Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The -val/-vel suffix turns a verb into a condition, meaning 'if' or 'when' something happens.
- Add -val to stems with back vowels (a, o, u): 'yav' -> 'yavval' (if [I] go).
- Add -vel to stems with front vowels (e, ö, ü): 'ir' -> 'irvel' (if [I] come).
- The subject is implied by the context of the following main clause.
Vowel Harmony Rules
| Vowel Type | Suffix | Example Stem | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Back (a, o, u)
|
-val
|
yav
|
yavval
|
|
Front (e, ö, ü)
|
-vel
|
ir
|
irvel
|
Meanings
The conditional converb expresses a condition that must be met for the main clause to occur. It functions similarly to 'if' clauses in English.
Conditional
Expressing a hypothetical or real condition.
“Цаг агаар сайхан байвал бид гадаа гарна.”
“Тэр хичээлээ хийвэл сайн дүн авна.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Stem + -val/-vel
|
yavval
|
|
Negative
|
Stem + -güi + -val/-vel
|
yavagüivel
|
|
Question
|
Stem + -val/-vel + uu/üü?
|
yavval uu?
|
|
Past
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Та ирвэл бид хооллоно. (Dinner invitation)
Чи ирвэл бид хооллоно. (Dinner invitation)
Ирвэл хооллоё. (Dinner invitation)
Ирвэл иднэ шүү. (Dinner invitation)
Conditional Logic
Result
- Main Clause The outcome
レベル別の例文
Би явбал чи ирнэ.
If I go, you come.
Цаг агаар сайхан байвал бид явна.
If the weather is nice, we will go.
Чи хичээлээ хийвэл сайн дүн авна.
If you do your homework, you will get a good grade.
Тэр ирвэл бид бүгдээрээ хооллоно.
If he comes, we will all eat.
Асуудлыг шийдвэл бид дараагийн шатанд гарна.
If we solve the problem, we will move to the next stage.
Хэрэв тэр үнэнийг хэлбэл бүх зүйл өөрчлөгдөнө.
If he tells the truth, everything will change.
間違えやすい
Both link verbs, but -tüi is temporal.
よくある間違い
yav-vel
yav-val
yavval-bi
yavval, bi...
yav-güi-val
yav-a-güi-val
yav-val-bol
yavval
文型パターン
___ байвал ___.
Real World Usage
Завтай бол яръя.
Vowel Check
Smart Tips
Check the vowel harmony first.
発音
Vowel Harmony
Ensure the suffix vowel matches the stem.
Rising-Falling
Conditional clause rises, main clause falls.
Standard conditional statement.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Val/Vel is the 'If' bell—it rings when a condition is set.
視覚的連想
Imagine a gatekeeper (the suffix) standing at a door. If you have the right key (the vowel), the door opens.
Rhyme
Back vowel takes a val, front vowel takes a vel, use it for a condition, and you'll do very well.
Story
Bat wants to go to the park. He looks at the sky. 'If it rains (boroo orvol), I stay home. If it is sunny (naran garval), I go.' He checks the vowels and chooses correctly.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 3 sentences about your plans for tomorrow using -val/-vel.
文化メモ
Conditional forms are used politely in requests.
Ancient Turkic-Mongolic suffix system.
会話のきっかけ
Чи завтай бол юу хийх вэ?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
Би ир___, чи яв.
Score: /1
練習問題
1 exercisesБи ир___, чи яв.
Score: /1
よくある質問 (1)
No, it is for hypothetical or future conditions.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Si + presente
Suffix vs. particle.
-ba form
Vowel harmony vs. fixed suffix.
Wenn...
Word order changes in German.
Si...
Syntax placement.
Idha...
Verb conjugation differences.
Ruguo...
No conjugation.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Connected Grammar
Vowel Harmony
PrerequisiteRequired for all suffixes.
