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B2 noun #6,000 最常用 12分钟阅读

命题

mìngtí 前6,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示命题 30秒了解

解析命题 in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 命题 (mìngtí) is rarely used because it is quite formal and abstract. However, if you see it, you can think of it as a 'special topic' or a 'question' you might find on a test. In very simple terms, it's like saying 'the thing we are talking about' or 'the title of a story.' For a beginner, you might only hear it if a teacher says '命题作文' (mìngtí zuòwén), which just means you have to write an essay about a specific title they give you. It is made of two characters: 命 (mìng), which means 'to command' or 'life,' and 题 (tí), which means 'topic' or 'question.' Together, they mean a topic that is 'commanded' or 'set' for you. You don't need to use this word in daily life at this level, but recognizing it as a 'formal topic' is a good start.

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At the A2 level, you might encounter 命题 in the context of your Chinese studies. When you take a test, the person who made the test is doing '命题' (setting the questions). It is a noun that describes the 'topic' or 'theme' of a formal task. For example, if your teacher gives you a specific sentence and asks you to argue if it's true or false, that sentence is a 命题. You can think of it as a more serious version of the word '题目' (tímù - topic/question). While 题目 is used for any question, 命题 is used for the 'big idea' or the 'official question.' You might see it in textbooks when discussing a 'proposition' in a very basic logic or math lesson. It's helpful to know that this word is formal and usually related to school or exams.

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At the B1 level, 命题 becomes more important as you start to read more formal texts and academic materials. You should understand that a 命题 is a 'proposition'—a statement that makes a claim. In debates or formal essays, the 命题 is the central statement you are discussing. For example, 'Is technology good for us?' is a 命题. You will also see this word in news reports about education, specifically regarding how national exams are created (命题). At this level, you should be able to distinguish between 命题 and 话题 (huàtí - casual topic). A 话题 is what you talk about with friends, like 'hobbies,' but a 命题 is a formal claim like 'Hobbies are essential for mental health.' You should start using it when discussing formal logic or the structure of an exam.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 命题 accurately in academic and professional contexts. It is a key term in logic, mathematics, and philosophy, referring to a declarative sentence that is either true or false. You should be familiar with related terms like '伪命题' (wěi mìngtí - false proposition/non-issue), which is very common in modern Chinese intellectual discourse. When discussing social issues, you might use 命题 to describe a fundamental question or thesis: 'The balance between development and environment is a classic 命题.' You should also understand its role in the Chinese education system, where '命题人' (mìngtírén) refers to the highly respected and often anonymous experts who design major exams. At this level, you should feel comfortable using the word to elevate the formality of your speech or writing when presenting a thesis or analyzing an argument.

At the C1 level, your understanding of 命题 should be nuanced. You should recognize its use in formal logic systems (e.g., 命题演算 - propositional calculus) and in deep philosophical inquiry. You should be able to discuss the 'validity' (成立) or 'falsifiability' (可证伪性) of a 命题. In literary criticism, you might use it to describe the thematic 'problem' a writer is grappling with. You should also be aware of the word's rhetorical power; calling someone's argument a '伪命题' is a sophisticated way to dismiss it as logically flawed or irrelevant. You should be able to navigate the various types of propositions in logic, such as '原命题' (original), '逆命题' (converse), and '否命题' (inverse). Your usage should reflect an understanding that a 命题 is not just a topic, but a structured assertion that demands a rigorous response.

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At the C2 level, 命题 is a tool for precise intellectual expression. You should be able to use it in the context of epistemology, discussing how 命题 are constructed and verified within different knowledge systems. You might analyze the '命题性知识' (propositional knowledge) versus '程序性知识' (procedural knowledge). In the realm of law or high-level policy-making, you would use 命题 to define the core legal or ethical questions at stake in a case or legislation. You should be familiar with how the term is used in the works of Chinese philosophers and modern thinkers to frame existential or political dilemmas. At this level, your mastery of the word includes an awareness of its historical weight and its ability to transform a simple 'topic' into a formal, structured, and logically testable 'thesis' that serves as the foundation for complex intellectual systems.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

命题 30秒了解

A formal noun meaning 'proposition,' used in logic and math to describe statements that can be true or false.
A key term in the Chinese education system referring to the act of 'setting exam questions' or 'choosing essay topics.'
Used in philosophical and academic writing to present a central thesis or a structured claim about a subject.
Often seen in the term '伪命题' (false proposition) to dismiss arguments that are logically flawed or irrelevant.

The Chinese term 命题 (mìngtí) is a sophisticated noun that bridges the worlds of formal logic, mathematics, education, and philosophical discourse. At its core, it refers to a statement or assertion that can be judged as either true or false. In an academic context, it is the 'proposition' or 'thesis' that forms the basis of an argument. However, for many native speakers, the word is most frequently encountered in the context of standardized testing, where it refers to the act of 'setting a question' or the 'topic' of an essay. Understanding this word requires navigating the bridge between abstract logical reasoning and the practical reality of the Chinese education system.

Logical Proposition: In formal logic, a 命题 is a declarative sentence that expresses a complete thought. For example, 'The sun rises in the east' is a true proposition, while 'The moon is made of green cheese' is a false one. It is the fundamental unit of logical syllogisms.

这个命题在逻辑上是无法成立的，因为它包含了内在的矛盾。 (This proposition is logically untenable because it contains internal contradictions.)

Examination Context: In the world of the Gaokao (China's National College Entrance Exam), 命题 refers to the process of designing and formulating exam questions. The '命题组' (proposition group) is the secretive body of experts who decide the fate of millions of students by choosing the year's exam topics.

In philosophical debates, 命题 is used to describe a central thesis or a fundamental claim about reality. If someone says, 'Life is suffering,' a philosopher would treat this as a 命题 to be analyzed, deconstructed, or defended. It carries a weight of formality that words like 话 (huà - speech) or 想法 (xiǎngfǎ - idea) do not possess. It implies a structured, formal, and often debatable assertion.

在现代哲学中，关于自由意志的命题一直备受争议。 (In modern philosophy, propositions regarding free will have always been highly controversial.)

Pseudo-Propositions: A common modern phrase is '伪命题' (wěi mìngtí), meaning a 'false proposition' or a 'non-issue.' It is frequently used in business and social commentary to dismiss an argument as being based on a flawed premise or irrelevant logic.

很多人讨论人工智能是否会取代人类，但这可能是一个伪命题。 (Many people discuss whether AI will replace humans, but this might be a false proposition/non-issue.)

Furthermore, in the realm of art and literature, 命题 can refer to the underlying theme or 'problem' that a work explores. An artist might set a 命题 for their next exhibition, such as 'The relationship between urban decay and nature,' which serves as the guiding thesis for all the works produced. This usage highlights the word's versatility—it is not just about dry logic, but about the intentional framing of a subject for exploration.

这位导演的电影总是围绕着‘身份认同’这一核心命题展开。 (This director's films always revolve around the core proposition of 'identity.')

数学老师在黑板上写下了一个复杂的几何命题，要求我们证明。 (The math teacher wrote a complex geometric proposition on the blackboard and asked us to prove it.)

Using 命题 (mìngtí) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical function as a noun and occasionally as a verb (meaning 'to set a topic'). In most cases, it functions as the subject or object of a sentence involving logic, academics, or formal discussion. It is often paired with verbs like 证明 (zhèngmíng - to prove), 提出 (tíchū - to propose), or 否定 (fǒudìng - to negate).

As a Subject in Logic: When 命题 is the subject, it usually describes a state of truth or a logical quality. You might say a proposition is '成立' (chénglì - valid/tenable) or '荒谬' (huāngmiù - absurd).

这个命题是否成立，还需要进一步的实验验证。 (Whether this proposition holds true still requires further experimental verification.)

In Educational Administration: In the context of schooling, it often appears in phrases like '命题范围' (scope of the exam questions) or '命题思路' (the line of thinking behind the questions).

今年的高考语文命题更加注重考察学生的综合素养。 (This year's Gaokao Chinese exam question design focuses more on testing students' comprehensive qualities.)

In debate and rhetoric, the word is used to frame the entire discussion. A '辩论命题' (debate proposition) is the specific statement that the affirmative and negative sides will argue over. It must be carefully worded to ensure that both sides have a fair chance to present arguments. For instance, 'Artificial intelligence is a threat to humanity' is a classic 命题 for a debate.

在辩论赛中，如何解读命题是获胜的关键。 (In a debate competition, how you interpret the proposition is the key to winning.)

Mathematical Proofs: In math, it refers to theorems or lemmas before they are proven. '原命题' (original proposition), '逆命题' (converse proposition), '否命题' (negative proposition), and '逆否命题' (contrapositive proposition) are standard terms in Chinese high school geometry.

如果原命题成立，那么它的逆否命题也一定成立。 (If the original proposition is true, then its contrapositive must also be true.)

Finally, the term is used in the social sciences to discuss overarching theories. A researcher might propose a 命题 regarding the correlation between economic growth and social stability. In this sense, it acts as a more formal version of 'hypothesis' (假设), though a 命题 is usually presented as a more definitive statement to be tested.

社会学家提出了一个有趣的命题：城市化进程会削弱传统的家族纽带。 (Sociologists have proposed an interesting proposition: the process of urbanization weakens traditional family ties.)

我们需要对这个命题进行严密的逻辑推导。 (We need to conduct a rigorous logical derivation of this proposition.)

If you are a student in China or are engaging with Chinese academic materials, 命题 (mìngtí) will be a ubiquitous part of your vocabulary. However, outside the classroom, it appears in specific high-level contexts. You will hear it in university lecture halls, news analyses of government policy, and intellectual talk shows where complex ideas are debated.

The Education System: Every year in June, the entire nation discusses the '高考命题' (Gaokao question setting). News reports will analyze whether the math 命题 was too difficult or if the essay 命题 was too abstract. Teachers spend months studying '命题规律' (patterns in question setting) to help their students prepare.

专家们正在闭门进行研究生入学考试的命题工作。 (Experts are working behind closed doors on the proposition/question-setting for the graduate entrance exam.)

Intellectual and Social Commentary: On platforms like Zhihu (China's Quora) or in deep-dive essays on WeChat Official Accounts, writers use 命题 to elevate the level of discussion. They might argue that 'the conflict between privacy and security is the defining 命题 of the digital age.'

这不仅仅是一个技术问题，更是一个伦理命题。 (This is not just a technical issue; it is more of an ethical proposition.)

In the realm of logic and computer science, particularly in AI development, 命题 is used to discuss '命题逻辑' (propositional logic). Developers and researchers use it when discussing how machines process truth values and symbolic reasoning. If you attend a tech conference in Beijing or Shanghai focused on algorithms, this term will appear frequently on presentation slides.

计算机科学家利用命题逻辑来构建复杂的专家系统。 (Computer scientists use propositional logic to build complex expert systems.)

Artistic and Literary Criticism: Critics use 命题 to describe the central 'ask' or 'theme' of a novel or film. They might say a movie explores the 命题 of 'whether humanity can remain kind in a post-apocalyptic world.'

这部小说的核心命题是权力的腐蚀性。 (The core proposition of this novel is the corrosiveness of power.)

Even in daily life, if two friends are having a deep, late-night conversation about the meaning of life, one might say, '你刚才提出的那个命题很有意思' (The proposition you just raised is very interesting). It signals that the conversation has moved from casual small talk to serious intellectual inquiry.

我们讨论了半天，发现这其实是一个无法证伪的命题。 (We discussed for a long time and found that this is actually an unfalsifiable proposition.)

在法律辩论中，律师必须紧扣命题，不能离题太远。 (In legal arguments, lawyers must stick closely to the proposition and not wander too far off-topic.)

The most common mistake learners make with 命题 (mìngtí) is confusing it with more common words like 题目 (tímù - title/topic) or 话题 (huàtí - subject/topic of conversation). While they all translate roughly to 'topic' or 'subject' in English, their usage is strictly delineated in Chinese.

Confusion with 题目 (tímù): A 题目 is a specific question in a textbook or the title of a book. A 命题 is the abstract logical statement or the act of creating those questions. You can say '这道题目很难' (This question is hard), but you wouldn't say '这个命题很难' unless you are talking about proving a logical theorem.

错误：我写不完这几个命题。 (Wrong: I can't finish these few propositions.)
正确：我写不完这几个题目。 (Correct: I can't finish these few questions.)

Confusion with 话题 (huàtí): 话题 is used for casual conversation topics. '我们换个话题吧' (Let's change the subject). Using 命题 here would make you sound like a robot or a very stiff academic. 命题 implies a statement that needs to be proven or a formal thesis.

错误：我们今天聊聊关于旅游的命题。 (Wrong: Let's chat about the proposition of travel today.)
正确：我们今天聊聊关于旅游的话题。 (Correct: Let's chat about the topic of travel today.)

Another mistake involves the word 伪命题 (wěi mìngtí). Learners often use it to mean 'a lie.' However, a 伪命题 isn't necessarily a lie; it's a statement that is fundamentally flawed in its logic or is irrelevant to the current reality. It's a 'non-starter' of an argument. Using it simply to mean 'that's not true' is a slight misuse of its intellectual weight.

‘先有鸡还是先有蛋’在现代生物学看来可能是一个伪命题。 ('Which came first, the chicken or the egg' might be a false proposition in modern biology.)

Overusing the Verb Form: While 命题 can be a verb (to set a topic), it is almost exclusively used for formal exams. You wouldn't use it to say you are setting a theme for a party. In that case, use '确定主题' (quèdìng zhǔtí).

错误：我为我的生日聚会命题。 (Wrong: I am setting a proposition for my birthday party.)
正确：我为我的生日聚会定了一个主题。 (Correct: I set a theme for my birthday party.)

Finally, remember that 命题 is a count noun but rarely uses common counters like 个 (gè) in formal writing. Instead, you might see '项' (xiàng) for a logical proposition or just use it without a counter in academic titles. In the context of exams, '道' (dào) is used for the resulting questions, but the act itself is just 命题.

逻辑学研究的是命题之间的关系。 (Logic studies the relationships between propositions.)

我们需要重新审视这个古老的哲学命题。 (We need to re-examine this ancient philosophical proposition.)

To truly master 命题 (mìngtí), you must see how it sits alongside its synonyms and near-synonyms. Each word in this cluster has a specific 'flavor' and register that dictates when it should be used. Using the wrong one can make your Chinese sound either too formal or too colloquial.

命题 vs. 论点 (lùndiǎn): A 论点 is an 'argument' or 'point of view' within an essay or debate. It is more subjective. A 命题 is the formal statement or thesis that the 论点 seeks to support. You have a 命题 (The Earth is round) and your 论点 (Satellite photos show a curve) supports it.

命题 vs. 假设 (jiǎshè): 假设 means 'hypothesis' or 'assumption.' It is something you assume to be true for the sake of argument or experiment. A 命题 is a more formal assertion that is often the end goal of a logical proof or the starting point of a formal system.

命题 vs. 主题 (zhǔtí): 主题 is 'theme' or 'subject matter.' It is used for movies, parties, and books. 命题 is much more rigorous. A book's 主题 might be 'love,' but its 命题 might be 'Love is stronger than death.'

虽然我们的命题相同，但我们的论点完全不同。 (Although our proposition is the same, our arguments are completely different.)

In mathematical contexts, you might also encounter 定理 (dìnglǐ - theorem) and 公理 (gōnglǐ - axiom). A 命题 is a general term for any statement, while a 定理 is a 命题 that has been proven true, and an 公理 is a 命题 that is accepted as true without proof. Using 命题 is safe when you aren't sure if a statement has been proven yet.

在数学中，每一个定理最初都是一个待证明的命题。 (In mathematics, every theorem was initially a proposition waiting to be proven.)

命题 vs. 主张 (zhǔzhāng): 主张 is 'to advocate' or 'a stance.' It is very personal and active. '他主张改革' (He advocates for reform). 命题 is the objective statement of that stance: '改革是必要的' (Reform is necessary).

作为一个学术命题，他的主张在同行中引起了巨大反响。 (As an academic proposition, his stance has caused a great stir among his peers.)

Finally, consider '课题' (kètí). While 命题 is a statement, a 课题 is a 'research project' or a 'problem' to be solved. If you are applying for a grant, you have a 课题. If you are stating the logical basis of your research, you have a 命题. They are related but distinct stages of intellectual work.

解决贫困问题是全人类共同的命题，也是一个艰巨的课题。 (Solving the problem of poverty is a common proposition for all humanity, as well as an arduous task/research project.)

这个逻辑命题的逆命题在某些情况下并不成立。 (The converse of this logical proposition does not hold true in certain cases.)

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The modern use of 命题 as a translation for the Western logical 'proposition' was influenced by Japanese translators in the late 19th century (Meiji era), who used kanji to map Western philosophical concepts.

发音指南

UK /mɪŋ tʰi/

US /mɪŋ tʰi/

The primary stress is on the first syllable 'mìng', typical of most two-syllable Chinese nouns.

押韵词

定 (dìng) 性 (xìng) 庆 (qìng) 境 (jìng) 题 (tí) - rhymes with: 迷 (mí) 离 (lí) 皮 (pí) 移 (yí)

常见错误

Using the first tone for 'ming' (mīng), which sounds like 'sing' or 'clear'.
Using the fourth tone for 'ti' (mìngtì), which changes the meaning or sounds unnatural.
Failing to aspirate the 't' in 'tí', making it sound more like 'dí'.
Confusing 'mìng' with 'míng' (second tone), which would mean 'name' or 'bright'.
Slurring the two syllables together so the tone transition is lost.

难度评级

阅读 4/5

Requires understanding of formal and academic Chinese characters.

写作 4/5

Difficult to use correctly without sounding overly stiff or confusing it with '题目'.

口语 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but finding the right context to use it is tricky.

听力 4/5

Often used in fast-paced news or academic lectures.

接下来学什么

前置知识

题目 (Topic/Question) 逻辑 (Logic) 证明 (Prove) 陈述 (Statement) 考试 (Exam)

接下来学习

演绎 (Deduction) 归纳 (Induction) 范畴 (Category) 悖论 (Paradox) 实证 (Empirical)

高级

二律背反 (Antinomy) 先验 (A priori) 语义学 (Semantics) 谓词逻辑 (Predicate logic) 证伪主义 (Falsificationism)

需要掌握的语法

Nouns acting as verbs in formal contexts

为大会命题 (To set the topic for the conference).

The use of '这一' to introduce an appositive proposition

‘和平发展’这一命题。 (The proposition of 'peaceful development'.)

Adjective + 命题 structure

深刻的命题 (Profound proposition), 荒谬的命题 (Absurd proposition).

Measure words for abstract statements

一项命题 (A proposition - formal), 一个命题 (A proposition - common).

Verb-Object collocations with '命题'

否定命题, 证明命题, 提出命题.

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按水平分级的例句

老师给了我们一个作文命题。

The teacher gave us an essay topic.

Here, '命题' functions as a noun meaning 'assigned topic'.

这个命题很简单。

This topic is very simple.

Simple subject-adjective structure.

我不明白这个命题的意思。

I don't understand the meaning of this proposition.

Using '命题' as a formal word for 'topic'.

命题是什么？

What is a proposition?

Direct question asking for a definition.

今天的命题是‘我的家’。

Today's topic is 'My Home'.

Using '命题' to introduce a specific title.

我们要为考试命题。

We need to set questions for the exam.

Here '命题' acts as a verb meaning 'to set questions'.

这是一个好命题。

This is a good proposition.

Basic 'A is B' structure.

请看黑板上的命题。

Please look at the proposition on the blackboard.

Imperative sentence using '命题'.

数学考试的命题很难。

The math exam question-setting was very difficult.

Refers to the act of designing the questions.

他提出了一个有趣的命题。

He proposed an interesting proposition.

Verb '提出' (propose) + object '命题'.

这个命题是真的还是假的？

Is this proposition true or false?

Standard logical inquiry.

我们讨论了关于环保的命题。

We discussed the proposition regarding environmental protection.

Formal discussion of a topic.

老师要求我们证明这个命题。

The teacher asked us to prove this proposition.

Verb '证明' (to prove) commonly follows '命题'.

命题组的人非常神秘。

The people in the question-setting group are very mysterious.

Compound noun '命题组'.

这个命题不符合逻辑。

This proposition does not conform to logic.

Negative structure '不符合'.

请写出这个命题的逆命题。

Please write the converse of this proposition.

'逆命题' is a specific mathematical term.

在逻辑学中，命题是有真假之分的陈述句。

In logic, a proposition is a declarative sentence that can be true or false.

Formal definition using '是...的' structure.

这篇文章围绕着一个核心命题展开。

This article revolves around a core proposition.

'围绕...展开' (revolve around) is a common collocation.

那个所谓的‘成功学’其实是个伪命题。

That so-called 'successology' is actually a false proposition.

Using '伪命题' to dismiss an idea.

命题的准确性直接影响到研究的结果。

The accuracy of the proposition directly affects the research results.

Subject-predicate structure where '命题' is the head of the subject.

他试图否定这个存在已久的科学命题。

He tried to negate this long-standing scientific proposition.

Verb '否定' (to negate) + '命题'.

辩论赛的命题通常具有争议性。

The propositions of debate competitions are usually controversial.

Descriptive sentence about debate topics.

我们需要对这个命题进行深入的分析。

We need to conduct an in-depth analysis of this proposition.

'对...进行分析' (conduct analysis on).

这是一个关于人类未来的永恒命题。

This is an eternal proposition regarding the future of humanity.

Using '命题' to describe a deep, lasting question.

高考命题工作必须在严格保密的情况下进行。

The work of setting Gaokao questions must be carried out under strict confidentiality.

Focus on the administrative process of exam design.

这个数学命题的证明过程非常繁琐。

The proof process for this mathematical proposition is very tedious.

Describes the '证明过程' (proof process) of a '命题'.

哲学家们一直在争论‘存在即合理’这一命题。

Philosophers have been arguing about the proposition 'whatever exists is rational'.

Appositive phrase defining the specific 命题.

他的演说建立在一个错误的命题之上。

His speech was built upon a false proposition.

'建立在...之上' (built upon).

命题人试图通过这道题考察学生的逻辑思维能力。

The question-setter intended to test students' logical thinking skills through this question.

'命题人' refers to the person who designed the test.

这个命题的逆否命题在数学逻辑上是等价的。

The contrapositive of this proposition is mathematically equivalent in logic.

Technical term '逆否命题' (contrapositive).

我们不能接受一个没有证据支撑的命题。

We cannot accept a proposition that is not supported by evidence.

Relative clause '没有证据支撑的' modifying '命题'.

该研究旨在验证‘科技改变生活’这一命题。

The study aims to verify the proposition that 'technology changes lives'.

'旨在' (aims to) + '验证' (verify).

维特根斯坦在《逻辑哲学论》中对命题的本质进行了探讨。

Wittgenstein explored the nature of propositions in his 'Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus'.

Academic reference to philosophy of language.

这个社会学命题在不同的文化背景下可能有不同的解释。

This sociological proposition may have different interpretations in different cultural contexts.

Discussing the contextual variability of a thesis.

命题逻辑是计算机科学和人工智能的基础。

Propositional logic is the foundation of computer science and artificial intelligence.

Compound term '命题逻辑' (propositional logic).

他提出的命题由于缺乏实证数据而遭到了广泛质疑。

The proposition he proposed was widely questioned due to a lack of empirical data.

Passive-like structure with '遭到' (suffered/met with).

在康德的哲学体系中，先天综合命题占据了核心地位。

In Kant's philosophical system, synthetic a priori propositions occupy a central position.

Specific philosophical term '先天综合命题'.

命题的真值取决于它与客观现实的一致性。

The truth value of a proposition depends on its consistency with objective reality.

'真值' (truth value) and '一致性' (consistency).

法律命题的严密性是确保司法公正的前提。

The rigor of legal propositions is a prerequisite for ensuring judicial justice.

Abstract noun '严密性' (rigor/tightness).

我们必须区分事实陈述与规范性命题。

We must distinguish between factual statements and normative propositions.

Distinguishing between '事实陈述' and '规范性命题'.

该论文试图重构关于意识起源的本体论命题。

The paper attempts to reconstruct the ontological propositions regarding the origin of consciousness.

Highly academic '重构' (reconstruct) and '本体论' (ontological).

命题演算中的公理化方法为现代数理逻辑奠定了基石。

The axiomatic method in propositional calculus laid the foundation for modern mathematical logic.

Complex technical description of logical systems.

解构主义者往往会对命题中隐含的权力关系进行批判。

Deconstructionists often critique the power relations implicit in propositions.

Refers to post-structuralist analysis.

这个命题的悖论性质使得它在形式逻辑框架内无法得到解决。

The paradoxical nature of this proposition makes it unsolvable within the framework of formal logic.

'悖论性质' (paradoxical nature) and '框架' (framework).

命题的意义不在于其孤立的表述，而在于其在语言游戏中的功能。

The meaning of a proposition lies not in its isolated expression, but in its function within a language game.

Reference to later Wittgensteinian thought.

通过对基础命题的层层推演，他构建了一个宏大的形而上学体系。

Through step-by-step deduction from foundational propositions, he constructed a grand metaphysical system.

'层层推演' (layer-by-layer deduction).

该学者认为，所有伦理命题最终都可以还原为心理学事实。

The scholar argues that all ethical propositions can ultimately be reduced to psychological facts.

Discussion of reductionism in philosophy.

命题的指称与内涵之间的张力是语义学研究的永恒主题。

The tension between the reference and connotation of a proposition is an eternal theme of semantic research.

Advanced linguistic concepts '指称' and '内涵'.

近义词

论题主题主张论断

常见搭配

提出命题

证明命题

命题逻辑

伪命题

命题作文

命题人

核心命题

逆命题

否定命题

命题范围

常用短语

这是一个伪命题

— This is a false proposition or a non-issue. Used to dismiss an argument as fundamentally flawed.

讨论谁更聪明是一个伪命题。

命题作文

— An essay with a pre-assigned title. Common in Chinese language exams.

高考的第一篇是命题作文。

命题组

— The group of experts who design an exam. Often used in the context of high-stakes testing.

命题组正在进行封闭式工作。

原命题

— The original proposition in a logical transformation. Used in math and logic.

我们先分析原命题是否成立。

逆命题

— The converse proposition (if Q then P, instead of if P then Q).

逆命题不一定成立。

否命题

— The inverse proposition (if not P then not Q).

注意区分否命题和逆否命题。

逆否命题

— The contrapositive proposition (if not Q then not P).

逆否命题与原命题逻辑等价。

命题趋势

— The trend or direction in which exam questions are being designed.

老师在研究近几年的命题趋势。

哲学命题

— A formal philosophical thesis or question.

自由意志是一个经典的哲学命题。

科学命题

— A scientific statement or hypothesis presented as a proposition.

进化论是一个经过验证的科学命题。

容易混淆的词

命题 vs 题目 (tímù)

题目 is a specific question or a title. 命题 is the abstract statement or the act of creating the questions.

命题 vs 话题 (huàtí)

话题 is for casual conversation topics. 命题 is for formal assertions that can be tested for truth.

命题 vs 主题 (zhǔtí)

主题 is a general theme (like 'love'). 命题 is a specific claim (like 'love is an illusion').

习语与表达

"题中之义"

— The meaning within the title; something that is implied or goes without saying. While it uses '题', it is related to the essence of a 命题.

保护环境是可持续发展的题中之义。

Formal

"离题万里"

— To be a thousand miles away from the topic. Used when someone's argument deviates from the 命题.

你的发言已经离题万里了。

Informal/Idiomatic

"切中要害"

— To hit the nail on the head; to address the core of the 命题.

他的分析切中要害。

Neutral

"不证自明"

— Self-evident. Often used to describe a 命题 that requires no proof (an axiom).

这是一个不证自明的真理。

Formal

"言之成理"

— To speak with reason; used when a 命题 or argument is logically sound.

尽管我不同意，但他的话言之成理。

Neutral

"自圆其说"

— To make one's argument consistent. Often used when someone tries to justify a difficult 命题.

他编造了一个故事来自圆其说。

Neutral

"无可辩驳"

— Irrefutable. Used for a 命题 that cannot be argued against.

事实胜于雄辩，这个结论无可辩驳。

Formal

"大题小做"

— To treat a big topic (命题) as a small matter, or to write a simple essay on a profound theme.

这篇文章大题小做，缺乏深度。

Neutral

"小题大做"

— To make a mountain out of a molehill; to treat a minor 命题 as a major issue.

这件事没那么严重，别小题大做。

Common

"文不对题"

— The essay doesn't match the topic (命题).

他写的文章文不对题，得分很低。

Neutral

容易混淆

命题 vs 论点

Both involve ideas in an argument.

A 论点 is a subjective point of view; a 命题 is a formal logical statement.

他的论点支持了这个命题。

命题 vs 假设

Both are statements to be analyzed.

A 假设 is a temporary assumption; a 命题 is a formal, often definitive assertion.

这个命题最初只是一个假设。

命题 vs 定理

Both are used in math.

A 定理 is a proposition that has already been proven true.

勾股定理是一个著名的命题。

命题 vs 主张

Both represent a claim.

主张 emphasizes the person's stance; 命题 emphasizes the logical content of the claim.

他主张这个命题是正确的。

命题 vs 课题

Both relate to academic tasks.

A 课题 is a project or problem to solve; a 命题 is a statement of truth.

我们的课题是研究这个命题。

句型

这是一个关于...的[形容词]命题。

这是一个关于人类命运的深刻命题。

[某人]提出了...这一命题。

老子提出了‘无为而治’这一命题。

如果...成立，那么这个命题就是真的。

如果前提成立，那么这个命题就是真的。

该命题的真伪取决于...。

该命题的真伪取决于实验数据。

通过对...命题的解构，我们可以发现...。

通过对传统伦理命题的解构，我们可以发现其中的权力运作。

所谓的...其实是一个伪命题。

所谓的‘跨国界爱情’其实是一个伪命题。

命题[A]与命题[B]是互为逆否命题的。

命题A与命题B是互为逆否命题的。

在...的语境下，这个命题具有特殊的意义。

在现代化的语境下，这个命题具有特殊的意义。

词族

名词

命题人 (Question setter)

命题组 (Question-setting group)

伪命题 (False proposition)

原命题 (Original proposition)

动词

命题 (To set a topic/question)

形容词

命题式的 (Propositional/In the style of a proposition)

如何使用

frequency

Common in academic and educational circles; rare in daily grocery-store talk.

常见错误

Using 命题 for a casual chat topic. → 使用'话题' (huàtí).
命题 is too formal for casual contexts.
Confusing 命题 with 题目 in a textbook. → 使用'题目' (tímù).
Individual questions are 题目, not 命题.
Saying '我命题一个派对' (I am setting a proposition for a party). → 使用'定一个主题' (dìng yígè zhǔtí).
命题 as a verb is only for formal exams.
Thinking 伪命题 means 'a lie'. → Understand it as 'logical non-issue'.
A 伪命题 is logically flawed, not necessarily a deliberate lie.
Incorrect tones (míngtí instead of mìngtí). → mìngtí (4th tone, 2nd tone).
Tones change the meaning completely.

小贴士

When in doubt, use 题目

If you are talking about a general question or a topic, '题目' is much safer. Only use '命题' if you are sure it's a formal claim or an exam-setting context.

Check for Truth Value

If you can't ask 'Is this true or false?', then it's probably not a '命题' in the logical sense.

Use for Theses

When writing an academic paper in Chinese, using the word '命题' to describe your central claim will make your writing sound more professional.

Gaokao Context

Keep an eye out for this word in June when the Gaokao happens. It will be all over the Chinese news.

The 'Pseudo' Trick

Learning '伪命题' is a great way to sound smart in a debate. It's a very common way to dismiss an irrelevant argument.

Pair with 提出

The most common verb to use with 命题 is 提出 (tíchū - to propose/put forward).

Geometric Proofs

If you are studying math in Chinese, you will see '命题' at the start of every theorem proof.

Appositive Structure

Use the pattern '...这一命题' to introduce a specific quote or idea as a proposition.

Tone Accuracy

Make sure the fourth tone of 'mìng' is distinct, otherwise it might be confused with 'míng' (name).

Measure Words

Use '项' (xiàng) for a single proposition in a list of logical statements.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a King 'Commanding' (命) a 'Topic' (题) for you to solve. It's not just any topic; it's a Command Topic!

视觉联想

Imagine a judge hitting a gavel (命 - command) onto a large blackboard with a math problem (题 - topic) on it.

Word Web

逻辑 (Logic) 数学 (Math) 考试 (Exam) 真假 (True/False) 证明 (Prove) 论文 (Thesis) 辩论 (Debate) 主题 (Theme)

挑战

Try to identify one '伪命题' (false proposition) in a news article you read today. Explain why it is logically flawed using Chinese.

词源

The term 命题 is a compound word formed from two classical Chinese roots. '命' (mìng) historically means 'command,' 'order,' or 'fate.' '题' (tí) originally referred to the forehead but evolved to mean the 'head' or 'topic' of a document.

原始含义： In the context of the imperial exams, it meant the topic 'commanded' or assigned by the examiner or the Emperor.

Sino-Tibetan, Sinitic.

文化背景

No specific sensitivities, but calling someone's argument a '伪命题' can be seen as very dismissive or arrogant in a casual setting.

In English, 'proposition' is mostly used in math, philosophy, or business offers. In Chinese, it has a much stronger connection to the education system.

The Gaokao essay topics (高考命题作文) are published annually and analyzed by millions. Ludwig Wittgenstein's 'Tractatus' is often discussed in Chinese philosophy departments using the term 命题. The movie 'The Truman Show' is often described in Chinese film reviews as exploring the 命题 of 'what is reality?'

在生活中练习

真实语境

Mathematics Class

证明命题
逆命题成立
原命题为真
几何命题

Debate Competition

辩论命题
解读命题
切中命题要害
离题

Academic Writing

核心命题
提出命题
验证命题
理论命题

Exam Preparation

命题人
命题趋势
命题范围
命题风格

Intellectual Discussion

伪命题
哲学命题
伦理命题
这是一个深刻的命题

对话开场白

"你觉得‘金钱能买到幸福’是一个伪命题吗？ (Do you think 'money can buy happiness' is a false proposition?)"

"这次考试的命题风格你适应吗？ (Are you used to the question-setting style of this exam?)"

"关于人工智能的未来，你最感兴趣的命题是什么？ (Regarding the future of AI, what proposition interests you the most?)"

"你认为‘人性本善’这个命题在逻辑上站得住脚吗？ (Do you think the proposition 'human nature is inherently good' is logically sound?)"

"如果我们为一个辩论赛命题，你有什么好的建议？ (If we were to set a proposition for a debate competition, do you have any good suggestions?)"

日记主题

反思一个你曾经认为是真，但现在觉得是‘伪命题’的想法。 (Reflect on an idea you once thought was true but now consider a 'false proposition'.)

描述一次你参加过的考试，谈谈你对那次命题难度的看法。 (Describe an exam you took and discuss your thoughts on the difficulty of the question-setting.)

选择一个你感兴趣的社会现象，并试着把它总结成一个学术命题。 (Choose a social phenomenon you are interested in and try to summarize it as an academic proposition.)

如果你是命题人，你会给今年的高考作文出什么样的题目？ (If you were the question-setter, what kind of title would you set for this year's Gaokao essay?)

探讨‘自由’与‘安全’之间的命题关系。 (Explore the propositional relationship between 'freedom' and 'security'.)

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, but primarily in formal contexts like '为考试命题' (to set questions for an exam). It is not used for setting casual topics.

It translates to 'false proposition.' It refers to a statement that is logically flawed, based on a false premise, or irrelevant. For example, 'Are unicorns better at math than dragons?' is a 伪命题 because neither exist.

Think of '题目' as the 'title' or 'question number 1.' Think of '命题' as the 'thesis' or the 'logical claim.' You solve a '题目' but you prove a '命题'.

Rarely. It's mostly used by students, teachers, and intellectuals. If you use it while buying vegetables, people will be very confused.

They are logical transformations. If the original is 'If A then B,' the 逆命题 is 'If B then A,' and the 否命题 is 'If not A then not B.'

Because of the importance of the Gaokao. The people who set the questions (命题人) determine the direction of education and the future of students.

Yes, if your paper is presenting a formal proposition. However, '论...' or '关于...的研究' is more common for titles.

Yes. You can say '一个命题' or '这项命题.' In the context of exam questions, you'd use '道' for the questions themselves.

No, it is a neutral academic term. However, '伪命题' is often used critically.

Etymologically, yes. '命' means 'command' or 'fate.' A 命题 was originally a 'commanded topic' from a superior.

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