Swedish 语法中心

更快地理解 Swedish 语法

按级别和类别浏览语法系统，然后通过实际示例打开清晰的解释。

291 总规则
81 章节
7 CEFR 级别
从这里开始 开放词汇 开放式习语和短语
更快地理解 Swedish 语法

刚开始学 Swedish 语法？

从基础开始，一步一步打好根基。

从这里开始
有源滤波器： CEFR 级别: B1
B1 Verb Tenses

Pluskvamperfekt

It's the 'past-past' tense used to say what had already happened before something else did.

  • • Use the auxiliary verb `hade` (had) for all subjec...
  • • Combine `hade` with the `supinum` form of the main...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
B1 Verb Tenses 已验证

Past Perfect Usage

Think of it as a 'time jump' backwards from a story already set in the past.

  • • Use 'hade' plus the supine verb form (e.g., hade ä...
  • • It establishes a timeline: Event A (Past Perfect)...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Discourse & Pragmatics 已验证

Narrating Past Events

Main events get the Preterite, while background context gets the Pluperfect.

  • • Use Preterite for the main sequence: 'Jag åt lunch...
  • • Use Pluperfect for flashbacks: 'Jag var hungrig fö...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Tense & Aspect 已验证

Sequence of Tenses

When the main verb is in the past, shift your subordinate verbs to the past too.

  • • If the main verb is present, the subordinate claus...
  • • If the main verb is past, the subordinate clause u...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Conditionals 已验证

Conditional 'Skulle'

Think of 'skulle' as the Swedish 'would'—it turns reality into a possibility or a polite request.

  • • Use 'skulle' + infinitive for hypothetical actions...
  • • Use 'skulle' for polite requests: 'Skulle du kunna...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Conditionals 已验证

Hypothetical Clauses

Use 'skulle' for the result and past tense after 'om' for the condition.

  • • Use 'skulle' + infinitive for hypothetical outcome...
  • • The 'om' clause uses the past tense (preterite) to...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Conditionals 已验证

If-Clauses (Om-satser)

Start with 'om' for the condition, then flip the subject and verb in the main clause if it comes second.

  • • Use 'om' for the condition: 'Om det regnar, stanna...
  • • The main clause verb must be in the second positio...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Conditionals 已验证

Conditional Usage

Add 'skulle' before your verb to turn 'I do' into 'I would do'.

  • • Use 'skulle' + infinitive for hypothetical actions...
  • • Use it for polite requests: 'Skulle du kunna hjälp...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Verb Tenses 已验证

Future Perfect

Think of it as looking back at a finished task from a future perspective.

  • • Use 'kommer att ha' + past participle for the futu...
  • • The main verb must be in the supine form (e.g., 'ä...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Verb Tenses 已验证

Conditional Perfect

It's the Swedish way to express 'would have' for past possibilities that never came true.

  • • Combine 'skulle' + 'ha' + the supine verb form (e....
  • • Use it for regrets or hypothetical past scenarios...
12 例句 8 练习 10 FAQ
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B1 Verb Tenses 已验证

Advanced Tenses

Use 'kommer att ha' for future completion and 'skulle ha' for past hypothetical or future-in-the-past.

  • • Future Perfect: Use 'kommer att ha' + past partici...
  • • Past Future: Use 'skulle ha' + past participle (e....
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Verb Tenses 已验证

Complex Tense Usage

Think of complex tenses as 'time-traveling' verbs that anchor one event to another event's timeline.

  • • Use 'hade' + supinum for actions completed before...
  • • Use 'ska ha' + supinum for actions that will be fi...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Passive & Reported Speech 已验证

Bli-passive

When the action matters more than the actor, use 'bli' plus the past participle.

  • • Use 'bli' + past participle for dynamic actions: '...
  • • The past participle must agree with the subject in...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Passive & Reported Speech

Bli vs S-passive

Bli is for 'happening right now' events; S is for 'how things are' or formal writing.

  • • Use 'bli' + past participle for dynamic events: 'B...
  • • Add '-s' to the verb for formal instructions: 'Dör...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
B1 Passive & Reported Speech 已验证

Passive in Tenses

Shift focus from the 'doer' to the 'done-to' by adding an -s or using 'bli'.

  • • Add '-s' to the end of the verb in any tense (e.g....
  • • Use 'bli' + past participle for dynamic actions (e...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Passive & Reported Speech 已验证

Passive Construction

Use '-s' for formal/general actions and 'bli' for specific events where the 'doer' is secondary.

  • • Add '-s' to the infinitive or present tense to for...
  • • Use 'bli' + past participle for dynamic actions: '...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Passive & Reported Speech 已验证

Reported Speech

Use 'att' to report what someone said, and remember to change 'I' to 'he/she' and 'now' to 'then'.

  • • Use 'att' to introduce the reported clause: 'Han s...
  • • Shift pronouns to match the new perspective: 'Jag'...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Passive & Reported Speech 已验证

Tense Changes

Use passive reporting structures to sound objective and professional when you don't want to name the source.

  • • Use 'Det sägs att...' to report general opinions:...
  • • Use passive verbs with 'att' clauses: Det påstås a...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Passive & Reported Speech

Pronoun Changes

Adjust pronouns so the 'I' in the quote becomes 'he' or 'she' in your report.

  • • Change 'jag' to 'han/hon' if reporting someone els...
  • • Shift 'vi' to 'de' when reporting a group you aren...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Passive & Reported Speech

Indirect Questions

Stop treating it like a question; treat it like a sub-clause where the subject always comes before the verb.

  • • Use 'om' for yes/no questions: 'Kommer han?' becom...
  • • Keep the question word (vad, var, när) but use sta...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
B1 Passive & Reported Speech 已验证

Indirect Speech

When reporting speech, use 'att' and adjust your pronouns to match who is talking about whom.

  • • Use 'att' (that) to introduce the reported clause:...
  • • Shift pronouns to match the new perspective: 'Jag'...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Passive & Reported Speech

Reporting Verbs

It's the Swedish way to say 'they say' or 'it is rumored' using a single passive verb.

  • • Add -s to the verb to make it passive: 'säga' beco...
  • • Use 'Det' as a placeholder: 'Det sägs att...' (It...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Passive & Reported Speech

Passive and Reported

Turn actions around with '-s' and move 'inte' forward when reporting what someone said.

  • • Add '-s' to the verb to make it passive: 'Huset må...
  • • Use 'bli' + past participle for dynamic passive: '...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Verb Forms 已验证

Present Participle

It's a verb-turned-adjective that describes an ongoing action or state without changing for gender or number.

  • • Add -ande to most verbs, especially those ending i...
  • • Add -ende to verbs not ending in -a, like short ve...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
B1 Verb Forms 已验证

Past Participle

Think of it as a verb acting like an adjective to describe something that has already happened.

  • • Group 1 verbs end in -ad (en), -at (ett), or -ade...
  • • Group 4 (strong) verbs end in -en (en), -et (ett),...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 形容词 已验证

Participles as Adjectives

Think of participles as 'verb-flavored adjectives' that describe either an ongoing action or a completed state.

  • • Present Participle (-ande/-ende) is active and nev...
  • • Past Participle (-ad/-en) is passive/resultative a...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Verb Forms 已验证

Participle Usage

Use -ande for 'doing' and -d/-t/-tt for 'done' to describe nouns like a native.

  • • Presensparticip adds -ande/-ende to the verb stem...
  • • Perfektparticip uses the supine form, often ending...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Gerunds & Infinitives 已验证

Infinitive After Verbs

Use 'att' for most verb pairs, but skip it after modals like 'can', 'will', or 'must'.

  • • Modal verbs like 'kan', 'vill', and 'ska' never ta...
  • • Most main verbs like 'hoppas', 'lovar', and 'försö...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Gerunds & Infinitives 已验证

Infinitive as Subject

Start your sentence with 'att' + verb to turn an action into a subject.

  • • Place the infinitive at the start: 'Att simma är k...
  • • Use 'att' before the verb: 'Att läsa böcker tar ti...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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B1 Gerunds & Infinitives 已验证

Gerund-like Structures

Forget '-ing'—in Swedish, the infinitive with 'att' does all the heavy lifting for verbal nouns.

  • • Use 'att' + infinitive for subjects: 'Att röka är...
  • • Use 'att' after prepositions: 'Han är bra på att s...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
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