B1 Conjunctions & Connectors 1 min read 中等

The Conditional Converb (-val/-vel)

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The -val/-vel suffix turns a verb into a condition, meaning 'if' or 'when' something happens.

  • Add -val to stems with back vowels (a, o, u): 'yav' -> 'yavval' (if [I] go).
  • Add -vel to stems with front vowels (e, ö, ü): 'ir' -> 'irvel' (if [I] come).
  • The subject is implied by the context of the following main clause.
Verb Stem + (-val/-vel) = Conditional Clause

Vowel Harmony Rules

Vowel Type Suffix Example Stem Result
Back (a, o, u)
-val
yav
yavval
Front (e, ö, ü)
-vel
ir
irvel

Meanings

The conditional converb expresses a condition that must be met for the main clause to occur. It functions similarly to 'if' clauses in English.

1

Conditional

Expressing a hypothetical or real condition.

“Цаг агаар сайхан байвал бид гадаа гарна.”

“Тэр хичээлээ хийвэл сайн дүн авна.”

Reference Table

Reference table for The Conditional Converb (-val/-vel)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Stem + -val/-vel
yavval
Negative
Stem + -güi + -val/-vel
yavagüivel
Question
Stem + -val/-vel + uu/üü?
yavval uu?
Past
N/A
N/A

正式程度

正式
Та ирвэл бид хооллоно.

Та ирвэл бид хооллоно. (Dinner invitation)

中性
Чи ирвэл бид хооллоно.

Чи ирвэл бид хооллоно. (Dinner invitation)

非正式
Ирвэл хооллоё.

Ирвэл хооллоё. (Dinner invitation)

俚语
Ирвэл иднэ шүү.

Ирвэл иднэ шүү. (Dinner invitation)

Conditional Logic

Condition

Result

  • Main Clause The outcome

按水平分级的例句

1

Би явбал чи ирнэ.

If I go, you come.

1

Цаг агаар сайхан байвал бид явна.

If the weather is nice, we will go.

1

Чи хичээлээ хийвэл сайн дүн авна.

If you do your homework, you will get a good grade.

1

Тэр ирвэл бид бүгдээрээ хооллоно.

If he comes, we will all eat.

1

Асуудлыг шийдвэл бид дараагийн шатанд гарна.

If we solve the problem, we will move to the next stage.

1

Хэрэв тэр үнэнийг хэлбэл бүх зүйл өөрчлөгдөнө.

If he tells the truth, everything will change.

容易混淆

The Conditional Converb (-val/-vel) 对比 Converb -tüi

Both link verbs, but -tüi is temporal.

常见错误

✗

yav-vel

✓

yav-val

Wrong vowel harmony.
✗

yavval-bi

✓

yavval, bi...

Don't attach pronouns to the verb.
✗

yav-güi-val

✓

yav-a-güi-val

Missing the stem vowel before negative.
✗

yav-val-bol

✓

yavval

Redundant 'if' markers.

句型

___ байвал ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Завтай бол яръя.

💡

Vowel Check

Always check the last vowel.

Smart Tips

Check the vowel harmony first.

yav-vel → yav-val

发音

yav-val

Vowel Harmony

Ensure the suffix vowel matches the stem.

Rising-Falling

Conditional clause rises, main clause falls.

Standard conditional statement.

记住它

记忆技巧

Val/Vel is the 'If' bell—it rings when a condition is set.

视觉联想

Imagine a gatekeeper (the suffix) standing at a door. If you have the right key (the vowel), the door opens.

Rhyme

Back vowel takes a val, front vowel takes a vel, use it for a condition, and you'll do very well.

Story

Bat wants to go to the park. He looks at the sky. 'If it rains (boroo orvol), I stay home. If it is sunny (naran garval), I go.' He checks the vowels and chooses correctly.

Word Web

yavvalirvelbolbolüzevelkhelvelsuuval

挑战

Write 3 sentences about your plans for tomorrow using -val/-vel.

文化笔记

Conditional forms are used politely in requests.

Ancient Turkic-Mongolic suffix system.

对话开场白

“

Чи завтай бол юу хийх вэ?

日记主题

Write about your plans if you win the lottery.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct suffix.

Би ир___, чи яв.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: vel
Front vowel 'i' requires 'vel'.

Score: /1

练习题

1 exercises
Fill in the correct suffix.

Би ир___, чи яв.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: vel
Front vowel 'i' requires 'vel'.

Score: /1

常见问题 (1)

No, it is for hypothetical or future conditions.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Si + presente

Suffix vs. particle.

Japanese high

-ba form

Vowel harmony vs. fixed suffix.

German moderate

Wenn...

Word order changes in German.

French moderate

Si...

Syntax placement.

Arabic partial

Idha...

Verb conjugation differences.

Chinese low

Ruguo...

No conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Connected Grammar

Vowel Harmony

Prerequisite

Required for all suffixes.

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