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A1 noun 8分钟阅读

дугуй

bicycle, wheel, circle

At the A1 CEFR level, 'дугуй' is introduced as a basic noun referring to a wheel, a circle, or colloquially, a bicycle. Learners are expected to recognize and use it in simple, concrete contexts. For example, they might point to a bicycle and say 'дугуй' or describe a simple circular object. Sentences will be short and direct, focusing on identification and basic possession, such as 'Би дугуйтай' (I have a bicycle) or 'Энэ дугуй' (This is a wheel/bicycle). The focus is on the tangible object and its most common association. Understanding its use in 'унадаг дугуй' (bicycle) is also a key learning objective, though the full term might be introduced alongside the simpler 'дугуй'.
At the A2 CEFR level, learners can expand their understanding of 'дугуй' beyond simple identification. They can use it in slightly more complex sentences, describing attributes or actions related to wheels or bicycles. For instance, they might say 'Миний дугуй том' (My bicycle is big) or 'Дугуй эвдэрсэн' (The wheel is broken). They will also become more familiar with the distinction between 'дугуй' and 'унадаг дугуй', using the latter for clarity when necessary. The geometric meaning of 'circle' might be introduced more explicitly, perhaps with phrases like 'дугуй хэлбэртэй' (circular in shape). The word begins to appear in discussions about simple everyday activities involving transportation or objects with circular parts.
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For B1 learners, 'дугуй' can be used with greater flexibility. They can understand and generate sentences that describe more nuanced situations. For example, discussing the maintenance of a bicycle ('Би дугуй солих хэрэгтэй' - I need to change the tire) or describing places using circular references ('Тэр дугуйран дээр зогслоо' - He stopped at the roundabout). Learners can also differentiate between the various meanings of 'дугуй' based on context more confidently. They can discuss abstract concepts related to roundness and participate in simple conversations about transportation, hobbies involving cycling, or describing shapes in more detail.
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At the B2 CEFR level, 'дугуй' is a familiar word used in a variety of contexts, including more abstract or specialized discussions. Learners can understand idiomatic uses or more complex sentence structures involving the word. For instance, they might discuss the engineering aspects of wheels or the cultural significance of circular motifs. They can confidently use 'дугуй' and its related forms like 'дугуйран' and 'дугуйрх' in spontaneous speech and writing, expressing opinions or detailed descriptions related to transportation, design, or geometry. They can also understand the subtle differences in meaning when 'дугуй' is used as shorthand versus its full forms.
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At the C1 CEFR level, 'дугуй' is fully integrated into the learner's vocabulary. They can use it with precision and nuance in any context, including formal or technical discourse. They can understand sophisticated uses, such as metaphorical applications of 'roundness' or 'circularity'. They can also critically analyze texts that employ 'дугуй' and its derivatives, recognizing subtle connotations and stylistic choices. The word is used effortlessly in complex arguments, creative writing, and detailed explanations related to its various meanings.
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At the C2 CEFR level, 'дугуй' is mastered completely. Learners possess an intuitive understanding of its full semantic range and can employ it with the same fluency and naturalness as a native speaker. They can engage in highly specialized discussions, appreciate subtle cultural references, and even recognize archaic or regional uses of the word if they exist. Their command of 'дугуй' is so complete that it contributes to their overall sophisticated and masterful use of the Mongolian language.
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例句

дугуй 30秒了解

  • Round shape, wheel, bicycle.
  • Essential for vehicles and geometry.
  • Commonly heard in daily life.

The Mongolian word 'дугуй' (pronounced roughly 'doo-goo-ee') is a versatile term that primarily refers to anything round or circular. Its most common and concrete meaning is 'wheel'. Think of the wheels on a bicycle, a car, or even a cart – those are all 'дугуй'. This makes it an incredibly useful word for everyday conversations, especially when talking about transportation.

Wheel
When you see a vehicle with rotating circular parts, you can refer to them as 'дугуй'. For example, 'Машины дугуй' means 'car's wheel'.
Bicycle
Because bicycles are defined by their wheels, 'дугуй' is also intrinsically linked to the word for bicycle, which is 'унадаг дугуй' (una-dag doo-goo-ee), literally meaning 'riding wheel'. So, when someone says 'Би дугуйтай' (Bi doo-goo-tai), they might mean 'I have a wheel' or more likely, 'I have a bicycle'.
Circle (Geometric Shape)
Beyond the physical objects, 'дугуй' also refers to the abstract geometric shape of a circle. If you're drawing or describing a circular form, you would use this word. For instance, 'Дугуй хэлбэртэй' (Doo-goo-ee hel-ber-tei) means 'is circular in shape'.

You'll frequently hear 'дугуй' in contexts related to:

  • Transportation: Discussing bicycles, cars, motorcycles, and their parts.
  • Objects: Describing anything that has a round component, like a plate, a ring, or a clock face.
  • Shapes: In art, design, or geometry lessons when referring to circles.

Би дугуйтай.

Унадаг дугуй бол дугуйтай.

This sentence literally means 'A riding wheel is with wheels', emphasizing the connection. It's a playful way to understand the word's core meaning.

Энэ дугуй хэлбэртэй.

This means 'This is circular in shape', showing its use for geometric descriptions. Understanding these different applications will help you use 'дугуй' effectively.

Using 'дугуй' correctly involves understanding its context. As an A1 level word, you'll primarily encounter it in simple, descriptive sentences. Here’s how you can start incorporating it:

Referring to a Bicycle
The most common way to refer to a bicycle is 'унадаг дугуй'. However, in simpler contexts or when the meaning is clear, 'дугуй' alone can imply a bicycle. For example, if you are in a place with many bicycles, someone might point and say 'Тэр дугуй' (Ter dugui), meaning 'That bicycle'. A more complete sentence would be: 'Би унадаг дугуйтай.' (Bi una-dag doo-goo-tai) - 'I have a bicycle.'
Referring to a Wheel
To specifically mention a wheel, you might add context. For instance, 'Машины дугуй' (Mashiny dugui) - 'The car's wheel'. Or, 'Энэ бол дугуй.' (Ene bol dugui.) - 'This is a wheel.' This sentence is very basic and relies heavily on pointing or prior context.
Describing a Circular Shape
When describing something as circular, you can use phrases like 'дугуй хэлбэртэй' (dugui hel-ber-tei), which means 'is circular in shape'. For example: 'Нар дугуй хэлбэртэй.' (Nar dugui hel-ber-tei.) - 'The sun is circular in shape.'

Here are some basic sentence structures you can use:

  • [Noun] + дугуй: Often used when the noun is inherently linked to wheels, like 'унадаг дугуй' (bicycle).
  • [Noun] + -тай/-тэй: To indicate possession of a bicycle, e.g., 'Би дугуйтай.' (I have a bicycle.)
  • Энэ/Тэр + дугуй: 'This/That is a wheel/bicycle.' (Context dependent)
  • [Object] + дугуй хэлбэртэй: '[Object] is circular in shape.'

Би шинэ дугуйтай.

Translation: I have a new bicycle. (Here, 'дугуйтай' implies possession of a bicycle).

Энэ дугуй том.

Translation: This wheel is big. (Here, 'дугуй' refers specifically to a wheel).

Тэр зурсан зураг дугуй.

Translation: The drawing that was drawn is a circle. (Here, 'дугуй' refers to the geometric shape).

You'll encounter the word 'дугуй' in many everyday situations in Mongolia. Its prevalence stems from its fundamental meanings related to common objects and concepts.

On the Streets and in Parks
Mongolia has a growing cycling culture, especially in urban areas like Ulaanbaatar. You'll hear people talking about their 'унадаг дугуй' (bicycle) – its condition, where they bought it, or where they are going for a ride. Parents might tell their children, 'Дугуй унаарай!' (Dugui unaarai!) - 'Ride your bicycle!' The word 'дугуй' itself is often used as shorthand for 'bicycle' in casual conversation.
In Repair Shops and Garages
Mechanics discussing car repairs will frequently use 'дугуй' when referring to tires or wheels. Phrases like 'Дугуй солих' (Dugui solikh) - 'to change a tire/wheel', or 'Дугуй хагарсан' (Dugui khagarsan) - 'the wheel is damaged/flat' are common. Even for non-vehicle related round objects, it might be used.
In Educational Settings
In primary school math classes, teachers will use 'дугуй' when introducing geometric shapes. 'Энэ бол дугуй.' (Ene bol dugui.) - 'This is a circle.' They might ask students to draw a 'дугуй' or identify circular objects around the classroom.
Describing Objects in Homes
When describing household items, 'дугуй' can be used. For instance, 'Ширээний царай дугуй.' (Shireenii tsarai dugui.) - 'The tabletop is round.' Or referring to a round plate: 'Би дугуй тавагтай.' (Bi dugui tavaagtai.) - 'I have a round plate.'

You might also hear it in contexts like:

  • Sports: Referring to the circular shape of a ball or a track.
  • Art and Design: Describing circular patterns or elements.
  • Children's Games: Many children's games involve round objects or circular movements.

Залуучууд их дугуй унадаг болсон.

Translation: Young people have started riding bicycles a lot. (Here, 'дугуй' clearly means bicycle).

Энэ машины дугуй өндөр үнэтэй.

Translation: This car's wheel is expensive. (Here, 'дугуй' refers to a car wheel).

Хүүхэд дугуй зурсан.

Translation: The child drew a circle. (Here, 'дугуй' is the geometric shape).

As a beginner learner, you might make a few common mistakes when using 'дугуй'. Understanding these pitfalls will help you improve your accuracy.

Confusing Bicycle and Wheel
The most frequent confusion arises because 'дугуй' can mean both 'wheel' and, in context, 'bicycle' (as shorthand for 'унадаг дугуй'). If you say 'Би дугуйтай' (I have a wheel), it might sound strange unless you are literally showing someone a spare wheel. It's safer to use 'унадаг дугуйтай' when you mean 'I have a bicycle' until you are more comfortable with the nuances.
Overusing 'дугуй' for Geometric Circles
While 'дугуй' does mean circle, it's often used in conjunction with 'хэлбэртэй' (shape) to form 'дугуй хэлбэртэй' (circular shape). Simply saying 'Энэ дугуй' (This is a circle) might be understood, but it's less precise than 'Энэ дугуй хэлбэртэй'. For geometric contexts, using the full phrase is often clearer.
Incorrect Pluralization
Mongolian nouns can be made plural, but for 'дугуй', especially when referring to bicycles or wheels in general, the singular form is often used. For example, instead of saying 'Хэдэн дугуй' (several wheels), it's more natural to say 'Хэд хэдэн дугуй' or simply rely on context. For bicycles, 'Би дугуйтай' (I have a bicycle) uses the singular form even if you have one bicycle.
Mispronunciation
The 'у' sound in 'дугуй' is similar to the 'oo' in 'moon'. The 'г' is a voiced velar stop, like the 'g' in 'go'. Ensure you are pronouncing these sounds clearly. The stress is generally on the first syllable: DU-gui.

Incorrect: Би дугуйтай. (Meaning: I have a wheel, when intending to say I have a bicycle)

Correct: Би унадаг дугуйтай. (Meaning: I have a bicycle)

Incorrect: Энэ дугуй. (Meaning: This is a circle, in a geometry class)

Correct: Энэ дугуй хэлбэртэй. (Meaning: This is circular in shape)

While 'дугуй' is a common and useful word, there are other related terms and ways to express similar concepts in Mongolian.

унадаг дугуй (una-dag doo-goo-ee)
Meaning: Bicycle. This is the full and unambiguous term for a bicycle. While 'дугуй' can imply a bicycle in context, 'унадаг дугуй' leaves no room for doubt. It literally translates to 'riding wheel'. Use this when you want to be perfectly clear.
тэрэг (te-reg)
Meaning: Cart, wagon, vehicle (general). This is a broader term for a wheeled vehicle, often implying something pulled or carrying goods. It's not specific to bicycles and doesn't necessarily mean 'wheel' or 'circle'.
хэлбэр (khel-ber)
Meaning: Shape, form. This is a general term for shape. When you want to describe something as circular, you often combine 'хэлбэр' with 'дугуй' to say 'дугуй хэлбэртэй' (circular in shape). You wouldn't use 'дугуй' alone to mean 'shape'.
дугуйрх (doo-goo-irkh)
Meaning: To round, to become round (verb). This is the verb form related to 'дугуй'. It describes the action of becoming circular or rounding something. For example, 'Хэлбэр нь дугуйрсан' (Khel-ber ni doo-goo-ir-san) - 'Its shape has become round.'
дугуйран (doo-goo-ir-an)
Meaning: Roundabout, circle (as in a traffic circle or a circular path). This word specifically refers to a circular arrangement or path, like a roundabout on a road.

Here's a quick comparison:

  • дугуй (dugui): Wheel, circle, (colloquially) bicycle.
  • унадаг дугуй (unadag dugui): Unambiguously, bicycle.
  • дугуй хэлбэртэй (dugui khelbertei): Circular in shape.
  • дугуйран (duguiran): Roundabout, circular path.

Би унадаг дугуйтай.

Translation: I have a bicycle. (Using the full term for clarity).

Энэ дугуй хэлбэртэй.

Translation: This is circular in shape. (Using 'хэлбэртэй' for descriptive accuracy).

Тэр дугуйран дээр эргэлээ.

Translation: He/She turned at the roundabout. (Using 'дугуйран' for a traffic circle).

发音指南

UK /duˈɡʊɪ/
US /duˈɡʊɪ/
Second syllable ('гуй')
押韵词
луй бууй тоой ой уй хүүй мөнгөй салхигүй
常见错误
  • Pronouncing 'у' as a short 'u' sound like in 'cup'.
  • Not fully articulating the 'г' sound, making it sound like 'уй'.
  • Incorrect stress placement, putting it on the first syllable.
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按水平分级的例句

1

Би дугуйтай.

I have a bicycle.

Uses the '-тай' suffix to indicate possession of a bicycle.

2

Энэ бол дугуй.

This is a wheel.

Basic identification sentence.

3

Улаан дугуй.

Red wheel.

Adjective modifying the noun.

4

Дугуй том.

The wheel is big.

Simple descriptive sentence.

5

Би дугуй унадаг.

I ride a bicycle.

Uses the verb 'унадаг' (to ride) with 'дугуй'.

6

Нар дугуй.

The sun is round.

Implies circular shape.

7

Тэр дугуй.

That bicycle.

Demonstrative pronoun with noun.

8

Хүүхэд дугуй зурсан.

The child drew a circle.

Past tense verb with geometric meaning.

1

Би шинэ унадаг дугуйтай.

I have a new bicycle.

Adjective 'шинэ' (new) modifies 'унадаг дугуй'.

2

Машины дугуй хавтгай болсон.

The car's tire has become flat.

'Хавтгай болсон' (became flat) describes the state of the wheel.

3

Цэцэрлэгт дугуй хэлбэртэй цөөрөм байна.

There is a circular pond in the garden.

'дугуй хэлбэртэй' (circular in shape) is used to describe the pond.

4

Би өдөр бүр дугуй унадаг.

I ride a bicycle every day.

'Өдөр бүр' (every day) adds frequency.

5

Тэр дугуйны дугуй нь том.

That bicycle's wheel is big.

Possessive structure referring to the wheel of a bicycle.

6

Тэр хүн дугуй зардаг.

That person sells bicycles.

'Зардаг' (sells) is used with 'дугуй' as shorthand for bicycle.

7

Хүүхдүүд дугуй тойрон тоглож байна.

The children are playing around the circle.

'Дугуй' used for a geometric circle in a play context.

8

Би дугуйгаа угаах ёстой.

I have to wash my bicycle.

'Дугуйгаа' (my bicycle) uses the possessive suffix.

1

Би өнөөдөр хоёрдугаар дугуйгаа сольсон.

I changed my second bicycle today.

Specifies which bicycle is being referred to, implying multiple.

2

Энэ хотын гудамж нь дугуйран хэлбэртэй.

This city's street is shaped like a roundabout.

'Дугуйран хэлбэртэй' (shaped like a roundabout) describes a specific road structure.

3

Дугуйны сэлбэг худалдаж авмаар байна.

I want to buy bicycle spare parts.

'Сэлбэг' (spare parts) is used in conjunction with 'дугуй'.

4

Тэр зурагт дугуй хэлбэрийн олон элемент байсан.

There were many circular elements in that picture.

'Дугуй хэлбэрийн' (of circular form) used to describe elements in art.

5

Унадаг дугуй нь хөнгөн цагаанаар хийгдсэн.

The bicycle is made of aluminum.

Describes the material of the bicycle.

6

Тэр дугуй унаж, хотыг тойрон аялсан.

He rode his bicycle and traveled around the city.

Describes an action and a journey involving a bicycle.

7

Автомашины дугуйнд хийл хийх хэрэгтэй.

The car's tires need to be inflated.

'Хийл хийх' (to inflate) is used with 'автомашины дугуй'.

8

Хүүхдийн тоглоомын дугуй нь хөдөлдөггүй.

The wheel of the child's toy does not move.

Refers to the wheel of a toy.

1

Унадаг дугуйн хөдөлгүүрийг сайжруулах нь экологийн хувьд ашигтай.

Improving bicycle drivetrains is environmentally beneficial.

Discusses technical aspects and environmental benefits of bicycles.

2

Тэр дугуйраар орж, эсрэг чиглэлдээ эргэв.

He entered the roundabout and turned in the opposite direction.

Uses 'дугуйраар' (through the roundabout) to describe traffic navigation.

3

Түүний уран зураг нь дугуй хэлбэртэй байсан ч, гүн утгатай байв.

Although his painting was circular in shape, it held deep meaning.

Discusses artistic form and its deeper meaning.

4

Дугуйн дугуй нь өндөр хурдтай үед нөлөөлдөг.

The bicycle's wheels are affected at high speeds.

Discusses the physics of bicycle wheels at speed.

5

Дугуй солих нь амаргүй ажил, тусгай багаж хэрэгсэл шаардана.

Changing a tire is not an easy task and requires special tools.

Describes the complexity of a task involving bicycle wheels.

6

Энэ барилгын архитектур нь дугуй хэлбэрийг их ашигласан.

This building's architecture extensively uses circular forms.

Applies 'дугуй хэлбэрийг' (circular forms) to architecture.

7

Хамгаалалтын дугуй нь хүчтэй байсан тул, тэд аюулаас мултарч чадсан.

Because the protective wheel was strong, they managed to escape danger.

Refers to a 'protective wheel' in a narrative context.

8

Дугуйны ашиглалт нь эрүүл амьдралын хэв маягийг дэмждэг.

The use of bicycles supports a healthy lifestyle.

Discusses the broader benefits of cycling.

1

Түүний уран бүтээл нь эргэлзээтэй, дугуй хэлбэрийн тухай шинэ ойлголтуудыг бий болгосон.

His artwork is controversial, creating new perceptions about circular forms.

Discusses abstract concepts and artistic interpretation of 'дугуй хэлбэр'.

2

Энэхүү дугуйран хөдөлгөөнтэй зам нь гадаадын жуулчдын анхаарлыг татдаг.

This roundabout movement attracts foreign tourists.

'Дугуйран хөдөлгөөнтэй зам' (roundabout movement road) describes a complex road feature.

3

Дугуйн дугуйны динамик нь тээврийн хэрэгслийн аюулгүй байдалд чухал үүрэг гүйцэтгэдэг.

The dynamics of bicycle wheels play a crucial role in vehicle safety.

Discusses the technical dynamics of bicycle wheels in relation to safety.

4

Тэрээр өөрийн дугуйны хурдыг нэмэгдүүлэхийн тулд аэродинамикийн зарчмуудыг судалсан.

He studied aerodynamic principles to increase his bicycle's speed.

Discusses advanced concepts related to bicycle performance.

5

Нарны аймгийн бусад гаригууд нь ихэвчлэн дугуй хэлбэртэй байдаг.

Other planets in the solar system are mostly circular in shape.

Applies 'дугуй хэлбэртэй' to celestial bodies.

6

Дугуйны зохион байгуулалт нь тухайн цаг үеийн техникийн дэвшлийг харуулдаг.

The design of bicycles reflects the technical advancements of that era.

Discusses the historical and technological evolution of bicycles.

7

Энэ дугуйран хэлбэртэй байгууламж нь олон улсын хэмжээнд алдартай.

This circular structure is internationally renowned.

Describes a renowned circular structure.

8

Дугуйны хөдөлгүүрийн үр ашгийг дээшлүүлэх нь эдийн засгийн хувьд чухал.

Improving the efficiency of bicycle powertrains is economically important.

Discusses economic implications of bicycle technology.

1

Түүний уран бүтээлийн дугуй хэлбэрийн судлал нь орчин үеийн урлагийн чиг хандлагыг тодорхойлсон.

His study of circular forms in art has defined contemporary art trends.

Discusses a scholarly study of 'дугуй хэлбэр' in art history.

2

Энэхүү дугуйран хөдөлгөөнтэй хот байгуулалтын загвар нь цаг хугацааны туршид өөрчлөгдсөөр ирсэн.

This circular urban planning model has evolved over time.

Analyzes historical urban planning models using 'дугуйран'.

3

Дугуйн дугуйны динамик шинж чанарыг гүнзгийрүүлэн судлах нь тээврийн хэрэгслийн аюулгүй байдлыг сайжруулахад тустай.

In-depth study of the dynamic characteristics of bicycle wheels is beneficial for improving vehicle safety.

Discusses advanced research into bicycle wheel dynamics.

4

Тэрээр өөрийн дугуйны хурдыг нэмэгдүүлэхийн тулд хамгийн сүүлийн үеийн аэродинамикийн судалгааг ашигласан.

He utilized the latest aerodynamic research to increase his bicycle's speed.

Refers to the application of the most current scientific research.

5

Тэнгэрийн эрхсийн дугуй хэлбэртэй орбит нь эртний соёл иргэншлүүдэд онцгой ач холбогдолтой байсан.

The circular orbits of celestial bodies held special significance for ancient civilizations.

Connects celestial mechanics with ancient cultural beliefs.

6

Дугуйны зохион байгуулалт дахь техникийн хувьсал нь нийгэм, эдийн засгийн өөрчлөлтүүдтэй нягт холбоотой.

The technical evolution in bicycle design is closely linked to societal and economic changes.

Analyzes the socio-economic impact of technological advancements in bicycle design.

7

Энэхүү дугуйран хэлбэртэй байгууламжийн архитектур нь түүний гүн гүнзгий бэлгэдлийн утга санаагаар алдартай.

The architecture of this circular structure is renowned for its profound symbolic meaning.

Explores the deep symbolic meanings within circular architecture.

8

Дугуйны хөдөлгүүрийн үр ашгийг дээшлүүлэх нь зөвхөн эдийн засгийн төдийгүй, байгаль орчны тогтвортой байдалд ч чухал нөлөөтэй.

Improving the efficiency of bicycle powertrains has not only economic but also significant environmental sustainability impacts.

Discusses the multifaceted impact of improving bicycle powertrain efficiency.

常见搭配

унадаг дугуй
машины дугуй
дугуй хэлбэртэй
дугуй унах
дугуй солих
дугуй цэвэрлэх
том дугуй
жижиг дугуй
дугуй зарах
дугуй авах

常用短语

унадаг дугуй

дугуйтай

дугуй хэлбэртэй

дугуй унах

дугуй солих

дугуй зарах газар

дугуй унадаг хүн

дугуйны зам

дугуйтай машин

том дугуй

词族

名词

动词

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