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A2 adjective 12分钟阅读

básica

例句 笔记与提示 básica 30秒了解
解析 básica in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know that básica is the feminine version of 'básico'. It means 'basic'. You will use it to describe simple things like a 'camiseta básica' (basic shirt) or a 'pergunta básica' (basic question). Remember: if the word ends in 'a', use 'básica'. If it ends in 'o', use 'básico'. This is one of the first adjectives you learn because it helps you describe your level of Portuguese: 'Meu português é básico' (My Portuguese is basic) – wait, 'português' is masculine, so 'básico'! But if you say 'Minha conversação é básica' (My conversation is basic), you use the feminine form because 'conversação' is feminine. It is a very useful word for beginners to manage expectations during a conversation.
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At the A2 level, you start to see básica in common phrases. The most important one is 'cesta básica'. This is a box of essential food. In Brazil, people talk about the price of the 'cesta básica' a lot. You also learn about 'educação básica', which is what children do in school. You should focus on making sure the adjective agrees with the noun every time. For example, 'uma ideia básica' (a basic idea) or 'uma regra básica' (a basic rule). You are moving beyond just 'simple' and starting to understand that 'básica' means something is a necessary foundation for something else. You might also use it to describe your skills: 'Tenho uma noção básica de cozinha' (I have a basic notion of cooking).
By B1, you should use básica to discuss more complex social and technical topics. You will encounter terms like 'Unidade Básica de Saúde' (Primary Health Unit) or 'infraestrutura básica' (basic infrastructure). You should be able to explain *why* something is basic. For instance, 'A infraestrutura básica é necessária para o crescimento da cidade' (Basic infrastructure is necessary for the city's growth). You also start to distinguish between 'básica' and synonyms like 'essencial' or 'fundamental'. You might use the word to describe a minimalist lifestyle or fashion choice: 'Ela prefere uma estética básica' (She prefers a basic/minimalist aesthetic). At this level, your word order (Noun + Adjective) should be automatic.
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At the B2 level, básica appears in more abstract contexts. You might discuss 'renda básica universal' (universal basic income) or 'premissas básicas' (basic premises) in an argument. You understand the nuance that calling a theory 'básica' might imply it is foundational, or it might imply it is too simple, depending on your tone. You can use the superlative 'basicíssima' to emphasize that a rule or concept is extremely fundamental. You are also aware of the social implications of the word, such as how the 'cesta básica' affects the national economy. You should be comfortable using the word in professional emails, reports, and debates about social rights and education policy.
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At the C1 level, you use básica with precision in academic or professional discourse. You might analyze the 'estrutura básica' of a literary work or a legal framework. You understand that básica can be used to describe the 'lowest common denominator' in a sociological context. You can navigate the subtle differences between 'básica', 'elementar', and 'rudimentar'. For example, you know that 'uma técnica rudimentar' suggests something primitive, while 'uma técnica básica' suggests a solid starting point. You can use the word in complex sentences with multiple clauses, ensuring agreement across the entire sentence even when the noun and adjective are separated by other words.
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At the C2 level, your use of básica is indistinguishable from a native speaker. You might use it ironically or to make a sharp point in a critique: 'A falha básica do seu argumento reside na falta de evidências' (The basic flaw in your argument lies in the lack of evidence). You understand the deep cultural history of terms like 'cesta básica' in Brazil and 'ensino básico' in Portugal, including the legislative history behind them. You can use the word in high-level creative writing to establish a tone of simplicity or starkness. You are also sensitive to how 'básica' is used in different Lusophone dialects (Angolan, Mozambican, etc.) and can adapt your usage accordingly in formal diplomatic or academic settings.
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例句 笔记与提示

básica 30秒了解

  • Básica is the feminine singular adjective for 'basic', used to describe essential, foundational, or elementary concepts in Portuguese.
  • It is most commonly found in terms like 'cesta básica' (essential food) and 'educação básica' (K-12 schooling).
  • Grammatically, it must agree with feminine nouns, following the noun in most standard sentence structures.
  • While it can mean 'simple', it often carries the weight of being a 'fundamental requirement' rather than just 'easy'.
The Portuguese word básica is the feminine singular form of the adjective básico. At its core, it functions identically to the English word 'basic,' but its cultural and social weight in Lusophone countries, particularly Brazil, carries nuances that go beyond simple simplicity. When you describe something as básica, you are identifying it as the fundamental layer upon which everything else is built. It is the bedrock, the essential, and the non-negotiable starting point. In daily life, you will hear this word applied to everything from education to grocery shopping. For instance, in Brazil, the term is synonymous with survival through the concept of the cesta básica—a standardized bundle of essential food and hygiene products used to measure the cost of living and provide for the needy.
Fundamental Essence
In a philosophical or structural sense, básica refers to the primary elements of a system. A 'regra básica' (basic rule) is not just a simple rule; it is the rule that, if broken, causes the entire system to fail. It implies a hierarchy of importance where this specific item sits at the very bottom, supporting the weight of all complexities above it.

A educação básica é um direito fundamental de todos os cidadãos portugueses e brasileiros.

Translation: Basic education is a fundamental right of all Portuguese and Brazilian citizens.
Beyond the academic or structural, the word is used in fashion and lifestyle. A 'camiseta básica' (basic t-shirt) is a staple item, usually plain and versatile. However, notice how the gender agreement works: because 'camiseta' is feminine, we must use básica. If we were talking about a 'carro' (car), we would use 'básico'. This distinction is crucial for learners to master. In social contexts, calling someone 'básica' can sometimes carry a slightly pejorative tone in modern slang, similar to the English 'basic,' implying a lack of originality or following mainstream trends without critical thought, though this is less common than the literal meaning. In professional settings, you will encounter 'infraestrutura básica' (basic infrastructure). This refers to the essential services like water, electricity, and sewage. When a politician or an engineer speaks of básica in this context, they are emphasizing that without these elements, no further development can occur. It is the 'sine qua non' of social organization.
Social Context
The 'Unidade Básica de Saúde' (UBS) in Brazil is the first point of contact in the public health system. Here, básica signifies 'primary' or 'entry-level' care, highlighting its role as the foundation of the healthcare pyramid.

Precisamos comprar uma cesta básica para a família que se mudou hoje.

Lastly, in logic and mathematics, a 'premissa básica' (basic premise) is the starting point of an argument. If the básica part is flawed, the entire conclusion is discarded. This demonstrates that while the word might seem 'simple' (simples), it actually carries the most weight in any logical structure. Understanding básica is about understanding the core requirements of any situation, whether you are talking about a recipe (ingrediente básico - wait, ingrediente is masculine, so 'ingrediente básico', but 'receita básica'!), a law, or a conversation.
Using básica correctly requires a keen eye for grammatical gender. Since it is an adjective, it must mirror the noun it modifies. In Portuguese, nouns like pergunta (question), ideia (idea), and necessidade (necessity) are feminine, thus requiring the 'a' ending. This section explores the structural deployment of the word across various syntactic environments.
Adjective Positioning
Typically, básica follows the noun: 'Uma função básica'. Placing it before the noun ('Uma básica função') is rare and usually reserved for poetic or highly formal emphasis, which can sound unnatural in everyday speech. Stick to the Noun + Adjective pattern for 99% of your interactions.
When you want to emphasize that something is *merely* basic, you might pair it with 'apenas' or 'simplesmente'. For example: 'Esta é apenas uma configuração básica' (This is just a basic configuration). Here, it implies a lack of advanced features. Conversely, when used in a positive light, it can be paired with 'sólida': 'Ela tem uma formação básica muito sólida' (She has a very solid basic education/foundation).

A básica diferença entre os dois modelos é o preço.

Note: Here 'básica' precedes 'diferença' to emphasize that the difference is the most fundamental one.
In the plural form, it becomes básicas. This is used with feminine plural nouns like regras (rules) or ferramentas (tools). 'As ferramentas básicas para o jardim estão na garagem' (The basic tools for the garden are in the garage). Notice how the article 'As', the noun 'ferramentas', and the adjective 'básicas' all agree in gender and number. This 'rhyming' effect is a hallmark of correct Portuguese grammar. In comparative structures, you might say 'Esta versão é mais básica do que a outra' (This version is more basic than the other). Unlike English, which sometimes uses 'baser' (though rare), Portuguese always uses 'mais básica'. In superlative forms, you can say 'A mais básica de todas' (The most basic of all) or use the suffix '-íssima' for extreme emphasis: 'Esta é uma regra basicíssima!' (This is an extremely basic rule!).
Common Noun Pairings
  • Cesta básica: Monthly essential food supply.
  • Educação básica: K-12 schooling.
  • Renda básica: Basic income (as in Universal Basic Income).
  • Necessidade básica: Basic human need (food, shelter).
Finally, consider the use of básica in tech contexts. 'Uma conta básica' refers to a free or entry-level subscription tier. In this sense, it is often contrasted with 'premium' or 'pro'. If you are designing an app for a Portuguese audience, your 'Free Tier' would likely be labeled as 'Plano Básico' (since plano is masculine) or 'Assinatura Básica' (since assinatura is feminine). The choice of the word básica here communicates to the user that they will receive the essential functions but none of the bells and whistles.
You will hear básica in a staggering variety of contexts, ranging from the aisles of a supermarket in São Paulo to the lecture halls of the University of Coimbra. Its ubiquity stems from its role as a descriptor for the essential components of life. Let's break down the specific environments where this word will hit your ears most frequently.
The Supermarket & Economy
In Brazil, the news often reports on the 'preço da cesta básica'. This is a vital economic indicator. If the price of the 'cesta básica' rises, it means inflation is hitting the poorest citizens the hardest. You might hear a shopper sigh, 'A cesta básica está caríssima este mês!' (The basic food basket is very expensive this month!).

'O governo anunciou um novo programa de renda básica para as famílias de baixa renda.'

Common news headline regarding social welfare.
In schools and universities, the term 'Educação Básica' is the official designation for the stages of education before higher education (university). It includes 'Educação Infantil' (Preschool), 'Ensino Fundamental' (Elementary/Middle School), and 'Ensino Médio' (High School). When parents talk about their children's schooling, they might say, 'O currículo da educação básica mudou novamente' (The basic education curriculum has changed again). This usage is formal but essential for navigating the education system. In the world of fashion, particularly in Lisbon or Rio de Janeiro, you'll hear the term used to describe a style. 'Ela estava com uma roupa básica, mas elegante' (She was wearing a basic but elegant outfit). Here, básica means minimalist—jeans and a white tee, for example. It's often a compliment, suggesting that one doesn't need flashy items to look good. In shops, sales assistants might point you to the 'coleção básica', which consists of everyday essentials like socks, plain shirts, and underwear.
Healthcare & Public Services
When asking for directions to a clinic in Brazil, you might be told to look for the 'UBS'—the Unidade Básica de Saúde. This is the community health center. Hearing 'básica' in this context implies accessibility and primary care. It is the 'front line' of the medical world.
In technical or DIY contexts, if you are buying tools or supplies, you might ask for a 'caixa básica de ferramentas' (a basic toolbox). If you are learning a new language or skill, the teacher will start with the 'gramática básica' (basic grammar) or 'técnica básica' (basic technique). In all these instances, the word básica acts as a signal that you are dealing with the foundation, the 'must-knows' before moving to more complex territory.
Even though básica seems straightforward, English speakers often stumble over its usage due to gender agreement and subtle semantic differences between 'basic' and 'simple'. Understanding these pitfalls is the key to moving from a beginner to an intermediate speaker.
The Gender Trap
The most frequent error is failing to change 'básico' to básica when the noun is feminine. Many learners say 'O curso é básico' (correct) but then say 'A aula é básico' (incorrect). Since 'aula' (class) is feminine, it MUST be 'A aula é básica'.

Incorrect: 'Eu preciso de uma informação básico.'

Correct: 'Eu preciso de uma informação básica.'

Another mistake is confusing básica with simples. While they are often synonyms, they are not always interchangeable. Básica refers to something that is a foundation or a requirement. Simples refers to something that is not complex or difficult. For example, a 'pergunta básica' is a question about a fundamental concept. A 'pergunta simples' is a question that is easy to answer. They often overlap, but 'básica' implies a structural necessity that 'simples' does not. English speakers also tend to over-apply the slang meaning of 'basic' (meaning 'uncool' or 'mainstream'). While younger Portuguese speakers might understand this because of internet culture, using básica as an insult is much less common in Portuguese than in English. If you call someone 'uma pessoa básica', they might just think you mean they are uncomplicated or straightforward, rather than unoriginal. Context is everything here.
Pronunciation Pitfall
The stress is on the first syllable: BÁ-si-ca. Many English speakers try to stress the middle syllable (ba-SI-ca) because of the English word 'basic'. Always remember that the acute accent (´) on the 'á' tells you exactly where the volume and pitch should rise.
Lastly, avoid using básica when you mean 'elementary' in the sense of 'childish'. For that, 'primário' or 'infantil' might be more appropriate. Básica always retains a sense of being an essential building block, regardless of the age or sophistication of the subject. If you are talking about 'basic needs' (necessidades básicas), you are talking about survival, not simplicity.
To truly enrich your Portuguese, you should know when to use básica and when to opt for a more precise alternative. Portuguese is a rich language with many synonyms that highlight different aspects of 'basicity'.
Fundamental
This is perhaps the strongest synonym. While básica can sometimes sound a bit plain, fundamental adds a layer of importance. 'Uma regra básica' is a starting point; 'uma regra fundamental' is a rule that must never be broken. Use 'fundamental' when you want to sound more formal or emphatic.

'A liberdade de expressão é uma necessidade essencial (not just básica) para a democracia.'

Another alternative is essencial. Use this when the 'basic' item is absolutely required for a specific outcome. While 'básica' describes the nature of the thing, 'essencial' describes its necessity. For example, 'água é uma necessidade básica' (it's at the bottom of the pyramid) and 'água é essencial para a vida' (you cannot live without it). If you are talking about something that is the 'first' in a series, you might use primária. This is often used in biology or economics (setor primário). In the context of needs, 'necessidades primárias' and 'necessidades básicas' are often used interchangeably, though 'primária' feels slightly more scientific or academic.
Comparison Table
  • Básica: Standard, foundational, entry-level.
  • Simples: Not complex, easy, plain.
  • Essencial: Absolutely necessary, cannot be omitted.
  • Primordial: Existing from the beginning, of the utmost importance.
  • Rudirmentar: Very basic, often implying it's underdeveloped or primitive.
When describing a person's knowledge, if they only know the very basics, you might say they have a 'noção superficial' (superficial notion) or 'conhecimento limitado' (limited knowledge). Using básica in 'conhecimento básico' is perfectly fine and very common, but these alternatives allow you to specify whether that 'basic' level is a good start or a problematic lack of depth. By varying your vocabulary, you avoid sounding repetitive and can convey more exact meanings in your Portuguese conversations.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word 'básica' shares the same root as 'basilica', which originally referred to a royal building or a foundation of law.

发音指南

UK /ˈbazikɐ/
US /ˈbɑzikə/
First syllable (BÁ-si-ca).
押韵词
clássica jurássica potássica drástica elástica plástica fantástica ginástica
常见错误
  • Stressing the second syllable (ba-SI-ca) like the English 'basic'.
  • Pronouncing the 's' like 'ss' instead of 'z'.
  • Making the final 'a' too long or stressed.
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按水平分级的例句

1

Esta é uma pergunta básica.

This is a basic question.

Pergunta is feminine, so use básica.

2

Eu quero uma camiseta básica branca.

I want a basic white t-shirt.

Camiseta is feminine.

3

A regra é básica: não fume aqui.

The rule is basic: don't smoke here.

Regra is feminine.

4

Ela tem uma casa básica.

She has a basic house.

Casa is feminine.

5

A comida básica é arroz e feijão.

The basic food is rice and beans.

Comida is feminine.

6

Esta é a lição básica de hoje.

This is today's basic lesson.

Lição is feminine.

7

Eu li uma história básica.

I read a basic story.

História is feminine.

8

A cor básica da parede é azul.

The basic color of the wall is blue.

Cor is feminine.

1

O preço da cesta básica subiu muito.

The price of the basic food basket rose a lot.

Cesta básica is a fixed term in Brazil.

2

A educação básica é importante para as crianças.

Basic education is important for children.

Educação is feminine.

3

Ela comprou uma sandália básica para o verão.

She bought a basic sandal for the summer.

Sandália is feminine.

4

Eu preciso de uma informação básica sobre o voo.

I need basic information about the flight.

Informação is feminine.

5

A configuração básica do celular é fácil.

The basic configuration of the cell phone is easy.

Configuração is feminine.

6

Temos uma necessidade básica de água potável.

We have a basic need for potable water.

Necessidade is feminine.

7

Esta ferramenta é básica para o jardim.

This tool is basic for the garden.

Ferramenta is feminine.

8

A estrutura básica da frase está correta.

The basic structure of the sentence is correct.

Estrutura is feminine.

1

A Unidade Básica de Saúde fica perto da minha casa.

The Basic Health Unit is near my house.

Unidade is feminine.

2

A infraestrutura básica da cidade precisa de melhorias.

The city's basic infrastructure needs improvements.

Infraestrutura is feminine.

3

Ela segue uma rotina básica de exercícios.

She follows a basic exercise routine.

Rotina is feminine.

4

A premissa básica do filme é a amizade.

The movie's basic premise is friendship.

Premissa is feminine.

5

Eles oferecem uma garantia básica de um ano.

They offer a basic one-year warranty.

Garantia is feminine.

6

A lógica básica do sistema é simples de entender.

The basic logic of the system is simple to understand.

Lógica is feminine.

7

Precisamos de uma reforma básica na cozinha.

We need a basic renovation in the kitchen.

Reforma is feminine.

8

A versão básica do software é gratuita.

The basic version of the software is free.

Versão is feminine.

1

A renda básica universal é um tema de debate global.

Universal basic income is a topic of global debate.

Renda is feminine.

2

A formação básica dele foi em uma escola pública.

His basic education was in a public school.

Formação is feminine.

3

Esta é a exigência básica para o cargo.

This is the basic requirement for the position.

Exigência is feminine.

4

A estratégia básica da empresa é o baixo custo.

The company's basic strategy is low cost.

Estratégia is feminine.

5

A unidade básica de processamento é o chip.

The basic unit of processing is the chip.

Unidade is feminine.

6

A célula é a unidade básica da vida.

The cell is the basic unit of life.

Unidade is feminine.

7

A lei básica da oferta e procura rege o mercado.

The basic law of supply and demand governs the market.

Lei is feminine.

8

A técnica básica de pintura requer paciência.

The basic painting technique requires patience.

Técnica is feminine.

1

A premissa básica da sua teoria foi contestada pelos pares.

The basic premise of your theory was contested by peers.

Premissa is feminine.

2

A competência básica em matemática é essencial para o curso.

Basic competence in mathematics is essential for the course.

Competência is feminine.

3

A estrutura básica do DNA foi descoberta em 1953.

The basic structure of DNA was discovered in 1953.

Estrutura is feminine.

4

A função básica do Estado é garantir a segurança.

The basic function of the State is to ensure security.

Função is feminine.

5

A gramática básica pode ser enganosamente complexa.

Basic grammar can be deceptively complex.

Gramática is feminine.

6

A unidade básica de análise neste estudo é a família.

The basic unit of analysis in this study is the family.

Unidade is feminine.

7

A norma básica de conduta deve ser respeitada por todos.

The basic norm of conduct must be respected by all.

Norma is feminine.

8

A organização básica da empresa mudou após a fusão.

The basic organization of the company changed after the merger.

Organização is feminine.

1

A ontologia básica do ser é um mistério filosófico.

The basic ontology of being is a philosophical mystery.

Ontologia is feminine.

2

A falha básica do sistema reside na sua rigidez excessiva.

The basic flaw of the system lies in its excessive rigidity.

Falha is feminine.

3

A arquitetura básica do processador permite multitarefa.

The basic architecture of the processor allows multitasking.

Arquitetura is feminine.

4

A sintaxe básica da língua esconde nuances profundas.

The basic syntax of the language hides deep nuances.

Sintaxe is feminine.

5

A premissa básica de que o homem é bom é debatível.

The basic premise that man is good is debatable.

Premissa is feminine.

6

A estrutura básica da narrativa segue o modelo clássico.

The basic structure of the narrative follows the classic model.

Estrutura is feminine.

7

A unidade básica de radiação foi medida com precisão.

The basic unit of radiation was measured with precision.

Unidade is feminine.

8

A premissa básica da economia circular é o desperdício zero.

The basic premise of the circular economy is zero waste.

Premissa is feminine.

近义词

fundamental essencial elementar primária rudimentar simples crucial basilar

反义词

avançada complexa supérflua secundária

常见搭配

cesta básica
educação básica
unidade básica
regra básica
necessidade básica
infraestrutura básica
configuração básica
renda básica
ferramenta básica
ideia básica

常用短语

De forma básica

— In a simple or fundamental way.

Ele explicou o problema de forma básica.

O básico do básico

— The very essentials, nothing more.

Eu só sei o básico do básico de violão.

Versão básica

— The entry-level version of something.

Eu uso a versão básica do Spotify.

Formação básica

— One's foundational education or training.

Minha formação básica foi em artes.

Lógica básica

— Obvious or fundamental reasoning.

Pela lógica básica, se chover, vamos nos molhar.

Estrutura básica

— The main framework of something.

A estrutura básica do prédio está pronta.

Gramática básica

— The fundamental rules of a language.

Estude a gramática básica primeiro.

Higiene básica

— Essential cleanliness habits.

Lavar as mãos é higiene básica.

Pergunta básica

— A simple or fundamental question.

Posso fazer uma pergunta básica?

Peça básica

— A staple item (usually in clothing).

Uma calça jeans é uma peça básica.

习语与表达

"Voltar à estaca básica"

— To go back to the very beginning or the basics.

O projeto falhou, vamos voltar à estaca básica.

Informal
"Arroz com feijão básico"

— Something very standard or ordinary, the 'bread and butter'.

O show dele foi o arroz com feijão básico.

Slang/Informal
"Básico do básico"

— Absolutely the most minimal level possible.

Ele não sabe nem o básico do básico de etiqueta.

Informal
"Fazer a linha básica"

— To act or dress in a very simple, non-flashy way.

Hoje eu vou fazer a linha básica e usar só um vestido preto.

Slang
"Cesta básica da vida"

— Metaphor for the essential things one needs to survive emotionally.

Amor e saúde são a cesta básica da vida.

Poetic
"Regra de ouro básica"

— A fundamental rule that is also the most important.

A regra de ouro básica é não mentir.

Neutral
"Em termos básicos"

— In simple terms.

Em termos básicos, a empresa está falindo.

Neutral
"Nível básico"

— The lowest tier of skill or service.

Meu inglês ainda está no nível básico.

Neutral
"Necessidade básica insatisfeita"

— A technical term for poverty conditions.

Muitas famílias têm necessidades básicas insatisfeitas.

Formal
"Ponto de partida básico"

— The essential starting point of a journey or argument.

Este é o nosso ponto de partida básico.

Neutral

词族

名词

base
basilar
basamento

动词

basear
embasar

形容词

básico
básica
basilar

相关

alicerce
fundamento
princípio
suporte
essência
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记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'BASKET' (Cesta Básica). If you have the basket, you have the BASics.

视觉联想

Imagine the very bottom block of a Jenga tower. That block is the 'peça básica'.

Word Web

Base Education Food Needs Rules Simple Foundation Essential

挑战

Try to find 3 feminine objects in your room and describe them as 'básica' (e.g., uma mesa básica, uma cadeira básica, uma caneta básica).

词源

From the Latin 'basis', which in turn comes from the Greek 'basis' (stepping, pedestal, base).

原始含义： The foundation or pedestal on which something stands.

Romance (Latinate).

文化背景

Be careful when calling a person 'básica' in a social setting; it can be interpreted as calling them 'simple-minded' if the tone is wrong.

English speakers often use 'basic' to mean 'easy'. In Portuguese, 'básica' is more about being 'essential'.

The 'Cesta Básica' law in Brazil (Decreto-Lei nº 399). The 'Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional' (LDB). Basic Instinct (movie) is translated as 'Instinto Selvagem' in Brazil, but the word 'básico' is used in other titles.
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