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A2 noun 12分钟阅读

pressuposto

开始练习例句笔记与提示 pressuposto 30秒了解

解析 pressuposto in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 'pressuposto' might seem a bit advanced, but you can understand it as a 'starting idea.' Imagine you are playing a game. The rules you agree on before starting are like the 'pressupostos.' Even though beginners usually use simpler words like 'ideia' (idea) or 'regras' (rules), knowing 'pressuposto' helps you understand when people talk about what they expect. For example, if a teacher says 'I assume you have a pen,' that assumption is a 'pressuposto.' At this stage, just focus on the fact that it means something we think is true before we start doing something else. It is a masculine noun, so we say 'o pressuposto.' You don't need to use it in every sentence, but recognizing it in signs or simple instructions will help you feel more confident as you move toward A2.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to build more complex sentences. 'Pressuposto' is useful when you want to explain why you did something based on what you thought was true. Instead of just saying 'Eu achei que...' (I thought that...), you can say 'O pressuposto era que...' (The assumption was that...). This makes your Portuguese sound more structured. You will often see this word in simple news articles or in instructions at work. It is important to learn the phrase 'partir do pressuposto' (to start from the assumption). For example: 'Partimos do pressuposto que você fala inglês' (We assume you speak English). This is a very common way to set expectations in a conversation. Remember that it is a noun, but it comes from a verb, so it feels very 'active'—it is an idea that is working in the background of your conversation.

As a B1 learner, you are expected to handle more formal situations, such as office meetings or academic discussions. 'Pressuposto' becomes a key vocabulary item here. You should use it to describe the basis of your arguments. For instance, in a discussion about a project, you might say, 'Este plano baseia-se no pressuposto de que teremos orçamento' (This plan is based on the assumption that we will have a budget). Notice the use of 'de que' after the word—this is a crucial grammatical point at this level. You should also start distinguishing between 'pressuposto' (a logical necessity) and 'suposição' (a mere guess). Using 'pressuposto' shows that you are thinking about the structure of your ideas, not just expressing random thoughts. It is a word that adds 'gravitas' to your speech and writing.

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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'pressuposto' in its various forms, including the plural 'pressupostos' and its use as a past participle. You will encounter it frequently in legal documents, editorials, and complex literature. You should be able to challenge others' assumptions using this word: 'Quais são os pressupostos da sua teoria?' (What are the assumptions of your theory?). This shows a high level of critical thinking in Portuguese. You should also understand its role in 'pressupostos processuais' if you are dealing with any legal or bureaucratic matters in a Portuguese-speaking country. At this stage, your focus should be on the nuance—how 'pressuposto' implies a foundational requirement that, if proven false, invalidates the entire subsequent argument. It is no longer just a word; it is a tool for logical deconstruction.

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For C1 learners, 'pressuposto' is a fundamental part of your academic and professional lexicon. You should use it with precision, understanding its philosophical and linguistic implications. In linguistics, you might discuss 'pressupostos pragmáticos'—the shared knowledge between speakers that allows communication to function. In high-level professional writing, you will use it to define the scope and limitations of your work. You should be able to use the word as an adjective ('a ideia pressuposta') with perfect gender and number agreement. Your use of the word should reflect an understanding of 'a priori' reasoning. You can also use it to discuss 'pressupostos ideológicos' (ideological assumptions) in social critiques. At this level, the word is a bridge to deep cultural and intellectual engagement with the Portuguese language, allowing you to participate in debates at the highest levels of society.

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At the C2 level, 'pressuposto' is a word you use with total mastery, often exploring its most abstract and subtle meanings. You might use it in a doctoral thesis or a legal brief to argue about the very nature of truth and evidence. You understand the historical and etymological weight of the term, tracing its roots to Latin and its development in Portuguese legal and philosophical thought. You can use it in highly sophisticated structures, such as 'Preteridos os pressupostos básicos, a nulidade é absoluta' (Once the basic prerequisites are ignored, the nullity is absolute). You are also aware of how the word functions in different Lusophone varieties—how a lawyer in Lisbon might use it differently from a social scientist in Maputo or a business consultant in São Paulo. For you, 'pressuposto' is not just a vocabulary item, but a fundamental building block of complex, nuanced, and persuasive Portuguese discourse.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

pressuposto 30秒了解

Pressuposto is a masculine noun meaning assumption or premise, used to describe the starting point of a logical argument or a required condition for an action.
It is frequently found in formal contexts like law (pressupostos processuais), academia (pressupostos teóricos), and professional strategic planning sessions across the Portuguese-speaking world.
Commonly used in the phrase 'partir do pressuposto que' (to assume that), it helps establish a framework for hypothetical scenarios and critical intellectual debates.
Learners must distinguish it from 'proposta' (proposal) and ensure grammatical agreement when used as a participle, while always including 'de' in 'pressuposto de que'.

The Portuguese word pressuposto is a versatile and essential noun that every intermediate to advanced learner must master. At its core, it refers to something that is taken for granted or assumed to be true before an argument, action, or theory even begins. It is the foundation upon which further thoughts are built. If you imagine a house, the pressuposto is the ground or the hidden foundation that supports the visible structure. In English, we often translate this as 'assumption,' 'premise,' or 'presupposition.' However, in Portuguese, it carries a slightly more formal and structural weight, often appearing in academic, legal, and philosophical contexts where the validity of a conclusion depends entirely on the initial 'pressuposto'.

Theoretical Foundation: In academic writing, a pressuposto is the starting point of a thesis. Without this initial acceptance, the entire logic of the research might collapse.

Todo o seu argumento baseia-se num pressuposto falso sobre a economia local.

Beyond the intellectual sphere, the word is used in everyday professional life, particularly when discussing expectations. For instance, if a manager assigns a task, there is an underlying pressuposto that the employee has the necessary tools to complete it. In legal Portuguese, pressupostos processuais are the mandatory requirements that must be met for a judge to even look at a case. This highlights that a pressuposto isn't just a guess; it is often a requirement or a condition sine qua non. Understanding this word helps you navigate the logic of Portuguese speakers, as they often use it to challenge the 'why' behind a statement.

Legal Context: In law, it refers to the objective conditions required for a legal act to be valid, such as the capacity of the parties involved.

A liberdade de expressão é um pressuposto fundamental de qualquer democracia moderna.

Finally, it is important to note that 'pressuposto' can also function as a past participle of the verb 'pressupor' (to presuppose). When used as an adjective, it means 'presumed' or 'implied.' For example, 'um acordo pressuposto' is an implied agreement. However, its most common and powerful usage remains as a noun. It is a word that signals sophistication in your Portuguese, showing that you are looking beneath the surface of a conversation to the underlying logic. Whether you are reading a newspaper editorial in Lisbon or a law textbook in São Paulo, you will encounter this term as a marker of critical thinking and structured argumentation.

Social Interaction: Used when someone makes a judgment based on hidden beliefs. You might say: 'Você está agindo sob o pressuposto de que eu não sei de nada.'

Partimos do pressuposto de que todos os participantes já possuem conhecimento básico de informática.

Não podemos ignorar o pressuposto ético que rege esta profissão.

A validade do contrato depende do cumprimento de certos pressupostos legais.

Using pressuposto effectively requires understanding its grammatical placement and the common prepositions that accompany it. Most frequently, it is used with the preposition 'de' (of) or 'que' (that). When you say 'o pressuposto de que...', you are introducing the specific assumption you are making. For example, 'O pressuposto de que a tecnologia resolve tudo é perigoso.' Here, the word acts as the subject of the sentence, holding the weight of the entire clause that follows. It is also common to see it in the plural form, pressupostos, when referring to a set of conditions or requirements, especially in formal documents or scientific methodology sections.

As a Subject: The word starts the sentence to define the ground rules of the discussion.

O pressuposto principal desta pesquisa é a igualdade de gênero.

Another frequent usage is within prepositional phrases like 'sob o pressuposto de' (under the assumption of) or 'com base no pressuposto de' (based on the assumption of). These phrases function as adverbials, explaining the motivation or the underlying logic behind an action. For instance, 'Eles investiram na empresa sob o pressuposto de que o mercado cresceria.' This structure is vital for explaining complex human behaviors or business decisions. It moves beyond simple 'because' (porque) and enters the realm of 'strategic reasoning,' which is essential for professional fluency in Portuguese.

In Legal Writing: Often used in the plural to list procedural requirements.

A petição foi indeferida por falta de pressupostos processuais básicos.

Finally, you will often find it paired with verbs like 'partir' (to start/depart), 'admitir' (to admit/accept), or 'questionar' (to question). The phrase 'Partir do pressuposto' is an idiomatic standard in Portuguese for 'to assume from the start.' It is the most natural way to express this concept in a debate. Instead of saying 'Eu acho que...', saying 'Eu parto do pressuposto que...' adds a layer of intellectual rigor and formality that is highly respected in Portuguese-speaking cultures. It shows you aren't just giving an opinion, but establishing a logical framework for your thoughts.

Questioning Logic: Used to challenge someone's hidden bias or unproven starting point.

Devemos questionar o pressuposto de que o aumento de impostos é sempre ruim.

Não há nenhum pressuposto científico que comprove essa teoria bizarra.

A paz é um pressuposto para o desenvolvimento econômico de um país.

You will encounter pressuposto in various high-stakes environments throughout the Lusophone world. In the news, particularly during political analysis or economic reports, commentators often dissect the pressupostos of government budgets. If a finance minister presents a plan, the journalist might ask, 'Quais são os pressupostos para este crescimento?' (What are the assumptions for this growth?). Here, it refers to the projected inflation rates, oil prices, or interest rates that the plan relies on. It is a word of scrutiny and deep analysis.

Political Debates: Politicians use it to frame their arguments or to dismantle their opponents' logic by attacking their starting premises.

O debate girou em torno do pressuposto de que o Estado deve ser menor.

In a university setting, whether in Coimbra, Luanda, or Rio de Janeiro, pressuposto is a staple of academic discourse. Professors will ask students to identify the pressupostos teóricos of a particular author. This means looking for the unstated beliefs or established theories that the author uses as a starting point. In scientific research, the pressupostos da pesquisa are clearly outlined in the methodology section to ensure that other researchers understand the conditions under which the results are valid. It is a hallmark of the 'culto' (educated) register of the Portuguese language.

Legal and Judicial: Lawyers use it to argue whether a case has the legal standing to proceed based on 'pressupostos processuais'.

O juiz afirmou que não foram cumpridos os pressupostos para a prisão preventiva.

In the corporate world, specifically in Brazil, you might hear this word during strategic planning sessions. Executives discuss the pressupostos de mercado—the assumptions about consumer behavior or competitor actions that justify a multi-million dollar investment. If these assumptions fail, the project is said to have 'lost its pressuposto.' Furthermore, in religious or philosophical discussions, it refers to the dogmas or axioms that one must accept to belong to a certain school of thought. It is, essentially, the 'given' in any logical equation.

Philosophy and Logic: Used to describe the axioms or 'a priori' truths that form the basis of a philosophical system.

A ética de Kant baseia-se no pressuposto da autonomia da vontade.

O projeto foi cancelado porque o pressuposto de financiamento externo caiu.

Não podemos trabalhar com pressupostos vagos; precisamos de dados reais.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make is confusing pressuposto with proposta (proposal). Because they sound somewhat similar and both relate to ideas put forward, learners often say 'Eu tenho um pressuposto' when they mean 'Eu tenho uma proposta.' Remember: a proposta is something you offer for others to accept, while a pressuposto is something you have already accepted as a basis for your current thought. Confusing these two can lead to significant misunderstandings in a business meeting where you might accidentally sound like you are making an assumption rather than offering a deal.

Pressuposto vs. Proposta: Pressuposto = Assumption/Premise. Proposta = Proposal/Offer. They are not interchangeable.

Errado: Eu fiz um pressuposto de negócio. (Should be: proposta).

Another error involves the gender and number agreement when pressuposto is used as a participle/adjective. Since it comes from the verb 'pressupor', it must agree with the noun. Learners often leave it in the masculine singular by default. For example, 'as condições pressupostas' (the presupposed conditions) is correct, but many might say 'as condições pressuposto.' Furthermore, there is a nuance between pressuposto and suposição. A suposição is a mere guess, often without much evidence. A pressuposto is a logical requirement. If you say 'Minha suposição é que vai chover,' you are guessing. If you say 'O pressuposto para esta viagem é que o carro esteja funcionando,' you are stating a necessary condition.

Participle Agreement: Remember that as an adjective, it changes: o pressuposto, a pressuposta, os pressupostos, as pressupostas.

Errado: Estas são as ideias pressuposto. Correto: Estas são as ideias pressupostas.

Finally, learners often struggle with the preposition that follows 'pressuposto'. In English, we say 'assumption that' or 'assumption of'. In Portuguese, you must use 'de que' before a full clause (subject + verb). Many learners omit the 'de' and say 'o pressuposto que...', which is technically a grammatical error called 'queísmo' or 'deísmo' depending on the omission. Always remember: 'O pressuposto de que o sol nascerá amanhã.' This small 'de' makes a big difference in the quality of your formal Portuguese and shows a high level of grammatical awareness.

Preposition Usage: Always use 'de que' when followed by a subordinate clause. 'O pressuposto de que...'

O erro comum é esquecer o 'de': O pressuposto que ele viria... (Should be: de que).

Cuidado para não confundir com 'preposto' (a legal representative), a rare but distinct word.

Não use 'pressuposto' para 'budget' in Brazil; the word for budget is 'orçamento'.

To truly master pressuposto, you should know the words that surround it in the semantic field of logic and assumption. The most direct synonym is premissa (premise). While they are often interchangeable, 'premissa' is more strictly used in formal logic (syllogisms), whereas 'pressuposto' is broader and can refer to social or unstated assumptions. Another close relative is suposição. As mentioned before, 'suposição' is lighter and more akin to a 'guess.' If you are unsure, use 'suposição'; if you are discussing the basis of an argument, use 'pressuposto'.

Premissa vs Pressuposto: Premissa is usually explicit in an argument. Pressuposto can be implicit or hidden under the surface.

A premissa maior do silogismo estava correta, mas a conclusão não.

In professional or legal contexts, requisito (requirement) or condição (condition) are excellent alternatives. For example, 'Os pressupostos para a vaga' can be replaced by 'Os requisitos para a vaga.' However, 'pressuposto' implies that these requirements are fundamentally necessary for the very existence of the situation. Another interesting word is hipótese (hypothesis). A 'hipótese' is something you are testing to see if it is true, while a 'pressuposto' is something you already assume is true to carry out the test. Understanding this distinction is key for scientific and academic Portuguese.

Contextual Choice: Use 'Pressuposto' for logic/law, 'Requisito' for jobs/forms, and 'Suposição' for casual guesses.

Cumprir o prazo é uma condição essencial para o sucesso do projeto.

Finally, consider the word axioma (axiom) for mathematical or deeply philosophical contexts. An axiom is a self-evident pressuposto that requires no proof. While 'pressuposto' is common, using 'axioma' in the right context can make you sound like a native scholar. On the other hand, if you want to describe an assumption that is likely wrong or biased, you might use preconceito (prejudice/preconception) if it relates to people, or conjetura (conjecture) if it is a more elaborate but unproven theory. Mastering these synonyms allows you to precisely calibrate the level of certainty and formality in your speech.

Advanced Logic: Axioma: A truth so basic it doesn't need proof. Pressuposto: A truth assumed for a specific argument.

Toda a geometria de Euclides parte de alguns axiomas fundamentais.

Sua análise é baseada em conjeturas, não em fatos observáveis.

O requisito de idade mínima é um pressuposto para tirar a carteira de motorista.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The root 'ponere' (to put) is one of the most productive in Portuguese, giving us words like 'compor', 'expor', 'impor', and 'propor'.

发音指南

UK /pɾe.suˈpoʃ.tu/

US /pɾe.suˈpos.tu/

The primary stress is on the penultimate syllable: pre-su-POS-to.

押韵词

imposto composto disposto rosto agosto gosto oposto posto

常见错误

Pronouncing the double 'ss' as a 'z' sound (it should always be a sharp 's').
Stress on the first syllable (PRE-suposto).
Confusing the 'o' sound with 'u' in the stressed syllable.
Pronouncing the 'pre' as 'pree' (it should be an open 'eh' or closed 'ey' sound).
Omitting the final reduced 'u' sound in European Portuguese.

难度评级

阅读 4/5

Common in newspapers and books, but requires logical context.

写作 5/5

Requires correct use of 'de que' and gender agreement.

口语 5/5

Using it naturally marks a high level of fluency.

听力 4/5

Often spoken quickly in formal debates or news.

接下来学什么

前置知识

supor ideia base regra começo

接下来学习

premissa axioma conjetura paradigma epistemologia

高级

hermenêutica silogismo dialética ontologia pragmática

需要掌握的语法

Uso de 'de que' após substantivos abstratos

A ideia de que... / O pressuposto de que...

Concordância do Particípio Passado

As ideias pressupostas (feminine plural).

Regência do verbo 'Partir'

Partir de algo -> Partir do pressuposto.

Substantivação de Particípios

O pressuposto (from pressupor), o posto (from por).

Formação de advérbios em -mente

Pressupostamente (though supostamente is more common).

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按水平分级的例句

O pressuposto é que todos chegam às nove.

The assumption is that everyone arrives at nine.

Simple subject-verb-complement structure.

Qual é o seu pressuposto?

What is your assumption?

Interrogative sentence using the possessive 'seu'.

Não temos um pressuposto claro.

We don't have a clear assumption.

Negative sentence with the adjective 'claro' following the noun.

O pressuposto é simples.

The assumption is simple.

Use of the linking verb 'ser' with a basic adjective.

Partimos do pressuposto que você ajuda.

We start from the assumption that you help.

Introduction to the common verb phrase 'partir de'.

Este é o pressuposto da aula.

This is the premise of the class.

Demonstrative pronoun 'este' used for identification.

O pressuposto dele está errado.

His assumption is wrong.

Possessive 'dele' (of him) placed after the noun.

Precisamos de um novo pressuposto.

We need a new assumption.

Verb 'precisar' followed by the preposition 'de'.

Trabalhamos sob o pressuposto de que o café é grátis.

We work under the assumption that the coffee is free.

Use of the prepositional phrase 'sob o pressuposto de'.

Ela agiu com base num pressuposto falso.

She acted based on a false assumption.

Contraction 'num' (em + um) used with the noun.

O pressuposto de que ele viria não se confirmou.

The assumption that he would come was not confirmed.

Reflexive verb 'confirmar-se' in the negative.

Não faça pressupostos sobre a minha vida.

Don't make assumptions about my life.

Imperative negative form of the verb 'fazer'.

O pressuposto principal é a segurança de todos.

The main assumption/requirement is everyone's safety.

Adjective 'principal' modifying the noun.

Eles aceitaram o pressuposto da nossa empresa.

They accepted our company's premise.

Perfect past tense of 'aceitar'.

Parto do pressuposto que todos leram o livro.

I assume that everyone read the book.

First-person singular of the phrase 'partir do pressuposto'.

Sem esse pressuposto, nada faz sentido.

Without that assumption, nothing makes sense.

Use of 'sem' to show conditionality.

A análise falhou porque o pressuposto inicial estava incorreto.

The analysis failed because the initial assumption was incorrect.

Use of 'porque' to explain a logical failure.

Devemos analisar os pressupostos éticos desta decisão.

We must analyze the ethical assumptions of this decision.

Plural noun 'pressupostos' modified by 'éticos'.

O pressuposto de que a economia vai crescer é otimista.

The assumption that the economy will grow is optimistic.

Adjective 'otimista' describes the whole noun phrase.

Muitas vezes, agimos com pressupostos inconscientes.

Often, we act with unconscious assumptions.

Adverbial phrase 'Muitas vezes' at the start.

O pressuposto da igualdade é vital para o projeto.

The premise of equality is vital for the project.

Abstract noun 'igualdade' used as a complement.

Não podemos ignorar os pressupostos básicos da ciência.

We cannot ignore the basic assumptions of science.

Modal verb 'poder' in the negative.

A sua pergunta contém um pressuposto perigoso.

Your question contains a dangerous assumption.

Verb 'conter' conjugated in the third person.

É um pressuposto que todos os cidadãos paguem impostos.

It is an assumption that all citizens pay taxes.

Impersonal 'É um pressuposto que' followed by subjunctive.

O advogado questionou os pressupostos processuais da ação.

The lawyer questioned the procedural prerequisites of the lawsuit.

Specific legal terminology 'pressupostos processuais'.

A teoria baseia-se num pressuposto de difícil comprovação.

The theory is based on an assumption that is hard to prove.

Noun phrase 'de difícil comprovação' acting as an adjective.

O pressuposto da boa-fé deve reger todos os contratos.

The assumption of good faith should govern all contracts.

Legal concept 'boa-fé' used as a complement.

A investigação partiu do pressuposto de que houve fraude.

The investigation started from the assumption that there was fraud.

Past tense 'partiu' indicating the start of a process.

Não se pode admitir o pressuposto da culpa sem provas.

One cannot admit the assumption of guilt without evidence.

Passive voice with 'se' (não se pode admitir).

A validade do teste depende de certos pressupostos técnicos.

The validity of the test depends on certain technical prerequisites.

Verb 'depender' followed by 'de'.

O pressuposto de que o mercado se autorregula é debatível.

The assumption that the market self-regulates is debatable.

Adjective 'debatível' used to challenge a common idea.

Eliminar o pressuposto do erro humano é quase impossível.

Eliminating the assumption/factor of human error is almost impossible.

Infinitive verb 'Eliminar' as the subject.

A fenomenologia de Husserl questiona os pressupostos da percepção.

Husserl's phenomenology questions the assumptions of perception.

Academic context with specific philosophical reference.

O pressuposto de que a linguagem é inata é central para Chomsky.

The assumption that language is innate is central to Chomsky.

Use of 'de que' with a complex theoretical clause.

A decisão judicial carece de fundamentação nos seus pressupostos.

The judicial decision lacks foundation in its premises.

Verb 'carecer' used for high-level formal writing.

Toda a estrutura social repousa sobre pressupostos culturais.

The entire social structure rests upon cultural assumptions.

Metaphorical use of the verb 'repousar'.

O pressuposto da neutralidade científica é frequentemente criticado.

The assumption of scientific neutrality is frequently criticized.

Passive voice with 'é criticado'.

A eficácia da lei depende do pressuposto da sua legitimidade.

The effectiveness of the law depends on the assumption of its legitimacy.

Abstract nouns 'eficácia' and 'legitimidade' used.

O autor omite o pressuposto ideológico que sustenta a sua tese.

The author omits the ideological assumption that supports his thesis.

Verb 'omitir' used to point out a logical flaw.

A democracia tem como pressuposto a participação ativa do povo.

Democracy has as its prerequisite the active participation of the people.

Structure 'ter como pressuposto' (to have as a prerequisite).

A hermenêutica jurídica exige a desconstrução de pressupostos tácitos.

Legal hermeneutics requires the deconstruction of tacit assumptions.

Highly specialized vocabulary (hermenêutica, desconstrução, tácitos).

O pressuposto da transcendência é inerente a certas metafísicas.

The assumption of transcendence is inherent to certain metaphysics.

Abstract philosophical usage.

Inexistindo os pressupostos de admissibilidade, o recurso não será conhecido.

In the absence of the prerequisites for admissibility, the appeal will not be heard.

Gerund 'Inexistindo' used for absolute clauses in legal Portuguese.

A arquitetura do sistema foi erguida sobre pressupostos de escalabilidade.

The system architecture was built on assumptions of scalability.

Metaphorical use of 'erguida' (raised/built).

O pressuposto de que a verdade é objetiva tem sido posto em xeque.

The assumption that truth is objective has been called into question.

Idiomatic expression 'posto em xeque' (challenged).

Articular os pressupostos ontológicos é o primeiro passo da ontologia.

Articulating ontological assumptions is the first step of ontology.

Infinitive subject and complex adjectives.

A validade da norma pressupõe a vigência de pressupostos fáticos.

The validity of the norm presupposes the existence of factual prerequisites.

Juxtaposition of the verb 'pressupõe' and noun 'pressupostos'.

A análise crítica deve desvelar os pressupostos que sustentam o discurso.

Critical analysis must reveal the assumptions that sustain the discourse.

Verb 'desvelar' (to unveil/reveal) used in academic critique.

常见搭配

Partir do pressuposto

Pressupostos processuais

Pressuposto básico

Sob o pressuposto

Pressuposto teórico

Falso pressuposto

Pressuposto ético

Pressuposto lógico

Cumprir os pressupostos

Questionar o pressuposto

常用短语

Pressuposto de que

— The assumption that. Essential for introducing a clause.

O pressuposto de que o tempo cura tudo é discutível.

Com base no pressuposto

— Based on the assumption. Used to justify an action.

Decidimos com base no pressuposto de lucro imediato.

Um pressuposto fundamental

— A fundamental premise. Refers to something essential.

A confiança é um pressuposto fundamental na amizade.

Pressupostos da pesquisa

— Research assumptions. Used in science to define context.

Os pressupostos da pesquisa foram listados no primeiro capítulo.

Apenas um pressuposto

— Just an assumption. Used to diminish an idea.

Isso não é um fato, é apenas um pressuposto seu.

Partindo-se do pressuposto

— Starting from the assumption (impersonal). Formal way to begin logic.

Partindo-se do pressuposto que a lei é justa, devemos obedecer.

Pressuposto implícito

— Implicit assumption. Something not stated but understood.

Havia um pressuposto implícito de que o jantar seria pago por ele.

Sem pressupostos

— Without assumptions. Usually meaning an open mind.

Tente ouvir a música sem pressupostos sobre o gênero.

Pressupostos legais

— Legal prerequisites. Conditions for a law to apply.

O crime não ocorreu por falta de pressupostos legais.

Todo pressuposto

— Every assumption. Used for totalizing statements.

Todo pressuposto deve ser testado pela realidade.

容易混淆的词

pressuposto vs Proposta

A proposal is an offer; a pressuposto is an assumption. Don't say 'Eu tenho um pressuposto' when you want to suggest a deal.

pressuposto vs Preposto

A preposto is a legal representative or agent. It sounds similar but has a completely different meaning.

pressuposto vs Propósito

Propósito means purpose or intention. A pressuposto is a logical starting point, not a goal.

习语与表达

"Partir do pressuposto"

— To take for granted from the very beginning of a thought or action.

Não parta do pressuposto que eu vou pagar a conta.

Neutral to Formal

"Cair o pressuposto"

— When the foundation of an argument is proven wrong, causing the argument to fail.

Quando a testemunha mentiu, caiu o pressuposto da acusação.

Informal/Metaphorical

"Sem pé nem pressuposto"

— An adaptation of 'sem pé nem cabeça', meaning something without any logical basis.

Essa sua ideia está sem pé nem pressuposto.

Informal

"Pressuposto de fachada"

— A fake or superficial assumption used to hide the real motive.

Eles usaram a ecologia como um pressuposto de fachada para o lucro.

Critical

"Montado num pressuposto"

— To be stubbornly convinced of an assumption regardless of facts.

Ele está montado num pressuposto falso e não quer ouvir ninguém.

Informal

"Pressuposto cego"

— An assumption made without any observation or willingness to see the truth.

Foi um pressuposto cego que nos levou ao erro.

Neutral

"Viver de pressupostos"

— To live based on what one imagines about others rather than reality.

Você não pode viver de pressupostos; precisa conversar com as pessoas.

Colloquial

"Derrubar o pressuposto"

— To prove that the initial assumption was false.

A nova prova derrubou o pressuposto da defesa.

Neutral/Formal

"Pressuposto de ouro"

— The most important or valuable assumption in a theory.

O pressuposto de ouro desta economia é o consumo constante.

Metaphorical

"Sob o manto do pressuposto"

— Doing something while hiding behind a specific assumption.

Sob o manto do pressuposto da segurança, eles tiraram nossa liberdade.

Literary/Political

容易混淆

pressuposto vs Suposição

Both translate to 'assumption'.

Suposição is a casual guess. Pressuposto is a foundational requirement for logic. You 'suppose' (supor) when you aren't sure, but you 'presuppose' (pressupor) to build an argument.

Minha suposição é que ele está atrasado. (Guess) / O pressuposto do contrato é a sua assinatura. (Requirement)

pressuposto vs Premissa

Very similar meanings in logic.

Premissa is usually explicit (A + B = C). Pressuposto is often implicit (the hidden beliefs behind the argument). Premissa is more common in math/logic, Pressuposto in law/social science.

A premissa maior é que todos os homens são mortais.

pressuposto vs Hipótese

Both are ideas used in research.

A hipótese is what you want to test. A pressuposto is what you assume is true so that the test can even happen.

A hipótese é que o remédio funciona. O pressuposto é que o paciente o tomará.

pressuposto vs Axioma

Both are starting points.

An axioma is a self-evident truth that needs no proof. A pressuposto might be false and needs to be stated clearly for the sake of the argument.

O axioma de que o todo é maior que a parte.

pressuposto vs Requisito

Both can mean something needed beforehand.

Requisito is usually a formal item on a list (like a document). Pressuposto is a logical condition.

Ter passaporte é um requisito. A paz é um pressuposto para viajar.

句型

O pressuposto é que + [Simple Sentence]

O pressuposto é que você fala português.

Parto do pressuposto de que + [Subjunctive/Indicative]

Parto do pressuposto de que todos concordam.

[Subject] baseia-se no pressuposto de + [Noun]

O plano baseia-se no pressuposto de paz.

Sob o pressuposto de que + [Clause]

Agimos sob o pressuposto de que haveria lucro.

Questionar o pressuposto de + [Noun]

Devemos questionar o pressuposto da superioridade.

Dado o pressuposto de que + [Clause]

Dado o pressuposto de que a alma existe, a ética muda.

Pressupostos de [Area] + [Verb]

Os pressupostos processuais impedem o julgamento.

Inexistindo o pressuposto de + [Noun]

Inexistindo o pressuposto de culpa, ele foi solto.

词族

名词

pressuposição (presupposition)

suposição (supposition)

posto (place/post)

动词

pressupor (to presuppose)

supor (to suppose)

por (to put)

形容词

pressuposto (presumed/presupposed)

suposto (supposed)

imposto (imposed)

如何使用

frequency

High in formal/academic Portuguese; low in very casual slang.

常见错误

Using 'pressuposto' to mean 'budget'. → orçamento
This is a confusion with the Spanish word 'presupuesto'. In Portuguese, 'pressuposto' only means assumption/premise.
Saying 'O pressuposto que ele viria'. → O pressuposto de que ele viria.
Substantives like 'pressuposto' require the preposition 'de' before a 'que' clause.
Using 'pressuposto' as a verb: 'Eu pressuposto isso'. → Eu pressuponho isso.
'Pressuposto' is a noun/participle. The verb is 'pressupor', which is irregular.
Confusing 'pressuposto' with 'proposta'. → Eu tenho uma proposta para você.
A 'proposta' is a proposal or offer. A 'pressuposto' is an assumption you already have.
Lack of agreement: 'As ideias pressuposto'. → As ideias pressupostas.
When functioning as an adjective, it must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies.

小贴士

The 'De Que' Rule

Always remember to use 'de' before 'que' when explaining your assumption. 'O pressuposto de que a terra é redonda' is correct. This is a sign of high-level grammar.

Don't confuse with 'Proposta'

If you are offering a deal, use 'proposta'. If you are starting an argument, use 'pressuposto'. This avoids embarrassing business mistakes.

Sound Smarter

Replace 'Eu acho que...' with 'Parto do pressuposto que...' in your next meeting. It immediately elevates your professional register.

Look for Context

When you see this word in a news title, look for the 'if/then' logic in the article. The pressuposto is the 'if'.

Lawyer Talk

If you see 'pressupostos' in a contract, these are requirements. Make sure they are all met before signing.

Thesis Writing

Use 'pressupostos teóricos' to group the authors and theories that your work depends on. It shows methodological rigor.

Sharp 'SS'

The double 's' in Portuguese is always voiceless (like 'hiss'). Never pronounce it like a 'z'.

Pre-Suppose

Think of it as the 'Pre-Supposed' fact. It happens BEFORE the rest of the story.

Agreement

If using it as an adjective, make sure it matches the noun. 'As condições pressupostas' is a common phrase in formal letters.

Logical Respect

In Portuguese culture, showing you have thought about your 'pressupostos' shows you respect the other person's intelligence.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'PRE-SUPPOSE'. It is a 'POST' (position) that you 'SUPPOSE' (assume) 'PRE' (before) you start talking.

视觉联想

Imagine a house where the foundation is labeled 'Pressuposto'. If you remove the foundation, the whole house of cards falls down.

Word Web

Lógica Premissa Direito Filosofia Base Requisito Suposição Teoria

挑战

Try to identify one 'pressuposto' in your favorite news article today. Write it down in Portuguese using the phrase 'O pressuposto do autor é que...'.

词源

From the Latin 'praesuppositus', which is the past participle of 'praesupponere'.

原始含义： Literally 'to put or place before'. 'Prae' (before) + 'supponere' (to place under).

Romance / Latin.

文化背景

Be careful when questioning someone's 'pressupostos' in a hierarchy (like with a boss), as it can be seen as very direct intellectual challenging.

English speakers often use 'assumption' loosely. In Portuguese, 'pressuposto' is more specific to the 'logical ground' of the matter.

Used extensively in the 'Código de Processo Civil' (Civil Procedure Code) of Brazil and Portugal. A key term in the works of Portuguese philosopher Agostinho da Silva. Frequently heard in 'Roda Viva', a famous Brazilian debate program.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Academia

Pressupostos teóricos
Marco pressuposto
Análise de pressupostos
Pressuposto metodológico

Law

Pressupostos processuais
Pressuposto de admissibilidade
Pressuposto legal
Ausência de pressupostos

Business

Pressupostos de mercado
Pressuposto de crescimento
Trabalhar sob o pressuposto
Pressuposto orçamentário

Daily Logic

Partir do pressuposto
Falso pressuposto
Pressuposto implícito
Questionar o pressuposto

Philosophy

Pressuposto ontológico
Pressuposto ético
Pressuposto da razão
A priori pressuposto

对话开场白

"Você acha que podemos partir do pressuposto de que a tecnologia é sempre boa?"

"Quais seriam os pressupostos básicos para uma sociedade perfeita?"

"Na sua opinião, qual é o pressuposto mais comum que as pessoas têm sobre o seu país?"

"Se mudarmos o pressuposto inicial deste projeto, o que aconteceria?"

"Você concorda com o pressuposto de que o dinheiro traz felicidade?"

日记主题

Reflita sobre um pressuposto que você tinha sobre aprender português e que se provou errado.

Descreva os pressupostos éticos que guiam as suas decisões mais importantes na vida.

Analise um conflito recente que você teve: houve algum pressuposto falso de alguma parte?

Quais são os pressupostos necessários para que uma amizade dure muitos anos?

Escreva sobre o pressuposto de que o futuro será melhor do que o presente.

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, it is generally considered a formal word. In casual conversation, people usually say 'eu achei que' or 'eu pensei que'. However, using 'pressuposto' in a professional setting is very appropriate and expected.

No, 'pressuposto' is the noun or the past participle. The verb form is 'pressupor'. For example, 'Eu pressuponho que você esteja bem' (I presuppose you are well).

A 'pressuposto' is a logical assumption. A 'preconceito' is a prejudice or a pre-judgment, usually negative and about people. While both are 'pre-judgments,' pressuposto is used for logic/theory and preconceito for social bias.

You can say 'Estou partindo do pressuposto que...' or 'Trabalho com o pressuposto de que...'. This sounds more natural than trying to use 'pressuposto' as a direct verb in the progressive tense.

The grammatically correct form is 'pressuposto de que'. In spoken Portuguese, people often drop the 'de', but in writing, you should always include it.

In Spanish, 'presupuesto' means budget. In Portuguese, it does NOT. The word for budget in Portuguese is 'orçamento'. This is a very common 'false friend' for Spanish speakers learning Portuguese.

This is a legal term referring to the conditions that must be met for a legal case to be validly processed by a court, such as the judge's competence or the legal capacity of the parties.

As a noun, it is always masculine ('o pressuposto'). As a past participle/adjective, it can be feminine ('a ideia pressuposta').

It is a logical error where you start an argument based on something that is not true. If the 'pressuposto' is false, the entire conclusion is usually considered invalid.

It is used equally in both. It is a standard term in the global Portuguese language, especially in formal, legal, and academic registers.

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