소외되다 30秒了解

  • To be marginalized or excluded from a group or society.
  • Feeling left out and not belonging.
  • Can be social, economic, or political.
  • Often results in feelings of isolation and detachment.

Understanding "소외되다" (So-oe-doe-da)

The Korean verb 소외되다 (so-oe-doe-da) translates to 'to be marginalized,' 'to be excluded,' or 'to be isolated.' It describes a state where an individual or a group is left out, not included, or feels disconnected from a larger community, society, or a specific group. This exclusion can be social, economic, political, or emotional. It's a powerful word that conveys a sense of being on the fringes, not part of the main body, and often implies a negative experience for the person or group who is 소외되다.

Social Exclusion
This is perhaps the most common context. It refers to individuals being left out of social gatherings, conversations, or activities. Imagine a new student in class who doesn't get invited to parties or sit with anyone at lunch; they are experiencing social exclusion.
Economic Marginalization
This involves being deprived of economic opportunities, resources, or fair participation in the economy. For instance, certain communities might be overlooked for job creation or investment, leading them to be economically marginalized.
Political Disenfranchisement
When certain groups are denied political rights, representation, or their voices are not heard in decision-making processes, they can become politically marginalized. This can lead to feelings of powerlessness and alienation.
Cultural or Identity-Based Exclusion
Individuals belonging to minority ethnic groups, sexual orientations, or those with different cultural practices might find themselves 소외되다 if the dominant culture does not embrace or understand them. This can manifest in discrimination or simply a lack of integration.

The elderly living alone can often feel 소외되다.

It's important to note that 소외되다 is a passive verb, meaning the subject is the recipient of the action of being excluded. It implies that something or someone else is doing the excluding, whether intentionally or unintentionally. The feeling associated with being 소외되다 is often one of loneliness, sadness, and a lack of belonging.

New immigrants often struggle with language barriers and may 소외되다 in their new society.

Understanding the nuances of 소외되다 helps in comprehending social dynamics and the challenges faced by various groups within a society. It's a term frequently used in discussions about social justice, community building, and the importance of inclusivity.

Societal Issues
This word is commonly used in news reports, sociological studies, and discussions about social problems. For example, articles might discuss how certain demographics are 소외되다 in the job market or how the elderly can feel 소외되다 in a rapidly changing world.
Personal Experiences
Individuals may use this word to describe their personal feelings of isolation or being excluded from a particular group or situation. It can be a way to articulate a deep sense of loneliness or not belonging.

Constructing Sentences with "소외되다"

Using 소외되다 correctly involves understanding its passive nature and the contexts in which it applies. As a verb, it typically follows a subject that is experiencing the exclusion. The verb itself is in its dictionary form. When conjugating, it will follow standard Korean verb conjugation rules, often appearing in past tense (소외되었다) or present tense (소외됩니다).

Basic Sentence Structure
Subject + (Topic Marker) + (Reason/Cause) + 소외되다 (conjugated).
Examples of Conjugation
* Past Tense: 저는 그 모임에서 소외되었습니다. (I felt excluded from that meeting.)
* Present Tense (Polite): 그들은 사회적으로 소외되고 있습니다. (They are being socially marginalized.)
* Informal Past Tense: 아이는 친구들에게 소외됐어. (The child was excluded by their friends.)

The new policy caused many small businesses to 소외되다.

When expressing the reason for exclusion, you can use particles like '-때문에' (because of) or phrases that indicate the cause.

Using Connectors
* 언어 장벽 때문에 외국인들은 종종 소외되는 느낌을 받습니다. (Because of language barriers, foreigners often feel excluded.)
* 그는 성격이 내성적이어서 친구들 사이에서 소외되기 쉬웠습니다. (Because his personality was introverted, it was easy for him to be excluded among friends.)

The rapid technological advancements mean that those who don't adapt can 소외되다.

You can also use it to describe a state or condition that has already occurred, emphasizing the ongoing nature of the exclusion.

Describing a State
* 이 지역은 개발에서 소외되어 있습니다. (This region has been marginalized from development.)
* 그녀는 그룹 내에서 소외된 채로 지내야 했다. (She had to live feeling excluded within the group.)

Practicing with different sentence structures and contexts will help solidify your understanding and usage of this important vocabulary word.

Real-World Usage of "소외되다"

소외되다 is a word that permeates various aspects of Korean society, from formal discussions to everyday conversations. Its usage reflects a societal awareness of inclusion and exclusion, and it's a term you'll frequently encounter in specific domains.

News and Media
News reports often use 소외되다 when discussing social issues. You'll see headlines and articles about how certain communities are 소외되고 (being marginalized) in economic development, how elderly populations are 소외되다 (excluded) due to technological advancements, or how minority groups might feel 소외되는 (excluded) in political discourse.
Academic and Sociological Discussions
In sociology, psychology, and political science, 소외되다 is a key term for analyzing social stratification, inequality, and the psychological impact of exclusion. Researchers study the causes and consequences of groups 소외되는 phenomena.
Discussions about Vulnerable Groups
Conversations about the elderly, people with disabilities, low-income families, immigrants, and other potentially vulnerable populations frequently employ 소외되다. For instance, people might discuss how the disabled are 소외되다 in public spaces or how children from underprivileged backgrounds can 소외되다 in educational settings.

The government aims to prevent citizens from 소외되는 by providing social welfare programs.

In everyday life, while perhaps less frequently used for minor social slights, it can be used to describe more significant feelings of being left out of a community or a significant social circle.

Workplace and Organizational Settings
Employees might feel 소외되다 if they are not included in important meetings, if their opinions are consistently ignored, or if there's a lack of team cohesion. This can lead to decreased morale and productivity.
Educational Environments
In schools and universities, students can feel 소외되다 if they are not part of social cliques, if they struggle academically and don't receive adequate support, or if they are bullied. Teachers and administrators often work to prevent students from 소외되는.

The company implemented programs to ensure no employee felt 소외되다.

Listening to Korean dramas, movies, or news will provide ample opportunities to hear and understand the natural usage of 소외되다 in various situations.

Avoiding Pitfalls with "소외되다"

While 소외되다 is a straightforward verb, learners can sometimes make mistakes due to confusion with similar concepts or incorrect conjugation. Being aware of these common errors can significantly improve your accuracy.

Confusing Passive with Active Voice
The most frequent mistake is trying to use 소외되다 as an active verb, implying the subject is doing the excluding. Remember, 소외되다 means 'to be excluded' or 'to be marginalized,' meaning the subject is the one experiencing the exclusion. For example, saying '나는 친구를 소외시켰다' (I excluded my friend) would use a different verb like '소외시키다' (to exclude someone). The correct usage for the feeling of being excluded is '나는 친구들에게 소외되었다' (I was excluded by my friends).
Incorrect Conjugation
Like any verb, 소외되다 needs to be conjugated correctly based on tense, politeness level, and sentence ending. Beginners might forget to conjugate it at all, or use the wrong ending. For instance, ending a sentence with the dictionary form '소외되다' is incorrect in most contexts. Always use conjugated forms like '소외됩니다' (polite present), '소외되었다' (past tense), or '소외될 것이다' (future tense).
Overusing it for Minor Social Awkwardness
While it can describe feeling left out, 소외되다 is generally used for more significant or persistent feelings of exclusion or marginalization. For a brief moment of awkwardness in a conversation, other phrases might be more appropriate. It implies a deeper sense of being on the outside looking in.

Mistake: 그는 파티에서 친구를 소외되다. (Incorrect - trying to use passive as active)

Consider the intended meaning: are you the one doing the excluding, or are you the one being excluded? This distinction is crucial.

Confusing with Similar Concepts
While 'isolated' or 'lonely' might seem similar, 소외되다 specifically implies being left out by a group or society. '외롭다' (to be lonely) is a more general feeling of being alone, whereas '소외되다' is about the active or passive process of being excluded from a collective. '고립되다' (to be isolated) can also be similar, but often refers to a more physical or circumstantial isolation, whereas 소외되다 is more about social or systemic exclusion.
Not Considering the Subject
The subject of the sentence must be the entity that is experiencing the exclusion. For example, 'The elderly' (노인들은) are the ones who might feel excluded. So, '노인들은 사회에서 소외됩니다' is correct. Incorrectly making the society the subject performing the action of exclusion using this verb form is a common error.

Correct: The new student felt 소외되다 in the classroom.

By being mindful of these common mistakes, you can use 소외되다 more accurately and effectively in your Korean communication.

Nuances and Alternatives to "소외되다"

While 소외되다 is a precise term for marginalization and exclusion, other Korean words carry similar or related meanings. Understanding these nuances allows for more varied and accurate expression.

외롭다 (oe-rop-da) - To be lonely
Meaning: This verb describes the feeling of being alone, sad, and missing companionship. It's a more general emotional state.
Difference from 소외되다: One can feel 외롭다 even when surrounded by people, simply due to a lack of deep connection. 소외되다 specifically implies being left out or excluded from a group or society, often by external factors. You can be 외롭다 without being 소외되다, and vice versa, though they can overlap.
Example: 혼자 사는 노인은 종종 외로움을 느낀다. (Elderly people living alone often feel lonely.) vs. 그들은 사회적으로 소외되었습니다. (They were socially marginalized.)
고립되다 (go-rip-doe-da) - To be isolated
Meaning: This verb means to be separated from others, often due to circumstances, geographical distance, or a deliberate choice to withdraw. It can imply a physical or social separation.
Difference from 소외되다: 고립되다 can be voluntary or involuntary, and doesn't always carry the same negative connotation of being systematically excluded. One might choose to be 고립되다 for personal reasons, whereas 소외되다 is almost always an imposed state. For instance, a hermit might be 고립되다, but not necessarily 소외되다 in a societal sense.
Example: 병 때문에 그는 집 안에 고립되었습니다. (Because of the illness, he became isolated indoors.) vs. 경제적 어려움으로 인해 많은 사람들이 소외되고 있다. (Due to economic difficulties, many people are being marginalized.)

He felt 소외되다 from his colleagues at work.

무시되다 (mu-si-doe-da) - To be ignored
Meaning: This means to be disregarded, overlooked, or not paid attention to. It's about one's presence or input being disregarded.
Difference from 소외되다: Being ignored can be a component of feeling 소외되다, but it's not the entirety of it. You can be ignored in a single instance, while 소외되다 implies a more systemic or persistent state of being on the fringes. If your ideas are consistently dismissed in meetings, you might feel 무시되다, and this could lead to feeling 소외되다 from the decision-making process.
Example: 그의 의견은 회의에서 무시되었습니다. (His opinion was ignored in the meeting.) vs. 그는 팀 활동에서 소외되는 느낌을 받았다. (He felt excluded from team activities.)
배제되다 (bae-je-doe-da) - To be excluded/excluded from a list
Meaning: This verb means to be kept out, left out, or excluded, often from a formal group, list, or process. It's a direct synonym for exclusion.
Difference from 소외되다: 배제되다 is very close in meaning and often interchangeable with 소외되다, particularly in formal contexts. However, 소외되다 often carries a stronger sense of the resulting feeling of marginalization or alienation, while 배제되다 can be a more neutral description of the act of exclusion itself. 배제되다 can also specifically refer to being removed from a list or roster.
Example: 그는 최종 명단에서 배제되었습니다. (He was excluded from the final list.) vs. 사회적 약자들은 종종 정책 결정 과정에서 소외되다. (Socially vulnerable people are often marginalized from policy-making processes.)

Choosing the right word depends on the specific nuance you wish to convey: the general feeling of loneliness (외롭다), the state of being separate (고립되다), being overlooked (무시되다), or the act of being formally excluded (배제되다), versus the broader societal or group marginalization and its impact (소외되다).

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The concept of '소외' (exclusion) is a significant topic in Korean sociology and philosophy. The term is often used to discuss the pressures of conformity within Korean society and the challenges faced by individuals or groups who deviate from the norm. The feeling of being '소외되다' can be particularly acute in a culture that highly values group harmony and belonging.

发音指南

UK /so.uɛ.dɛ.da/
US /so.uɛ.deɪ.da/
Stress in Korean is generally flatter than in English, with no strong emphasis on any single syllable. However, the intonation might slightly rise on the second syllable ('외') and fall on the last syllable ('다').
押韵词
되다 (doe-da) 보이다 (bo-i-da) 쓰이다 (sseu-i-da) 하다 (ha-da) 가다 (ga-da) 오다 (o-da) 주다 (ju-da) 받다 (bat-da)
常见错误
  • Mispronouncing the '외' (oe) diphthong as a simple 'wae' or 'wi'. It's a distinct sound that requires practice.
  • Running the syllables together too much, losing the clarity of each part.
  • Applying English stress patterns, which can make the word sound unnatural.

难度评级

阅读 4/5

The word '소외되다' and its related concepts are frequently encountered in news articles, social commentary, and academic texts discussing societal issues. Understanding the nuances requires grasping the context of social exclusion and marginalization, which can be complex.

写作 4/5

Using '소외되다' accurately in writing, especially in formal contexts, requires a good understanding of its passive nature and the specific situations that lead to exclusion. Differentiating it from similar words like '고립되다' or '무시되다' is important for precise expression.

口语 3/5

While the pronunciation is manageable, using '소외되다' appropriately in spoken conversation requires awareness of the social context. It's a word that carries emotional weight and is typically used for significant feelings of exclusion rather than minor social awkwardness.

听力 4/5

In Korean media and discussions about social issues, '소외되다' is commonly used. Recognizing it in context and understanding the speaker's intent regarding marginalization or exclusion is key to comprehension.

接下来学什么

前置知识

사회 (society) 그룹 (group) 사람 (person) 느낌 (feeling) 외롭다 (to be lonely) 친구 (friend) 가족 (family) 무리 (group/crowd)

接下来学习

배제되다 (to be excluded) 고립되다 (to be isolated) 무시되다 (to be ignored) 외면당하다 (to be overlooked) 따돌림받다 (to be ostracized) 통합되다 (to be integrated) 포용하다 (to embrace/include)

高级

사회적 자본 (social capital) 불평등 (inequality) 차별 (discrimination) 소수자 (minority) 주류 (mainstream) 양극화 (polarization)

需要掌握的语法

Passive Voice (-되다)

Many Korean verbs ending in '-되다' indicate a passive state or transformation. '소외되다' is a prime example, meaning 'to become excluded' or 'to be excluded'.

Gerund Form (-는 것, -기)

The gerund forms can nominalize the verb, allowing it to function as a subject or object. For example, '소외되는 것' (the act of being excluded) can be the subject of a sentence.

Connecting Clauses (-면서, -고)

These connectors are used to link simultaneous or sequential actions/states. '그는 무시되면서 소외되었다' (He was excluded while being ignored).

Expressing Purpose (-도록, -지 않도록)

This structure is used to state the purpose of an action, often to prevent a negative outcome. '모두가 소외되지 않도록 노력했습니다' (We tried so that no one would be excluded).

Expressing Feelings (-다고 느끼다, -는 느낌)

These patterns are used to describe the subjective experience of emotions. '그는 소외되는 느낌을 받았다' (He received the feeling of being excluded).

按水平分级的例句

1

나는 혼자 있어.

I am alone.

Simple statement of being alone.

2

친구가 없어.

I don't have friends.

Simple negation of having friends.

3

나는 놀지 못했어.

I couldn't play.

Past tense of 'cannot play'.

4

아무도 나에게 말하지 않았어.

Nobody talked to me.

Past tense of 'not talk'.

5

나는 슬퍼.

I am sad.

Simple adjective describing emotion.

6

나는 그룹에 들어가지 못했어.

I couldn't join the group.

Past tense of 'cannot join'.

7

모두 나를 보지 않았어.

Everyone didn't look at me.

Past tense negation with 'everyone'.

8

나는 외로워.

I am lonely.

Simple adjective describing loneliness.

1

새로운 반에서 나는 좀 소외되는 느낌이었어.

In the new class, I felt a bit excluded.

Using the '-는 느낌' (feeling of) structure with the gerund form.

2

그는 친구들이 많지 않아서 소외되는 것 같았어.

He seemed to be excluded because he didn't have many friends.

Using '-는 것 같았어' (seemed to be) with the gerund form.

3

우리 동네는 다른 지역에 비해 발전이 늦어서 소외되고 있어요.

Our neighborhood is being excluded compared to other areas because development is slow.

Using the '-고 있다' (is/are -ing) structure to describe an ongoing state.

4

할머니는 혼자 계셔서 소외되시는 것 같아요.

It seems like Grandma is excluded because she is alone.

Using honorifics with the gerund form and '-는 것 같아요' (it seems).

5

이 프로젝트에서 나는 소외되었어.

I was excluded from this project.

Simple past tense of the verb.

6

문화 차이 때문에 외국인들이 소외되기 쉬워요.

It's easy for foreigners to be excluded due to cultural differences.

Using '-기 쉽다' (is easy to).

7

그는 새로운 환경에 적응하지 못해 소외되었던 경험이 있어요.

He has the experience of having been excluded because he couldn't adapt to the new environment.

Past perfect tense '-었던' with the verb.

8

사회적으로 소외되는 사람들을 돕고 싶어요.

I want to help people who are socially excluded.

Using the gerund form as an adjective modifying 'people'.

1

경제적 어려움으로 인해 많은 사람들이 사회적으로 소외되곤 한다.

Due to economic difficulties, many people tend to be socially excluded.

Using '-곤 하다' to express a recurring or habitual action/state.

2

그는 자신의 의견이 항상 무시되면서 소외되는 느낌을 강하게 받았다.

He strongly felt excluded as his opinions were always ignored.

Using '-면서' (while/as) to connect two clauses describing concurrent states.

3

기술 발전에서 뒤처진 노인들이 소외되지 않도록 교육 프로그램을 제공해야 합니다.

We must provide educational programs so that the elderly who fall behind in technological advancement are not excluded.

Using '-지 않도록' (so that not) to express purpose.

4

지역 사회의 일원으로서 소외되는 경험은 누구에게나 고통스러울 수 있다.

The experience of being excluded as a member of the community can be painful for anyone.

Using the gerund form as a noun phrase, further modified by '경험' (experience).

5

정치적 참여에서 소외된 소수 집단은 불만을 표출했다.

Minority groups excluded from political participation expressed their dissatisfaction.

Using the past participle '-ㄴ/은' as an adjective modifying '집단' (group).

6

그는 자신의 목소리가 무시되고 소외된다고 느꼈다.

He felt that his voice was being ignored and he was being excluded.

Using '-고' to connect two verbs describing parallel feelings, followed by '-다고 느끼다' (to feel that).

7

학교에서는 학생들이 소외되지 않도록 다양한 활동을 장려해야 한다.

Schools should encourage various activities so that students are not excluded.

Using '-도록' (so that) with a negative verb to express prevention.

8

이러한 정책은 특정 계층이 소외되는 결과를 초래할 수 있다.

Such policies can lead to the result of certain classes being excluded.

Using the gerund form as a noun phrase, followed by '결과를 초래하다' (to cause a result).

1

사회 구조적인 문제로 인해 특정 집단이 소외되는 현상은 심각하게 다루어져야 한다.

The phenomenon of certain groups being marginalized due to structural societal problems must be dealt with seriously.

Using '-는 현상' (the phenomenon of) to nominalize the action.

2

그는 자신의 능력이 제대로 인정받지 못하고 소외된다고 느껴 동기 부여가 저하되었다.

He felt that his abilities were not properly recognized and that he was being excluded, leading to a decrease in motivation.

Using '-다고 느끼다' (to feel that) with two parallel negative states and connecting to the consequence using '-어/아' form.

3

디지털 격차는 정보 접근성을 제한하여 많은 사람들을 소외시키는 요인이 되고 있다.

The digital divide is becoming a factor that excludes many people by limiting access to information.

Using the active form '소외시키다' (to exclude) to show the digital divide as the agent.

4

지역 주민들의 의견이 반영되지 않아 개발 계획에서 소외되는 사례가 빈번하다.

Cases of being excluded from development plans are frequent because the opinions of local residents are not reflected.

Using '-는 사례가 빈번하다' (cases of ... are frequent).

5

그는 동료들과의 관계에서 소외되었던 경험을 바탕으로 팀워크의 중요성을 역설했다.

Based on his experience of being excluded from relationships with colleagues, he emphasized the importance of teamwork.

Using '-었던 경험을 바탕으로' (based on the experience of having been).

6

문화적 다양성을 존중하지 않는 사회는 필연적으로 특정 집단을 소외시키게 마련이다.

A society that does not respect cultural diversity inevitably tends to exclude certain groups.

Using '-게 마련이다' (is bound to/inevitably) with the active verb '소외시키다'.

7

정책 입안자들은 소외되는 계층의 목소리에 귀 기울여야 할 책임이 있다.

Policy makers have a responsibility to listen to the voices of the marginalized classes.

Using the gerund form as an adjective modifying '계층' (class/stratum).

8

그녀는 자신이 속한 커뮤니티에서 소외되는 느낌을 떨쳐버릴 수 없었다.

She couldn't shake off the feeling of being excluded from the community she belonged to.

Using '-는 느낌을 떨쳐버릴 수 없었다' (couldn't shake off the feeling of).

1

포용적인 사회를 만들기 위해서는 모든 구성원이 소외되지 않도록 제도적 노력이 뒷받침되어야 한다.

To create an inclusive society, institutional efforts must be supported so that all members are not marginalized.

Using '-도록' (so that) with a negative verb and '-이/가 뒷받침되어야 한다' (must be supported).

2

그는 자신의 창의적인 아이디어가 조직 내에서 묵살되면서 소외감을 느꼈고, 결국 사직을 결심했다.

He felt a sense of alienation as his creative ideas were dismissed within the organization, and he eventually decided to resign.

Using '소외감' (feeling of alienation) and '-면서' (as/while) to link cause and effect.

3

글로벌화는 기회와 동시에 특정 계층을 소외시키는 양극화 현상을 심화시킬 수 있다.

Globalization, along with opportunities, can deepen the polarization phenomenon that marginalizes certain classes.

Using '-는 양극화 현상을 심화시키다' (to deepen the polarization phenomenon that...).

4

역사적으로 특정 소수 민족들이 사회의 주류에서 소외되어 왔으며, 이는 심각한 사회적 갈등의 원인이 되었다.

Historically, certain ethnic minorities have been marginalized from the mainstream of society, and this has become a cause of serious social conflict.

Using '-어/아 오다' (have been doing/occurring) to indicate a continuous past action leading to the present.

5

그는 자신의 지적 능력이 과소평가되고 소외됨으로써 좌절감을 느꼈고, 이는 그의 직무 만족도를 현저히 떨어뜨렸다.

He felt frustration as his intellectual abilities were underestimated and he was marginalized, which significantly lowered his job satisfaction.

Using '-ㅁ' nominalization with the past participle and '-으로써' (as/by means of) to express the cause of frustration.

6

디지털 문해력 부족은 정보화 사회에서 소외되는 주요 원인 중 하나로 지적된다.

Lack of digital literacy is pointed out as one of the main reasons for being marginalized in an information-based society.

Using '-으로 지적된다' (is pointed out as).

7

소외된 계층의 사회 통합을 위해서는 단순히 경제적 지원을 넘어선 다각적인 접근이 요구된다.

For the social integration of marginalized classes, a multifaceted approach beyond mere economic support is required.

Using '소외된 계층' (marginalized classes) as a noun phrase.

8

문화적 동질성을 강요하는 정책은 이질적인 문화를 가진 집단이 소외되는 결과를 초래할 수 있다.

Policies that enforce cultural homogeneity can lead to the result of groups with heterogeneous cultures being marginalized.

Using '-는 결과를 초래하다' (to cause the result of).

1

전 지구적 경제 시스템 하에서 발생하는 소득 불균형은 필연적으로 특정 국가 및 집단을 소외시키는 구조적 모순을 내포하고 있다.

Income inequality arising under the global economic system inevitably contains structural contradictions that marginalize certain countries and groups.

Using '-는 구조적 모순을 내포하다' (to contain structural contradictions that...).

2

그는 자신의 정치적 신념이 조직의 주류에서 배척되면서 소외감을 넘어선 깊은 고립감과 무력감을 토로했다.

He expressed deep feelings of isolation and powerlessness, beyond alienation, as his political beliefs were rejected from the organizational mainstream.

Using '-감을 넘어선' (beyond the feeling of) and '-을 토로하다' (to express/confess).

3

문화 간의 상호 이해 부족은 오해와 편견을 야기하며, 이는 결국 타문화권의 사람들이 소외되는 결과를 초래할 수 있다.

A lack of understanding between cultures causes misunderstandings and prejudices, which can ultimately lead to the result of people from other cultures being marginalized.

Using '-는 결과를 초래하다' (to cause the result of) with a complex causal chain.

4

기술 혁신의 속도를 따라가지 못하는 개인이나 집단은 정보 접근성 및 사회 참여 기회 측면에서 점점 더 소외될 위험에 처해 있다.

Individuals or groups unable to keep up with the pace of technological innovation are at risk of becoming increasingly marginalized in terms of information access and social participation opportunities.

Using '-ㄹ 위험에 처해 있다' (is in danger of) with '-점점 더' (increasingly).

5

사회적 약자에 대한 편견과 차별은 그들이 사회의 주류로부터 영구히 소외되는 구조적 장벽을 형성할 수 있다.

Prejudice and discrimination against the socially vulnerable can form structural barriers that permanently marginalize them from the mainstream of society.

Using '-이/가 영구히 소외되다' (to be permanently marginalized) and '구조적 장벽을 형성하다' (to form structural barriers).

6

그는 자신이 속한 공동체 내에서 소외되었던 과거의 경험을 반추하며, 타인에 대한 공감 능력을 함양하는 것이 얼마나 중요한지를 절감했다.

Reflecting on his past experience of being marginalized within the community he belonged to, he keenly felt how important it is to cultivate empathy for others.

Using '-었던 과거의 경험을 반추하다' (to reflect on past experience of having been) and '-는지 절감하다' (to keenly feel/realize).

7

새로운 기술이나 트렌드에 대한 이해 부족은 개인을 급변하는 사회 환경 속에서 고립시키고 소외되게 만드는 주요 요인이 될 수 있다.

A lack of understanding of new technologies or trends can be a major factor that isolates individuals and makes them marginalized in a rapidly changing social environment.

Connecting two parallel consequences using '-고' and '-게 만들다' (to make someone do/become).

8

권력 구조의 불균형은 필연적으로 특정 집단이 의사결정 과정에서 소외될 수밖에 없는 구조적 한계를 야기한다.

Imbalances in the power structure inevitably cause structural limitations where certain groups have no choice but to be marginalized from the decision-making process.

Using '-ㄹ 수밖에 없는' (have no choice but to) and '구조적 한계를 야기하다' (to cause structural limitations).

近义词

따돌림당하다 격리되다 배제되다

反义词

포용되다 참여하다

常见搭配

사회적으로 소외되다
경제적으로 소외되다
정치적으로 소외되다
집단에서 소외되다
소외되는 느낌
소외되다 싶다
소외되다
소외되기 쉽다
소외되는 것을 막다
소외되다

常用短语

소외되는 느낌

— A feeling of being left out, excluded, or alienated from a group or situation.

새로운 학교에서 나는 소외되는 느낌을 받았다. (I felt a sense of exclusion in the new school.)

사회적으로 소외되다

— To be marginalized from society, often due to economic status, background, or other social factors.

경제적 어려움으로 많은 사람들이 사회적으로 소외되고 있다. (Many people are being socially marginalized due to economic difficulties.)

집단에서 소외되다

— To be excluded or left out from a specific group, such as a club, team, or social circle.

그는 동료들 사이에서 집단에서 소외되는 기분을 느꼈다. (He felt excluded from the group among his colleagues.)

소외되지 않도록

— In order not to be excluded or marginalized; to ensure inclusion.

모든 학생이 소외되지 않도록 선생님은 노력했다. (The teacher tried so that no student would be excluded.)

소외되다 싶다

— To feel as if one is being excluded or left out. Often used in informal contexts.

모두가 나를 빼놓고 이야기해서 소외되는 것 같았다. (It felt like I was being excluded because everyone was talking without me.)

소외되다

— The basic verb form, meaning to be marginalized, excluded, or isolated.

기술 발전에서 뒤처진 노인들이 소외될 수 있다. (Elderly people left behind in technological advancement can be marginalized.)

소외되다

— To be excluded from a process, opportunity, or decision-making.

그는 중요한 회의에서 소외되었다. (He was excluded from the important meeting.)

소외되다

— To be ostracized or treated as an outsider.

그녀는 독특한 생각 때문에 동료들에게 소외되었다. (She was excluded by her colleagues because of her unique ideas.)

소외되다

— To be neglected or overlooked, leading to a feeling of exclusion.

아이들의 필요가 소외되지 않도록 주의해야 한다. (Care must be taken so that children's needs are not neglected.)

소외되다

— To be left out of mainstream trends or developments.

새로운 문화 트렌드에서 소외되는 것을 원치 않았다. (I didn't want to be left out of the new cultural trends.)

容易混淆的词

소외되다 vs 외롭다 (oe-rop-da)

'외롭다' means 'to be lonely,' which is a general feeling of being alone. '소외되다' specifically implies being excluded or marginalized by a group or society, often with a sense of injustice or lack of belonging.

소외되다 vs 고립되다 (go-rip-doe-da)

'고립되다' means 'to be isolated,' which can be due to circumstances or choice, and doesn't always imply active exclusion by others. '소외되다' emphasizes being pushed out or left out of a collective.

소외되다 vs 무시되다 (mu-si-doe-da)

'무시되다' means 'to be ignored' or 'disregarded.' While being ignored can contribute to feeling '소외되다,' '소외되다' is a broader concept of marginalization and exclusion from a group.

习语与表达

"낙동강 오리알 신세가 되다"

— This idiom literally means to become a duck egg of the Nakdong River, implying a state of being abandoned, left helpless, or in a precarious and excluded situation. It strongly conveys the feeling of being 소외되다.

회사가 파산하면서 많은 직원들이 낙동강 오리알 신세가 되었다. (As the company went bankrupt, many employees were left in a helpless and excluded situation.)

Informal, Figurative
"왕따가 되다"

— This idiom specifically refers to being ostracized or bullied by peers, particularly in school settings, leading to a state of extreme social exclusion. It's a more direct and harsh form of being 소외되다 among younger people.

새 학년에 적응하지 못해 그는 결국 왕따가 되었다. (Unable to adapt to the new school year, he eventually became an outcast.)

Informal, Common in school contexts
"그림자 취급을 받다"

— Literally 'to be treated as a shadow,' this idiom means to be ignored, overlooked, or treated as if one is invisible. It signifies a deep sense of being excluded from notice and interaction.

그녀는 회의에서 그림자 취급을 받았다. (She was treated like a shadow in the meeting.)

Figurative, Neutral
"찬밥 신세가 되다"

— This idiom means to be treated coldly, neglected, or disregarded, much like cold leftover rice (찬밥). It implies being unwelcome or less valued than others, leading to exclusion.

새로운 직원이 오면서 그는 찬밥 신세가 되었다. (As a new employee arrived, he was treated coldly/neglected.)

Figurative, Informal
"찬물 끼얹다"

— This idiom means 'to dampen someone's spirits' or 'to put a damper on things.' While not directly about exclusion, it can be used in situations where someone's enthusiasm or participation is met with negativity, indirectly leading to a feeling of being excluded from positive engagement.

그의 비판적인 발언은 모두의 즐거운 분위기에 찬물을 끼얹었다. (His critical remarks poured cold water on everyone's cheerful mood.)

Figurative, Neutral
"외톨이가 되다"

— To become a loner or an outcast. This emphasizes the state of being alone and separated from others, often as a result of exclusion.

친구들이 모두 떠난 후 그는 외톨이가 되었다. (After all his friends left, he became a loner.)

Figurative, Neutral
"찬바람을 맞다"

— Literally 'to face the cold wind,' this idiom means to be met with indifference, coldness, or rejection. It implies a lack of warmth and acceptance, leading to a feeling of being excluded.

그의 제안은 회사에서 찬바람을 맞았다. (His proposal was met with indifference by the company.)

Figurative, Neutral
"투명인간 취급을 받다"

— Similar to 'treated as a shadow,' this means 'to be treated as if one is invisible.' It signifies complete disregard and exclusion from social interaction.

그녀는 파티에서 투명인간 취급을 받았다. (She was treated as if she were invisible at the party.)

Figurative, Neutral
"남의 일처럼 듣다"

— To listen as if it's someone else's problem, implying a lack of engagement or empathy. This can lead to others feeling excluded from shared concern.

그들은 내 어려움을 남의 일처럼 들었다. (They listened to my difficulties as if they were someone else's problem.)

Figurative, Neutral
"곁눈질하다"

— To glance sideways, often out of suspicion, envy, or to observe discreetly. While not directly about exclusion, it can be part of the social dynamics where someone feels excluded and observes others from the periphery.

그녀는 친구들이 자신을 곁눈질하는 것을 느꼈다. (She felt her friends glancing sideways at her.)

Figurative, Neutral

容易混淆

소외되다 vs 외롭다

Both words describe negative feelings related to lacking connection.

'외롭다' (lonely) describes a feeling of being alone and missing companionship. '소외되다' (to be marginalized/excluded) describes the state of being left out or pushed out of a group or society, often by external forces. You can be lonely without being excluded, and you can be excluded without feeling lonely (though often they go together).

혼자 사는 할머니는 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>외로워</mark> 하신다. (Grandma, who lives alone, feels lonely.) vs. 그는 새로운 회사에서 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>소외되는</mark> 느낌을 받았다. (He felt excluded in the new company.)

소외되다 vs 고립되다

Both imply separation from others.

'고립되다' (to be isolated) can refer to physical separation, being cut off, or a voluntary withdrawal. It doesn't necessarily imply active exclusion by a group. '소외되다' (to be marginalized/excluded) specifically means being left out or pushed to the fringes of a group or society, often due to social or systemic reasons.

지진으로 인해 마을 전체가 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>고립되었다</mark>. (The entire village became isolated due to the earthquake.) vs. 그는 집단 따돌림으로 인해 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>소외되었다</mark>. (He was marginalized due to bullying.)

소외되다 vs 무시되다

Being ignored is often a component of being excluded.

'무시되다' (to be ignored/disregarded) means one's presence, words, or actions are not acknowledged. '소외되다' (to be marginalized/excluded) is a broader state of being on the periphery of a group or society. You can be ignored in a single instance without being fully marginalized, but continuous ignoring can lead to '소외되다'.

그의 의견은 회의에서 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>무시되었다</mark>. (His opinion was ignored in the meeting.) vs. 그는 회의에서 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>소외되는</mark> 느낌을 받았다. (He felt excluded from the meeting.)

소외되다 vs 배제되다

Both mean 'to be excluded.'

'배제되다' (to be excluded) is a direct synonym and often interchangeable with '소외되다.' However, '소외되다' tends to carry a stronger connotation of the resulting feeling of alienation and marginalization, while '배제되다' can be a more neutral description of the act of exclusion itself, especially in formal contexts like being removed from a list or process.

그는 최종 명단에서 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>배제되었습니다</mark>. (He was excluded from the final list.) vs. 사회적 약자들은 종종 정책 결정에서 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>소외되곤 합니다</mark>. (Socially vulnerable people are often marginalized from policy-making.)

소외되다 vs 따돌림받다

Both refer to negative treatment within a group.

'따돌림받다' (to be ostracized/bullied) specifically refers to being actively mistreated, ganged up on, or isolated by peers, especially common in school settings. '소외되다' (to be marginalized/excluded) is a broader term that can encompass intentional ostracism but also more systemic or unintentional exclusion from a group or society.

그 아이는 학교에서 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>따돌림을 받고</mark> 집에 오지 않았다. (That child didn't come home because they were being ostracized at school.) vs. 그는 회사의 새로운 문화에 적응하지 못해 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>소외되는</mark> 느낌을 받았다. (He felt excluded from the company's new culture because he couldn't adapt.)

句型

A2

Subject + -에서 + 소외되다.

나는 그 모임에서 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>소외되었어</mark>.

A2

Subject + -는 느낌이다.

새로운 반에서 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>소외되는 느낌</mark>이야.

B1

Subject + (Reason) + -기 쉽다.

내성적인 사람은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>소외되기 쉽다</mark>.

B1

Subject + -도록.

모두가 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>소외되지 않도록</mark> 노력해야 해.

B2

Subject + -는 현상.

경제적 불평등으로 인한 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>소외되는 현상</mark>이 심각하다.

B2

Subject + -다고 느끼다.

그는 자신의 의견이 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>무시되고 소외된다고 느꼈다</mark>.

C1

Subject + -을/를 넘어선.

단순한 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>소외감을 넘어선</mark> 깊은 고립감을 느꼈다.

C1

Subject + -는 결과를 초래하다.

이 정책은 특정 계층을 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>소외시키는 결과를 초래할 수 있다</mark>.

词族

名词

소외 (so-oe) - exclusion, marginalization (noun form)
소외감 (so-oe-gam) - feeling of alienation/exclusion

动词

소외되다 (so-oe-doe-da) - to be marginalized/excluded
소외시키다 (so-oe-si-ki-da) - to marginalize/exclude someone (active form)

相关

따돌림받다 (to be ostracized)
무시되다 (to be ignored)
외면당하다 (to be overlooked)
고립되다 (to be isolated)
배제되다 (to be excluded)

如何使用

frequency

Common, especially in discussions about social issues and personal feelings of exclusion.

常见错误
  • Using '소외되다' as an active verb, implying the subject is doing the excluding. The subject is the one being excluded. Use '소외시키다' for the active form.

    Mistake: '나는 친구를 소외시켰다.' (I excluded my friend.) Correct: '나는 친구들에게 소외되었다.' (I was excluded by my friends.) Or, '그 정책은 특정 집단을 소외시켰다.' (That policy excluded certain groups - using the active form).

  • Incorrect conjugation, e.g., using the dictionary form '소외되다' at the end of a sentence. Always conjugate the verb according to tense, politeness level, and sentence ending.

    Mistake: '그는 파티에서 소외되다.' Correct: '그는 파티에서 소외되었다.' (He was excluded from the party.) or '그는 파티에서 소외됩니다.' (He is excluded from the party - polite).

  • Confusing '소외되다' with '외롭다' (lonely) or '고립되다' (isolated) without understanding the nuances. Understand that '소외되다' implies exclusion from a group or society, '외롭다' is a feeling of being alone, and '고립되다' is being physically or circumstantially separated.

    Using '소외되다' when simply feeling lonely is inaccurate. '그녀는 외롭다고 느꼈지만, 소외된 것은 아니었다.' (She felt lonely, but she wasn't excluded.)

  • Overusing '소외되다' for minor social awkwardness instead of significant exclusion. Reserve '소외되다' for situations involving genuine marginalization or exclusion from a group or society.

    Saying 'I felt a bit excluded because no one talked to me for five minutes' might be better expressed with other phrases, while 'He felt excluded from the project team for months' is a clear case for '소외되다'.

  • Using '소외되다' to describe a voluntary act of distancing oneself. '소외되다' implies being the recipient of exclusion, not the initiator or someone choosing isolation.

    If someone chooses to live alone in the mountains, they are '고립되었다' (isolated) or '혼자 산다' (lives alone), not necessarily '소외되었다' unless they are being actively pushed out by society despite their wishes.

小贴士

Mastering the '외' Sound

The Korean diphthong '외' (oe) can be tricky for English speakers. It's not quite 'way' and not quite 'oi'. Practice by starting with an 'o' sound and smoothly transitioning to an 'e' sound. Think of the 'o' in 'go' and the 'e' in 'bed', and blend them. Repetition with native speakers or audio resources is key for '소외되다'.

Passive vs. Active

Remember that '소외되다' is a passive verb meaning 'to be excluded.' If you want to express the action of excluding someone, use the active verb '소외시키다.' For example, 'The policy excluded the poor' would be '그 정책은 가난한 사람들을 소외시켰다.'

Emotional Weight

'소외되다' carries significant emotional weight, often implying loneliness and sadness. Avoid using it for trivial social awkwardness. Reserve it for situations where there is a genuine sense of being left out or marginalized from a group or society.

Visual Associations

Create vivid mental images for '소외되다.' Imagine a single person standing outside a warm, inviting circle of people, or a lone tree separated from a vibrant forest. Associating the word with strong visuals can aid recall.

Group Harmony

Korean culture often values group harmony. Understanding this cultural context helps explain why '소외되다' is a significant concept. The feeling of being excluded can be particularly painful in a society that emphasizes belonging.

Sentence Building

Actively create your own sentences using '소외되다' in various contexts. Try describing different scenarios: feeling excluded at school, being marginalized in a community, or witnessing someone else's exclusion. This hands-on practice is crucial.

Distinguishing Similar Words

Learn the subtle differences between '소외되다,' '외롭다' (lonely), '고립되다' (isolated), and '무시되다' (ignored). Understanding these distinctions will help you express yourself more precisely in Korean.

Listen to Media

Pay attention to how '소외되다' is used in Korean news, dramas, and movies. Observing its natural usage in context will greatly improve your comprehension and ability to use it correctly.

Empathy and Inclusion

Use your understanding of '소외되다' to foster empathy. Consider how you can contribute to making groups and society more inclusive, ensuring that fewer people experience this negative feeling.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine a group of people holding hands in a circle, forming a warm, inclusive 'O'. Now, picture one person standing far outside the circle, looking sad and cold, with the word 'SO' (like 'so far away') written on their shirt. This person is 'SO' far from the circle, they are '외' (outside) and '되' (become) excluded. SO-외-되-다.

视觉联想

Picture a single, lonely tree standing far away from a lush forest. The forest represents the group or society, and the lone tree is '소외된' (excluded). Or, imagine a party where everyone is inside a brightly lit house, and one person is left standing outside in the dark, looking in through the window.

Word Web

Exclusion Marginalization Isolation Alienation Left out Outsider Fringe Ostracized

挑战

Write three sentences describing different scenarios where someone might feel '소외되다'. Focus on varying the context (e.g., workplace, social gathering, family event).

词源

The word '소외되다' is derived from the Hanja (Chinese characters) used in Korean. '소외' (疏外) itself is composed of two characters: '소' (疏) meaning 'sparse,' 'thin,' or 'distant,' and '외' (外) meaning 'outside' or 'external.' Together, they literally mean 'to be distant from the outside' or 'to be on the outside and sparse,' directly conveying the idea of being separated and not part of the main group.

原始含义: The original meaning of 疏外 was to keep at a distance, to exclude, or to neglect. When attached to the passive verb ending '되다' (to become), it forms '소외되다,' meaning 'to become excluded' or 'to be in a state of being distant/outside.'

Korean (influenced by Chinese characters - Hanja)

文化背景

When discussing '소외되다,' it's important to be sensitive to the emotional impact of exclusion. The word conveys a strong sense of loneliness and lack of belonging, which can be deeply hurtful. Avoid using it lightly for minor social awkwardness; reserve it for situations where genuine marginalization or exclusion is occurring.

In English-speaking cultures, while exclusion and marginalization are also significant issues, the emphasis might sometimes be more on individualism. The direct translation 'marginalized' or 'excluded' captures the meaning, but '소외되다' carries a cultural weight related to the specific societal dynamics of Korean society.

The movie 'Parasite' (기생충) depicts themes of social stratification and how characters from lower socioeconomic backgrounds can feel '소외된' from the opportunities and lifestyle of the wealthy. Discussions surrounding the experiences of North Korean defectors often highlight their struggles with '소외감' (feeling of alienation) and '소외되다' (being excluded) in South Korean society. Many Korean dramas explore storylines where characters face social exclusion or bullying, using '소외되다' or related terms to describe their plight.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Social gatherings and parties where someone might not be included in conversations or activities.

  • 모두가 나를 빼놓고 이야기해서 소외되는 것 같았어.
  • 그녀는 파티에서 혼자 있었고 소외되는 느낌을 받았다.
  • 새로운 사람들과 어울리지 못해 소외되지 않으려고 노력했다.

Workplace dynamics, where an employee might be excluded from important meetings or projects.

  • 그는 중요한 회의에서 소외되었다.
  • 동료들로부터 소외되는 느낌을 받아 직무 만족도가 낮아졌다.
  • 모든 직원이 프로젝트에 포함되도록 하여 소외되는 사람이 없도록 해야 한다.

School environments, where students might be bullied or left out by peers.

  • 새로운 학교에서 나는 소외되는 느낌을 받았다.
  • 따돌림 때문에 그는 학교에서 소외되었다.
  • 친구들과 어울리지 못해 외톨이가 되는 것을 두려워했다.

Discussions about societal issues concerning vulnerable groups like the elderly or low-income families.

  • 기술 발전으로 노인들이 소외될 수 있다.
  • 경제적 어려움으로 많은 사람들이 사회적으로 소외되고 있다.
  • 소외 계층을 위한 정책 지원이 필요하다.

Cultural or identity-based exclusion, where minority groups might feel marginalized.

  • 문화적 차이 때문에 외국인들이 소외되는 경우가 있다.
  • 자신의 정체성 때문에 사회에서 소외되는 느낌을 받았다.
  • 다양성을 존중하여 누구도 소외되지 않도록 해야 한다.

对话开场白

"Have you ever felt like you were being excluded from a group? How did it feel?"

"What are some reasons why people might become marginalized in society?"

"How can we ensure that everyone feels included and not left out?"

"Can you think of a time when someone was treated as an outsider? What happened?"

"What's the difference between feeling lonely and feeling excluded?"

日记主题

Describe a time you felt 소외되다. What were the circumstances, and how did you cope with those feelings?

Reflect on a situation where you witnessed someone else being excluded. What did you do, or what could you have done?

Imagine a society where everyone is fully included. What would that look like, and what steps would be necessary to achieve it?

How does the concept of '소외되다' relate to your own cultural background or experiences?

Write a short story about a character who overcomes the feeling of being 소외되다 and finds a sense of belonging.

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, '소외되다' almost always describes a negative experience. It implies being left out, marginalized, or excluded, which typically leads to feelings of sadness, loneliness, or frustration. While someone might choose to distance themselves from a group for personal reasons, the term '소외되다' usually refers to an imposed state of exclusion.

'외롭다' means 'to be lonely,' which is a general feeling of being alone and missing companionship. You can feel lonely even if you are not actively excluded. '소외되다' means 'to be marginalized or excluded' from a group or society. It implies a more active or systemic process of being left out, often by external factors, and typically results in loneliness but is not the same as loneliness itself.

Yes, absolutely. '소외되다' can be used to describe regions or even countries that are economically, politically, or socially marginalized. For example, '낙후된 지역은 개발에서 소외되는 경향이 있다' (Underdeveloped regions tend to be marginalized from development).

Yes, the active form is '소외시키다' (so-oe-si-ki-da), which means 'to marginalize' or 'to exclude' someone or a group. For instance, '그 정책은 특정 집단을 소외시켰다' (That policy marginalized certain groups).

'소외되다' itself is a standard verb and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. The conjugation and surrounding sentence structure will indicate the formality. For example, '소외되었습니다' (polite past tense) is formal, while '소외됐어' (informal past tense) is informal. The noun form '소외감' (feeling of alienation) is also widely used.

Yes, definitely. It's commonly used to describe being excluded from economic opportunities, political participation, educational resources, or even social events. For example, '경제적 어려움으로 인해 많은 사람들이 기회에서 소외되고 있다' (Due to economic difficulties, many people are being excluded from opportunities).

'배제되다' is a very close synonym meaning 'to be excluded.' They are often interchangeable. However, '소외되다' typically carries a stronger emotional weight, emphasizing the resulting feeling of alienation and marginalization. '배제되다' can be a more neutral term for exclusion, especially in formal or technical contexts like being removed from a list.

'소외되는 느낌' means 'a feeling of being excluded' or 'a sense of alienation.' It's a common phrase to describe the subjective emotional experience. You would use it like: '그는 모임에서 소외되는 느낌을 받았다.' (He felt a sense of exclusion at the gathering.)

While not a direct grammatical usage, one could metaphorically speak of feeling '소외되다' from one's own goals or values if they feel they are not living in accordance with them, but this is a less common and more poetic interpretation. The primary meaning is exclusion from an external group or society.

Common reasons include economic inequality, ageism (especially towards the elderly), lack of social connections, cultural or linguistic barriers (for foreigners), political disenfranchisement, and sometimes even perceived differences in personality or behavior that deviate from group norms.

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