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가중되다

B2 verb 7分钟阅读

가중되다

Q: How do I say 'aggravated punishment'?

It is '가중 처벌' (加重 處罰).

gajungdoeda

开始练习例句笔记与提示 가중되다 30秒了解

解析 가중되다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '가중되다' is a very difficult word that you won't usually see. It is much better to use simple words like '더' (more) or '많이' (a lot). However, you can think of it as 'becoming very heavy.' Imagine you have one backpack, and then someone puts five more books in it. The weight is 'increased' or 'piled up.' In A1 Korean, you would just say '가방이 더 무거워졌어요' (The bag became heavier). '가중되다' is like a fancy, grown-up way to say that something bad is getting bigger and heavier. You might hear it on the news, but for now, just remember it means 'something bad is getting worse and heavier.'

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For A2 learners, '가중되다' can be understood as a formal version of '심해지다' (to get worse) or '늘어나다' (to increase). It is used when a problem or a difficult task becomes even more difficult. For example, if you are already busy with work and your boss gives you more work, your 'work burden' (업무 부담) is '가중되다.' At this level, you should start recognizing the Hanja '중' (重) which means 'heavy.' You see this '중' in words like '중요하다' (important - heavy with meaning). So, '가중되다' is when the 'weight' of a problem is 'added' (가). You don't need to use it in your own speaking yet, but try to recognize it when you read a news headline about 'stress' (스트레스) or 'money problems' (경제적 부담).

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At the B1 level, you are moving into more formal topics. '가중되다' is a key word for discussing social issues and workplace stress. It specifically means that a burden or pressure is being aggravated or intensified. You should notice that it is a passive verb (되다), so the thing that is getting worse is the subject. A common sentence pattern is 'A 때문에 B가 가중되다' (Because of A, B is aggravated). For example, '취업난 때문에 청년들의 고민이 가중되고 있다' (Because of the job shortage, the worries of young people are being aggravated). This word is very useful for the TOPIK I writing task if you want to describe a negative trend. It sounds much more professional than just saying '많아지다' (to become many).

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At the B2 level, you should be able to use '가중되다' accurately in formal writing and discussions. It is the standard term for 'aggravated' or 'compounded' negative circumstances. You must distinguish it from '증가하다' (to increase). '증가하다' is neutral and used for statistics (e.g., population increase). '가중되다' is qualitative and emotional, focusing on the *weight* of the increase. You will frequently see it in legal contexts (가중 처벌 - aggravated punishment) and economic contexts (부담 가중 - increase of burden). You should also be familiar with its active counterpart, '가중시키다' (to aggravate/to make heavier). Using this word correctly shows that you understand the nuanced difference between a simple numerical increase and the worsening of a difficult situation.

For C1 learners, '가중되다' is an essential part of a sophisticated vocabulary. You should use it to describe the compounding effects of multiple negative factors. For example, in a sociological essay, you might discuss how 'structural inequality is aggravated (가중되다) by educational disparities.' It conveys a sense of systemic pressure. You should also be aware of its usage in specialized fields: in law, it refers to the enhancement of a penalty; in physics or engineering, it could refer to the cumulative application of force (though '하중' is more common there); in medicine, it refers to the exacerbation of symptoms due to secondary factors. At this level, you should also be able to use related Hanja terms like '가중치' (weight/weighted value) in statistics or decision-making processes.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of '가중되다' and can use it with precision to denote the escalation of abstract pressures. You understand that the word carries a specific 'gravitas'—it implies that the subject has reached a point of critical mass or is approaching a threshold of endurance. You can use it in high-level literary or rhetorical contexts to describe the 'piling on' of existential dread or historical burdens. You are also capable of distinguishing it from very similar formal terms like '심화되다' (to intensify/deepen), '고조되다' (to heighten/reach a climax), and '격화되다' (to intensify/become fierce). For a C2 speaker, '가중되다' is not just a verb but a tool to describe the increasing complexity and weight of the human or social condition.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

가중되다 30秒了解

A formal verb meaning a burden or negative situation becomes heavier or more intense.
Rooted in Hanja (加 add + 重 heavy), it implies 'piling on' weight.
Commonly used for work pressure, economic hardship, and legal penalties.
Exclusively used for negative contexts; never for positive increases like happiness.

The Korean verb 가중되다 (Gajung-doeda) is a sophisticated term primarily used to describe a situation where a burden, pressure, or negative circumstance becomes significantly heavier or more intense. To understand this word deeply, one must look at its Hanja roots: 加 (가) meaning 'to add' and 重 (중) meaning 'heavy' or 'weight.' When combined with 되다 (to become), it literally translates to 'to become heavier through addition.' Unlike simple words for 'increase' like 늘어나다 or 증가하다, 가중되다 almost exclusively carries a negative or serious connotation. It is the language of news reports, academic papers, and formal grievances. When a student feels that their homework load is becoming unbearable, or when a citizen feels the economic pressure of rising inflation, they would use this term to convey the gravity of the situation.

Etymological Nuance: The root '중(重)' implies a physical or metaphorical weight. Therefore, you don't just 'increase' a number; you 'aggravate' a load. It suggests that the current state was already difficult, and the new addition makes it exponentially worse.

최근 경기 불황으로 서민들의 경제적 고통이 가중되고 있습니다. (Due to the recent economic recession, the economic suffering of ordinary people is being aggravated.)

In a legal context, 가중되다 is used to describe 'aggravated' penalties. If someone commits a crime while already on probation, their sentence might be 가중 (added to). In daily life, it is frequently used in the workplace. When a colleague leaves the company and their work is distributed among the remaining staff, the 업무 부담 (work burden) is said to 가중되다. It is a word that demands attention because it signals that a breaking point may be approaching. It is not used for positive increases; you would never say your 'happiness is 가중되다' unless you were being extremely sarcastic about the 'burden' of being too happy.

Common Subject Pairings: Commonly paired with nouns like 부담 (burden), 압박 (pressure), 고통 (pain), 피로 (fatigue), and 처벌 (punishment).

시험 기간이 다가올수록 학생들의 심리적 압박감이 가중되었다. (As the exam period approached, the psychological pressure on students was increased/aggravated.)

Using 가중되다 correctly requires understanding its passive nature. As a '되다' verb, it indicates that the subject is receiving the action or undergoing the change. Therefore, the subject is typically the 'burden' or 'pressure' itself. You use the particle 이/가 with the noun that is becoming heavier. For example, 피로가 가중되다 (fatigue is aggravated). If you want to use the active form to say someone is *making* the burden heavier, you would use 가중시키다 (to aggravate/to increase).

Sentence Structure: [Cause/Reason] + -(으)로 인해 + [Subject/Burden] + 이/가 + 가중되다. This is the most common formal pattern used in journalism.

인력 부족으로 인해 남아있는 직원들의 피로가 가중되고 있다. (Due to the shortage of manpower, the fatigue of the remaining employees is being aggravated.)

When talking about legal punishments, the word is often used in the context of 'aggravated punishment' (가중 처벌). In a sentence, you might see 형량이 가중되다 (the sentence/penalty was increased). This happens when there are 'aggravating factors' like recidivism or extreme cruelty. In environmental discussions, you might hear about how climate change is 가중-ing natural disasters, meaning it makes them more frequent and severe. Note that 가중되다 is rarely used in casual conversation with friends; instead, people would use 심해지다 (to get worse) or 늘어나다 (to increase). Using 가중되다 in a casual setting makes you sound like a news anchor or a very serious academic.

폭염이 지속되면서 전력 수급에 대한 우려가 가중되었다. (As the heatwave continued, concerns about power supply and demand were aggravated.)

You will encounter 가중되다 most frequently in the 'Society' (사회) or 'Economy' (경제) sections of Korean news broadcasts like KBS, MBC, or SBS. Anchors use it to discuss the 'aggravation' of social issues. For instance, during a strike, the reporter might say, 시민들의 불편이 가중되고 있습니다 (Citizens' inconvenience is being aggravated). It provides a level of professional gravity that everyday words lack. In business meetings, a manager might use it to describe the 비용 부담 (cost burden) increasing due to rising raw material prices. It signals to the listeners that the situation is serious and requires immediate attention.

Domain: Legal & Policy: In law, '가중 처벌' (aggravated punishment) is a standard term. If a law is revised to increase penalties for a specific crime, experts will say the punishment has been '가중되었다'.

음주 운전 재범의 경우 처벌이 가중될 수 있습니다. (In the case of repeated drunk driving, the punishment can be aggravated/increased.)

Another common place is in medical or psychological reports. A doctor might write that a patient's 통증 (pain) or 스트레스 (stress) has been 가중 due to external factors like lack of sleep. In documentary narrations, it’s used to describe the worsening conditions of wildlife or impoverished communities. If you are preparing for the TOPIK II (Test of Proficiency in Korean), specifically the writing section (Question 53 or 54), this is a 'gold medal' word. Using it correctly to describe a graph showing rising social problems will instantly boost your score because it demonstrates a high-level (B2-C1) vocabulary range.

정부의 새로운 규제로 기업들의 부담이 가중될 전망입니다. (The burden on companies is expected to be aggravated by the government's new regulations.)

The most frequent mistake learners make with 가중되다 is using it for positive increases. Because the English translation is often 'increased,' students might say 월급이 가중되었다 (My salary was aggravated). This sounds very strange to a native speaker because a salary increase is a benefit, not a burden. For positive things, use 인상되다 (for prices/salaries) or 늘어나다 (general increase). Remember: 가중되다 is for things you *don't* want more of.

Mistake: Positive Contexts: Incorrect: 성적이 가중되었어요 (My grades increased). Correct: 성적이 올랐어요 or 향상되었어요.

Another error is confusing the passive 가중되다 with the active 가중시키다. If you say 회사가 업무를 가중되었다, it is grammatically incorrect because '가중되다' cannot take a direct object (업무를). You must say 회사가 업무를 가중시켰다 (The company aggravated the work) or 업무가 가중되었다 (The work was aggravated). Always check if the subject is the thing *becoming* heavy or the person *making* it heavy.

잘못된 표현: 기쁨이 가중되었다. (X)
올바른 표현: 기쁨이 커졌다. (O)

Lastly, don't overuse it in casual speech. If you tell your friend 배고픔이 가중되고 있어 (My hunger is being aggravated), they might laugh or think you are practicing for a play. In daily life, stick to 심해지다 (to get worse) or simply 더 ~해지다. Reserve 가중되다 for formal writing, speeches, or when you specifically want to emphasize a 'heavy burden.'

To master 가중되다, it helps to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. While they all deal with things getting 'more,' their nuances vary significantly. Understanding these differences will help you choose the most precise word for your context.

가중되다 vs. 악화되다 (Worsen): '악화되다' means a situation or health condition is getting worse in quality. '가중되다' specifically emphasizes that the *weight* or *quantity* of the burden is increasing.
가중되다 vs. 심해지다 (Become Severe): '심해지다' is more general and used in daily life. You can say 'the rain is getting severe' (비가 심해지다), but you wouldn't say 'the rain is becoming heavier' using '가중되다' unless you mean the *burden* of the rain on the city.
가중되다 vs. 증폭되다 (Amplify): '증폭되다' is often used for sounds, waves, or emotions like 'conflict' (갈등) or 'suspicion' (의혹). It implies a spreading or growing in volume/scale.

Comparison:
1. 감기가 악화되었다. (The cold got worse - health quality.)
2. 업무가 가중되었다. (The work burden increased - weight of task.)

If you are looking for a more neutral alternative, 더해지다 (to be added) is a great choice. It doesn't necessarily have the 'heavy' nuance of 중(重). For example, 아름다움이 더해지다 (Beauty is added) is perfectly fine, whereas 아름다움이 가중되다 would imply that beauty is a heavy, painful burden. Use 가중되다 when you want to sound professional and highlight the 'weight' of the issue.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The character 重 (중) originally depicted a person standing on a bag of earth, symbolizing a heavy load. In modern Korean, it is used in both physical (weight) and metaphorical (importance) contexts.

发音指南

UK /ɡa.dʑuŋ.dwe.da/

US /ɡa.dʒuŋ.dwe.da/

The primary stress is on the second syllable '중' (jung), as it carries the core meaning of 'heavy'.

押韵词

집중되다 (jip-jung-doeda - to be concentrated) 확충되다 (hwak-chung-doeda - to be expanded) 보충되다 (bo-chung-doeda - to be supplemented) 편중되다 (pyeon-jung-doeda - to be biased/lopsided) 가중하다 (ga-jung-hada - to aggravate) 존중되다 (jon-jung-doeda - to be respected) 신중하다 (sin-jung-hada - to be cautious) 중단되다 (jung-dan-doeda - to be suspended)

常见错误

Pronouncing '중' as 'jun' without the 'g' sound.
Pronouncing '되다' as 'de-da' instead of 'dwe-da'.
Confusing the 'g' in 'ga' with a strong 'k' sound.
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.
Failing to aspirate the 'd' in 'da' slightly at the end.

难度评级

阅读 4/5

Common in news and academic texts, but requires Hanja knowledge.

写作 5/5

Hard to use correctly without mixing up active/passive or positive/negative.

口语 4/5

High-level word that sounds very formal; rarely used in daily chat.

听力 4/5

Often heard in news broadcasts; crucial for understanding serious topics.

接下来学什么

前置知识

무겁다 더하다 되다 부담 압박

接下来学习

경감하다 완화하다 심화되다 격화되다 증폭되다

高级

가중치 누적되다 상쇄되다 촉발하다 귀결되다

需要掌握的语法

Passive -되다 vs Active -하다

업무가 가중되다 vs 업무를 가중하다

Causative -시키다

부담을 가중시키다 (to cause the burden to be aggravated)

-(으)로 인해 (Due to)

폭우로 인해 피해가 가중되었다.

-아/어지다 (Become)

심해지다 (to become severe) is a common synonym.

-고 있다 (Progressive)

부담이 가중되고 있다 (The burden is being aggravated).

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按水平分级的例句

일이 많아져서 힘들어요.

I have more work, so it's hard.

A1 alternative using '많아지다'.

가방이 더 무거워졌어요.

The bag became heavier.

Physical weight using '무거워지다'.

스트레스가 더 생겼어요.

I have more stress.

Simple '더' (more) usage.

걱정이 많아요.

I have many worries.

Simple '많다' (many).

비가 많이 와서 힘들어요.

It's hard because it's raining a lot.

Describing a difficult situation simply.

공부가 너무 어려워졌어요.

Studying became too difficult.

Using '어려워지다' (to become difficult).

돈이 없어서 힘들어요.

It's hard because I don't have money.

Simple cause and effect.

사람이 많아서 복잡해요.

It's crowded because there are many people.

Describing a negative situation simply.

업무 부담이 더 커졌어요.

The work burden became bigger.

Using '커지다' (to become big).

시험 공부가 갈수록 힘들어요.

Studying for the exam gets harder as time goes by.

Using '갈수록' (more and more).

문제가 더 심해졌어요.

The problem became more severe.

Using '심해지다' (to get worse).

피로가 쌓이고 있어요.

Fatigue is piling up.

Using '쌓이다' (to be piled up).

걱정이 더 늘어났어요.

Worries have increased more.

Using '늘어나다' (to increase).

물가가 올라서 부담이 돼요.

Prices rose, so it's a burden.

Using '부담이 되다' (to be a burden).

아픈 곳이 더 심해졌어요.

The painful area became worse.

Describing worsening pain.

일이 겹쳐서 아주 바빠요.

Tasks are overlapping, so I'm very busy.

Using '겹치다' (to overlap).

불황으로 경제적 어려움이 가중되고 있습니다.

Due to the recession, economic difficulties are being aggravated.

B1 level usage with '가중되다'.

잘못된 정보로 혼란이 가중되었습니다.

Confusion was aggravated by wrong information.

Abstract burden (confusion).

인력 부족으로 남은 사람들의 업무가 가중되었다.

The work of the remaining people was aggravated due to lack of manpower.

Common workplace context.

가뭄이 계속되면서 농민들의 시름이 가중되고 있다.

As the drought continues, the farmers' worries are being aggravated.

Using '시름' (sorrow/worry).

교통 체증으로 시민들의 불편이 가중되었다.

Citizens' inconvenience was aggravated by traffic congestion.

Social issue context.

부상자가 늘어나면서 의료진의 피로가 가중되고 있다.

As the number of injured increases, the fatigue of medical staff is being aggravated.

Describing fatigue increase.

추가 비용이 발생하여 예산 부담이 가중되었습니다.

Additional costs occurred, so the budget burden was aggravated.

Financial context.

논란이 계속되자 비판의 목소리가 가중되었다.

As the controversy continued, the voice of criticism was aggravated.

Abstract social pressure.

대외적인 압박이 가중되자 정부는 대책을 발표했다.

As external pressure was aggravated, the government announced measures.

Political/Diplomatic context.

범행 동기가 불량하여 처벌이 가중될 것으로 보입니다.

Since the motive for the crime was bad, the punishment is expected to be aggravated.

Legal context: '가중 처벌'.

원자재 가격 상승으로 기업들의 경영난이 가중되고 있다.

Due to the rise in raw material prices, the management difficulties of companies are being aggravated.

Economic/Business context.

지속적인 소음으로 주민들의 스트레스가 가중되고 있습니다.

Residents' stress is being aggravated by continuous noise.

Daily life problem in formal terms.

기후 변화로 인해 자연재해의 위험이 가중되고 있다.

The risk of natural disasters is being aggravated due to climate change.

Environmental context.

사건의 진상이 밝혀질수록 의혹이 가중되었다.

As the truth of the case was revealed, suspicion was aggravated.

Abstract suspicion (의혹).

인구 감소로 인해 지방 도시의 소멸 위기가 가중되고 있다.

The crisis of extinction of local cities is being aggravated due to population decline.

Societal crisis context.

경쟁이 치열해지면서 학생들의 심리적 압박감이 가중되었다.

As competition became fierce, students' psychological pressure was aggravated.

Psychological state.

구조적인 모순이 해결되지 않아 사회적 갈등이 가중되고 있다.

Since structural contradictions are not resolved, social conflicts are being aggravated.

Sociological analysis.

금리 인상은 가계 부채의 이자 부담을 가중시키는 요인이 된다.

The interest rate hike becomes a factor that aggravates the interest burden of household debt.

Economic analysis.

해당 범죄는 가중 처벌 대상에 해당함을 명시해야 한다.

It must be clearly stated that the crime in question is subject to aggravated punishment.

Formal legal language.

환경 오염의 가속화는 인류의 생존 위협을 가중시키고 있다.

The acceleration of environmental pollution is aggravating the threat to human survival.

Global issue discourse.

불확실한 시장 상황 속에서 투자자들의 불안감이 가중되었다.

In the uncertain market situation, investors' anxiety was aggravated.

Financial market psychology.

양극화 현상이 심화되면서 계층 간의 위화감이 가중되고 있다.

As the polarization phenomenon deepens, the sense of incompatibility between classes is being aggravated.

High-level social commentary.

기존의 규제에 새로운 법안이 더해져 기업의 규제 부담이 가중되었다.

A new bill was added to existing regulations, aggravating the regulatory burden on companies.

Regulatory context.

전쟁의 장기화로 인해 민간인들의 고통이 가중되고 있는 실정이다.

Due to the prolongation of the war, the suffering of civilians is being aggravated.

Geopolitical context.

역사적 트라우마가 현재의 정치적 대립과 결부되어 민족적 비극이 가중되었다.

Historical trauma coupled with current political confrontation has aggravated the national tragedy.

Historical/Philosophical analysis.

본 법안의 취지는 상습범에 대한 처벌을 가중함으로써 범죄 억제력을 높이는 데 있다.

The purpose of this bill is to increase crime deterrence by aggravating the punishment for habitual offenders.

Legislative intent phrasing.

정보의 과잉은 현대인들에게 인지적 부하를 가중시키는 역설적인 결과를 초래했다.

The excess of information has led to the paradoxical result of aggravating the cognitive load on modern people.

Psychological/Technological paradox.

권력의 집중은 필연적으로 부패의 위험을 가중시키며 민주주의의 근간을 흔든다.

The concentration of power inevitably aggravates the risk of corruption and shakes the foundations of democracy.

Political theory.

생태계의 연쇄적인 붕괴는 생물 다양성의 손실을 가중시키고 있다.

The chain collapse of ecosystems is aggravating the loss of biodiversity.

Scientific/Ecological discourse.

전 지구적 팬데믹은 기존의 보건 격차를 가중시키며 취약 계층을 더욱 한계로 몰아넣었다.

The global pandemic aggravated existing health disparities and pushed vulnerable groups further to the limit.

Public health analysis.

형이상학적 고뇌가 일상의 고단함과 맞물려 그의 정신적 피폐함이 가중되었다.

Metaphysical anguish combined with the weariness of daily life aggravated his mental exhaustion.

Literary/Existential description.

해당 정책의 부작용이 가중되자 학계에서는 전면적인 재검토를 요구하고 나섰다.

As the side effects of the policy were aggravated, academia began demanding a full-scale review.

Academic/Policy critique.

近义词

심화되다 악화되다 늘어나다 더해지다

反义词

경감되다 완화되다 줄어들다

常见搭配

부담이 가중되다

업무가 가중되다

처벌이 가중되다

피로가 가중되다

압박이 가중되다

고통이 가중되다

혼란이 가중되다

위기가 가중되다

의혹이 가중되다

불편이 가중되다

常用短语

가중 처벌

— Aggravated punishment. A higher penalty given due to specific reasons like recidivism.

그는 가중 처벌을 받았다.

부담 가중

— Increase of burden. Often used in news headlines about taxes or work.

세금 인상으로 인한 서민 부담 가중.

피로 가중

— Accumulation/aggravation of fatigue.

장시간 운전은 피로 가중의 원인이다.

위기 가중

— The worsening of a crisis.

식량 부족으로 위기가 가중되고 있다.

고통 가중

— The aggravation of pain or suffering.

전쟁은 민간인의 고통을 가중시킨다.

혼란 가중

— The increase of confusion or chaos.

정부의 발표 번복으로 혼란이 가중되었다.

압박감 가중

— The increase of psychological pressure.

마감 기한이 다가오자 압박감이 가중되었다.

불안 가중

— The increase of anxiety or insecurity.

치안 불안이 가중되고 있다.

갈등 가중

— The worsening of a conflict.

오해로 인해 두 사람의 갈등이 가중되었다.

의혹 가중

— The increase of suspicion.

그의 수상한 행동은 의혹을 가중시켰다.

容易混淆的词

가중되다 vs 증가하다

증가하다 is a neutral numerical increase (e.g., population), while 가중되다 is a worsening of a burden.

가중되다 vs 강화되다

강화되다 means 'to be strengthened' (often positive, like security or skills), whereas 가중되다 means 'to be aggravated' (negative).

가중되다 vs 심화되다

심화되다 means 'to deepen' (like a conflict or study), while 가중되다 emphasizes 'weight' and 'burden'.

习语与表达

"설상가상"

— Snow on top of frost. Used when one bad thing happens after another, making the situation '가중'.

비가 오는데 차까지 고장 났으니 설상가상이다.

Literary/Common

"엎친 데 덮친 격"

— Like being hit while already down. Similar to '가중되다' in terms of piling on misery.

감기에 걸렸는데 시험까지 겹쳤으니 엎친 데 덮친 격이다.

Colloquial

"불에 기름을 붓다"

— To pour oil on a fire. To aggravate a situation (가중시키다).

그의 말은 화난 친구에게 불에 기름을 붓는 꼴이었다.

Common

"산 넘어 산"

— Mountain after mountain. Used when burdens keep increasing.

하나를 해결하면 또 다른 문제가 생기니 산 넘어 산이다.

Common

"짐을 지우다"

— To place a burden on someone. Related to '부담을 가중시키다'.

그에게 너무 큰 짐을 지운 것 같다.

Common

"발등에 불이 떨어지다"

— Fire falling on the top of the foot. When urgency and pressure are suddenly aggravated.

마감이 내일이라 발등에 불이 떨어졌다.

Colloquial

"가시방석에 앉다"

— To sit on a cushion of thorns. Describes the extreme psychological pressure (압박 가중).

잘못을 저지른 후 그는 가시방석에 앉은 기분이었다.

Common

"숨이 턱 끝까지 차다"

— To be out of breath to the chin. Describes physical or mental fatigue being aggravated to the limit.

일이 너무 많아 숨이 턱 끝까지 찼다.

Colloquial

"사면초가"

— Surrounded by enemies on four sides. A situation where pressure is aggravated from all directions.

회사가 부도 위기에 처해 사면초가의 상황이다.

Literary

"벼랑 끝에 서다"

— To stand at the edge of a cliff. When a crisis is aggravated to the point of no return.

그는 파산 위기로 벼랑 끝에 서 있다.

Common

容易混淆

가중되다 vs 가중하다

It's the active form of the same word.

가중되다 is passive (the burden gets heavier), 가중하다 is active (someone makes the burden heavier).

정부는 세금을 가중했다 vs 세금이 가중되었다.

가중되다 vs 가중치

Contains the same root '가중'.

가중치 is a noun meaning 'weighted value' used in math or evaluations.

수학 성적에 가중치를 둡니다.

가중되다 vs 가중시키다

Very similar meaning.

It is the causative form, meaning 'to cause something to be aggravated.' Often interchangeable with 가중하다.

스트레스가 병을 가중시켰다.

가중되다 vs 가증스럽다

Sounds similar (Gajeung vs Gajung).

가증스럽다 means 'hateful' or 'detestable.' It has no relation to weight or burdens.

그의 거짓말은 가증스럽다.

가중되다 vs 가중 (荷重)

Homonym (different Hanja).

This '가중' (荷重) refers specifically to a physical load or force in engineering/physics.

다리가 가중을 견디지 못했다.

句型

N 때문에 N이/가 가중되다

일 때문에 스트레스가 가중되었다.

N-(으)로 인해 N이/가 가중되다

불황으로 인해 경제적 부담이 가중되었다.

갈수록 N이/가 가중되고 있다

갈수록 청년 실업 문제가 가중되고 있다.

N은 N을/를 가중시키는 요인이다

금리 인상은 가계 부채를 가중시키는 요인이다.

N이/가 가중될 우려가 있다

인력 부족으로 업무가 가중될 우려가 있다.

N과 N이 맞물려 N이/가 가중되다

가뭄과 해충이 맞물려 농작물 피해가 가중되었다.

N에 대한 의혹이 가중되다

그의 발언으로 인해 사건에 대한 의혹이 가중되었다.

N의 가중 처벌을 요구하다

시민들은 음주 운전자에 대한 가중 처벌을 요구했다.

词族

名词

가중 (加重) Aggravation, increase of weight/burden.

가중치 (加重値) Weighted value (in statistics/math).

가중 처벌 (加重處罰) Aggravated punishment.

动词

가중하다 (加重하다) To aggravate, to increase the weight (active).

가중시키다 (加重시키다) To cause something to be aggravated (causative).

如何使用

frequency

High in formal media, Low in daily casual speech.

常见错误

기쁨이 가중되었다. → 기쁨이 커졌다.
You cannot use '가중되다' for positive emotions like joy.
사장님이 업무를 가중되었다. → 사장님이 업무를 가중시켰다.
The subject '사장님' is an agent, so you must use the active/causative '가중시키다' with the object particle '를'.
인구가 가중되고 있다. → 인구가 증가하고 있다.
Population is a neutral statistic, so '증가하다' is used. Use '가중되다' only if you are emphasizing the *burden* of the population.
키가 가중되었어요. → 키가 컸어요.
Physical height is not a burden; use '크다' or '자라다'.
성적이 가중되길 바랍니다. → 성적이 오르길 바랍니다.
Hoping for grades to be 'aggravated' sounds like you want to suffer. Use '오르다' (to rise).

小贴士

Passive vs Active

Remember that '가중되다' is passive. The burden is the subject. Use '가중시키다' if you want to say something *caused* the increase.

Learn the Pairings

Memorize '업무 가중' and '부담 가중' as single units. They are the most frequent collocations.

TOPIK Writing

Use this word to describe social problems in Question 54 of the TOPIK II to show high-level vocabulary.

The 'Jung' Sound

Make sure to emphasize the 'ng' sound at the end of '중' to distinguish it from other similar sounds.

Formal Tone

Use this word when writing emails to professors or bosses about your workload.

Not Just More

It doesn't just mean 'more'; it means 'more and harder to deal with.'

Think Heavy

Keep the Hanja '重' (heavy) in mind. It will help you remember the negative/serious nuance.

News Anchor Speak

If you hear '가중', expect to hear about a strike, an economic crisis, or a legal case next.

vs. 늘어나다

If you can replace it with '늘어나다' but it sounds too simple, '가중되다' is probably the right formal choice.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Ga' as 'Go' and 'Jung' as 'Jungle.' When you 'Go' into the 'Jungle,' the dangers and weights are 'added' and 'become heavy.'

视觉联想

Imagine a scale that is already full, and then someone drops a heavy metal ball onto it, making the scale tip even further. That metal ball is '가중'.

Word Web

부담 압박 고통 처벌 피로 위기 의혹 혼란

挑战

Write three sentences about a bad day you had, using '가중되다' at least once to describe how your stress or work increased.

词源

Derived from the Hanja characters 加 (가) and 重 (중).

原始含义：加 (가) means 'to add' or 'to increase.' 重 (중) means 'heavy,' 'weight,' or 'serious.' Together, they mean 'to add weight.'

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based).

文化背景

Be careful when using this word about personal tragedies; it can sound a bit detached or overly formal if not used with empathy.

The word is similar to 'aggravated' in legal contexts or 'compounded' in general contexts (e.g., 'compounded interest' vs 'compounded problems').

Used in 'The King of Pigs' (Dae-ji-ui Wang) to describe the social pressure on students. Commonly found in the 'Chosun Ilbo' or 'Hankyoreh' newspaper editorials. Appears in legal dramas like 'Stranger' (Bimil-ui Sup) regarding sentence increases.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Workplace

업무 부담 가중
피로 누적 및 가중
책임 가중
인력난으로 인한 가중

Economics

물가 상승 부담 가중
금리 인상 압박 가중
가계 부채 가중
경영난 가중

Law

가중 처벌 대상
형량 가중 사유
가중 규정
법적 책임 가중

Environment

환경 오염 가중
기후 위기 가중
피해 가중
재해 위험 가중

Psychology

정신적 고통 가중
스트레스 가중
불안감 가중
심리적 압박 가중

对话开场白

"요즘 업무가 너무 가중되어서 힘드신 건 아니에요? (Isn't it hard because your work has been aggravated lately?)"

"물가 상승 때문에 생활비 부담이 가중되고 있는데, 어떻게 생각하세요? (Living expense burdens are being aggravated due to rising prices, what do you think?)"

"환경 문제가 가중되는 것을 막기 위해 우리가 무엇을 할 수 있을까요? (What can we do to prevent environmental problems from being aggravated?)"

"뉴스에서 처벌이 가중되어야 한다는 의견이 많던데, 동의하시나요? (There are many opinions in the news that punishment should be aggravated, do you agree?)"

"스트레스가 가중될 때 본인만의 해소 방법이 있나요? (Do you have your own way of resolving stress when it gets aggravated?)"

日记主题

최근 나를 가장 힘들게 하거나 부담이 가중되는 일은 무엇인가? (What is the thing that makes me most tired or aggravates my burden lately?)

사회적으로 어떤 갈등이 가중되고 있다고 생각하는가? 그 이유는? (What social conflict do you think is being aggravated? Why?)

업무나 학업의 부담이 가중될 때, 어떻게 평정심을 유지하는가? (When the burden of work or study is aggravated, how do you maintain your composure?)

가중 처벌이 범죄 예방에 정말 효과가 있다고 생각하는가? (Do you think aggravated punishment is really effective in preventing crime?)

과거에 비해 현대인의 삶에서 어떤 고통이 가중되었다고 느끼는가? (Compared to the past, what suffering do you feel has been aggravated in modern people's lives?)

常见问题

10 个问题

No, because a bank balance increase is positive. Use '늘어나다' or '증가하다' instead. '가중되다' is for burdens like debt.

Yes, but specifically 'worsen by adding more weight or pressure.' '악화되다' is the general word for 'worsen'.

You can, but it will sound very dramatic or sarcastic. It's like saying 'My chores are being aggravated' in English.

The most common is '부담' (burden), followed by '업무' (work) and '압박' (pressure).

Yes, it is a very common word in TOPIK II reading and writing sections (Levels 4-6).

It is '가중 처벌' (加重處罰).

It can (rarely, in engineering), but in 99% of cases, it refers to metaphorical weight like stress, costs, or responsibilities.

It is 加 (Add) and 重 (Heavy).

No, it is logically incorrect in Korean because happiness is not a burden.

Yes, it is a standard Sino-Korean term used across the peninsula in formal contexts.

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