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B1 verb 7分钟阅读

dayanmak

to rely on, to endure

At the A1 level, you should focus on the most literal and physical meaning of 'dayanmak'. Think of it as 'leaning'. Imagine you are tired and you lean against a wall or a tree. This is the simplest way to use the word. You might also see it in very basic contexts regarding how long something lasts, like food in a fridge. At this stage, just remember that if you lean 'on' something, that thing needs an '-e' or '-a' ending. For example, 'Duvara dayan' (Lean on the wall). It is a useful verb for describing physical positions and basic durability of everyday objects.
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At the A2 level, you start using 'dayanmak' for simple endurance and durability. You might use it to talk about the weather (enduring the heat or cold) or the quality of your clothes and gadgets. For instance, 'Bu ayakkabı çok dayanıklı' (These shoes are very durable). You also begin to understand the negative form 'dayanamamak' (to not be able to endure), which is very common when talking about things you don't like or physical pain. 'Sıcağa dayanamıyorum' (I can't stand the heat) is a classic A2 sentence. You are moving from just physical leaning to the beginning of emotional and physical resistance.
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At the B1 level, 'dayanmak' becomes a tool for expressing reliance and logical foundations. You will use it to say you are relying on a friend for help: 'Sana dayanıyorum' (I am leaning on you/relying on you). This is also the level where you use the gerund 'dayanarak' to mean 'based on'. For example, 'Tecrübelerime dayanarak söylüyorum' (I am saying this based on my experiences). You understand that 'dayanmak' isn't just about physical strength, but also about the evidence that supports an idea or the social support that keeps a person going during tough times. You are now using the word in abstract ways.
At the B2 level, you can handle more complex structures and idiomatic uses of 'dayanmak'. You might use phrases like 'bıçak kemiğe dayandı' to describe a situation that has reached a breaking point. You are comfortable using the verb in formal discussions to describe how a legal case is based on specific laws or how a scientific theory stands up to scrutiny. You also distinguish between 'dayanmak' (to withstand) and 'direnmek' (to resist actively). Your use of the word becomes more nuanced, allowing you to describe resilience in a sophisticated manner, whether in a professional report or a deep conversation about life's challenges.
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At the C1 level, you use 'dayanmak' with a high degree of precision in academic, literary, and professional contexts. You can discuss the ontological 'dayanak' (basis) of a philosophical argument or the structural 'dayanıklılık' (resilience) of a socio-economic system. You understand the subtle differences between 'dayanmak' and its various synonyms in different registers. You can use the verb to describe how a historical event 'reaches back' to a certain century: 'Bu geleneğin kökleri 15. yüzyıla dayanıyor' (The roots of this tradition date back to the 15th century). Your mastery allows you to use it metaphorically and literally without hesitation.
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At the C2 level, 'dayanmak' is a word you use with native-like fluidity, capturing all its historical and idiomatic richness. You can appreciate its use in classical Turkish literature and use it yourself to construct complex, multi-layered sentences. You are aware of its rarest meanings, such as 'to reach a certain limit' in a very specific technical sense. You can play with the word's different meanings to create puns or double meanings in your writing. For you, 'dayanmak' is not just a verb but a versatile conceptual tool that you can adapt to any context, from the most formal legal document to the most informal slang-filled conversation.
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例句 笔记与提示

dayanmak 30秒了解

  • Dayanmak means to lean, to endure, or to be based on.
  • It requires the dative case (-e/-a) for the object of support.
  • It describes both physical durability and emotional resilience.
  • Commonly used in 'dayanarak' (based on) for citing evidence.

The Turkish verb dayanmak is a multifaceted word that English speakers often find intriguing because it bridges the gap between physical action and abstract endurance. At its most basic, physical level, it means to lean against something or to rest your weight on an object. However, as you progress in Turkish, you will discover that it is most frequently used to describe the act of enduring a difficult situation, resisting a force, or basing an argument or belief on a specific foundation. In the context of relationships and social dynamics, it carries the weight of 'relying on' or 'depending on' someone, much like leaning on a pillar for support. This verb is essential for B1 learners because it allows for the expression of resilience and logical reasoning. Whether you are talking about a building standing firm against an earthquake or a person surviving a long winter, dayanmak is your go-to term.

Physical Support
To lean your body or an object against a surface for stability. Example: Duvara dayanıp dinlendi (He rested by leaning against the wall).
Endurance and Resilience
To withstand pain, pressure, or difficult conditions without giving up. Example: Bu soğuğa kimse dayanamaz (No one can endure this cold).
Logical Basis
To be based on or grounded in facts, evidence, or a specific theory. Example: Bu iddia kanıtlara dayanıyor (This claim is based on evidence).

Zor zamanlarda aileme dayanmak beni güçlü kılıyor.

In everyday Turkish life, you might hear this word when someone is testing the quality of a product. If a pair of shoes is 'dayanıklı', it means they are durable and can 'endure' the wear and tear of the streets. Furthermore, in formal or academic discussions, the phrase 'dayanarak' (based on) is incredibly common to cite sources. It is a word that encompasses both the strength of the human spirit and the structural integrity of the physical world. Understanding its nuances requires looking at the suffixes and the context of the sentence, as it can shift from a simple physical gesture to a profound statement of survival.

Using dayanmak correctly involves mastering the dative case. Unlike English where we use 'on' (rely on, lean on), Turkish uses the directional suffix -e or -a. This indicates the 'target' of the leaning or the endurance. For instance, if you are enduring a headache, the headache is the target of your endurance. If you are leaning on a table, the table is the target of your physical weight. This grammatical consistency makes it easier to predict how to structure your thoughts once you grasp the core logic of the dative case in Turkish.

Sırtını ağaca dayadı ve kitap okumaya başladı.

Withstanding Pressure
Used when something remains intact despite force. 'Baraj büyük su basıncına dayandı' (The dam withstood the great water pressure).
Reaching a Limit
Sometimes used to mean 'to reach' or 'to arrive at a boundary'. 'Bıçak kemiğe dayandı' (The knife has reached the bone - meaning the situation has become unbearable).

In negative forms, dayanamamak (cannot endure) is extremely common in emotional contexts. If someone says 'Sana dayanamıyorum', it can mean 'I can't stand you' (negative) or 'I can't resist you' (romantic/affectionate), depending entirely on the tone and context. This duality is a hallmark of Turkish emotional expression. Furthermore, when discussing the longevity of food or batteries, dayanmak is the standard verb. 'Bu süt üç gün dayanır' (This milk lasts for three days). As a B1 learner, you should practice switching between these physical, temporal, and emotional uses to become more fluent.

You will encounter dayanmak in a variety of settings, from construction sites to courtrooms. In the news, reporters often discuss how a certain policy is 'dayanaksız' (without basis) or how a historical discovery 'bilimsel gerçeklere dayanıyor' (is based on scientific facts). If you are watching a Turkish drama (dizi), you will inevitably hear a character cry out 'Artık dayanamıyorum!' (I can't take it anymore!) during a climactic scene. This highlights the word's role in expressing deep emotional limits and the human struggle against adversity.

Yeni köprü şiddetli rüzgarlara dayanacak şekilde inşa edildi.

Shopping Context
Asking a seller: 'Bu kumaş yıkamaya dayanır mı?' (Does this fabric withstand washing?).
Scientific/Academic Context
Describing a theory: 'Bu teori gözlemlere dayanmaktadır' (This theory is based on observations).

In the kitchen, you might hear 'Bu yemek yarına dayanmaz' (This food won't last until tomorrow), meaning it will spoil or be eaten. In sports, commentators praise an athlete's 'dayanıklılık' (stamina) when they continue to perform well under pressure. The word is pervasive because it touches upon the fundamental concept of stability—whether that stability is physical, emotional, or logical. By listening for the root dayan-, you can quickly identify whether the speaker is talking about support, endurance, or evidence.

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers is using the wrong case. In English, we say 'I rely on you.' If you translate this literally as 'Seni dayanıyorum' (using the accusative), it will sound very strange to a Turk. You must use the dative case: 'Sana dayanıyorum.' Another common mistake is confusing dayanmak with sabretmek (to be patient). While they are related, sabretmek is more about waiting calmly, whereas dayanmak is about actively resisting or withstanding a force or pain.

Yanlış: Masayı duvara dayandım. (I leaned the table against the wall - Incorrect usage of intransitive verb as transitive).

Correcting the above: To say 'I leaned the table against the wall,' you must use the causative form dayamak. So, 'Masayı duvara dayadım.' The root dayanmak is generally intransitive or reflexive. This is a subtle but important distinction. If you are the one leaning, use dayanmak. If you are leaning an object against something, use dayamak. Furthermore, learners often forget that 'dayanmak' can also mean 'to last' in terms of time. Don't use 'sürmek' (to continue/last) when you mean that a material remains in good condition; dayanmak is much more appropriate for durability.

To enrich your Turkish vocabulary, it is helpful to compare dayanmak with its synonyms and near-synonyms. While dayanmak is versatile, sometimes a more specific word is better suited for the context. For example, if you want to emphasize 'trusting' rather than just 'leaning on,' güvenmek is the better choice. If you are talking about 'tolerating' someone's behavior, katlanmak is often used, which carries a slightly more negative or burdensome connotation than the neutral dayanmak.

Katlanmak vs. Dayanmak
'Katlanmak' suggests putting up with something annoying or painful (to tolerate). 'Dayanmak' is more about the strength to withstand it (to endure).
Güvenmek vs. Dayanmak
'Güvenmek' is to trust someone's character. 'Dayanmak' is to rely on them for support in a specific situation.
Esas Almak vs. Dayanmak
In academic writing, 'esas almak' means to take something as a basis, while 'dayanmak' means to be grounded in it.

Another alternative for 'to last' is idare etmek, but this usually implies 'making do' with a limited amount. 'Bu para bizi bir hafta idare eder' (This money will last us/manage us for a week). In contrast, 'Bu pil on saat dayanır' (This battery lasts ten hours) focuses on the capability of the battery itself. By choosing the right word, you can express subtle differences in meaning that will make your Turkish sound much more natural and precise.

How Formal Is It?

正式

"Bu rapor istatistiksel verilere dayanmaktadır."

中性

"Bu ayakkabılar çok dayanıklı."

非正式

"Dayan be abi, az kaldı!"

Child friendly

"Bak, kardan adam hala dayanıyor!"

俚语

"Parayı görünce kapıya dayandı."

趣味小知识

The word 'dayanışma' (solidarity) comes from the same root, suggesting that society is built by people 'leaning on each other' for mutual support.

发音指南

UK /dɑ.jɑn.ˈmɑk/
US /dɑ.jɑn.ˈmɑk/
The primary stress is on the final syllable: da-yan-MAK.
押韵词
inanmak uyanmak kazanmak uzanmak utanmak boyanmak atlanmak canlanmak
常见错误
  • Pronouncing 'a' as in 'cat' (it should be more like 'father' or 'cup').
  • Stress on the first syllable.
  • Softening the 'k' at the end too much; it should be a clear voiceless velar plosive.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts, but nuances require context.

写作 4/5

Requires correct case usage (dative) which can be tricky for English speakers.

口语 3/5

Common in daily speech, especially in negative forms.

听力 3/5

Clear pronunciation, usually easy to catch.

接下来学什么

前置知识

bakmak kalmak güç temel durmak

接下来学习

katlanmak sabretmek direnmek yaslanmak güvenmek

高级

istinaden müstenit mukavemet tahammül payanda

需要掌握的语法

Dative Case (-e/-a)

Duvara dayanmak.

Potential Mood (-ebil)

Bu acıya dayanabilirim.

Negative Potential (-emez/amaz)

Dayanamazsın.

Gerund '-arak'

Verilere dayanarak.

Causative '-at'

Fikirlerini dayatmak (to impose).

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按水平分级的例句

1

Duvara dayanma.

Don't lean on the wall.

Negative imperative form.

2

Ağaca dayandım.

I leaned against the tree.

Past tense with dative case 'ağaca'.

3

Bu masa sağlam, dayanır.

This table is strong, it will hold.

Simple present tense for general capability.

4

Bana dayan.

Lean on me.

Imperative with dative pronoun 'bana'.

5

Süt iki gün dayanır.

The milk lasts for two days.

Temporal use of dayanmak.

6

Araba kapıya dayandı.

The car reached the door.

Meaning 'to reach up to'.

7

Burada dayanabilirsin.

You can lean here.

Potential mood (-ebil).

8

Dayanma noktası burası.

The support point is here.

Noun phrase using the infinitive.

1

Soğuğa dayanamıyorum.

I cannot stand the cold.

Negative potential present continuous.

2

Bu telefon suya dayanıklı.

This phone is water-resistant.

Adjective form 'dayanıklı'.

3

Acıya dayandı.

He endured the pain.

Past tense with dative 'acıya'.

4

Yemek yarına dayanmaz.

The food won't last until tomorrow.

Negative simple present.

5

Biraz daha dayanmalısın.

You must endure a bit more.

Necessitative mood (-malı).

6

Bu piller çok dayanıyor.

These batteries last a long time.

Present continuous for duration.

7

Gürültüye dayanamadı.

He couldn't stand the noise.

Negative potential past tense.

8

Dayanıklı bir çanta aldım.

I bought a durable bag.

Adjective modifying a noun.

1

Sana dayanmak istiyorum.

I want to rely on you.

Infinitive with 'istemek'.

2

Verilere dayanarak karar verdik.

We decided based on the data.

Adverbial participle '-arak'.

3

Bu iddia gerçeklere dayanmıyor.

This claim is not based on facts.

Negative present continuous with dative.

4

Zorluklara beraber dayanacağız.

We will endure the difficulties together.

Future tense.

5

Onun sözlerine dayanamam.

I can't stand his words.

Negative potential simple present.

6

Bu bina depreme dayanır mı?

Does this building withstand earthquakes?

Question form with dative.

7

Arkadaşına dayanabilirsin.

You can rely on your friend.

Potential mood.

8

Umutlarımıza dayanarak yaşıyoruz.

We live based on our hopes.

Metaphorical use of 'dayanarak'.

1

Bıçak kemiğe dayandı.

The situation has become unbearable.

Idiomatic expression.

2

Bu proje sağlam bir temele dayanıyor.

This project is based on a solid foundation.

Metaphorical use for projects.

3

Eleştirilere dayanmak kolay değil.

It's not easy to endure criticisms.

Infinitive as a subject.

4

Hukuki bir gerekçeye dayanmalısınız.

You must base it on a legal justification.

Formal necessitative.

5

Dayanıklılık testini geçti.

It passed the durability test.

Noun 'dayanıklılık'.

6

Bu kokuya kimse dayanamaz.

No one can endure this smell.

Negative potential with 'kimse'.

7

Söylentilere dayanarak hareket etme.

Don't act based on rumors.

Negative imperative with gerund.

8

Ekonomik krizlere dayanmak zordur.

It is hard to withstand economic crises.

General statement with '-dır'.

1

Tezimiz ampirik bulgulara dayanmaktadır.

Our thesis is based on empirical findings.

Formal '-maktadır' suffix.

2

Bu geleneğin kökeni antik çağlara dayanır.

The origin of this tradition dates back to ancient times.

Historical 'dating back' usage.

3

Psikolojik bir dayanağı var mı?

Does it have a psychological basis?

Noun 'dayanak' (basis/support).

4

Baskılara daha fazla dayanamayıp istifa etti.

Unable to endure the pressure any longer, he resigned.

Adverbial participle '-ıp' with negative potential.

5

Toplumsal dayanışma bu ilkeye dayanır.

Social solidarity is based on this principle.

Abstract sociological context.

6

Siyasi söylemi milliyetçiliğe dayanıyor.

His political discourse is based on nationalism.

Political analysis context.

7

Dayanma gücünü yitirdi.

He lost his power to endure.

Compound noun 'dayanma gücü'.

8

Bu varsayım mantıksal bir hataya dayanıyor.

This assumption is based on a logical error.

Logical critique.

1

Varlığımızın temel dayanağı sevgidir.

The fundamental basis of our existence is love.

Philosophical use of 'dayanak'.

2

Olaylar zinciri kaçınılmaz bir sona dayandı.

The chain of events reached an inevitable end.

Metaphorical 'reaching a limit'.

3

Hükümetin meşruiyeti halkın rızasına dayanır.

The legitimacy of the government is based on the consent of the people.

Political science terminology.

4

Şiirleri derin bir melankoliye dayanmaktadır.

His poems are grounded in a deep melancholy.

Literary analysis.

5

Hiçbir bilimsel temele dayanmayan iddialar bunlar.

These are claims that are not based on any scientific foundation.

Participle clause '-an'.

6

Sabrın sonu selamet, ama dayanmak gerek.

The end of patience is peace, but one must endure.

Proverbial style.

7

Bu mimari üslup Selçuklu dönemine dayanır.

This architectural style dates back to the Seljuk period.

Art history context.

8

İnsanın dayanma sınırlarını zorlayan bir deneyim.

An experience that pushes the limits of human endurance.

Complex noun phrase.

常见搭配

duvara dayanmak
gerçeklere dayanmak
acıya dayanmak
soğuğa dayanmak
kanıtlara dayanmak
sana dayanmak
temele dayanmak
yıkamaya dayanmak
bıçak kemiğe dayanmak
verilere dayanmak

常用短语

Dayan ha gayret!

Dayanacak gücüm kalmadı.

Ucu dokunmak/dayanmak

Kapıya dayanmak

Sırtını dayamak

Dişini sıkıp dayanmak

Dayanıklı tüketim malları

Sonuna kadar dayanmak

Mantığa dayanmak

Gözleme dayanmak

容易混淆的词

dayanmak vs yaslanmak

Yaslanmak is purely physical leaning, while dayanmak can be physical, emotional, or logical.

dayanmak vs sabretmek

Sabretmek is waiting with patience; dayanmak is withstanding the pressure or pain.

dayanmak vs katlanmak

Katlanmak implies a sense of burden or dislike, whereas dayanmak is more neutral about the act of withstanding.

习语与表达

"Bıçak kemiğe dayanmak"

To reach the point where a situation is no longer bearable.

Artık bıçak kemiğe dayandı, istifa ediyorum.

Informal/Neutral

"Sırtını sağlam yere dayamak"

To have a powerful or reliable person or institution supporting you.

Sırtını sağlam yere dayamış, ona bir şey olmaz.

Informal

"Canı boğazına dayanmak"

To be fed up, to be at the end of one's patience.

Bu gürültüden canım boğazıma dayandı.

Informal

"Kapıya dayanmak"

For something (usually a problem or a person) to arrive suddenly and urgently.

Kış kapıya dayandı, hala odun almadık.

Neutral

"Ucu birine dayanmak"

For the consequences of an action to eventually affect someone.

Bu yolsuzluğun ucu bakanlığa dayanıyor.

Neutral

"Dayan döşeğim dayan"

A humorous expression used when one has to endure a long and boring situation.

Toplantı bitmiyor, dayan döşeğim dayan.

Informal/Slang

"Yüreği dayanmamak"

To not be able to bear seeing someone's suffering; to be deeply moved.

Onun ağlamasına yüreğim dayanmıyor.

Emotional

"Gözü dayanmamak"

To not be able to look at something because it is too beautiful or too painful.

Bu parlak ışığa göz dayanmaz.

Literary

"Dayanma sınırı"

The limit of endurance or breaking point.

Her insanın bir dayanma sınırı vardır.

Neutral

"Arkasını dayamak"

Similar to 'sırtını dayamak', to rely on someone's influence.

Partiye arkasını dayayıp işe girdi.

Informal/Critical

容易混淆

dayanmak vs dayamak

Looks like dayanmak but is the causative/transitive version.

Dayanmak is 'to lean oneself', dayamak is 'to lean something else'.

Merdiveni duvara dayadım.

dayanmak vs dayatmak

Same root, but different meaning.

Dayatmak means to force or impose an idea/rule on someone.

Kendi kurallarını bize dayatıyor.

dayanmak vs danışmak

Sounds similar.

Danışmak means to consult or ask for advice.

Doktora danıştım.

dayanmak vs dayanışmak

Related root.

Dayanışmak means to act in solidarity with others.

Zor günlerde dayanışmalıyız.

dayanmak vs dayalı

Adjective form.

Dayalı means 'based on' or 'leaning against'.

Kanıta dayalı konuş.

句型

A1

[Noun]-e dayanmak

Duvara dayan.

A2

[Noun]-e dayanamamak

Sıcağa dayanamam.

B1

[Noun]-e dayanarak [Verb]

Sözlerine dayanarak geldim.

B2

[Noun] [Time] dayanmak

Bu yemek üç gün dayanır.

C1

[Abstract Noun]-e dayanmaktadır

Teori gözleme dayanmaktadır.

C1

[Noun]-e sırtını dayamak

Güçlü birine sırtını dayadı.

C2

Dayanma sınırı [Verb]

Dayanma sınırını zorluyor.

C2

Kökleri [Time]-e dayanmak

Kökleri tarihe dayanır.

词族

名词

动词

形容词

相关

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如何使用

frequency

Very common in both spoken and written Turkish.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'DA-YAN'. 'DA' like 'DAd' and 'YAN' like 'leaN'. You leaN on your DAd for support. Dayanmak!

视觉联想

Visualize a person leaning against a strong stone wall during a storm. The wall is the 'dayanak' and the person is 'dayanıyor'.

Word Web

Destek (Support) Sabır (Patience) Güç (Power) Temel (Foundation) Direnç (Resistance) Sağlam (Sturdy) Bakiye (Remaining/Lasting) İsnat (Attribute/Base)

挑战

Try to use 'dayanmak' in three different ways today: once for physical leaning, once for how long your battery lasts, and once for an opinion you have based on a fact.

词源

Derived from the Old Turkic root 'daya-' which means to support or to lean. The suffix '-n' is a reflexive marker, making 'dayanmak' literally 'to support oneself' or 'to lean oneself'.

原始含义： To prop oneself up or to lean against a support.

Turkic

文化背景

Be careful when saying 'Sana dayanamıyorum'. In a romantic context, it means 'I can't resist you'. In an angry context, it means 'I can't stand you'. Tone is everything.

English uses different verbs like 'rely', 'lean', 'endure', 'last', and 'base on'. Turkish unifies these under 'dayanmak'.

Dayan Yüreğim (Endure, My Heart) - A common song and TV show title. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün 'dayandığı' ilkeler (The principles Atatürk 'based' his actions on). Nazım Hikmet poems about human endurance.

在生活中练习

真实语境

Construction

  • Depreme dayanıklı bina
  • Zemin etüdüne dayanmak
  • Statik hesaplara dayanmak
  • Malzeme dayanıklılığı

Relationships

  • Birbirine dayanmak
  • Zor günde dayanmak
  • Güvenine dayanmak
  • Ailesine dayanmak

Shopping

  • Garanti süresine dayanmak
  • Kaliteye dayanmak
  • Kullanıma dayanmak
  • Yıpranmaya dayanmak

Academic Writing

  • Kaynağa dayanmak
  • Teoriye dayanmak
  • Analize dayanmak
  • Bulgulara dayanmak

Physical Action

  • Duvara dayanmak
  • Masaya dayanmak
  • Bastonuna dayanmak
  • Sırtını dayamak

对话开场白

"Bu kışın soğuğuna nasıl dayanıyorsun?"

"Sence en dayanıklı telefon markası hangisi?"

"Zor zamanlarda en çok kime dayanırsın?"

"Bu projenin başarısı hangi faktörlere dayanıyor?"

"Artık dayanamıyorum dediğin bir an oldu mu?"

日记主题

Bugün seni en çok neyin zorladığını ve nasıl dayandığını yaz.

Hayatındaki en büyük 'dayanağın' (support/basis) kim veya ne olduğunu anlat.

Gelecekteki planlarının hangi gerçeklere dayandığını analiz et.

Dayanıklılık (resilience) sence öğrenilebilir bir şey mi?

Bir eşyanın dayanıklı olması senin için ne kadar önemli?

常见问题

6 个问题

Yes, when it means to lean on, rely on, or be based on something, the target object must be in the dative case (-e/-a).

'Sağlam' means strong or intact. 'Dayanıklı' means durable or able to withstand conditions over time.

Yes, in phrases like 'kapıya dayanmak', it means to arrive at the threshold, often in an urgent way.

You can say 'Sana dayanamıyorum' or 'Sana katlanamıyorum'. 'Dayanamıyorum' can also be romantic, so be careful.

Yes, to express how long it stays fresh. 'Bu süt bir hafta dayanır'.

It's an idiom meaning 'I've reached my limit' or 'The situation is unbearable'.

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