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B1 verb 12分钟阅读

exaurir

开始练习例句笔记与提示 exaurir 30秒了解

解析 exaurir in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the verb 'exaurir' itself very often, but you will definitely hear its cousin, the adjective 'exausto' (exhausted). At this beginner stage, think of 'exausto' as 'muito, muito cansado' (very, very tired). If you have been walking all day in Lisbon or Rio de Janeiro, you are not just 'cansado', you are 'exausto'. It's a useful word to express that you need to stop and rest immediately. You can use it with the verb 'estar' (to be) to describe how you feel: 'Eu estou exausto'. Even at A1, knowing this word helps you emphasize your feelings. You don't need to worry about the complex grammar of the verb 'exaurir' yet; just focus on the feeling of having zero energy left after a long day of travel or study. Remember that 'exausto' changes to 'exhausta' if the person speaking is female. It's a great way to sound more like a native speaker who knows more than just the word 'cansado'. Imagine you just finished a big Portuguese test - you would look at your friend and say 'Estou exausto!' to show how much effort you put in.

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At the A2 level, you can start to understand 'exaurir' as an action, not just a feeling. You might see it in simple sentences about nature or work. For example, 'O trabalho exaure o homem' (Work exhausts the man). You are learning that some verbs describe a process. You can also start to recognize the word in the context of 'running out' of things. If you are reading a simple news story about a drought, you might see that the water in a lake is 'exaurindo'. At this level, you should also notice the spelling with 'x' but the sound of 'z'. This is a common pattern in Portuguese words starting with 'ex-' followed by a vowel, like 'exemplo' or 'exame'. Recognizing this pattern will help your pronunciation. You can also start using 'exaurido' as a more formal way to say you are finished with a task. Instead of 'terminado', 'exaurido' implies you worked until you couldn't work anymore. It adds a bit of drama and precision to your simple stories about your daily life and routines.

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At the B1 level, 'exaurir' becomes a very useful verb for discussing intermediate topics like the environment, health, and personal limits. You are now expected to know that 'exaurir' is a more formal and precise version of 'esgotar'. You should be able to use it to describe resources: 'Temos que cuidar do planeta para não exaurir os recursos naturais'. This shows you can talk about global issues. You also start to use 'exaurir' in its reflexive form: 'Ele se exauriu de tanto estudar para o exame'. This 'se exauriu' (exhausted himself) is a common way to talk about effort and consequences. At B1, you also begin to see the word used for abstract things like patience or time. 'Minha paciência está se exaurindo' (My patience is running out) is a great phrase to use in a slightly more formal or serious situation. You should also be aware that 'exaurir' is a 'verbo defectivo' and naturally avoid the first person present 'eu exauro', preferring to say 'eu fico exaurido' or using other verbs. This shows a maturing understanding of Portuguese grammar and usage.

At the B2 level, you should use 'exaurir' with confidence in both professional and academic settings. You understand the nuance between 'exaurir' (a process of drawing out) and 'esgotar' (simply running out). In a business meeting, you might say, 'Precisamos exaurir todas as possibilidades antes de desistir do projeto'. This shows you are a thorough and serious professional. You also use the word to discuss complex social issues, like how the current economic system might 'exaurir' the working class or how a specific policy might 'exaurir' the state budget. Your vocabulary is now rich enough to choose 'exaurir' for its gravity. You also understand the legal and administrative uses, such as 'exaurir as vias administrativas', meaning to finish all the bureaucratic steps. At this level, your pronunciation is expected to be correct (the 'z' sound for 'x'), and your spelling should be perfect. You can also appreciate the word in literature, understanding when an author uses it to create a mood of profound emptiness or finality in a story.

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At the C1 level, 'exaurir' is a tool for precision and stylistic flair. You use it to discuss philosophical or highly technical subjects. For instance, in a thesis or a high-level debate, you might talk about the 'exaustão' (exhaustion) of a specific philosophical model or how a rhetorical strategy has been 'exaurida' by over-use. You understand the subtle differences between 'exaurir', 'depauperar', and 'consumir'. You can use the word pronominally in complex structures: 'A sociedade contemporânea exaure-se na busca por um ideal inalcançável'. This level of expression shows a deep mastery of the language's capacity for abstraction. You are also sensitive to the 'defectivo' nature of the verb and can navigate around it effortlessly, perhaps even using the rare forms correctly in a poetic or archaic context if the situation calls for it. You recognize the word's Latin roots and how they influence its meaning in other Romance languages, which helps you use it with even greater historical and linguistic awareness.

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At the C2 level, 'exaurir' is used with the ease of a native speaker who has a literary background. You can use the word in its most nuanced and metaphorical senses. You might speak of a 'poética da exaustão' (poetics of exhaustion) when analyzing a contemporary artist's work. You are fully aware of the word's register and can use it to create specific effects in your writing, whether you are writing a legal brief, a scientific paper, or a novel. You understand that 'exaurir' implies a finality that 'cansar' or even 'esgotar' sometimes lacks - it is the absolute end of a reservoir. You can play with the word's sounds and its place in a sentence to achieve a specific rhythm or emphasis. At this level, 'exaurir' is not just a word for being tired; it is a conceptual anchor for discussing the limits of human experience, the depletion of the natural world, and the completion of intellectual systems. You use it with total control, knowing exactly when its gravity is needed and when a simpler word would suffice.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

exaurir 30秒了解

Exaurir is a formal Portuguese verb meaning to exhaust or deplete completely, moving beyond simple tiredness into total emptiness.
It is commonly used for physical energy, natural resources like oil or water, and abstract concepts like patience or legal procedures.
The word is spelled with an 'x' but pronounced like a 'z', and it is often found in news, medical, and academic contexts.
As a 'verbo defectivo', some forms are rarely used, with speakers often preferring the past participle 'exaurido' or synonyms like 'esgotar'.

The Portuguese verb exaurir is a sophisticated and powerful term that goes far beyond the simple concept of being tired. At its core, it describes a process of total depletion, where a resource, energy, or capacity is drawn out until nothing remains. Rooted in the Latin exhaurire, which literally means 'to draw out' (as in drawing water from a well), the word carries a historical weight of emptiness and completion. In contemporary Portuguese, it is used to describe the state of being utterly spent, whether physically, mentally, or materially. While a student might say they are 'cansado' (tired) after a class, they would use 'exaurido' (the past participle) to describe their state after a grueling twelve-hour entrance exam. This verb implies that the reservoir of strength has been completely drained, leaving the subject in a state of profound fatigue that requires significant recovery.

Physical Depletion: Refers to the total loss of bodily strength, often used in sports, heavy labor, or long-term illness scenarios where the body has no more to give.

A maratona serviu para exaurir até o último fôlego dos competidores.

Beyond the human body, 'exaurir' is a critical term in environmental and economic contexts. When a nation overuses its natural resources, such as water or minerals, it is said to 'exaurir os recursos'. This highlights the gravity of the situation; it isn't just a temporary shortage, but a systemic emptying of the supply. In the realm of psychology and modern work culture, 'exaurir' is frequently linked to the concept of burnout. It describes the emotional and mental drain that comes from chronic stress, where a person feels they can no longer meet the demands of their environment because their internal 'battery' is at zero percent. In academic or formal debates, one might 'exaurir um assunto' (exhaust a subject), meaning that every possible angle has been discussed and there is nothing new left to say. This demonstrates the verb's versatility in moving from the physical world to the world of ideas.

Resource Depletion: Used when talking about oil wells, soil nutrients, or financial reserves being completely used up.

A exploração desenfreada pode exaurir o solo em poucos anos.

Furthermore, the verb is often used in the passive voice or as an adjective (exausto/exaurido) to describe a person's state. It carries a more formal tone than 'esgotar', though they are often synonyms. When you choose 'exaurir', you are signaling a higher level of vocabulary and a more precise description of total consumption. It is common in literature, news reporting, and formal speeches.

Abstract Depletion: Applies to patience, hope, or possibilities, indicating that a limit has been reached where no further progress can be made.

Ele sentiu que as críticas constantes acabaram por exaurir sua paciência.

Não podemos exaurir nossas reservas financeiras com gastos supérfluos.

A busca pela perfeição pode exaurir a criatividade de um artista.

Using exaurir correctly requires understanding its grammatical behavior and its typical partners in a sentence. As a transitive verb, it usually takes a direct object—the thing that is being emptied or exhausted. You 'exaurir' something. For example, 'O sol forte exauriu a umidade da terra.' Here, the sun is the agent, and the moisture is the object being depleted. It is also very common to see it used pronominaly (exaurir-se), where the subject is the one becoming exhausted. 'Ele exauriu-se de tanto trabalhar' (He exhausted himself from working so much). This reflexive form emphasizes the self-inflicted or inevitable nature of the exhaustion.

Transitive Usage: Subject + exaurir + Object. Example: 'A seca exauriu o rio.'

A empresa teme exaurir o mercado com produtos repetitivos.

One interesting grammatical quirk of 'exaurir' is that it is often classified as a 'verbo defectivo' in traditional grammars, meaning it lacks certain forms in specific tenses, particularly the first person singular of the present indicative ('eu exauro' is technically correct but sounds very strange and is rarely used). Most speakers naturally avoid these awkward forms by using synonyms like 'esgotar' or 'cansar' in the first person, or by using the passive voice: 'Estou exaurido' instead of 'Eu me exauro'. In terms of tense usage, 'exaurir' is frequently found in the past (pretérito perfeito) to describe a completed state of depletion: 'A jornada exauriu nossas forças.' It is also common in the future or conditional when warning about potential consequences: 'Se continuarmos assim, vamos exaurir a paciência do diretor.' Notice how the verb elevates the tone of the sentence, making the warning sound more serious than if 'cansar' were used.

Pronominal Usage: Subject + exaurir-se. Example: 'Ela exauriu-se em explicações inúteis.'

É necessário cuidado para não exaurir as fontes de água potável.

When describing people, the past participle 'exaurido' functions as an adjective. It follows the noun it modifies in gender and number: 'homem exaurido', 'mulheres exauridas'. This is the most common way learners will encounter the word in daily life—describing a state of being.

Adjectival Form: The past participle 'exaurido' describes the state of being empty or spent. Example: 'Após a prova, ele sentia-se exaurido.'

O debate foi longo e acabou por exaurir todos os argumentos válidos.

A doença prolongada pode exaurir o sistema imunológico do paciente.

While exaurir is not a word you'll hear every five minutes in a casual conversation at a 'boteco', it is omnipresent in specific professional and intellectual spheres. One of the most common places to encounter it is in the news, particularly in segments focused on the environment or the economy. Journalists often use it to convey the severity of a crisis. You might hear a news anchor say, 'A seca histórica ameaça exaurir os reservatórios do Sudeste,' which sounds much more urgent and definitive than simply saying the water is low. It implies a point of no return.

Environmental News: Frequent in discussions about climate change, deforestation, and resource management.

Especialistas alertam que a mineração pode exaurir a biodiversidade local.

Another major 'home' for this word is in the medical and psychological professions. Doctors and therapists use 'exaurir' or 'exaustão' to diagnose conditions that go beyond simple tiredness. 'Exaustão nervosa' or 'exaustão emocional' are formal terms used to describe patients who have reached their breaking point. In this context, the word carries a clinical precision. You will also find it in literature and high-level essays. Portuguese-speaking authors like Machado de Assis or Clarice Lispector might use the word to describe the soul-crushing fatigue of a character or the existential emptying of a life. It provides a poetic depth that more common verbs lack. In legal and administrative contexts, the word is used to describe the completion of a process. For instance, 'exaurir a instância' means to have gone through all levels of appeal in a court case. This usage is very specific but shows how the core meaning of 'emptying' or 'finishing' applies to abstract procedural paths.

Legal/Administrative: Used to indicate that all legal remedies or procedural steps have been completed.

O advogado afirmou que é necessário exaurir todas as vias administrativas antes de ir a juízo.

Finally, in corporate environments, particularly during high-stakes meetings or project wrap-ups, a manager might say, 'Precisamos exaurir este tema hoje' (We need to exhaust this topic today). This signals to everyone that the meeting won't end until every detail is resolved. It's a word of authority and thoroughness.

Corporate/Management: Used by leaders to demand thoroughness and the complete resolution of a task or discussion.

A equipe trabalhou até exaurir o prazo estipulado pelo cliente.

Não podemos deixar que o estresse venha a exaurir o talento da nossa equipe.

Learners of Portuguese often stumble when using exaurir due to its spelling, pronunciation, and register. The most frequent error is spelling the word with an 's' instead of an 'x' (esaurir). This is understandable because the 'x' sounds exactly like a 'z', and many other Portuguese words for 'out' or 'exhaust' use the 'es-' prefix (like 'esgotar' or 'esvaziar'). However, 'exaurir' follows the Latin 'ex-' prefix, which is always written with an 'x'. Another common pitfall is using 'exaurir' in situations that are too casual. If you tell a friend, 'Estou exaurido porque caminhei por dez minutos,' it will sound overly dramatic or even sarcastic. For everyday tiredness, stick to 'cansado'. Use 'exaurido' for when you are truly, deeply wiped out.

Spelling Error: Writing 'esaurir' instead of 'exaurir'. Remember: 'ex' as in 'exit' or 'exhaust'.

É um erro comum escrever 'esaurir', mas o correto é sempre exaurir.

Pronunciation is another area where mistakes happen. Because 'ex-' can be pronounced in several ways in Portuguese (like 'sh' in 'exemplo' in some regions, or 'ks' in 'táxi'), learners often struggle. In 'exaurir', the 'x' is voiced and sounds like the English 'z'. Getting this right is key to sounding natural. A more advanced mistake involves the 'defectivo' nature of the verb. As mentioned before, trying to conjugate it in the first person present ('eu exauro') can lead to confusion because it is so rarely used that it may sound 'wrong' even to native ears. It is better to rephrase. Confusing 'exaurir' with 'esgotar' is also common. While they are synonyms, 'esgotar' is much more versatile. You can 'esgotar' a stock of books in a store, but you wouldn't usually 'exaurir' a stock of books. 'Exaurir' is better reserved for resources that are 'drawn out' like liquids, energies, or patience. Using 'exaurir' for a physical object like a book stock feels slightly off-collocation.

Register Mismatch: Using 'exaurir' for minor inconveniences. Save it for significant depletion.

Não use exaurir para dizer que está com um pouco de sono; use para exaustão real.

Finally, watch out for the preposition. When using the pronominal 'exaurir-se', it is often followed by 'em' or 'de'. 'Exauriu-se em esforços' (Exhausted himself in efforts). Using the wrong preposition or omitting it can make the sentence feel incomplete.

Preposition Choice: Ensure you use 'em' or 'de' correctly when the verb is reflexive.

Ela se exauriu de tanto correr atrás dos seus sonhos.

O projeto tendeu a exaurir o orçamento da prefeitura.

To truly master exaurir, you must know its 'family' of synonyms and how they differ in flavor and context. The most direct synonym is esgotar. While 'exaurir' sounds more formal and emphasizes the 'drawing out' process, 'esgotar' is the everyday word for 'running out' or 'selling out'. You 'esgotar' the tickets for a concert, but you 'exaurir' the natural resources of a region.

Exaurir vs. Esgotar: Exaurir is more formal and resource-focused. Esgotar is versatile and common in commercial contexts.

Enquanto os ingressos se esgotaram, a paciência do público começou a exaurir.

Another alternative is consumir (to consume). This is used when the exhaustion happens through use or fire. 'O fogo consumiu a floresta' implies destruction, while 'O fogo exauriu o oxigênio da sala' implies a depletion of a necessary component. Depauperar is a very formal synonym often used in medical or economic contexts to describe the impoverishment or weakening of a system. If a disease 'depaupera' the body, it is slowly 'exaurindo' its strength. For physical tiredness, fatigar and cansar are the standard choices. 'Fatigar' is slightly more formal than 'cansar' but less intense than 'exaurir'. If you are 'fatigado', you need a rest; if you are 'exaurido', you need a complete recovery. In slang or very informal Brazilian Portuguese, you might hear estar um caco (to be a shard/broken piece) or estar moído (to be ground up). These are colorful ways to express the state of being 'exaurido' without using the formal verb.

Exaurir vs. Cansar: Cansar is a temporary state. Exaurir is a total depletion of reserves.

Depois de cansar de tanto falar, ele acabou por exaurir seus argumentos.

Lastly, dissipar (to dissipate/waste) is a related word used when resources are not just used, but wasted or scattered. You 'dissipa' an inheritance, which leads to 'exaurir' your bank account. Understanding these relationships helps you choose the perfect word for the specific type of 'emptiness' you want to describe.

Dissipar: Focuses on the wasteful scattering of resources, often leading to exhaustion.

Ele dissipou sua fortuna até exaurir todas as suas economias.

A rotina estressante pode exaurir a alegria de viver.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The root word 'haurire' is also related to the word 'haurient' in heraldry, describing a fish placed vertically as if it were coming up for air.

发音指南

UK /e.zaw.ˈʁiɾ/

US /e.zaw.ˈxi(χ)/

The stress is on the last syllable: ex-au-RIR.

押韵词

dormir partir sorrir subir pedir servir abrir repetir

常见错误

Pronouncing the 'x' as 'sh' (like in 'exemplo' in some accents, but wrong here).
Pronouncing the 'x' as 'ks' (like in 'táxi').
Stressing the second syllable instead of the last.
Failing to make the 'au' a single diphthong.
Confusing the spelling with 'esaurir' due to the 'z' sound.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Common in newspapers and books, easy to recognize if you know 'exhaust'.

写作 4/5

Spelling with 'x' and correct conjugation can be tricky.

口语 4/5

Pronunciation of 'x' as 'z' is a common hurdle for beginners.

听力 3/5

Clearly articulated in formal speech, but may be missed in fast conversation.

接下来学什么

前置知识

cansar esgotar recurso força vazio

接下来学习

depauperar haurir exaustivo instância resiliência

高级

entropia obsolescência insustentabilidade inanição defasagem

需要掌握的语法

Verbos Defectivos

Exaurir lacks some forms in the present tense, similar to 'colorir' or 'abolir'.

Pronunciation of 'X'

In 'exaurir', the 'x' sounds like 'z' because it is between two vowels (even across the prefix).

Reflexive Verbs

Use 'se' (exaurir-se) to indicate the subject is the one being affected by the exhaustion.

Past Participle as Adjective

'Exaurido' must agree in gender and number with the noun it describes.

Prepositional Government

Exaurir-se often requires 'em' or 'de' to link to the cause of exhaustion.

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按水平分级的例句

Eu estou muito exausto depois da aula.

I am very exhausted after the class.

'Exausto' is the masculine adjective form.

Ela está exhausta porque trabalhou muito.

She is exhausted because she worked a lot.

'Exhausta' is the feminine adjective form.

O bebê está exausto e quer dormir.

The baby is exhausted and wants to sleep.

Simple use of the adjective with the verb 'estar'.

Nós estamos exaustos da viagem.

We are exhausted from the trip.

Plural form 'exaustos'.

Você parece exausto hoje.

You look exhausted today.

Using 'parecer' (to seem) with the adjective.

Eles estão exaustos de correr.

They are exhausted from running.

Use of 'de' to indicate the cause of exhaustion.

Estou exausto, preciso de um café.

I'm exhausted, I need a coffee.

Common informal expression of fatigue.

O cachorro está exausto após o passeio.

The dog is exhausted after the walk.

Simple subject-verb-adjective structure.

O sol forte exaure as plantas pequenas.

The strong sun exhausts the small plants.

Present tense, 3rd person singular.

Este exercício vai exaurir suas forças.

This exercise will exhaust your strength.

Future construction with 'vai' + infinitive.

O poço de água pode exaurir no verão.

The water well can run dry in the summer.

'Exaurir' used in the sense of 'running dry'.

Não quero exaurir minha energia com isso.

I don't want to exhaust my energy with this.

Negative infinitive construction.

A longa caminhada exauriu os turistas.

The long walk exhausted the tourists.

Pretérito Perfeito (Past tense).

O solo exaurido não produz bons frutos.

The exhausted soil does not produce good fruits.

'Exaurido' acting as a past participle adjective.

Cuidado para não exaurir a bateria do celular.

Be careful not to exhaust the phone battery.

Common modern context for 'exaurir'.

A brincadeira exauriu a paciência da mãe.

The playing exhausted the mother's patience.

Abstract use of the verb.

A exploração de petróleo pode exaurir as reservas naturais.

Oil exploration can exhaust natural reserves.

Formal environmental context.

Ele se exauriu de tanto trabalhar no projeto.

He exhausted himself from working so much on the project.

Pronominal (reflexive) usage 'se exauriu'.

É importante não exaurir o orçamento no primeiro mês.

It is important not to exhaust the budget in the first month.

Economic context, infinitive after 'não'.

A doença exauriu todas as suas economias.

The illness exhausted all of their savings.

Metaphorical use for financial resources.

Sinto que minha criatividade está se exaurindo.

I feel that my creativity is running out.

Reflexive continuous form 'está se exaurindo'.

O debate exauriu todos os argumentos possíveis.

The debate exhausted all possible arguments.

Intellectual/Abstract context.

A maratona exauriu os atletas completamente.

The marathon exhausted the athletes completely.

Physical exhaustion in a formal tone.

Precisamos evitar exaurir o solo com plantações repetitivas.

We need to avoid exhausting the soil with repetitive crops.

Agricultural context.

O governo teme exaurir o fundo de reserva este ano.

The government fears exhausting the reserve fund this year.

Political/Financial formal context.

Ela exauriu-se em explicações que ninguém ouviu.

She exhausted herself in explanations that no one heard.

Reflexive form with a prepositional phrase.

O excesso de burocracia pode exaurir a paciência do cidadão.

Excessive bureaucracy can exhaust the citizen's patience.

Social/Institutional context.

A empresa exauriu todas as vias de negociação antes da greve.

The company exhausted all avenues of negotiation before the strike.

Formal business/legal context.

O esforço contínuo acabou por exaurir sua saúde mental.

The continuous effort ended up exhausting their mental health.

Psychological context (Burnout).

Não podemos permitir que a guerra venha a exaurir a nação.

We cannot allow the war to exhaust the nation.

Geopolitical/Historical context.

O professor exauriu o tema em uma palestra de três horas.

The professor exhausted the topic in a three-hour lecture.

Academic context.

A busca incessante pelo lucro pode exaurir a ética profissional.

The incessant search for profit can exhaust professional ethics.

Philosophical/Ethical context.

A retórica do político parecia exaurida de qualquer significado real.

The politician's rhetoric seemed exhausted of any real meaning.

Literary/Critical use of the past participle.

O autor exaure as descrições para criar uma atmosfera densa.

The author exhausts descriptions to create a dense atmosphere.

Stylistic analysis of literature.

A extração mineral intensa exauriu as jazidas da região.

Intense mineral extraction exhausted the region's deposits.

Technical/Scientific context.

É imperativo exaurir a instância administrativa antes de recorrer ao Judiciário.

It is imperative to exhaust the administrative level before appealing to the Judiciary.

Specific legal terminology (exhausting remedies).

A modernidade parece exaurir as formas tradicionais de convivência.

Modernity seems to exhaust traditional forms of coexistence.

Sociological/Philosophical abstraction.

O paciente apresentava um quadro de exaustão física profunda.

The patient presented a condition of profound physical exhaustion.

Clinical/Medical register.

A narrativa se exaure em detalhes irrelevantes para o clímax.

The narrative exhausts itself in details irrelevant to the climax.

Critical analysis of storytelling.

Não se deve exaurir o debate com ataques de cunho pessoal.

One should not exhaust the debate with personal attacks.

Formal ethical guideline for discussion.

A ontologia heideggeriana busca exaurir a questão do Ser.

Heideggerian ontology seeks to exhaust the question of Being.

High-level philosophical discourse.

O ecossistema atingiu um ponto em que a resiliência se exauriu.

The ecosystem reached a point where resilience has exhausted itself.

Advanced environmental science context.

A obra de Joyce parece exaurir as possibilidades da língua inglesa.

Joyce's work seems to exhaust the possibilities of the English language.

Literary criticism at the highest level.

O capital, em sua lógica expansiva, tende a exaurir a própria fonte de mais-valia.

Capital, in its expansive logic, tends to exhaust its own source of surplus value.

Marxist economic theory terminology.

Sua paciência, outrora infinita, exauriu-se ante a ignomínia do ato.

Their patience, once infinite, exhausted itself before the ignominy of the act.

Archaic/Elevated literary style.

A entropia é o processo pelo qual o universo exaure sua energia útil.

Entropy is the process by which the universe exhausts its useful energy.

Scientific/Cosmological context.

A exploração exauriente do solo levou ao colapso da civilização.

The exhaustive exploitation of the soil led to the collapse of the civilization.

Historical/Archeological analysis.

O solilóquio final exaure a angústia do protagonista.

The final soliloquy exhausts the protagonist's anguish.

Theatrical/Dramatic criticism.

常见搭配

exaurir os recursos

exaurir a paciência

exaurir as forças

exaurir o solo

exaurir as possibilidades

exaurir o assunto

exaurir as economias

exaurir o prazo

exaurir a instância

sentir-se exaurido

常用短语

Até exaurir

— Until it is completely finished or empty.

Ele lutou até exaurir suas últimas energias.

Ponto de exaustão

— The moment when someone can no longer continue due to fatigue.

O corredor atingiu o ponto de exaustão no quilômetro 30.

Recursos exauríveis

— Resources that can be completely used up and won't return.

O petróleo é um dos recursos exauríveis mais importantes.

Exaurir o estoque

— To sell or use every single item in a collection.

A promoção serviu para exaurir o estoque da loja antiga.

Exaurir a fonte

— To use up the origin or cause of something.

Não exaura a fonte da sua inspiração com trabalho excessivo.

Exaurir o tema

— To discuss a topic so much that nothing else can be said.

O livro exaure o tema da imigração no século XIX.

Estado exaurido

— A condition of being totally spent or empty.

A bateria está em um estado exaurido e não liga mais.

Exaurir os meios

— To use every method available to achieve a goal.

Exaurimos todos os meios legais para resolver o conflito.

Exaurir as vias

— To go through every possible path or option.

Precisamos exaurir as vias diplomáticas antes de qualquer ação.

Ficar exaurido

— To become completely exhausted.

Cuidado para não ficar exaurido antes da grande final.

容易混淆的词

exaurir vs esvaziar

Esvaziar means to empty a container (like a bottle), while exaurir means to use up the contents/energy completely.

exaurir vs exibir

Exibir means to show or exhibit; it shares the 'ex-' prefix but has a completely different meaning.

exaurir vs exilar

Exilar means to exile someone; again, only the prefix is similar.

习语与表达

"Estar nas últimas"

— To be at the end of one's strength or life; synonymous with being exaurido.

A bateria do meu carro está nas últimas.

informal

"Estar com a corda no pescoço"

— To be in a desperate situation, often financial, where resources are exauridos.

Com tantas dívidas, ele está com a corda no pescoço.

informal

"Dar o sangue"

— To work until one is exaurido; to give everything.

Ela deu o sangue para terminar o relatório a tempo.

informal

"Bater as botas"

— A slang for dying, the ultimate state of being exaurido of life.

O velho rádio finalmente bateu as botas.

slang

"Estar no osso"

— To have nothing left; to be down to the bone.

O orçamento da prefeitura já está no osso.

informal

"Secar a fonte"

— To exhaust the source of something, usually money or ideas.

Se você gastar tudo agora, vai secar a fonte.

informal

"Puxar o tapete"

— To sabotage someone, often leading to their resources or position being exauridos.

Tentaram puxar o tapete dele na empresa.

informal

"Estar por um fio"

— To be very close to total exhaustion or failure.

A paciência do chefe está por um fio.

informal

"Queimar o cartucho"

— To use up one's last chance or resource.

Não queime seu último cartucho com uma bobagem dessas.

informal

"Estar com o tanque vazio"

— To have no energy left; to be physically exaurido.

Depois do treino, eu estava com o tanque vazio.

informal

容易混淆

exaurir vs Esgotar

They are close synonyms.

Esgotar is more common for stocks and physical fatigue; exaurir is more formal and used for resources and abstract depletion.

Esgotei meu estoque de livros, mas não exauri minha vontade de ler.

exaurir vs Cansar

Both relate to fatigue.

Cansar is a temporary state; exaurir is a total and profound depletion.

Caminhar me cansa, mas correr uma maratona me exaure.

exaurir vs Consumir

Both involve using something up.

Consumir focuses on the act of using or eating; exaurir focuses on the resulting state of emptiness.

O fogo consumiu a lenha e exauriu o calor da sala.

exaurir vs Haurir

They share the same root.

Haurir means to draw in or absorb (like breathing air); exaurir means to draw out until nothing is left.

Hauri o perfume das flores antes que o vento as exaurisse.

exaurir vs Depauperar

Both imply a loss of strength.

Depauperar is specifically about making something poor or weak (impoverishing); exaurir is about total depletion.

A corrupção depauperou o estado e exauriu os cofres públicos.

句型

O [Subject] exaure o/a [Object].

O sol exaure a água.

Eu estou [Adjective].

Eu estou exaurido.

[Subject] se exauriu de [Verb/Noun].

Ele se exauriu de tanto correr.

É preciso [Infinitive] todas as [Noun].

É preciso exaurir todas as possibilidades.

O [Noun] acabou por exaurir [Object].

O projeto acabou por exaurir o orçamento.

Uma retórica [Adjective] de [Noun].

Uma retórica exaurida de sentido.

Exaurir a [Noun] administrativa.

Exaurir a instância administrativa.

A [Abstract Noun] tende a exaurir [Abstract Object].

A modernidade tende a exaurir as tradições.

词族

名词

exaustão (exhaustion)

exaurimento (the act of exhausting)

动词

exaurir (to exhaust)

形容词

exaurido (exhausted/depleted)

exausto (exhausted/tired)

exaustivo (exhaustive/thorough)

exauriente (that which exhausts)

如何使用

frequency

Medium-High in written media; Medium-Low in spoken street language.

常见错误

Writing 'esaurir'. → exaurir
The word comes from Latin 'exhaurire' and keeps the 'x', despite the 'z' sound.
Pronouncing the 'x' as 'sh'. → Pronounce it as 'z'.
In Portuguese, 'ex-' followed by a vowel usually sounds like 'z'.
Using it for minor fatigue. → Use 'cansado' for minor fatigue.
'Exaurir' is a strong word for total depletion. Using it for small things sounds dramatic.
Trying to conjugate 'eu exauro'. → Use 'estou exaurido'.
It is a defectivo verb and the first person present sounds very unnatural.
Forgetting the reflexive 'se' when needed. → Ele se exauriu.
When the person is the one becoming exhausted, the reflexive pronoun is necessary.

小贴士

Formal Writing

Use 'exaurir' in essays about the environment or economy to demonstrate a high-level vocabulary. It sounds much more professional than 'acabar com'.

The 'Z' Sound

Remember the 'z' sound for 'x'. Record yourself saying 'exame', 'exemplo', and 'exaurir' to master this pattern.

Avoid the First Person

If you are writing in the present tense, avoid 'eu exauro'. Use 'eu fico exaurido' or 'me sinto exaurido' to stay within natural usage patterns.

Environment First

Whenever you talk about sustainability, 'exaurir os recursos' is your best friend. It conveys the seriousness of the topic perfectly.

Exhaustion vs. Tiredness

Don't use 'exaurido' for a 5-minute walk. Save it for when you've done something monumental, like a 10-hour flight or a massive project.

The Latin Connection

Think of the English word 'Exhaust'. Both have an 'x'. This will help you remember not to use an 's' in Portuguese.

Nas Últimas

If 'exaurido' feels too formal for a conversation with friends, use 'estou nas últimas' to express the same feeling of total depletion.

Literary Flair

In creative writing, use 'exaurir' to describe a character's emotional state to add a layer of tragic finality to the scene.

Meeting Closer

Use 'exaurir o assunto' to signal that you want to finish a discussion completely before moving on to the next item on the agenda.

Legal Texts

If you see 'exaurir' in a legal document, it almost always refers to finishing a required procedure or time period.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of an 'EXit' for your 'AUra'. When your energy exits your aura completely, you are 'exaurido'.

视觉联想

Imagine a giant water tank with a small tap at the bottom. As the last drop falls out, the tank is 'exaurido'.

Word Web

Empty Resources Tired Oil Patience Burnout Formal Finality

挑战

Try to use 'exaurir' in a sentence about your favorite hobby and how it makes you feel after a long day of doing it.

词源

From the Latin 'exhaurire', formed by 'ex-' (out) and 'haurire' (to draw, especially water).

原始含义： To draw out all the liquid from a container; to empty by drawing out.

Romance (Latin root shared with English 'exhaust', French 'épuiser', Spanish 'agotar/exhausto').

文化背景

No specific sensitivities, but using it for minor things can seem hyperbolic or sarcastic.

Similar to the English 'exhaust', but 'exaurir' is slightly more formal than the everyday English 'I'm exhausted'.

Used in environmental reports by the UN (ONU) in Portuguese. Common in the lyrics of 'MPB' (Música Popular Brasileira) to describe deep emotional states. Found in the works of José Saramago to describe the limits of human endurance.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Environment

exaurir o solo
exaurir a água
exaurir as reservas
exaurir a biodiversidade

Work/Health

exaurir as energias
exaurir a mente
exaurir as forças
sentir-se exaurido

Finance

exaurir o orçamento
exaurir as economias
exaurir o crédito
exaurir o fundo

Debate

exaurir o tema
exaurir o assunto
exaurir os argumentos
exaurir as possibilidades

Law

exaurir a instância
exaurir as vias legais
exaurir o processo
exaurir o prazo

对话开场白

"Você já sentiu que o seu trabalho estava começando a exaurir sua criatividade?"

"Como podemos evitar exaurir os recursos naturais do nosso planeta?"

"Você acha que é possível exaurir completamente um assunto em uma conversa?"

"O que você faz para se recuperar quando se sente totalmente exaurido?"

"Quais são os sinais de que um relacionamento está começando a exaurir a paciência de alguém?"

日记主题

Descreva um momento em sua vida em que você se sentiu completamente exaurido e o que você fez para se recuperar.

Reflita sobre como o uso excessivo da tecnologia pode exaurir nossa capacidade de atenção e foco.

Escreva sobre um recurso (tempo, dinheiro, energia) que você teme exaurir e como planeja gerenciá-lo melhor.

Pense em um livro ou filme que exauriu um tema de forma brilhante. O que o tornou tão completo?

Como você define o limite entre estar apenas cansado e estar verdadeiramente exaurido?

常见问题

10 个问题

Mostly, but it is considered 'defectivo' because some forms like the 1st person singular present ('eu exauro') are avoided because they sound strange. Most speakers use synonyms for those specific forms.

Yes, but it implies extreme exhaustion. For example, 'O trabalho o exauriu' means the work took everything from him. It's more intense than 'cansar'.

They are very similar. 'Exausto' is more common as a pure adjective for physical tiredness. 'Exaurido' is the past participle of the verb and often implies a process of being drained of something (like resources or money).

It is pronounced like the letter 'z' in English. The word sounds like 'e-zau-rir'.

Yes, especially in formal writing, news, and professional contexts. It is less common in everyday casual slang.

Absolutely. It is one of the most common words for describing the depletion of oil, water, or soil nutrients.

It is usually followed by 'em' (exaurir-se em lágrimas) or 'de' (exaurir-se de cansaço).

It is always 'exaurir' with an 'x'. The 'es-' prefix is a common mistake because of the pronunciation.

You can, but it's better to avoid it. Use 'Estou exaurido' or 'Eu me esgoto' instead to sound more natural.

It is a legal term meaning to use up all possible administrative or legal appeals before moving to the next level of the court system.

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