

Describe a piece of art that you think has universal appeal.

Reflect on a time you felt a universal human emotion in a foreign country.

Analyze a 'universal rule' in your workplace or school.

常见问题

10 个问题

一般的 (ippanteki) means 'general' or 'common' and refers to what is usually the case. 普遍的 (fuhenteki) means 'universal' and refers to what is always true for everyone, everywhere. 普遍的 is much more formal and absolute. It is used for laws of nature and human rights.

Not really. Saying 'Pizza is a universal food' sounds like a scientific or philosophical statement in Japanese. It's better to say 'Pizza is popular worldwide' (世界中で人気がある). Use 普遍的 for deeper concepts like 'The need for food is universal.'

It is pronounced 'fu-hen-te-ki'. The pitch accent is usually flat (heiban), meaning you keep your voice at a steady level throughout the word. Be careful not to confuse it with 'unchanging' which sounds the same.

It is common in 'serious' daily life, such as reading the news, watching documentaries, or having deep conversations. You won't hear it much in casual chats about weather or shopping, but it's essential for N1/N2 level Japanese.

The kanji are 普 (wide/general), 遍 (everywhere), and 的 (attribute). Together they mean 'having the quality of being everywhere widely.' It's a great word to learn for kanji practice.

The noun form is 普遍 (fuhen), meaning 'universality.' You can also use 普遍性 (fuhensei) to mean 'the property of being universal.' For example, 'The universality of this theory' (この理論の普遍性).

Yes, you can say 普遍的ではない (is not universal) or use the antonyms like 特殊 (special/specific) or 個別 (individual). It depends on what you want to emphasize.

It is called ユニバーサルデザイン (yunibāsaru dezain) using katakana, but you can describe it as 普遍的なデザイン to explain the concept in formal Japanese.

It applies to both, but primarily to 'scope' (space and population). It means it applies across all groups. 'Unchanging' (不変) applies specifically to time.

Yes, very often. Scientific constants and laws are described as 普遍的 because they don't change regardless of where you are in the universe.

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/ 180 correct

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