jongere 30秒了解
- A 'jongere' is a young person, typically aged 12 to 25, filling the gap between childhood and adulthood.
- It is a 'de-word' and the plural form is 'jongeren', which is very common in news and formal Dutch.
- The word is a nominalized adjective, meaning it comes from 'jong' (young) but functions as a noun.
- Use 'jongere' in formal, academic, or general social contexts to refer to the youth demographic respectfully.
The Dutch word jongere is a fundamental noun for anyone moving into the B1 level of Dutch proficiency. At its core, it translates to 'a young person' or 'a youth.' However, its usage is more nuanced than the simple English 'kid' or 'child.' In the Netherlands and Belgium, a jongere typically refers to someone who has moved past the stage of childhood (usually starting around 12 years old) but has not yet reached full social or financial independence as an adult (often up to 25 years old). It is the preferred term in sociological, educational, and journalistic contexts to describe this specific demographic.
- Societal Status
- In Dutch society, de jongere is seen as an individual with growing autonomy. Unlike een kind (a child), a jongere is expected to have opinions on politics, climate change, and their own educational path. The plural form, jongeren, is used extensively in news headlines regarding the labor market, housing, and mental health.
- Grammatical Origin
- Grammatically, jongere is a nominalized adjective. It comes from the comparative form of jong (young), which is jonger. By adding the -e ending, it becomes a noun. This is a common pattern in Dutch, similar to volwassene (adult) from volwassen.
De jongere van tegenwoordig is erg handig met technologie.
You will encounter this word frequently in formal settings. For instance, a jongerenwerker is a professional youth worker. A jongerenwoning is a specific type of social housing designated for those under 28. It carries a sense of respect and recognition of the person's age-specific needs without the patronizing tone that 'child' might imply for a teenager.
Er is een speciaal programma voor elke jongere die hulp nodig heeft bij het vinden van werk.
- Policy Context
- In government documents, jongeren is the standard term. You will see it in phrases like jongerenparticipatie (youth participation) or jongerenbeleid (youth policy). It emphasizes the legal and social rights of the demographic.
Historically, the term gained prominence as the gap between childhood and adulthood lengthened in the 20th century. Before the 1950s, people often went straight from school to work, effectively becoming 'adults' at 14. Today, the 'jongere' phase is a distinct life stage characterized by exploration, education, and identity formation. Understanding this word helps you understand the Dutch perspective on the journey to maturity.
Using jongere correctly requires an understanding of its role as a 'de-word' and its pluralization. Because it is derived from an adjective, it follows specific rules. In the singular, it is de jongere (the young person). In the plural, it becomes de jongeren (the young people). Note that you should never use 'het' with this word, as it refers to people.
- Singular vs. Plural
- Singular: De jongere voelt zich vaak onbegrepen. (The young person often feels misunderstood.) Plural: Veel jongeren gaan in het weekend uit. (Many young people go out on the weekend.) The plural jongeren is far more common in daily speech and writing than the singular.
Is deze activiteit bedoeld voor een jongere of voor een volwassene?
One of the most important things to remember is that jongere is not the same as the comparative adjective jonger (younger). If you say 'Ik ben jonger,' you are saying 'I am younger' (than someone else). If you say 'Ik ben een jongere,' you are identifying yourself as a member of the youth demographic. This distinction is vital for B1 learners to master.
De groep bestond uit twintig jongeren uit verschillende landen.
In compound words, jongeren is almost always used in its plural form as the prefix. For example: jongerenorganisatie, jongerenafdeling, jongerenkorting (youth discount). This plural-prefix rule helps maintain the flow of the language and indicates that the subject applies to the group as a whole rather than just one individual.
- Common Verbs Used With Jongeren
- Verbs like bereiken (to reach), begeleiden (to coach/guide), and stimuleren (to encourage) are frequently paired with jongeren in professional contexts. For example: 'De overheid wil meer jongeren bereiken met deze campagne.'
Finally, consider the register. While jongere is perfectly fine in a conversation, it sounds slightly more clinical or 'correct' than saying kids (which is also used in Dutch) or jeugd. Use it when you want to sound like a proficient, serious speaker of Dutch who understands the social categories of the language.
If you turn on the Dutch news or open a newspaper like de Volkskrant or NRC, you will see jongeren everywhere. It is the standard term for the demographic in news reports. For example, you might hear a news anchor say: 'Steeds meer jongeren kampen met stress door de prestatiedruk op school.' This usage highlights how the word is used to discuss societal trends and challenges.
In het nieuws: 'De overheid investeert in meer sportplekken voor jongeren in de stad.'
In the education system, teachers and administrators use the word to refer to their students in a professional capacity. While a teacher might call their students leerlingen (pupils) in the classroom, in a meeting with parents or the school board, they will refer to them as de jongeren. It acknowledges their development into independent individuals.
- Public Transport and Services
- You will see this word on signs and websites related to discounts. The Dutch railways (NS) offer a Jongeren Dagkaart (Youth Day Ticket). Here, it specifically defines the age group eligible for the discount, usually 12 to 18 years old. In this context, it’s a very practical, everyday word.
Heb je een jongerenkorting voor je museumkaart?
In Dutch cities, you might see signs for a jongerencentrum. These are community centers specifically for teenagers and young adults to hang out, play music, or get advice. If you are walking through a neighborhood and see a group of teens, a Dutch person might describe them as een groepje jongeren. It is a neutral, non-judgmental way to describe them.
Social media also plays a role. Influencers might address their audience as 'Hé jongeren!' although this can sometimes sound a bit 'cringe' if not done correctly. More often, they will use 'mensen' or 'volgers.' But when marketing agencies talk about social media, they will always refer to the jongerendoelgroep (youth target group). It is the language of statistics and social reality.
The most common mistake English speakers make is confusing jongere (the noun) with jonger (the comparative adjective). In English, 'younger' is always an adjective. In Dutch, jongere functions as a noun. Forgetting the 'e' at the end changes the meaning entirely. Saying 'Ik zie een jonger' is grammatically incomplete and confusing to a native speaker.
- Confusion with 'Jeugd'
- Another frequent error is using jeugd when you should use jongeren. Jeugd is an abstract noun meaning 'youth' (the time of life) or a collective noun meaning 'the youth' (as a whole). You cannot say 'Er staan drie jeugd op de hoek.' You must say 'Er staan drie jongeren op de hoek.' Jongeren refers to countable individuals.
Fout: De jonger leest een boek.
Goed: De jongere leest een boek.
Gender confusion is another pitfall. While Dutch has 'de' and 'het' words, all words referring to specific people (like jongere, man, vrouw) are 'de' words. Beginners sometimes mistakenly use 'het' because they think of 'het kind' (the child). Remember: once they become a jongere, they graduate to 'de'.
Fout: Ik ben een jongeren.
Goed: Ik ben een jongere.
Lastly, learners often struggle with the age range. Don't use jongere for a 5-year-old. That is a kind or kleuter. Don't use it for a 40-year-old, even if they act young. That is a volwassene. Using the word for the wrong age group can sound sarcastic or simply incorrect. Stick to the 12-25 range for the most natural usage.
In summary: watch the 'e', use 'de', don't confuse it with the abstract 'jeugd', and keep the age group in mind. These steps will prevent the most common linguistic 'faux pas' and make your Dutch sound much more authentic.
While jongere is the most versatile term, Dutch has several other words to describe young people, each with its own nuance and register. Choosing the right one depends on whether you are being clinical, casual, or descriptive of a specific developmental stage.
- Tiener vs. Jongere
- Tiener (teenager) is almost identical to the English usage. It specifically refers to the ages 13-19. A jongere can be older than a tiener. You would use tiener when talking about 'teen angst' or 'teen magazines,' but jongere for 'youth employment' or 'youth policy.'
- Adolescent
- This is a more formal, psychological, or medical term. It focuses on the biological and psychological transition from childhood to adulthood. You will hear this in university lectures or read it in scientific papers. It sounds much more 'academic' than jongere.
De puber heeft vaak ruzie met zijn ouders.
Then there is puber. This word specifically refers to someone going through puberty. In Dutch, it often carries a slightly negative or humorous connotation, implying moodiness or rebellion. If a teenager is being difficult, a parent might sigh and say: 'Het is een echte puber.' You wouldn't use jongere in that specific emotional context.
- Student vs. Jongere
- In university towns like Utrecht or Leiden, people often use studenten. While most students are jongeren, the term jongeren is broader and includes those who are working or in vocational training (MBO), whereas student is specific to their educational status.
Lastly, consider jongvolwassene (young adult). This is used for the upper end of the 'jongere' spectrum, typically 18-30. It emphasizes that the person is an adult, but still 'young' in terms of life experience. Use this when you want to emphasize maturity while acknowledging youth.
趣味小知识
The word 'jongere' as a specific sociological noun for a 'youth' only became common in the 20th century. Before that, people were usually referred to as 'kinderen' (children) or 'jongelui' (young folks). The rise of 'jongere' mirrors the rise of the concept of 'adolescence' in Western culture.
发音指南
- Pronouncing the 'j' as an English 'j' (like 'jump'). It should be a 'y' sound.
- Making the 'o' too long (like 'bone'). It should be short.
- Omitting the final 'e' (pronouncing it like 'jonger').
- Adding a hard 'g' after the 'ng'.
- Stress on the second syllable.
按水平分级的例句
De jongere loopt naar school.
The young person walks to school.
Simple subject-verb-object structure.
Ik ben een jongere.
I am a young person.
Use of the indefinite article 'een'.
Zij is een jongere.
She is a young person.
Third person singular.
De jongeren spelen buiten.
The young people are playing outside.
Plural form 'jongeren'.
Ben jij een jongere?
Are you a young person?
Question form.
De jongere heeft een fiets.
The young person has a bike.
Possessive verb 'hebben'.
Kijk naar die jongere.
Look at that young person.
Imperative with a demonstrative pronoun.
Eén jongere en twee volwassenen.
One young person and two adults.
Contrast between age groups.
Veel jongeren houden van muziek.
Many young people love music.
Plural subject with 'veel'.
De jongere zoekt een bijbaantje.
The young person is looking for a side job.
Common A2 vocabulary 'bijbaantje'.
Er is een jongerencentrum in de buurt.
There is a youth center in the neighborhood.
Compound word 'jongerencentrum'.
Krijg ik jongerenkorting?
Do I get a youth discount?
Practical usage for travel/museums.
De jongeren gaan naar de bioscoop.
The young people are going to the cinema.
Plural motion verb.
Deze jongere is erg sportief.
This young person is very athletic.
Demonstrative 'deze' with singular noun.
Ik praat met de jongeren.
I am talking with the young people.
Prepositional phrase 'met de'.
De jongere draagt een blauwe jas.
The young person is wearing a blue coat.
Descriptive sentence.
De overheid wil jongeren helpen.
The government wants to help young people.
Modal verb 'willen' with infinitive.
Het is lastig voor een jongere om een huis te vinden.
It is difficult for a young person to find a house.
Infinitive construction with 'om...te'.
De jongerenraad geeft advies aan de burgemeester.
The youth council gives advice to the mayor.
Compound noun 'jongerenraad'.
Veel jongeren maken zich zorgen over het klimaat.
Many young people worry about the climate.
Reflexive verb 'zich zorgen maken'.
Als jongere heb je veel dromen.
As a young person, you have many dreams.
Usage of 'als' to denote a role.
De school organiseert een debat voor jongeren.
The school is organizing a debate for young people.
B1 level social context.
Wat vinden jongeren van dit nieuwe plan?
What do young people think of this new plan?
Interrogative about opinions.
De jongere die de prijs won, was erg blij.
The young person who won the prize was very happy.
Relative clause starting with 'die'.
De jongerenwerkloosheid is dit jaar gedaald.
Youth unemployment has decreased this year.
Abstract compound noun.
Jongeren worden vaak beïnvloed door sociale media.
Young people are often influenced by social media.
Passive voice 'worden...beïnvloed'.
Het beleid is gericht op kwetsbare jongeren.
The policy is aimed at vulnerable youth.
Formal adjective 'kwetsbaar'.
Onder jongeren is er veel belangstelling voor duurzaamheid.
Among young people, there is a lot of interest in sustainability.
Preposition 'onder' meaning 'among'.
De jongere moet gestimuleerd worden om zelfstandig te denken.
The young person must be encouraged to think independently.
Complex passive with modal verb.
Er zijn specifieke regels voor werkende jongeren.
There are specific rules for working youth.
Present participle 'werkende' as an adjective.
De participatie van jongeren in de politiek neemt toe.
The participation of young people in politics is increasing.
Formal noun 'participatie'.
Jongeren vormen de toekomst van onze maatschappij.
Young people form the future of our society.
Sociological statement.
De sociaal-economische status van de jongere speelt een grote rol.
The socio-economic status of the young person plays a major role.
Academic compound adjective.
Men onderzoekt de impact van digitalisering op jongeren.
The impact of digitalization on young people is being researched.
Use of 'men' for formal general subject.
De kloof tussen jongeren en ouderen wordt steeds groter.
The gap between young people and the elderly is getting wider.
Metaphorical use of 'kloof'.
Het is essentieel om de stem van de jongere te horen in dit debat.
It is essential to hear the voice of the young person in this debate.
Formal evaluative construction.
Probleemjongeren hebben vaak behoefte aan intensieve begeleiding.
At-risk youth often need intensive guidance.
Specific policy terminology.
De identiteitsvorming van de jongere is een complex proces.
The identity formation of the young person is a complex process.
Psychological terminology.
Jongerenorganisaties pleiten voor een lagere stemgerechtigde leeftijd.
Youth organizations advocate for a lower voting age.
Political verb 'pleiten voor'.
De vervreemding van jongeren in de grote stad is een groeiend probleem.
The alienation of young people in the big city is a growing problem.
Abstract noun 'vervreemding'.
De ambiguïteit van de term 'jongere' bemoeilijkt de wetgeving.
The ambiguity of the term 'young person' complicates legislation.
High-level vocabulary and abstract concepts.
In hoeverre reflecteert de jongere de waarden van de huidige tijdgeest?
To what extent does the young person reflect the values of the current zeitgeist?
Philosophical inquiry.
De marginalisering van bepaalde groepen jongeren behoeft directe aandacht.
The marginalization of certain groups of young people requires immediate attention.
Formal verb 'behoeven'.
Het discours over jongeren is vaak doorspekt met vooroordelen.
The discourse about young people is often peppered with prejudices.
Advanced stylistic expression 'doorspekt met'.
De dynamiek tussen jongeren en instituties is aan verandering onderhevig.
The dynamics between young people and institutions are subject to change.
Formal idiom 'aan verandering onderhevig'.
Men dient de autonomie van de jongere te waarborgen.
One ought to guarantee the autonomy of the young person.
Formal modal 'dienen' and legalistic 'waarborgen'.
De heterogeniteit van de jongerenpopulatie wordt vaak onderschat.
The heterogeneity of the youth population is often underestimated.
Statistical/sociological term.
Een holistische benadering van de jongere is noodzakelijk voor effectief beleid.
A holistic approach to the young person is necessary for effective policy.
Policy analysis terminology.
常见搭配
常用短语
— Young people of today (often used in a critical or comparative way).
De jongeren van tegenwoordig zitten alleen maar op hun telefoon.
— Young and old (referring to the whole population).
Dit park is voor jongeren en ouderen.
— For and by young people (often used for projects).
Dit festival is georganiseerd voor en door jongeren.
— The voice/opinion of young people.
We moeten luisteren naar de stem van jongeren.
— Young people in the job market.
De positie van jongeren op de arbeidsmarkt is verbeterd.
— Youth in trouble or facing difficulties.
Er is meer hulp nodig voor jongeren in de knel.
— Youth and alcohol (common topic of debate).
De regels voor jongeren en alcohol zijn strenger geworden.
— Young people with a disability.
Sporten is ook belangrijk voor jongeren met een beperking.
习语与表达
— The youth are the future. It emphasizes the importance of investing in young people.
Investeer in onderwijs, want de jeugd heeft de toekomst.
formal/common— Whoever has the youth has the future (often used in sports or politics).
Onze club investeert veel in de jeugdopleiding; wie de jeugd heeft, heeft de toekomst.
formal— To be like a young dog (full of energy and enthusiasm, often used for young people).
Hij rent rond als een jonge hond.
informal— To be green behind the ears (to be young and inexperienced).
Die jongere is nog erg groen achter de oren.
informal— The flower of the nation (ironic or poetic way to refer to the youth).
Daar gaat de bloem der natie naar de kroeg.
literary/ironic— What is learned in youth is done in old age (skills learned young are never forgotten).
Hij begon op zijn vijfde met piano; jong geleerd is oud gedaan.
proverb— To be off the street (meaning young people are occupied and not getting into trouble).
Met dit voetbaltoernooi zijn de jongeren even van de straat.
informal— To be fed with a spoon (to learn something from a very young age).
Het zeilen is hem met de paplepel ingegoten.
informal— The young ones (informal, slightly collective way to refer to kids/teens).
Het jonge grut vermaakt zich wel op het strand.
informal— The new generation.
De jongeren van nu vormen de nieuwe generatie ondernemers.
neutral词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of a 'Young Ear' (Jong-ere). A young person is someone with a 'young ear' who is still listening and learning about the world before they become an adult.
视觉联想
Imagine a teenager standing between a small child and a tall adult. The teenager has a bright 'e' glowing above their head, representing the 'e' at the end of 'jongere'.
Word Web
挑战
Try to use 'jongere' three times today: once when talking about a discount, once when talking about a student, and once when reading the news.
词源
The word 'jongere' is a substantivized comparative form of the Dutch adjective 'jong'. The adjective 'jong' comes from the Middle Dutch 'jonck', which traces back to the Proto-Germanic '*juwungas'. The suffix '-ere' is used in Dutch to turn adjectives into nouns referring to people, a process that became more formalized in the early modern period.
原始含义： The original meaning was simply 'one who is younger' in comparison to someone else.
Indo-European > Germanic > West Germanic > Dutch文化背景
In the Netherlands, 'jongeren' are often seen as a highly empowered group. Dutch culture emphasizes 'polderen' (consensus-seeking), and this extends to youth. There are numerous 'jongerenraden' (youth councils) even at the municipal level where 'jongeren' are invited to give their input on city planning. Furthermore, the 'jongerencentrum' is a staple of Dutch towns, providing a safe space for youth to socialize. This reflects a society that values the transition period of 'jongeren' as a vital stage of democratic participation. Additionally, the 'Jeugdjournaal' is a famous Dutch news program specifically for 'jongeren' and children, which is internationally praised for treating its young audience with respect and seriousness.
Summary
The word 'jongere' is the standard, neutral Dutch term for a young person or youth (ages 12-25). Unlike 'kind' (child), it implies a degree of autonomy and is essential for discussing education, social issues, and news. Example: 'De jongere zoekt zijn eigen weg in de wereld.'
- A 'jongere' is a young person, typically aged 12 to 25, filling the gap between childhood and adulthood.
- It is a 'de-word' and the plural form is 'jongeren', which is very common in news and formal Dutch.
- The word is a nominalized adjective, meaning it comes from 'jong' (young) but functions as a noun.
- Use 'jongere' in formal, academic, or general social contexts to refer to the youth demographic respectfully.
相关内容
更多social词汇
aandringen
B1坚持要求
aangaan
B1建立关系或签订合同。
aanmoedigen
B1To give support or confidence to someone
aanzien
B1“aanzien”这个词指的是一个人的声望、威信或社会地位。
afkeuren
B2表示不赞成或不合格。例如，机械师在年检中判定汽车不合格。
afkomst
B2一个人的出身或背景。 “他是土耳其裔。”
afspreken
B2To agree on a time or place to meet
alsjeblieft
A1Please or here you go.
arrogant
C1对自己或自己的能力有夸大的看法，常常表现出傲慢或居高临下的态度。
attentie
B1一个小礼物或心意。 '这是给你的一点小 attentie。' / 'Attentie（注意），请听我说！'
