어떠하다 30秒了解
- Formal Korean for 'how is it?' or 'what's it like?'
- Used in polite, professional, and academic contexts.
- Conjugated forms like '어떠합니까?' are common.
- Contrast with informal '어때?'
- Basic Meaning
- The Korean word '어떠하다' (eotteohada) is a formal way of asking or describing 'how something is' or 'what something is like'. It functions as an adjective in its base form, though it's often used in conjugated forms to inquire about the state or condition of something or someone.
- Formality Level
- '어떠하다' is considered a formal expression. You would typically use this in polite or official situations, when speaking to elders, superiors, or people you don't know well. It conveys a sense of respect and seriousness. In casual settings, you would more likely hear '어때?' (eottae?) or '어떻게?' (eotteoke?)
- Usage Scenarios
- This word is frequently used in contexts where one needs to inquire about the well-being, condition, or general state of affairs. For example, when asking about someone's health after an illness, the condition of a project, or the general atmosphere of an event. It can also be used to express a certain quality or characteristic in a formal manner, though this is less common than its interrogative use.
- Grammatical Function
- While '어떠하다' itself is an adjective, it is most commonly seen in its conjugated forms, such as '어떠합니까?' (eotteohamnikka? - formal question) or '어떠합니다' (eotteohamnida - formal statement). The '-하다' ending indicates that it's a descriptive verb, which behaves similarly to adjectives in Korean sentence structures.
In a formal inquiry, one might ask: 어떠하다고 말씀드릴 수 있겠습니까? (How can I state that it is?)
A formal report might state: 이 상황은 매우 복잡어떠하다.
- Nuance
- The '하다' ending implies an action or state of being. When used with '어떠', it specifically refers to the manner or way something exists or is perceived. It's about the quality or characteristic of something in a descriptive sense.
- Formal Inquiries
- In formal settings, '어떠하다' is often used to ask about the condition of something or someone. For instance, after a significant event or change, someone might inquire, '상황이 어떠합니까?' (How is the situation?). This is a polite and respectful way to seek information.
- Formal Question - Well-being
- When inquiring about someone's health or general condition in a formal setting, you would use a conjugated form like '어떠하십니까?' (eotteohashimnikka?). This is a polite way to ask 'How are you?' or 'How is your condition?'.
- Formal Statement - Describing Condition
- To formally state how something is, you might use '어떠합니다' (eotteohamnida). For example, '이 프로젝트의 진행 상황은 매우 순조롭어떠합니다.' (The progress of this project is very smooth.) - Note: This specific example is slightly awkward and would usually be phrased differently. A more natural statement using the root idea would be '이 프로젝트의 진행 상황은 매우 순조롭습니다.' However, if you were describing *how* it is smooth, you might say something like '진행 상황은 매우 순조롭게 어떠합니다.' (The progress is smooth in such a way that...). This is a more complex usage.
- Formal Inquiry - Opinion/State
- You can use '어떠합니까?' to ask for an opinion or the state of something in a formal context. For instance, '회의 결과는 어떠합니까?' (How is the result of the meeting?).
- Formal Description - Quality
- While less common than interrogative use, '어떠하다' can be used to describe a quality formally. For example, '그의 연설은 매우 감동적어떠합니다.' (His speech is very moving.) - Again, a more natural phrasing might be '그의 연설은 매우 감동적이었습니다.' The use of '어떠합니다' here would emphasize the *manner* of being moving.
- Formal Inquiry - Situation
- When asking about the general situation or circumstances in a formal setting, '상황이 어떠합니까?' is appropriate. This translates to 'How is the situation?'.
Formal inquiry about a person's health: 선생님께서는 오늘 건강이 어떠하십니까? (Teacher, how is your health today?)
Formal inquiry about a project's status: 본 프로젝트의 진행 상황은 어떠합니까? (How is the progress of this project?)
- Formal Inquiry - Performance
- To ask about someone's performance in a formal manner, you could ask: '귀하의 업무 성과는 어떠합니까?' (How is your work performance?).
- Formal Statement - Describing a Feature
- Describing a characteristic formally: 이 건물의 디자인은 매우 독특어떠합니다. (The design of this building is very uniquely how it is.) - Again, a simpler phrasing is often preferred: '이 건물의 디자인은 매우 독특합니다.' The '어떠합니다' here would subtly emphasize the specific way in which it is unique.
- News Broadcasts and Formal Announcements
- You will frequently encounter '어떠하다' in its conjugated forms within formal news reports, official announcements, and public service broadcasts. For instance, a news anchor might report on the state of a disaster: '현재 피해 상황은 매우 심각어떠합니다.' (Currently, the damage situation is severely how it is.) - A more common phrasing would be '매우 심각합니다.' The use of '어떠합니다' here adds a layer of formal description about the *nature* of the severity.
- Business Meetings and Presentations
- In professional environments, when discussing project status, market conditions, or performance reviews, '어떠하다' is used. A manager might ask a subordinate, '이번 분기 실적은 어떠하였습니까?' (How was the performance this quarter?). The past tense '-였-' is used here.
- Academic Lectures and Formal Speeches
- Academics and public speakers often employ '어떠하다' to pose questions or make formal statements about theories, research findings, or societal issues. For example, a professor might ask, '이 현상의 원인은 어떠하다고 보십니까?' (How do you see the cause of this phenomenon?).
- Interviews with Dignitaries or Experts
- During formal interviews with respected individuals, interviewers use '어떠하다' to inquire about their experiences, opinions, or the state of their field. '장관님, 현재 국가 경제 상황은 어떠하십니까?' (Minister, how is the current national economic situation?).
- Official Correspondence and Documents
- In formal written communication, such as reports, official letters, or legal documents, '어떠하다' can appear to describe conditions or ask for specific details about the nature of something. For instance, a contract might state: '계약 이행 상태는 어떠해야 하는가?' (How should the contract fulfillment state be?).
In a formal business report: '지난 회계 연도의 수익률은 전년 대비 어떠하였습니까?' (How was the profitability of the last fiscal year compared to the previous year?)
A formal announcement might say: '현재 도시의 교통 상황은 매우 복잡어떠합니다.' (The current traffic situation in the city is very complex how it is.) - A more natural phrasing would be '매우 복잡합니다.' The '어떠합니다' here emphasizes the specific way it is complex.
- Using it in Casual Conversation
- The most common mistake is using '어떠하다' or its formal conjugations like '어떠합니까?' in informal settings. For example, asking a close friend '오늘 기분이 어떠하십니까?' would sound overly stiff and unnatural. In casual conversation, '오늘 기분 어때?' (How are you feeling today?) is the correct choice.
- Confusing with '어떻게' (eotteoke)
- Learners sometimes confuse '어떠하다' (how something is) with '어떻게' (how to do something, or in what manner). While related, they have different grammatical functions. '어떻게' is an adverb asking about the method or way of doing something. For example, '이것을 어떻게 만드셨어요?' (How did you make this?). '어떠하다' describes the state or quality.
- Incorrect Conjugation
- Misapplying the formal '-ㅂ니다/습니다' ending is another pitfall. For instance, saying '그것은 매우 좋어떠합니다' is incorrect. The correct formal statement would be '그것은 매우 좋습니다.' '어떠하다' is used to ask or describe the *manner* or *state* itself, not to simply state a quality like 'good'.
- Overuse in Descriptive Sentences
- While '어떠하다' can be used to describe, it's often more natural to use simpler adjectives or descriptive verbs. For example, instead of saying '그의 태도는 매우 긍정적어떠합니다' (His attitude is very positively how it is), it's more direct to say '그의 태도는 매우 긍정적입니다' (His attitude is very positive).
- Ignoring Contextual Formality
- The biggest mistake is failing to gauge the appropriate level of formality. Using '어떠하다' in a setting where casual language is expected (like with close friends or young children) can make the speaker sound distant or even condescending. Conversely, not using it when formality is required can lead to impoliteness.
Incorrect: 친구에게 '네 기분은 어떠하냐?' (How is your feeling?) - Correct: 친구에게 '네 기분 어때?'
- 어때? (eottae?)
- Similarity: Asks 'How is it?' or 'What's it like?'.
Difference: This is the informal, casual counterpart to '어떠하다'. You use it with friends, family, and people younger than you. '어떠하다' is formal; '어때?' is informal. - 어떻게? (eotteoke?)
- Similarity: Related to asking about manner or state.
Difference: '어떻게' is primarily an adverb meaning 'how to do something' or 'in what way'. It focuses on the method or process. '어떠하다' describes the state or quality itself. Example: '이것을 어떻게 만들었니?' (How did you make this?) vs. '이것의 상태는 어떠하니?' (How is the state of this?). - 어찌? (eojji?)
- Similarity: Both inquire about manner or state.
Difference: '어찌' is a more archaic or literary adverb, often implying surprise or a more dramatic 'how'. It's less common in everyday speech than '어떻게'. '어떠하다' is specifically about the state/quality. - 어떠한가? (eotteohanga?)
- Similarity: Direct question about state/quality.
Difference: This is a slightly less formal, more literary or interrogative form of '어떠하다'. It's often used in writing or in rhetorical questions. '어떠합니까?' is the standard formal question. - 얼마나? (eolmana?)
- Similarity: Both can inquire about degree or extent.
Difference: '얼마나' specifically asks 'how much' or 'to what extent'. It's used for quantity, degree, or intensity. '어떠하다' asks about the quality or nature of something. Example: '얼마나 아픕니까?' (How much does it hurt?) vs. '상태가 어떠합니까?' (How is the condition?). - 무엇과 같은가? (mueotgwa gateunga?)
- Similarity: Can be used to ask about characteristics.
Difference: This phrase means 'What is it like?' or 'What is it similar to?' and is more about comparison. '어떠하다' is broader, asking about the general state or quality.
Formal: 상황이 어떠합니까? (How is the situation?)
Informal: 상황이 어때? (How's the situation?)
Method: 이 일을 어떻게 처리해야 합니까? (How should this matter be handled?)
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The '-하다' ending is a versatile suffix in Korean that turns many roots into descriptive verbs, similar to how we might add '-ize' or '-ify' in English, but '-하다' is much more broadly applied. '어떠하다' is a prime example of this.
发音指南
- Pronouncing 'eo' as 'o' or 'eu'.
- Not aspirating the 't' in 'tteo'.
- Confusing with similar sounding words.
- Incorrectly applying English intonation patterns.
- Omitting the 'h' sound in 'ha'.
难度评级
Understanding '어떠하다' requires recognizing its formal conjugation and context. Differentiating it from informal counterparts and adverbs like '어떻게' is key for B1-level readers.
Correctly using '어떠하다' in writing, especially in formal contexts, requires careful attention to conjugation and register, placing it at a B1-level challenge.
Producing '어떠하다' appropriately in spoken Korean, particularly with the correct formal endings, is a B1-level skill that involves register awareness.
Recognizing '어떠하다' and its variations in spoken Korean, and understanding the formal context, is a B1-level listening comprehension task.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Formal Speech Levels (-ㅂ니다/-습니다)
'어떠하다' is most commonly used with the formal '-ㅂ니다/-습니다' endings for questions ('어떠합니까?') and statements ('어떠합니다'). This is the highest level of formality in Korean.
Past Tense Conjugation
To ask about something in the past, use '-였-' or '-았-': '어떠하였습니까?' (How was it?).
Adjective Modifier Form (-ㄴ/-은)
The form '어떠한' functions as an adjective modifier: '어떠한 상황?' (What kind of situation?).
Infinitive Forms (-기)
The noun form '어떠함' means 'the state of being how': '그것의 어떠함을 알 수 없다.' (We cannot know its state.)
Contrast with Informal Speech
'어떠하다' is the formal counterpart to the informal '어때?' (How is it?). Understanding this contrast is crucial for appropriate usage.
按水平分级的例句
오늘 날씨가 어떠합니까?
How is the weather today? (formal)
Using the formal '-ㅂ니까?' ending.
그 영화는 어떠하였습니까?
How was that movie? (formal, past tense)
Using the formal past tense '-였습니까?'
이 음식의 맛은 어떠합니까?
How is the taste of this food? (formal)
Inquiring about a sensory quality.
그분의 건강 상태는 어떠합니까?
How is that person's health condition? (formal)
Used for health inquiries.
새로운 프로젝트는 어떠합니까?
How is the new project? (formal)
Asking about the status of a project.
그 회의는 어떠하였습니까?
How was that meeting? (formal, past tense)
Past tense inquiry about an event.
당신의 생각은 어떠합니까?
How is your opinion/thought? (formal)
Asking for a formal opinion.
이곳의 분위기는 어떠합니까?
How is the atmosphere here? (formal)
Describing the ambiance.
저희 서비스는 고객님께 어떠하였습니까?
How was our service to you, our customer? (formal, past tense)
Formal customer feedback inquiry.
이번 학기의 학업 성과는 어떠하였습니까?
How was your academic performance this semester? (formal, past tense)
Formal inquiry about academic results.
이 정책은 사회에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상하십니까?
How do you expect this policy to affect society? (formal)
Formal question about societal impact.
발표하신 내용이 매우 인상 깊어떠합니다.
What you presented is very impressive how it is. (formal statement)
Formal statement describing a quality, though simpler phrasing '인상 깊습니다' is more common.
현재 상황에 대한 귀하의 견해는 어떠하십니까?
What is your view on the current situation? (formal)
Formal request for an opinion on a situation.
그 연극의 연출은 어떠하였습니까?
How was the direction/staging of that play? (formal, past tense)
Formal inquiry about artistic direction.
이 제안에 대한 귀하의 반응은 어떠합니까?
What is your reaction to this proposal? (formal)
Formal inquiry about a reaction to a proposal.
그동안의 어려움은 어떠하였습니까?
How were the difficulties you faced during that time? (formal, past tense)
Formal inquiry about past hardships.
본 보고서에서 제시된 분석 결과는 어떠하다고 사료되십니까?
How are the analysis results presented in this report considered? (formal, academic)
Formal academic inquiry about analysis.
해당 사건에 대한 귀하의 심경은 어떠하였는지 말씀해 주십시오.
Please tell us how you felt about that incident. (formal, past tense)
Formal request to describe emotional state.
새로운 기술 도입이 산업 전반에 어떠한 파급 효과를 가져올 것으로 예상하십니까?
What kind of ripple effect do you expect the introduction of new technology to bring to the industry as a whole? (formal)
Formal prediction about technological impact.
그 정책의 장기적인 비전은 어떠하다고 보십니까?
How do you view the long-term vision of that policy? (formal)
Formal inquiry about long-term vision.
이번 전시회의 주제는 방문객들에게 어떠하게 다가갔습니까?
How did the theme of this exhibition approach the visitors? (formal, past tense)
Formal inquiry about exhibition's impact on visitors.
귀하의 경험에 비추어 볼 때, 성공적인 리더십은 어떠해야 한다고 생각하십니까?
Based on your experience, what do you think successful leadership should be like? (formal)
Formal question about the nature of leadership.
이 문화유산의 보존 상태는 어떠하다고 판단되십니까?
How is the preservation state of this cultural heritage judged? (formal)
Formal assessment of preservation status.
그 예술 작품의 표현 방식은 관객에게 어떠한 영감을 주었습니까?
What kind of inspiration did the expression method of that artwork give to the audience? (formal, past tense)
Formal inquiry about artistic inspiration.
현대 사회의 복잡다단한 문제들에 대한 귀하의 통찰은 어떠하시다고 말씀해 주시겠습니까?
How would you describe your insights into the complex and multifaceted problems of modern society? (formal)
Formal, sophisticated inquiry about insights.
그 문학 작품의 주제 의식은 당대 사회상과 어떠하게 조응하였다고 평가하십니까?
How do you evaluate that the thematic consciousness of that literary work corresponded with the social conditions of its time? (formal, academic)
Formal academic analysis of literary themes and society.
인공지능의 발전이 미래 사회 구조에 어떠한 근본적인 변화를 야기할 것으로 예측하십니까?
What fundamental changes do you predict the development of artificial intelligence will bring to future social structures? (formal)
Formal, high-level prediction about AI's societal impact.
이번 국제 회의에서 논의된 핵심 쟁점들은 귀하의 입장에 어떠하게 부합하거나 상충하였습니까?
How did the key issues discussed at this international conference align with or conflict with your position? (formal, past tense)
Formal inquiry about alignment with one's stance.
그 철학적 사상의 본질은 인간 존재론적 관점에서 어떠하다고 해석될 수 있습니까?
How can the essence of that philosophical thought be interpreted from an ontological perspective of human existence? (formal, academic)
Formal philosophical inquiry.
팬데믹 이후의 새로운 경제 질서는 기존과는 어떠한 방식으로 차별화될 것으로 전망하십니까?
In what way do you foresee the new economic order after the pandemic differentiating itself from the existing one? (formal)
Formal economic forecasting.
그 예술가의 독창적인 표현 기법은 동시대 미술계에 어떠한 반향을 불러일으켰다고 평가하십니까?
How do you assess the resonance that the artist's original expression techniques caused in the contemporary art world? (formal, academic)
Formal art criticism and impact assessment.
사회 통합을 위한 정책 수립 과정에서 고려해야 할 윤리적 딜레마는 어떠한 것들이 있습니까?
What ethical dilemmas should be considered in the process of establishing policies for social integration? (formal)
Formal inquiry about ethical considerations in policy.
현존하는 다양한 이론적 접근 방식들은 본 연구의 방법론적 타당성을 어떠하게 뒷받침하거나 도전하고 있습니까?
How do the various existing theoretical approaches support or challenge the methodological validity of this study? (formal, academic)
Highly formal, critical academic inquiry.
그 역사적 사건의 재해석은 기존의 서사 구조와 어떠한 변주를 보여주고 있다고 사료되십니까?
How do you consider the reinterpretation of that historical event to show variations from the existing narrative structure? (formal, academic)
Formal academic analysis of historical reinterpretation.
포스트모던 시대의 미학적 경향은 인간의 인식론적 지평을 어떠하게 확장시키고 있다고 보십니까?
How do you see the aesthetic trends of the postmodern era expanding humanity's epistemological horizons? (formal, academic)
Formal academic inquiry into aesthetics and epistemology.
이번 글로벌 위기 상황에서 각국의 대응 전략은 상호 협력적 측면에서 어떠하였으며, 그 결과는 어떠하였습니까?
In this global crisis situation, how were the response strategies of each country in terms of mutual cooperation, and what were the results? (formal, past tense)
Formal, complex inquiry into international crisis response.
그 예술가의 파격적인 표현 양식은 후대 예술계에 어떠한 심오한 영향을 미쳤다고 평가하십니까?
How do you assess the profound impact that the artist's unconventional expression style had on the art world of later generations? (formal, academic)
Formal academic assessment of artistic legacy.
생명 윤리의 첨예한 쟁점들에 대한 귀하의 철학적 성찰은 어떠하시다고 요약될 수 있겠습니까?
How can your philosophical reflections on the sharp issues of bioethics be summarized? (formal)
Formal philosophical inquiry into complex ethical issues.
기술 발전이 인간의 정체성 인식에 미치는 영향은 근본적으로 어떠하다고 보아야 할까요?
Fundamentally, how should the impact of technological advancement on the perception of human identity be viewed? (formal)
Formal philosophical inquiry into technology and identity.
이번 정치적 격변기의 사회적, 경제적 구조 변화는 과거와 어떠한 점에서 유사하거나 상이하다고 분석하십니까?
In what aspects do you analyze the social and economic structural changes during this period of political upheaval as similar or different from the past? (formal)
Formal comparative analysis of socio-economic change.
常见搭配
常用短语
— This is a formal way to ask 'How is the situation?' or 'What is the current state of affairs?'.
긴급 상황 발생 시, 즉시 보고해 주십시오. 현재 상황이 어떠합니까?
— A polite and formal way to inquire about someone's health, essentially asking 'How are you feeling?' or 'How is your health?'.
오랜만에 뵙습니다. 건강은 어떠하십니까?
— This phrase formally asks about the outcome or result of something in the past, meaning 'How were the results?' or 'What was the outcome?'.
이번 프로젝트의 최종 결과는 어떠하였습니까? 보고 부탁드립니다.
— A formal way to ask for someone's opinion, translating to 'What is your opinion?' or 'How do you feel about it?'.
이 문제에 대해 귀하의 의견은 어떠하십니까? 자유롭게 말씀해 주십시오.
— This formally asks 'What aspects are you curious about?' or 'What would you like to know?'.
제가 설명해 드릴 부분이 있다면, 어떠한 점이 궁금하십니까?
— A general formal question asking 'How about this?' or 'What do you think of this?'.
새로 나온 제품입니다. 이것은 어떠합니까?
— Formally asks 'What kind is it?' or 'What type is it?'.
이 식물은 어떠한 종류입니까? 처음 봅니다.
— A more literary or formal past tense question, meaning 'How was it?'.
그 당시의 사회상은 어떠하였는가?
— A polite way to ask about someone's experience, 'How was your experience?'.
이번 여행 경험은 어떠하셨습니까? 즐거우셨기를 바랍니다.
— A formal way to ask 'How do you think?' or 'What is your thinking on this?'.
이 사안에 대해 어떠하게 생각하십니까?
容易混淆的词
'어때?' is the informal counterpart. Using '어떠하다' in casual conversation is a common mistake, making the speaker sound overly stiff or unnatural.
'어떻게' is an adverb asking about the method or manner of doing something, whereas '어떠하다' asks about the state or quality of something itself.
'어찌' is a more literary or archaic adverb, often carrying a tone of surprise or dramatic questioning, unlike the standard formal inquiry of '어떠하다'.
习语与表达
— This is an exclamation expressing extreme shock or disbelief at an unexpected or outrageous event. It translates to 'How could such a thing happen in the world!' or 'Unbelievable!'.
사기꾼에게 전 재산을 빼앗겼다니, 천하에 어찌 이런 일이!
Exclamatory/Literary— This phrase means 'regardless', 'anyhow', or 'in any case'. It's used to move on from a topic or to state a decision irrespective of prior circumstances.
결과가 좋든 나쁘든, 어찌 되었든 우리는 최선을 다했다.
Neutral/Formal— This idiom implies managing to do something with difficulty, often through various efforts or by chance. It means 'to manage somehow' or 'to get by'.
어려운 상황이었지만, 어찌어찌 해서 임무를 완수했습니다.
Neutral— This phrase expresses a strong sense of wonder, surprise, or sometimes disappointment about a particular characteristic or action. It means 'How come so' or 'Why so'.
어찌 그리도 변함이 없으십니까? 여전히 아름다우십니다.
Emotive/Literary— This is a more formal or literary way of asking 'Why?' or 'For what reason?'. It often implies a search for a deeper cause.
어찌하여 그런 중대한 결정을 내리셨습니까?
Formal/Literary— This is a formal way to ask 'What happened?' or 'What became of it?'. It seeks an update on a situation.
그 사건 이후로 어떻게 되었는가? 진행 상황을 알고 싶습니다.
Formal— This phrase means 'to be unable to do anything' or 'to be helpless'. It expresses a situation where one is powerless to act.
상황이 너무나 절망적이어서 무어라 어찌할 수 없었습니다.
Formal/Emotive— Similar to '어찌 되었든', this phrase means 'regardless of what happened' or 'no matter what'. It emphasizes that the following statement holds true irrespective of the circumstances.
어찌 되었건 간에, 우리는 이 목표를 달성해야 합니다.
Formal— This is a more emphatic version of '어찌 그리도', expressing even stronger surprise or questioning about a particular manner or state.
어찌하여 그리도 냉정하게 말씀하십니까?
Emotive/Literary— This means 'to not know what to do' or 'to be at a loss'. It describes a state of confusion or indecision.
갑작스러운 사고 소식에 어찌할 바를 몰랐습니다.
Emotive容易混淆
Both are used to ask about 'how something is'.
'어때?' is the informal, casual version used with friends and peers. '어떠하다' is the formal version used with superiors, elders, or in professional settings. For example, you ask a friend '오늘 기분 어때?' (How are you feeling today?), but you ask a respected elder '오늘 건강은 어떠하십니까?' (How is your health today?).
친구에게: 오늘 기분 어때? (Informal) 선생님께: 건강은 어떠하십니까? (Formal)
Both relate to 'how'.
'어떻게' is an adverb focusing on the method or process of an action ('How did you do it?'). '어떠하다' is a descriptive verb/adjective focusing on the state or quality of something ('How is it?'). For example, '이것을 어떻게 만들었어?' (How did you make this?) uses '어떻게', while '이것의 상태는 어떠해?' (How is the state of this?) uses '어떠하다' (in informal conjugation).
행동 방식: 이 문제를 어떻게 해결할까요? (How shall we solve this problem?) 상태 묘사: 그 프로젝트의 결과는 어떠하였습니까? (How were the results of that project?)
Both relate to inquiry about type or state.
'어떠한?' is the adjective modifier form, meaning 'what kind of' or 'which'. It precedes a noun. '어떠하다' is the base verb/adjective form. For instance, '어떠한 상황?' (What kind of situation?) uses '어떠한', while '상황이 어떠합니까?' (How is the situation?) uses '어떠하다'.
어떠한 종류의 책을 읽으십니까? (What kind of books do you read?) 그의 태도는 어떠합니까? (How is his attitude?)
Both can inquire about degree or extent.
'얼마나?' specifically asks about quantity, amount, or degree ('How much?', 'To what extent?'). '어떠하다' asks about the quality, state, or nature of something. For example, '얼마나 추워요?' (How cold is it?) asks about the degree of coldness, while '날씨가 어떠합니까?' (How is the weather?) asks about the general condition (sunny, rainy, etc.).
추위의 정도: 얼마나 추워요? (How cold is it?) 날씨 상태: 오늘 날씨는 어떠합니까? (How is the weather today?)
Both are interrogative words.
'무엇' means 'what' and is used to ask about the identity or nature of a thing. '어떠하다' asks 'how' something is. For example, '이것은 무엇입니까?' (What is this?) asks for identification, while '이것은 어떠합니까?' (How is this?) asks about its state or quality.
정체성 질문: 이것은 무엇입니까? (What is this?) 상태 질문: 이 제품의 성능은 어떠합니까? (How is the performance of this product?)
句型
Subject + 은/는 + 어떠합니까?
이 프로젝트는 어떠합니까? (How is this project?)
Subject + Past Tense + 어떠하였습니까?
지난번 회의는 어떠하였습니까? (How was the last meeting?)
Noun Phrase + 은/는 + 어떠한가?
그 사건의 전말은 어떠한가? (What is the full story of that incident?)
Subject + 에 + 대한 + 귀하의 + 견해는 + 어떠하십니까?
이 제안에 대한 귀하의 견해는 어떠하십니까? (What is your view on this proposal?)
Subject + 이/가 + 어떠한 + 영향을 + 미치다?
이 기술이 사회에 어떠한 영향을 미칩니까? (What kind of impact does this technology have on society?)
Subject + 의 + 본질은 + 인간 + 존재론적 + 관점에서 + 어떠하다고 + 해석되다?
그 철학적 사상의 본질은 인간 존재론적 관점에서 어떠하다고 해석될 수 있습니까? (How can the essence of that philosophical thought be interpreted from an ontological perspective of human existence?)
Subject + 은/는 + 동시대 + 사회상과 + 어떠하게 + 조응하다?
그 문학 작품의 주제 의식은 당대 사회상과 어떠하게 조응하였다고 평가하십니까? (How do you evaluate that the thematic consciousness of that literary work corresponded with the social conditions of its time?)
Subject + 은/는 + 기존 + 방식과 + 어떠한 + 점에서 + 유사하거나 + 상이하다?
이번 정치적 격변기의 사회적, 경제적 구조 변화는 과거와 어떠한 점에서 유사하거나 상이하다고 분석하십니까? (In what aspects do you analyze the social and economic structural changes during this period of political upheaval as similar or different from the past?)
词族
动词
相关
如何使用
Medium (in formal contexts), Low (in informal contexts)
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Using '어떠하다' in casual conversation with friends.
→
Use '어때?' or '어때요?'.
Using the formal '어떠하다' with friends sounds unnatural and overly stiff. For example, instead of '오늘 기분이 어떠하십니까?', say '오늘 기분 어때?'
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Confusing '어떠하다' (how something is) with '어떻게' (how to do something).
→
'어떻게' is for actions, '어떠하다' is for states/qualities.
'어떻게' asks about the method: '이것을 어떻게 만들었니?' (How did you make this?). '어떠하다' asks about the state: '이것은 어떠하니?' (How is this?).
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Incorrectly conjugating '어떠하다' into informal speech.
→
Maintain formal conjugations like '-ㅂ니까/-ㅂ니다' when using '어떠하다'.
You cannot say '어떠해?' or '어떠해요?'. The informal equivalent is '어때?' or '어때요?'. Using '어떠하다' requires formal endings.
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Overusing '어떠하다' when a simpler adjective would suffice.
→
Use direct adjectives when possible for clarity.
For example, instead of formally stating '그의 태도는 매우 긍정적 어떠합니다', it's more natural to say '그의 태도는 매우 긍정적입니다'. '어떠하다' is best for inquiry or nuanced formal description.
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Not recognizing the formality level.
→
Assess the situation and audience before using '어떠하다'.
Using '어떠하다' inappropriately can lead to misunderstandings. It's crucial to gauge whether the context calls for formal language.
小贴士
Mastering Formality
The key to using '어떠하다' correctly is understanding formality. Always consider your audience and the situation. If in doubt, using the formal '-ㅂ니다/-습니다' endings associated with '어떠하다' is safer in professional or respectful settings than using informal language.
Distinguishing from '어떻게'
Remember that '어떠하다' asks about the state or quality ('How is it?'), while '어떻게' asks about the method or way of doing something ('How to do it?'). Practice creating sentences for both to solidify the difference.
Practice Conjugations
Regularly practice conjugating '어떠하다' into its various formal forms (present, past, question, statement) to build fluency and accuracy. Write sentences using each form in different formal scenarios.
Know Your Alternatives
Be aware of the informal alternative '어때?' and the adverbial '어떻게'. Understanding when to use each will prevent awkward or incorrect language use.
Listen Actively
When watching Korean dramas, news, or listening to formal speeches, actively listen for '어떠하다' and its conjugations. Try to identify the situation and the specific question being asked.
Visualize Scenarios
Imagine yourself in different formal scenarios: a job interview, a meeting with your boss, or a formal dinner. How would you ask about the situation or someone's well-being using '어떠하다'?
Root Meaning
Understanding that '어떠하다' comes from the root '어떠-' meaning 'how' or 'what kind' combined with the verb-forming suffix '-하다' can help you grasp its core function of describing or inquiring about a state.
Regional Nuances
While '어떠하다' is standard formal Korean, be aware that informal speech patterns can vary slightly by region. However, the formal usage remains consistent across regions.
Beyond Just Questions
'어떠하다' isn't only for questions. It can be used in formal statements to describe a state or condition, though simpler adjectives are often preferred for direct positive or negative descriptions.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of '어떠하다' as 'Oh, to have' a formal way to ask about someone's situation. Imagine a formal dignitary asking, 'Oh, to have a moment, how is your health?' The 'oh to have' sounds a bit like '어떠' and signals formality.
视觉联想
Picture a very formal setting, like a state dinner or a high-level business meeting. Someone is asking a question with a very serious and polite expression using '어떠합니까?'. Contrast this with a casual scene where friends are laughing and someone asks '어때?'.
Word Web
挑战
Try to use '어떠하다' in a sentence describing a situation you might encounter in a formal setting, like asking about the progress of a project or the condition of a public service. Then, try to rephrase the same question informally using '어때?' to highlight the difference.
词源
The word '어떠하다' is derived from the Korean root '어떠-' (eotteo-) combined with the descriptive verb ending '-하다' (-hada). The root '어떠-' itself is an interrogative stem related to asking about the manner or state of something.
原始含义： The core meaning revolves around inquiring about the way something is, its condition, or its quality.
Korean文化背景
Using '어떠하다' in a casual context can be perceived as sarcastic, overly stiff, or even condescending. Conversely, failing to use it when formality is expected can be seen as rude or disrespectful. It's important to gauge the social dynamics.
In English, we might use 'How are you?', 'What's it like?', 'How is the situation?', or 'What is your assessment?' depending on the formality. The Korean '어떠하다' covers many of these, but specifically leans towards the more formal end.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Inquiring about someone's well-being after an illness or a difficult period.
- 환자분의 건강은 어떠하십니까?
- 그동안의 어려움은 어떠하였습니까?
- 몸은 좀 어떠하십니까?
Discussing the status or outcome of a project, event, or task in a professional setting.
- 프로젝트 진행 상황은 어떠합니까?
- 회의 결과는 어떠하였습니까?
- 이번 행사는 어떠하였습니까?
Asking for feedback or opinions in a formal or academic manner.
- 이 제안에 대한 귀하의 의견은 어떠하십니까?
- 그 보고서의 내용은 어떠하다고 보십니까?
- 이 연구 결과는 어떠한 의미를 가집니까?
Describing or inquiring about the general condition or atmosphere of a place or situation.
- 현재 상황은 어떠합니까?
- 이곳의 분위기는 어떠합니까?
- 그 도시의 발전은 어떠하였습니까?
Formal inquiries about sensory experiences like taste or appearance.
- 이 음식의 맛은 어떠합니까?
- 그 작품의 색감은 어떠하였습니까?
- 이 옷의 디자인은 어떠합니까?
对话开场白
"안녕하세요, 귀하의 건강은 어떠하십니까? 오랜만에 뵙습니다."
"이번 프로젝트의 진행 상황에 대해 여쭙고 싶은데, 어떠합니까?"
"최근에 보신 영화 중에 가장 인상 깊었던 것은 무엇이며, 그 이유는 어떠하였습니까?"
"이 새로운 정책에 대한 귀하의 견해는 어떠하신지 궁금합니다."
"오늘 날씨가 매우 좋은데, 이러한 날씨는 귀하의 기분에 어떠한 영향을 미칩니까?"
日记主题
오늘 하루 동안 겪었던 가장 중요한 사건은 무엇이었으며, 그 상황은 어떠했는지 자세히 기록해 보세요. 당신의 감정은 어떠했습니까?
최근에 당신에게 영향을 준 책이나 영화가 있다면, 그것의 내용과 당신에게 미친 영향은 어떠했는지 분석해 보세요.
당신이 속한 공동체나 사회의 현재 상황은 어떠하다고 생각하십니까? 개선할 점이 있다면 무엇이며, 그 이유는 어떠한가요?
미래에 당신이 이루고 싶은 목표는 무엇이며, 그 목표를 달성하기 위한 과정은 어떠할 것이라고 예상하십니까?
당신이 존경하는 인물이 있다면, 그 인물의 삶의 태도나 업적은 어떠하였기에 존경하게 되었는지 설명해 보세요.
常见问题
10 个问题You should use '어떠하다' (and its formal conjugations like '어떠합니까?') when you need to show respect, politeness, or formality. This includes speaking to elders, superiors, teachers, or in professional settings like business meetings, interviews, or formal presentations. Using '어때?' in these situations would be considered impolite or too casual.
'어떠하다' is used to describe or inquire about the state, condition, or quality of something (e.g., 'How is the situation?'). '어떻게' is an adverb that means 'how to do something' or 'in what way', focusing on the method or process of an action (e.g., 'How did you make this?'). For example, '이것은 어떠합니까?' asks about the item's condition, while '이것을 어떻게 만들었습니까?' asks about the method of its creation.
While '어떠하다' is primarily used for inquiry, it can be used in formal statements to describe a state. However, it's often more natural to use specific adjectives for positive descriptions. For instance, instead of saying '그의 성과는 매우 긍정적 어떠합니다' (His performance is very positively how it is), it's more common and direct to say '그의 성과는 매우 긍정적입니다' (His performance is very positive). '어떠하다' might be used to emphasize the *manner* in which something is positive, but this is a nuanced usage.
The most common conjugations are '어떠합니까?' (formal question), '어떠합니다' (formal statement), '어떠하였습니까?' (formal past question), and '어떠하였습니' (formal past statement, less common). The informal versions are derived from '어떻다', like '어때?' and '어때요?'.
No, '어떠하다' is not typically used in everyday, casual conversation. Its formal nature makes it unsuitable for talking with friends, family, or peers in informal settings. In such cases, you would use '어때?' or '어때요?'.
To ask 'What kind of...', you would use the adjective modifier form '어떠한'. For example, '어떠한 종류의 책을 읽으십니까?' (What kind of books do you read?). '어떠하다' itself doesn't directly translate to 'what kind of', but '어떠한' does.
Yes, the past tense is formed by adding '-였-' or '-았-' before the formal ending. The most common past tense conjugation is '어떠하였습니까?' (How was it?). For example, '그 영화는 어떠하였습니까?' (How was that movie?).
'어떠하다' is the formal verb/adjective itself, often used in formal conjugations like '어떠합니까?'. '상태가 어떻다' is a phrase meaning 'the condition is how', and '어떻다' is the informal base form. So, '상태가 어떠합니까?' is a formal way to ask 'How is the condition?', using the formal conjugation of '어떠하다'.
Yes, '어떠하다' and its conjugations are frequently used in formal writing, such as academic papers, official reports, legal documents, and literary works where a formal tone is required. The interrogative form '어떠한가?' is also common in written contexts.
You respond by describing the state or condition, using appropriate formal language. For example, if asked '상황이 어떠합니까?', you might reply '상황은 매우 좋습니다' (The situation is very good) or '상황이 다소 복잡합니다' (The situation is somewhat complicated).
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Summary
Use '어떠하다' and its conjugated forms like '어떠합니까?' when you need to ask about the state or condition of something in a formal, polite, or professional setting. It conveys respect and seriousness, unlike the casual '어때?'.
- Formal Korean for 'how is it?' or 'what's it like?'
- Used in polite, professional, and academic contexts.
- Conjugated forms like '어떠합니까?' are common.
- Contrast with informal '어때?'
Mastering Formality
The key to using '어떠하다' correctly is understanding formality. Always consider your audience and the situation. If in doubt, using the formal '-ㅂ니다/-습니다' endings associated with '어떠하다' is safer in professional or respectful settings than using informal language.
Distinguishing from '어떻게'
Remember that '어떠하다' asks about the state or quality ('How is it?'), while '어떻게' asks about the method or way of doing something ('How to do it?'). Practice creating sentences for both to solidify the difference.
Context is Key
Pay close attention to the context where you hear or read '어떠하다'. Its presence strongly indicates a formal situation, be it a news report, a business presentation, or a polite inquiry to an elder.
Practice Conjugations
Regularly practice conjugating '어떠하다' into its various formal forms (present, past, question, statement) to build fluency and accuracy. Write sentences using each form in different formal scenarios.
例句
이 책에 대한 당신의 생각은 어떠합니까?
相关内容
这个词在其他语言中
更多general词汇
몇몇
A2几个; 一些.
조금
A1我只会说一点点韩语。 (한국어를 조금밖에 못 해요.)
적게
A1少，少量地。用于描述动作的分量较少。
약간
A2稍微；一点儿。用于描述数量少或程度轻。
많이
A1很多 / 非常。 “吃了很多” (많이 먹었어요)。 “非常忙” (많이 바빠요)。
잠시
A2一会儿；片刻。“请稍等一下。” (잠시만 기다려 주세요.) “我一会儿就回来。” (잠시 후에 돌아오겠습니다.)
잠깐
A2For a short time; a moment.
아까
A2刚才，不久前。我刚才在楼下看到他了。
대해
A2意思是“关于”或“有关”。用于引入谈话、思考或研究的主题。
~에 대해서
A2关于；对于。
